Aberdeenshire, 156 Academia, Conflict In, 5, 32–3, 36, 37–8, 55–6, 189

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-80868-2 - Witchcraft, Sorcery, Rumors, and Gossip Pamela J. Stewart and Andrew Strathern Index More information

Index

Aberdeenshire, 156 Ankarloo, Bengt, 156 academia, conﬂict in, 5, 32–3, 36, 37–8, anthrax scare, 24, 45, 48, 195 55–6, 189, 201 anthropological analysis, modes of, 3–4, acculturation, 94 8, 9–10 aconite, 141 Antze, Paul, 95 adoption, international, 87 Arens, William, 51, 59 Aeneas, 53 Assam, 177, 178 Afghanistan, 111 assault sorcery, 81, 170, 185; gossip, Africa, xiii, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12–13; and compared with, 83; in Pangia, 120–1, vampire stories, 51; see also names of 124–5; among Duna, 124–5; and speciﬁc peoples Oksapmin, 125;asappropriationof AIDS, 49, 69, 79, 91, 124–5, 135 vitality, 171 Airds farm, 159 Augsburg, 26 AK-47s, 181 Auslander, Mark, 67–72, 92, 187 Akan, 191 Ayodhya, 177, 180–1 Akin, David, 73 Ayrshire, 15, 51 Al-Qaeda, 111 Azande, 2–3, 8, 65 Albigensians, 15 Allport, Gordon, 40–3, 101, 171, 183 Babha, Homi, 182 Ambeli,´ 56–7 Babri Masjid mosque, 177, 180–1 ambiguity, 30, 83, 93, 103 Bailey, Michael, 16, 143 Ambon, 173 Banda, 174 Amin, Shahid, 106–7 Bangka, 175 Anderson, Jens, 3, 79, 129 Bangladesh, 178, 180, 181 Andreski, Stanislav, 145–6 Barnes, R. H., 169, 174–5 Angels of Mons, 198 Basel, massacre of Jews in, 146 Angus, 159–60 Bayly, Christopher, 107

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-80868-2 - Witchcraft, Sorcery, Rumors, and Gossip Pamela J. Stewart and Andrew Strathern Index More information

Index

belladonna, 141 Brison, Karen, 129–31, 192 Bemba, 60–2 Buginese, 172 Bengal, 177, 178 Burridge, Kenelm, 108 Bernard, Richard, 152 betrayal, 44, 197 Calcutta, 178, 181 Bharatiya Janata Party, 180, 181, 182 Cameroon, 13 Biak, 173–4 Campbell, John, 36 “bierricht,” 158 cannibal imagery, 6, 50–1, 73, 75; and bifurcated epistemology, 118 djambe, 78; and ideas about Bihar, 177, 178 Europeans, 81–6; in Mount Hagen, bin Laden, Osama, 111 114–19, 136, 147; among Hewa, 126;in birds of paradise, 6 European witchcraft, 150; in case of Black Death, 146, 147 Forfar witches, 160; and colonial Bleek, Wolf, 191 stereotypes, 172 blood: in vampire stories, 81–6; and capitalism, 75, 89–91, 94, 114, 123 pollution, 118 “cargo” ideas, 77, 87–8, 132–7 blood feud, 40 Carrier, James, 98 Bocage, 57 Carslaw, W. H., 15 Bode, Bernardus, 175 caste, 97, 101, 104 Bodin, Jean, 146, 153 Cathars, 15, 149 bodkins, 154 cemeteries, 69–70, 136; see also funeral body: social processes and, 73–76, 87, 88, practices 97, 99, 170; and pollution ideas, 104–5; Cewa,ˆ 10–11, 68, 79 and epidemiology, 122; and cannibal charity, 22–3 imagery, 170 Chaudhri, Anna, 92 body parts, theft of by witches, 68, 70; Chelmsford, 154 see also cannibal imagery child abuse, 87, 94–5, 189, 199–200 Bombay, 181 China, 88 Boquet, Henri, 150 Chittagong, 181 Borneo, 168, 172, 174 chisambe, 68 Bothwell, Fourth Earl of, 161 Christianity, 8–9, 10, 102; and theology Bothwell, Fifth Earl of, 161 of witchcraft, 14–15, 17, 142; and Bourdieu, Pierre, 104–5, 193 Catholic Church, 15, 19, 25, 85, 95, 142, Bowen, Elenore Smith (Laura 151, 155; and Calvinism, 15, 151; and Bohannan), 93 Presbyterian Church, 15; and Boyer, Paul, 164–7, 193 Anglican Church, 19, 154; and Brass, Paul, 180, 181, 182, 183 Lutheran Church, 25, 26, 117, 134–5, Brazil, 86–8 151; among Makah Indians, 33;in Brenneis, Donald, 54 New Guinea, 47, 125; in Africa, 65, 69,

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71, 77; among Ngoni, 69; and burial Conolly, M., 161 practices, 69–70, 175; and Zionist conspiracy theories, 104, 105, 109–10, 117, Church, 71; and Baptist Church, 77; 147, 196; and Pentecostalism, 200 and Watchtower movement, 85; and construction sacrifice, 168, 169, 173, John Maranke movement, 94; and 175–6 Eastern Orthodox Church, 109; and Cook, David, 161, 167 world’s end narratives, 119, 123–4, 135; Cornfoot, Janet, 160–1, 166–7 and divination, 125; among Kwanga, cosmos, 95, 115, 133, 199, 200 129; and “cargo” movements, 132–7; Covenanters, 160 and paganism in Europe, 140–1; and crime, 98–9 folk-healers, 142, 154; and Islam, Crittenden, Robert, 136 173–4; and Bible, in Gusii area, 187; Cromwell, Oliver, 154, 159 and Seventh Day Adventism, 188; and Csordas, Thomas, 122 Pentecostalism, 189, 190, 200; and “cunning folk,” 152, 153, 154, 165, 202 Assemblies of God, 190 cursing, 157–8 Church’s franchise, 48–9 Curzon, Lord, 177–8 cinquefoil, 141 civil war, in England, 154; in Scotland, dacoits, 98 160 Daemonologie, 19, 156 Clark, Stuart, 161 Danbury, 153 Cohn, Norman, 149 Darnley, Lord, 161 Colombo, 185 Das, Veena, 182–3 colonial change, 12–13, 62, 63–4, 71, 75, Davidson, Hilda, 92 196; and vampire stories, 81–6;inthe Davies, Norman, 15 British Raj, 96–106; in Papua New Davies, O., 152 Guinea, 113–14, 120; in Pangia, 120–2; Dayaks, 172, 173 in Duna, 124–5; and “cargo” De lamiis, 143 movements, 132–7; in Indonesia, death squads, 88 168–77; in India, 177–83; among Gusii, definitions, of witchcraft and sorcery, 186, 191 1–2, 6 Colson, Elizabeth, 33–5 delatores, 100–1 Columbus, Christopher, 145 Delhi, 101 Comaroff, Jean, 75–6, 91, 92–3, 94, 174, Demos, John, 165 191 Denmark, 161 Comaroff, John, 75–6, 91, 174, 191 Device, Alizon, 18 community, definition of, 201 Devil, the, 13, 16, 19, 20, 24;asElT´ıo, 4, concealed meanings, 130 58, 93; and the plague, 24, 147; and confessions, 52, 62, 125, 147, 150, 158, sexuality, 26, 150; and 9/11/2001, 46; 159–60; see also torture and Procter and Gamble, 46–7; and

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Devil (cont.) madness, 120–1; of assault sorcery, witchcraft, 59–60, 123–4, 142, 145–51, 121–2; among Duna, 126 156–62; in theme of occult economies, “epidemiology of representations,” 127 89–91; and child abuse, 95; and Ershad, President, 180–1 world’s end, 119, 123, 124, 135; and Essex, England, xiii, 21–3, 152–6, 201, 202 folk-healers, 142, 154; and the Black Essex County, Massachusetts, 165 Death, 147; as instigator of violence, ethnicity, 47, 60, 68; and headhunting, 152; in Salem witchcraft, 162, 164;as 169, 170; and violence, 172, 173–4, source of jealousy, 190;ascorrupter, 181–2; emergence of, 183 196; and child abuse, 199 Europe, xi, xiii, 5, 8, 13–28, 117; see also Diana, 141 names of specific countries Dido, 53 European Union, 109 diviners, 11, 63, 125–6, 187, 202 Evans-Pritchard, Edward E., 2–3, 8, djambe, 78–81, 115 65–6, 79 Doctor Moses, 71–2 Ewe, 189 Doob, Leonard, 44 exploitation, 74, 75, 87, 113 Douglas, Arthur, 157 Douglas, Mary, xi, 3, 50–1, 122–40 Favret-Saada, Jeanne, 57 Drake, R. A., 169 Feldman-Savelsberg, Pamela, 197 du Boulay, Juliet, 56, 57 fertility, 64, 70, 133 Duiker, William, 149 Fife, 156, 160–1 Dumfries, 159 firemen, 84 Duna, 68, 75, 124–5, 188 Firth, Raymond, 54 Dutch colonialism, 170, 172, 174 Flores, 168, 169–70 folk-healers (Europe), 142, 152–6, 166; East Lothian, 158–9 (Africa), 188 East Timor, 173 Forbes, Thomas, 26, 145 Eastern Europe, 156 Forfar, 159–60 ecstasy, 141 Formicarius, the, 149 El T´ıo, 4, 58, 93 Forth, Gregory, 173 Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 20, 94 France, 43, 75, 85, 141; see also names of Ellen, Roy, 3 specific places Ellis, Bill, 200 Fretilin, 173 emechendo, 187 Fribourg, 146 England, 99; see also names of specific Friuli (N. Italy), 141 places Fuller, Thomas, 153 Eni, Emmanuel, 189–90 funeral practices, 69–70, 79, 98, 173, epidemics, 7, 75; of cannibalism, 114–19; 175–6 and witchcraft/sorcery, 119–23;of Fussell, Paul, 198–9

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Gandhi, Mahatma, 106–7, 178 Hatty, James, 146 Gandhi, Rajiv, 180 Hatty, Suzanne, 146 Garnier, Jean-Pierre, 78 Hausa, 73 gender, witchcraft and, 22, 24–7, 68; and Haviland, John, 5, 56 mourning, 70; and change, 93; among headhunting, 168, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174 Duna, 126; among Hewa, 128;in hemlock, 141 Europe, 142–3, 144, 149, 154; in Essex, henbane, 141 154; in Scotland, 157–8; among Gusii, Henningsen, Gustav, 141, 156 186–91 Henry VIII, King of England, 19, 20 George, Kenneth, 169–70 herbs, 141–2 Germany, 25–6; and sexual fantasies, 25; heresy, witchcraft and, 16 and anal themes, 26; and Stasi files, Herodias, 141 39; and spy story, 44; and story of Herskovits, Melville, 31–2 rendering down battlefield corpses, Hewa, 126–8 199; see also names of specific places hierarchy, 97, 113 Geschiere, Peter, xiii, 13, 59, 76–81, 92 Hindus, 101–6 Ghana, 190, 191; see also Ewe Hopkins, Matthew, 154 Ghosh, Anjan, 177–83 Hoskins, Janet, 170–1, 172, 173 Gifford, George, 22, 153 Howie, John, 15 gift-economy, 115, 123 Ginzburg, Carlo, 8, 117, 141, 147, 148 India, 96–106, 177–83; partition of, 177 globalization, 60, 93, 94, 166;ofthe Indian Mutiny, 101–6, 196 Assemblies of God, 190 Indian National Congress Party, 178, 180 Gluckman, Max, 9–10; theory of gossip Indonesia, 168–76 of, 12, 30–5, 83, 182, 191, 200–1 Innocent VIII, Pope, 143–4 Goldman, Laurence, 114 Inquisitions, 15, 23, 144, 147, 151 goonda, 178, 181 intergenerational conflict, 67–72, 187–91 Granada, King of, 147 Irian Jaya (West Papua), 172, 173–4 greed, 67, 68, 74, 75, 78–9, 114, 123 Islam, in Nigeria, 75;inIrianJaya,173–4; Greece, 56, 57, 109, 110; see also Ambeli´ in India, 177–83; in Bangladesh, 180–1 Guha, Ranajit, 96–106, 108, 171, 182 Gusii, 186–91 Jaffna Peninsula, 185 Guthrie, Helen, 160 James, VI and I, King of Scotland and England, 19, 20, 156 habitus, 104 jealousy, 12, 66, 68, 73, 74, 75, 77, 81, 189, Hacking, Ian, 199–200 191 hallucinogens, 141 Jews, 82, 110, 146, 147, 148 hamartia, 197 jihad, in Bangladesh, 178, 180–1;in Hatfield Peverel, 22 Calcutta, 179

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Jimi Valley, 123 Kwahu, 191 joking, 110 Kwanga, 129–31, 192 Jones, Gareth, 199 La Fontaine, Jean, 200 Kala Bachcha, 182 Lamalera, 175–6 Kalashnikovs, 181 Lambek, Michael, 8, 92, 94–5, 202 Kalauna, 131 Lancashire (Pendle), 18 Kalymnos, 110 Larner, Christina, 90, 94, 156–62, 165, kanaima`, 122 166, 192 Kanpur, 181 Laskar Jihad, 174 Kapferer, Bruce, 92, 185 Lawrence, Peter, 132, 134–5, 136 Kapferer, Jean-Noel,¨ 44, 46–8, 75, Layer Marney, 153 103 lepers, 146, 147, 148 Kaplan, Martha, 108 Lessinger, Johanna, 183 Karam, 122–3 Levack, Brian, 20–1, 23–4, 26, 151 Kashmir, 180 LiPuma, Edward, 117 Kenya, 186–91 literacy, power of, 186–7 Kilsyth, battle of, 160 Loch Ken, 159 kinship and marriage, 10–11, 18–20, 25, Lollards, 15 69, 73; and witchcraft in Cameroon, Lom, 175 78–9, 80, 197; among Murambinda, London, 199 79; in India, 98; in Scotland, 157;in Lord Ram, 180 Salem Village, 165; among Gusii, Lugbara (Uganda), 85 187–91 Kirkcudbrightshire, 158–9 Macdonald, Stuart, 161 Kirriemuir, 160 Macfarlane, Alan, xiii, 9, 20–3, 152–6, Klees, Fredric, 164 165, 201 Knauft, Bruce, 117, 120 Mackay, Charles, 153 knowledge, as rumor, 202 Macmurdoch, Janet, 158–60 Kopon, 116 Madang, 132, 134–5 kopong, 114 Madurese, 172 Korowai, 121 magic, 14, 78;asappropriationof Kors, Alan, 142, 143 life-force, 175, 176; see also “cunning Kosovo, 109, 110, 182 folk”; diviners; folk-healers; ritual Kraemer, Heinrich, 24, 143, 144–5 experts Ku Klux Klan, 48 Magnusson, Magnus, 161 Kulke, Hermann, 101 Mair, Lucy, 2, 10, 11, 93–4 kum (kom)ˆ , 74, 114–19, 122, 131, 187 Maka (Cameroon), 77–81, 115 kum koimb, 114–19, 122 Makah Indians, 33–5

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malaria, 84 moral panic, 119, 170, 173, 185, 200;as Maldon, 152 “rumor panics,” 200 maleﬁcium, 2, 14, 16, 156, 162 Mosko, Mark, 128 Malleus maleﬁcarum, 24–6, 143–4, 190 Mount Hagen, 74, 75, 103, 114–22, 131, Maluku, 173, 174 134, 139 mandrake, 141 Mozambique, 192 Manningtree, 154 mucapi “medicine,” 61, 62 Maring, 122, 131 Mueda plateau, 192 mark of the Beast (666), 47 Mughal, 102, 180 Marwick, Max, xi, 10–11, 59, 79, 156, mumiani, 81–2 184 mungoma, 63–4 Marxist interpretation, 99, 105 Munsterberg,¨ Hugo, 52 Mary Queen of Scots, 161 Murambinda, 79 Mather, Cotton, 163, 164, 165, 166 Murray, Margaret, 117, 140–1 maua˜ , 120–1 music, 100 Mauss, Marcel, 18 Muslim League, 178, 179 meadow salsify, 141 Muslims, 101–6, 173–4 medicalization, 87 Myers, Fred, 54 “medicines,” 61–2, 68, 70, 71 Mekeo, 126 Ndembu, 11–12 Melpa, see Mount Hagen neighbors, accused of witchcraft, 23–4, Meyer, Birgit, 190 155, 158–9 Middleton, John, 3, 85 Neuendettelsau, 117 midwives, 26, 142, 144 New England, 162–7 Milosevic, Slobodan, 109 New Guinea, see Papua New Guinea mirrors, 61, 71, 152 New York Times, 86 misogyny, 145 nganga (ng’ anga), 62, 69, 78 missionaries, and conversion, 102, 105, Ngoni, 72 123 Nider, Johannes, 149 missions, see Christianity Niehaus, Izak, 62–4, 65, 66 modernity, as concept, 5, 75; and Nigeria, 93 witchcraft, 76–81, 93, 191–2 nightshade, 141 Moi, Daniel arap, 191 Nissenbaum, Stephen, 164–7, 193 monetization, 73, 82 Nutini, Hugo, 7–8 Montenegro, 40 Moore, Henrietta, 73, 91 occult economies, 75–6, 165 Moore, Sally Falk, 90, 108 Ogembo, Justus, 186–91 moral imagination, 4, 62; and collapse O’Hanlon, Michael, 44 of world, 94–5 Oksapmin, 125

223

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oracles, 66, 153 pren-kros, 84 ordeals, 158 processual analysis, xi–xii, 27–8, 36–7 organs, human, 68, 70; in vampire Procter and Gamble, 46–7 stories, 81–6; international trade in, prophets, 61, 94, 105–6, 107–8, 154 86–9, 171; theft of, 86–9 prostitutes, 25, 82; see also sexuality Orissa, 177, 178 Protestant Reformation, 20, 25–6, 151, “Orly,” 55, 103 192; see also Christianity osculum infame, 14, 150 Puritanism, 155 Purleigh, 153 “paciﬁcation,” 118, 171–2 Paine, Robert, 35–7, 191, 200–1 quoll, 116 Pakistan, 178, 183 Pangia: types of sorcery in, 6–7; and race relations, in vampire stories, 81–6 colonial change, 120–2 Radin, Paul, 31 Papua New Guinea, xiii, 12, 18, 51, 68, Ramzan, month of, 179 80–1, 84, 185; Pangia area in, 6–7; Rapport, Nigel, 5 Wahgi area in, 44; Highlands area in, Reebok, 49–50 55; Mount Hagen, 74, 75; “cargo” resistance, 4; and spirit beings, 176–7 ideas in, 77, 88, 107–8; millennial revenge, 23, 40, 123, 188, 193 rumors in, 103; see also names of reversals, 198 speciﬁc peoples and places Rhodesia, 9, 10, 11–12, 60–2 patriarchy, 25 Richards, Audrey, 60–2, 65 Pearl Harbor, 41, 44 Riebe, Inge, 122–3 peasant revolts, 96–106 riots, 101; between Muslims and Pendle witches, 18, 157 Christians (Indonesia), 173; between Pennsylvania Dutch, 164 Hindus and Muslims (India), 177–83; Peters, Edward, 142, 143 between Sinhalese and Tamils (Sri Philip V, King of France, 147 Lanka), 183–6; in nineteenth-century pisai, 126 London, 199 Pittenweem, 160 ritual experts, 62, 115–17, 118, 152, 154, 202; plague, in Europe, 23–4, 145–6 see also “cunning folk”; diviners; folk- poison, 14, 26, 64, 69, 70, 146, 147, 148, healers 179, 185 rivers, 118 politicians, 75–81, 197 Robbins, Joel, 73 pollution fears, xi, xiii, 26, 72, 101–6, Roberts, Jack, 7 146–7, 196 Robinson, Enders, 164 polygyny, 10–11, 79–80, 188, 189 ronang¨ wamb, 136–7 Postman, Leo, 40–3, 101, 171, 183 Roper, Lyndal, 25–6, 142 postmodernity, 191 Rosnow, Ralph, 37

224

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Rothermund, Dietmar, 101 transactionalist (Paine), 35–7; and gift Rowlands, Michael, 78 theory, 37; and scandal, 39; and rumor and gossip, cases, ix–xiv, 27–8;in “truth,” 39, 42, 44, 45–6, 52, 75, 102, Zinacantan, 5; among Ndembu, 11;in 195; social-psychological (Allport and Pendle, 20, 21; in Scotland, 21, 156–62; Postman), 40–3, (Shibutani), 43–4, in Essex, 23, 152–6; in Augsburg, 26;in (Kapferer), 44–7; and urban legend Trinidad, 31–2; among Makah, 34–5; (P. Turner), 47–51; historical survey of as urban legend, in U.S., 47–51;in (Neubauer), 52–4; and globalization, work of Hesiod, 52–3; in Virgil’s 60; as political tool, 78, 85;in Aeneid, 53–4; in Tikopia, 54; in Papua contemporary contexts, 92; as “news,” New Guinea, 55, 108, 114–19, 120;in 99–101, 102–3, 107, 195; and conspiracy Ambeli,´ 56–7; among Bemba, 61;in theory, 104, 105, 109–10; and politics, Transvaal, 64–5, 67; among Ngoni, 72; 109–11; and epidemiology, 119, 122, in Cameroon, 77, 78, 80;in 124; diving rumors, 170–1, 173;as Zimbabwe, 79; in East Africa, 82–3, political instruments, 174, 193;stock, 85; in Brazil, 86–8; and child abuse, contingent, etc., 179–80, 181, 185; 87, 95; in India, 99–101; in Indian joining local and global, 182;in Mutiny, 101–6; and the millennium, sharpening ethnic identity, 183; 103; in Uttar Pradesh, 106; in “cargo” redirection of choices by, 185; and contexts, 108; in Mount Hagen, fluidity, 192; generative of stereotypes, 114–19, 136–7; in Pangia, 120;inDuna 192; conclusions regarding, 194–203; area, 124–5, 126; among Hewa, 127–8; and uncertainty, 195; in mobilization, among Kwanga, 129–31; in Kalauna, 196; as vehicles of interpretation, 198; 131; in “cargo cults,” 132–7; regarding rumor panics, 200; as universal Jews and lepers, 148; regarding substratum of process, 203 poison, 148; on lycanthropy, 149;in Russell, Jeffrey, 162 European witch-hunts, 151;inSalem Rwanda, 70 Village, 162–7; in Flores, 169; throughout Indonesia, 173;inIrian Sabaragamura Province, 183 Jaya, 173–4; in Eastern Indonesia, sabbat, 14, 150, 161, 162 174–7; and theft of babies, 175;in sacerdotal mediation, 105 India, 177–83; in Calcutta riots, 181–2; sacrifice, 116, 136–7, 168, 172, 176–7;of in Sri Lanka, 183–6; among Gusii, pigs, in Mount Hagen, 202; see also 190–1; among Kwahu, 191;inWorld construction sacrifice War I, 198–9;inLondon,199; and Salem Village, 162–7; and battles with Satanic abuse, 200; in academia, 201 indigenes, 163–4; economic rumor and gossip, theories, 29–30; conditions in, 163, 165; and functionalist (Gluckman), 30–5, “jeremiads,” 163–4; conflict in, 164–7; (Boehm), 40, (Campbell), 56; vengeance in, 193

225

Index

Sanders, Andrew, 10–13, 14–18 smeddum, 157–8 Sanders, Todd, 73, 91 social class, 60; and zombies, 66; among Sarakatsani, 36–7, 56–7 Ngoni, 67–8; among Hausa, 74;in Satan, see Devil Brazil, 87; in India, 99; in Papua New Sawny Bean, 51 Guinea, 133 Scandinavia, 156 social dramas, 4, 5, 9, 12; as ritual, 16 Scharlau, Fiona, 159–60 socialism, 199 Scheper-Hughes, Nancy, 86–9, 92 “sorcery in the gift,” 115 Schieffelin, Edward, 136 soul-eating, 75 Schmoll, Pamela, 73–4, 75 Spencer, Jonathan, 183–6 Scot, Reginald, 152–3, 154 Sperber, Dan, 122 Scotland, 15, 19, 24, 90, 94, 141 Spielvogel, Jackson, 149 September 11, 2001, 45–6, 110–11, 195 spies, 44, 101 Serbia, 109 Spillius, James, 54 sexuality, witchcraft and, 24–7, 48–9, 69, Sprenger, Jacob, 24, 143, 144–5 75; and rape imagery, 124; and Sri Lanka, 183–6, 187 seduction, 125, 190;inmedieval Stasch, Rupert, 121 Europe, 142; according to Malleus Stasi, 39 maleﬁcarum, 144–5; in sixteenth- Steadman, Lyle, 126–7 century Europe, 150; in seventeenth- Stearne, John, 154 century Europe, 154 Stephen, Michele, 126, 128 shamanic traditions, 141 Stewart, Pamela J., 47, 74, 81, 103, 114, shame, 184 118, 119, 122, 134, 135, 136, 149, 154, Shibutani, Tamotsu, 43–4, 102–3 168 shipwreck, 160, 161 Strathern, Andrew, 47, 74, 81, 103, 114, Shouters, 31 118, 119, 120, 122, 134, 135, 136, 149, 154, sickness and misfortune, 2, 6, 7, 8, 12, 22; 168 and plague, 23–4, 146, 147, 157; and Strauss, Hermann, 115–17, 136–7 soul-eaters, 73–4; among Maka, 79; Strickland River, 125 and theft of organs, 86, 87; and kum suicide, in Sri Lanka, 184 stones, 116; in Pangia, 122; and Sulawesi, 169–70 syphilis, 145–6; and lepers, 146–7;in Summers, Montague, 19, 144 Scotland, 157; among Gusii, 187–91; Sutton, David, 110 and divination, in Mount Hagen, syphilis, 145, 146 202 Sidky, H., 143, 144, 146, 149, 151, 154 Taliban, 111 Sikhs, 180 tambaran, 129 Simpson, Jacqueline, 152 Tamil Tigers, 183–4, 185 slavery, 66, 162, 172 Tangu, 108

226

Index

Tangupane, 120–1 vaccination programs, 197 Tanzania, 84 vampire narratives, 13, 102; in East Taussig, Michael, 4, 93 Africa, 81–6;inMalawi,86;in Taylor, Christopher, 70–1 Indonesia, 175; tenants, 96, 97, 157, 158–9 Vellore mutiny, 105 Tenna, 183 violence, 90–1, 97–8, 99, 101, 166; the “terror,” 24, 87, 98, 151, 171–2, 178, 192, Devil as cause of, 152; and rumor, 195 168–93, 195; and Indonesian military, textualization, 106 176; Hindu-Muslim, 177–83;inGreat thaumaturgic powers, 106 Calcutta Killing, 177–80, 181–2;as Thaxted, 153 political tool, 183; vicarious interest Thomas, Keith, 13, 106, 156 in, 184; party politics and, 184–5; and Thomas, Nicholas, 113 mythology, 185; as sequential process, Tikopia, 54 186; among Gusii, 186–91; conditions Tischner, Herbert, 115–17 producing, 191; as result of Tituba, 162 psychological projections, 194 Tiv, 93 Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro), 53–4, tjoelik, 174 111–12 Tlaxcala, 6–7 Vishnu, 180 tokolose, 63–4 torture, 149, 150, 158, 164 Waldensians, 15, 149 transnational themes, 81–6, 86–8; and water parsnips, 141 occult economies, 89–91 Watson, W., 3 Transvaal (South Africa), 62–4 wazimamoto, 82, 83 Trevor-Roper, Hugh, 156 wealth, 133 Trinidad, 31–2 Weiner, Annette, 74 tsuwake, 125 West, Harry, 192 Turner, Patricia, 48–51, 60 White, Luise, 13, 81–6, 92, 124, 182 Turner, Victor, 4, 9, 60, 156, 184; see also Whitehead, Neil, 122 social dramas wild celery, 141 Willis, Deborah, 142 ugauga, 126 Winter, E., 3 uncertainty, 8, 110; see also ambiguity; Wiru, 120–1; see also Pangia moral panic witch-hunts, 5; in Scotland, 20–21, United States, 24, 46–51; see also Salem 156–62;inEurope,26, 149, 151; among Village Bemba, 61–2; in Transvaal, 62–74; urban legends, 42, 46, 47–51, 77, 89, 171; among Ngoni, 67–72; among Hewa, vampire narratives as, 81–6 126–7; in Essex, 152–6; in Salem, Uttar Pradesh, 101–6, 107, 180, 181 162–6; among Gusii, 186–91

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witch trials, xii, 5, 13–14, 18–20; and accusations against Jews, 148; and transition to secular courts, 20;at lycanthropy, 149; in East Lothian, moots among Duna, 125–6; among 158–9;inForfar,159–60;in Hewa, 126–7; among Maring, 131;in Pittenweem, 160;inLochKen,158; Europe, 149, 151; in Essex, 152–6;in involving King James VI, 161;in Scotland, 156–62; in Salem, 162–7 Salem Village, 162–7; in Sri Lanka, witchcraft/sorcery, cases, ix–xiv; in 184; among Gusii, 186–91; among Essex, England, xiii, 21–3, 25, 27, Kwahu, 191; in Mozambique, 192 152–6; among Azande, 2, 8, 65;in witchcraft statutes, 20, 149–50, 156 Pangia, 6–7; in Tlaxcala, 7–8;in World Trade Center, 46, 111; see also Europe, 8–9, 13, 26, 151, 152–6; among September 11, 2001 Cewa,ˆ 10–11; among Ndembu, 11–12; World War I, 198–9 in Lancashire, England, 18–20, 27;in World War II, 40–1, 43 Scotland, 21, 156–62; in Augsburg, 26, Worsley, Peter, 108, 132 142; in Trinidad, 31; in academia, Wyclif, John, 15 55–6, 189, 201; among Bemba, 60–2, 72, 189, 201; in Transvaal, 62–5; Y2K, 135 among Ngoni, 67–72, 187; among Young, Michael, 131 Hausa, 73;inCameroon,76–81;in vampire narratives, 81–6; in Mount Zambia, 9, 60, 67 Hagen, 114–19; in Karam, 122–3; zamindar, 179 among Duna, 125–6; in Oksapmin, Zanzibar, 82 125;inMekeo,126; among Hewa, Zimbabwe, 79 126–8; among Kwanga, 129–31; among Zinacantan, 5 Maring, 131; and syphilis, 145; and zombies, 62–3, 77

228