Pendle Council i_job 2757 08/09 www.visitpendle.com Email: [email protected] Tel: (01282) 677150 Pendle Centre Herritage Tel: (01282) 666704 . Tourist Information Centre, Tel: (01282) 856186 Discover Pendle Centre Pendle Email: [email protected] Tel: (01200) 425566 Church Walk, , BB72RA Borough Council Clitheroe Visitor Information Centre Ribble Valley www.visitlancaster.co.uk Email: [email protected] Tel: (01524) 582394 Lancaster, LA11TH The Storey, Meeting HouseLane, Visitor Information Centre Lancaster below.numbers available free for each area the by contacting Visitor &Accommodation Guidesare Lancaster Clitheroe Pendle Manchester Borough Council Ribble Valley The wild beauty of the landscape makes this The wild beauty of the landscape makes in . unspoilt journeys one of the most up the the breathtaking drive forget won’t You and the dramatic of Bowland Trough narrow . the historic descent into of views which variety an astonishing are There Hodder and take the River span the hills above mountains District and the sea. in the Lake minibus or car, by The 45 miles can be followed taking by of the experience the most Make bike. houses, hotels at guest staying days, three at least places are There along the way. or farmhouses including the enjoy to walks visit and many to Hill. classic climb up Pendle , BB89NW Way,Vivary , Discover Pendle Centre Return completed form withcheque to: Tel Post Code Address Name Expires Mastercard/Visa/Maestro No. . I encloseacheque for £ online from www.visitlancaster.co.uk Many oftheseguidesabove are alsoavailable to buy FREE Witches Road Trail version) (shorter £6.80 OS MapForest ofBowland , , A-Z Walks &CycleRides £8.25 £7.30 DVD Countie ofLancaster –ThomasPotts Wonderful Discoverie ofWitches inthe Mist Over Pendle Neill –Robert Walking withWitches Walking Trail Witch Trails Bowland by Bike OS MapSouthPennines £8.48 Walks inLancashire Witch Country Pendle Three Peaks Six Circular Walks inPendle £16.80 Pendle photographic Lee book–Alastair £3.00 Pendle Witches –Walter Bennett Publications Postage &Packing withintheUK. a credit/debit card to (01282) 856186. Pricesinclude The following are available by post orby callingwith about thePendleWitches. There aremanyfascinatingguidesandbooks Finding outmore

payable to: £9.30 £3.00 £16.20 FREE FREE £9.30 £0.75 £3.00 RISES ABOVE THE ANCIENT HUNTING GROUND CALLED THE . Once the home of wolves and wild boar, it is still an untamed place, full of mystery. Beneath Pendle Hill are the tiny hamlets and farms which played a part in the true story of the Pendle Witches. It is a story which still haunts the traveller today. How did nine villagers come to be found guilty of ? And why does mystery still surround them even though their trial is one of the best documented in the world? will find out about that you On the Trail the old will explore You of 1612. year fateful took events Hill where villages under Pendle the the lonely road follow place. Then you’ll the Ribble Valley through took Witches Pendle Along trial. stood they where Castle Lancaster to help piece visit which places to are there the way 400 is almost a mystery which together old. years Pendle Pendle •RibbleValley •Lancaster The Witches Folksong byFolksong Milton-Allan Trail thou standest alone with Barley and Downham content at thy feet. at thy content and Downham with Barley On the Trail of the Pendle Witches ‘Twixt Burnley and Clitheroe, Whalley and Colne Whalley and Clitheroe, Burnley ‘Twixt Where the Hodder and the Ribble’s fair waters do meet do meet waters the Hodder and the Ribble’s fair Where

Old Pendle, Old Pendle Old Pendle Old Pendle, Hill Downham village and Pendle

The route is not suitable for coaches. for suitable not is route The

Please use these directions with a road atlas or O.S. Map. O.S. or atlas road a with directions these use Please

considered their prayers as charms. as prayers their considered

spoke of Catholic practices as a form of conjuring, and and conjuring, of form a as practices Catholic of spoke

of Parliament in the year 1605. year the in Parliament of

Trail finishes at Pendle Heritage Centre. Heritage Pendle at finishes Trail was not clear cut in the 17th century. Protestants often often Protestants century. 17th the in cut clear not was

arrested in the cellars beneath the Houses Houses the beneath cellars the in Fawkes Guy arrested

the where into through right turn road them. The dividing line between and religion religion and magic between line dividing The them.

was dedicated to Sir Thomas Knyvet - the man who who man the - Knyvet Thomas Sir to dedicated was

the of end the at and in pub Horse Bay past Drive • take Protestant communion in church and prosecute prosecute and church in communion Protestant take

on finding evidence of witchcraft. The document document The witchcraft. of evidence finding on

in Lancashire to report anyone who did not not did who anyone report to Lancashire in

Roughlee. around the country as a warning and a guide guide a and warning a as country the around

the King ordered Justices of the Peace Peace the of Justices ordered King the

to on straight go crossroads the At Lane. Jinny down Galore asked to make a record of the trial to send send to trial the of record a make to asked

as a dangerous, lawless place. In 1612 1612 In place. lawless dangerous, a as

Witches past left Turn Pendle. in Newchurch through Go • London court clerk, Thomas Potts was was Potts Thomas clerk, court London

King added to Lancashire’s reputation reputation Lancashire’s to added King

Pendle Witches were put on trial a a trial on put were Witches Pendle

Burnley. to signs follow and Barley to road Follow • a rising in Lancashire against the the against Lancashire in rising a

favour with the King. When the the When King. the with favour

plotters that they were going to start start to going were they that plotters

the hill. the that convictions would find them them find would convictions that

confession by two of the gunpowder gunpowder the of two by confession

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DIRECTIONS from Lancaster from DIRECTIONS

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Pendle at is Trail Witch Pendle the for point starting The • DIRECTIONS from Pendle from DIRECTIONS ATTRACTIONS in Pendle ATTRACTIONS in Ribble Valley ATTRACTIONS in Lancaster The1612 events of Early 1600s Two rival peasant families live on the slopes of Pendle Hill. They are led by two old women called Demdike and Chattox. The men of their families are dead, leaving them in poverty to beg and find work where they can. Many local people live in fear of them, believing them to have special powers.

March 18th 1612 Alizon Device, grand-daughter of Demdike, is begging on the road to Colne. A pedlar refuses her some pins and she curses him. Suddenly a black dog appears and she orders Pendle Hill & Museum it to lame the pedlar who collapses, paralysed on the left side. Climb the mysterious hill for a breathtaking view over the landscape which was home to the Now fully open after a complete makeover, the Museum stands high on Castle Hill, in the This imposing fortress was the setting for the imprisonment and trial of the Pendle Witches. Pendle Witches. The traditional starting point for the climb is Barley village, which is also the shadow of the Norman Castle Keep which has dominated Clitheroe’s skyline for over 800 years. Guided tours are available of the vaulted Shire Hall; The Drop Room; Hadrian’s Tower; March 30th 1612 start of Pendle’s “Walking with Witches” walking trail. Discover the ‘hands-on’ galleries, collections and displays which reveal amazing stories and take Dungeons; The Grand Jury Room and Courts. The Castle is still used as a prison and a court Alizon Device is hauled before the Justice Roger Nowell and confesses to witchcraft. www.visitpendle.com Forced to give an account of her family’s activities she tells how Demdike had been you on a journey through 350 million years of history, including the history of the which may necessitate changes to their openings. asked to heal a sick cow which then died. She also told Nowell that Demdike had Pendle Witches. (telephone for up to date information). cursed Richard Baldwin after which his daughter fell sick and died a year later. Describing her family’s feud with the Chattox family she reports how Chattox turned Small admission charge. Open 11am-5pm Apr-Oct, 12-4pm Nov-Mar. Open: All year round 10.30 am - 5 pm daily (last tour 4pm). the ale sour at an inn at Higham and bewitched the landlord’s son to death using a clay Tel: (01200) 424568 www.lancashire.gov.uk/clitheroecastlemuseum Tel: (01524) 64998 Web: www.lancastercastle.com image.

April 2nd 1612 Nowell orders Demdike, Chattox and her daughter Ann Redfearn to give evidence. Demdike confesses to evil deeds, claiming that the Devil came to her in the shape of a little boy called Tibb. She had met him in a quarry near Newchurch and he had sucked her blood leaving her ‘stark mad’.

April 3rd 1612 Pendle Heritage Centre Nowell sends Demdike, Alizon Device, Chattox and Ann Redfearn to Lancaster Castle Unlock the history of the area at this 17th The Golden Lion Pub Lancaster Priory The Judges’ Lodgings to await trial for witchcraft. century heritage centre which includes a It was tradition to The Priory Church of St.Mary is the This was the home of display on the Pendle Witches, an historic allow prisoners from finest Medieval church in the county. Thomas Covell, the Lancaster Castle a last The interior is rich with many notorious Keeper of Good Friday 1612 walled garden and tea room. Newchurch Twenty people gather at , home of Demdike and the Devices. They feast This 13th- century abbey on the banks of near Clitheroe drink at the Golden treasures including a brass recording Lancaster Castle during the Visit St Mary’s Church at this hillside village on stolen mutton and make a plot to blow up Lancaster Castle. They also plan to kill the River Calder is portrayed in Harrison Historic home of the Parker family for nearly Lion on their way to the “talents and excellences” of one trial of the Pendle Witches. Open: Daily all year 10.00 am - 5.00 pm and find the Eye of God on the tower which Thomas Covell, the Keeper of the Castle, and free the imprisoned women. Ainsworth’s 19th century novel The 500 years, Browsholme has many paintings execution. The Pendle Thomas Covell. He was Keeper of Evidence at the trial reported except Christmas Day was thought to watch over parishioners and Lancashire Witches. The ruins of Whalley and artifacts from the turbulent 17th Witches had their the Castle for 48 years including the that at the Malkin Tower Park Hill, Barrowford, Late April 1612 protect them from witchcraft. Browse in Abbey are visible testament to the religious Century which gave a real sense of the era of last drink here on 20 year 1612 when the Pendle Witches gathering on Good Friday, Nelson, Lancashire BB9 6JQ August 1612 before were imprisoned and put on trial. villagers plotted to blow up An investigator is sent to Malkin Tower. Human bones are unearthed, stolen from Witches Galore shop for a wealth of fact and persecution which influenced events in the the Pendle Witches. Tel: (01282) 677150 fiction on the Pendle Witches. being executed at He died on August 1st, 1639 aged 78 Lancaster Castle and kill graves in Newchurch, and a clay image is also found. true story of the witches. the top of the hill at and is buried in the Priory Church. Covell in order to free those Pendle Witches experience tours for groups For Witches Galore opening times Small admission charge. For opening details Tel: (01282) 458759 / 07721 048859 Telephone (01282) 613111 Golgotha. This historic witches who were already Nowell sends for James and Jennet Device and their mother Elizabeth for questioning at Opening times vary, please call: (01254) and group bookings please call: (01254) pub has a panelled Open: All year 10am - 4.30pm. imprisoned in the Tower. Ashlar House, Fence. James confesses to causing the lingering death of Anne Towneley 828400 or visit www.whalleyabbey.co.uk 826719 or visit www.browsholme.co.uk “snug” with a local Guided tours by arrangement. by slowly crumbling a clay image of her after she had accused him of stealing peat for his history theme. Refectory open for refreshments Open: Ring for open times fire. (Easter - September) Church Street, Lancaster. 33 Moor Lane, Monday - Saturday 10.30am - 3pm Tel: (01524) 32808 Nine-year-old Jennet names the people who were at the Good Friday gathering including Lancaster. Donations welcome. Easter - end October daily Alice Nutter, a gentlewoman of Roughlee. Nowell sends the supposed witches to join Tel: (01524) 842198 Castle Hill, Lancaster, Web: www.lancashire.gov. Tel: (01524) 65338 uk/museums those already at Lancaster Castle. Witchcraft King James Web: www.priory.lancs.ac.uk Every effort has been made to ensure that information in this guide is correct. However changes can occur and we recommend checking details when Demdike dies in prison, before the trial. planning your visit. The word ‘Witch’ comes as “one that worketh by the Devil”. It was this When King James of August 17th 1612 supposed contract with the Devil that brought Scotland succeeded The The Witchfinder Sink or Swim For many became The trial opens at Lancaster Castle. The accused are not provided with a defence lawyer. about the execution of many thousands of to the throne of Broomstick General from the Anglo- Saxon centuries witches were believed to be able to a dreaded figure in England in 1645 and Nowell produces Jennet as a witness and she gives evidence against her own family and people, as a fever for wiping out witchcraft In Daemonology he explained techniques England in 1603 fly by night to attend a meeting or ‘sabbath’. earned the title ‘The Witchfinder General’. other villagers. Her mother Elizabeth Device is dragged from the court screaming at word ‘’ meaning the spread across Britain and the whole of Europe. he introduced even for finding evidence of witchcraft which he her daughter and shouting curses at Roger Nowell. The judge decides to test Jennet’s described as “a treason against God”. One In the 15th century witches were portrayed Using King James’s Daemonology and Thomas harsher statutes astride wolves, goats, cleft sticks, and even Potts’ account of the trial of the Pendle evidence by holding an identity parade in court at which Jennet goes up and takes In 1563, Queen Elizabeth passed an act technique was swimming suspected witches. wise ones. The Wicca against those a shovel. Later the broomstick became the Witches, he sought to free the south of Alice Nutter by the hand, identifying her as one of those present at the Good Friday against witchcraft. It introduced a year’s practising witchcraft. common image and the term transvection England of witchcraft. gathering. believed they had magical imprisonment and public ridicule in the stocks This was the King’s theory: His act of 1604 made used for such night travel. for anyone using witchcraft to cause harm - for He profited from the towns and villages who Alizon Device faints when confronted with the pedlar she is said to have lamed, but powers which they used example to crops, or cattle. Anyone using it a capital offence “So it appears that God hath appointed, The sound of church bells was thought paid him for discovering witches. when she is revived confesses her guilt. witchcraft to commit murder would “to consult, covenant for a supernatural sign of the monstrous powerful enough to bring down a flying during pagan religious be executed. with, entertain, impiety of the witches, that the water shall Chattox weeps as she hears the evidence against her and asks God for forgiveness. She employ, feed, or witch. In Germany, in the early 17th One of his techniques apart from swimming rites. refuse to receive them in her bosom, that century, churches in one city were ordered suspects was to prick so-called devils’ marks. pleads for mercy to be shown to her daughter, Ann Redfearn. By the end of Elizabeth’s reign the reward any evil and have shaken off them the sacred water of to ring their bells continuously through A long pin would be inserted into a mark idea of witches working in league Their rituals centred around the wicked spirit, or baptism...” the night to protect citizens from flying on the suspects’s body such as a mole or The judge finds them all guilty but admits that he is moved by “the ruine of so many poore with a spirit began to take natural world and the seasons. to utter spells.” It witches. A cock crowing was also thought to scar and if no blood emerged they were creatures at one time”. root. The Devil was thought to be able to These evolved over the centuries as meant that keeping a dog or cat could Anyone sinking into the water was absolved dispel the dark forces at work during a Black considered witches. manifest himself in many different forms such their beliefs were passed on from have serious consequences if you were of the crime of witchcraft, but was likely to Sabbath. August 20th 1612 generation to generation. as a dog, cat, or owl. drown; anyone floating would be considered a Chattox, Ann Redfearn, Elizabeth, James and Alizon Device, Alice Nutter, Katherine suspected of witchcraft. Matthew Hopkins became so busy that he proven witch. and his partner John Stearn had to hire four Hewitt, Jane Bulcock and her son John are hanged in Lancaster in front of huge crowds. Because of this, every creature became suspect By the early 14th century, some began to see But even those not keeping an animal could assistants to prick likely suspects. By the as potentially evil. In Gifford’s Dialogue of 1593, a sinister side to people with this way of life. still be found guilty of having a familiar. The time the Witchfinder died in 1646 he had the farmer says: They were suspected of using their ‘magic’ to judges might find a bee or a fly in the house arrested over 120 people for witchcraft of have power over people and to do them harm. which they would consider as the Devil’s whom at least 68 were hanged. This sorcery, which pagan people used to try “When I go but into my closes [gardens] agent. and control nature to ensure good harvests I am afraid, for I see now and then a King James was both fascinated and terrified Were they malevolent people and survival, began to be seen as being in of witchcraft. When King of Scotland, he was hare, which my conscience giveth me Library Cornell University From opposition to Christianity. convinced that witches had gone to sea in possessed by supernatural is a witch, or some witch’s spirit - she sieves and raised a storm to wreck his ship as Another technique the King recommmended The Many of those taking part in these stareth so upon me. And sometime I he sailed to Norway for his bride. for discovering witches was to find a devil’s The swimming of Mary SuttonIllustration: (1612) Witch’s Hat The black broad powers, or the innocent victims of a unorthodox rituals were women who, if see an ugly weasel run through my yard, He personally supervised the harsh mark on the suspect’s body. It was thought brimmed pointed hat which we associate unmarried or widowed, may have had no interrogation of some of the accused women that the devil sealed his compact with witches with witches is likely to be an exaggeration of time obsessed with the pursuit and other way to support themselves other than by and there is a foul great cat sometimes of North Berwick and this experience led by giving them a mark of identification on the the tall, blunt topped hats of the Puritans of their reputations as a healers using herbs and in my barn, which I have no liking James to write his book Daemonology which body which today would simply be seen as a the 17th century. Pointed hats were frowned punishment of witchcraft? magic. By the 16th century a witch was seen unto.” was published in Edinburgh in 1597. scar or birthmark. In the 1600’s such marks upon by the church, which associated points were considered the sure sign of a witch. with the horns of the Devil.