1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 11161 such lands where such lands are not required By Mr. FERNANDEZ: shall be referred to the United States Court for public purposes, including public recrea­ H. R. 12009. A bill for the relief of Richard of Claims; to the Committee on the Judiciary. tional use; to the Committee on Public J. Aranjo Rodriguez, Roberto Rodriguez, Works. Cecilia Rodriguez, and Basilio Rodriguez; to By Mr. DAVIDSON: the Committee on Ways and Means. PETITIONS, ETC. H.J. Res. 663. Joint resolution to establish By Mr. HAGEN: the 12th day of April as National Health Day; H. R. 12010. A bill for . the relief of Jesus Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions to the Committee on the Judiciary. Marie Ambriz; to the Committee on the Judi­ and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk By Mr. SELDEN: ciary. and referred as follows: H. J. Res. 664. Joint resolution to amend By Mr. JONES of Missouri: 1167. By Mr. NORBLAD: Petition of Carl the joint resolution providing for member­ H. R. 12011. A bill for the relief of Diego E. Lehrer and 19 other citizens of the State ship and participation by the United States Moncada; to the Committee o,;i the Judiciary. of Oregon, urging the passage of legislation in the American International Institute for By Mr. McCARTHY: to prohibit the transportation of alcoholic the Protection of Childhood and authorizing H. R. 12012. A bill for the relief of Mrs. beverage advertising in interstate commerce, an appropriation therefor; to the Committee Patricia Joyner Altenbach; to the Committee and its broadcasting over the air; to the Com­ on Foreign Affairs. on the Judiciary. mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. VAN ZANDT: By Mr. MORANO: 1168. Also, petition of Mrs. Alice F. Sauer­ H.J. Res. 665. Joint resolution to establish H. R. 12013. A bill for the relief of Miss wein and 19 other citizens of Salem, Oreg .• a Commission to appraise the progress and Hedwig Dora; to the Committee on the Judi­ urging the passage of legislation to prohibit direction of the nuclear electric power pro­ ciary. the transportation of alcoholic beverage ad­ gram of the United States of America; to the By Mr. WIGGLESWORTH: vertising in interstate commerce, and its Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. H. R. 12014. A bill for the relief of Martin broadcasting over the air; to the Committee A. Mastandrea; to the Committee on the on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Judiciary. 1169. Also, petition of Russell A. Peterson PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS By Mr. YOUNG: and 25 other citizens of the State of Oregon Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private H. R. 12015. A bill for the relief of Emil urging immediate enactment of a separate bills and resolutions were introduced ·and Reineke; to the Committee on the Judiciary. and liberal pension program for veterans of World War I and their widows and orphans; severally referred as follows: By Mr. PRESTON: to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. By Mr. BLATNIK: H.J. Res. 666. Joint resolution to author­ 1170. By Mr. BUSH: Petition of 174 mem­ H. R. 12007. A bill for the relief of Taiml ize the Secretary of Commerce to sell one bers and friends of Sgt. Reginald Vought Maria Erkkila; to the Committee on the war-built cargo vessel, and for other pur­ Post, No. 821, Veterans of Foreign Wars, Ber­ Judiciary. poses; to the Committee on Merchant Marine wick, Pa., urging immediate enactment of a By Mr. CLARK: and Fisheries. separate and liberal pension program !or vet­ H. R. 12008. A bill for the relief of Toshiko By Mr. BOYLE: erans of World War I and their widows and Tejima Powers; to the Committee on the H. Res. 562. Resolution providing that the orphans; to the Committee on Veterans• Judiciary. bill, H. R. 6185, and all accompanying papers Affairs.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARl

April 12: National Health Day The resolution which I have today saved from a crippling disease. The introduced, for appropriate reference in discovery of the Salk vaccine is perhaps the House, would set aside the 12th day EXTENSION OF REMARKS the outstanding health contri-bution of of April of each year for the purpose our lifetime, and the day upon whicn OF of a public dedication in the never-end­ the Francis report was issued will serve HON. IRWIN D. DAVIDSON ing struggle for improvement in our Na­ as a constant reminder of the great tion's health. It would invite the strides that can be made by scientific OF NEW YORK medical profession, the press, and all research to eliminate the as yet uncon­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES agencies and individuals interested in quered illnesses of man. Wednesday, June 27, 1956 the national program to unite in a con­ These two reasons, then, would indi­ certed effort to impress upon the people cate that the 12th day of April is, indeed, Mr. DAVIDSON. Mr. Speaker, I have the necessity and the value of our Federal the proper day for the observance of a today introduced a joint resolution call­ Government's interest in national health. National Health Day. ing for the establishment of the 12th The reasons for the designation of the I respect!ully request the support of day of April of each year as National 12th day of April are rather simple. In each Member of the House for the reso­ Health Day. We have witnessed in the the first place, that day is the birthdate lution which I have introduced. past few decades the increasing interest of our late President, Franklin Delano of the Federal Government in the im­ Roosevelt, who, perhaps more than any provement of the health of all of our other President in our Nation's history, citizens and in the elimination of disease. oriented our thinking and our efforts to State Sedition Statutes The war which is constantly being waged the need for a national health program. against the destructive diseases which The crippling paralysis from which he afflict both the mind and the body is, I suffered was well known to everyone in EXTENSION OF REMARKS am sure, the only war, be it hot or cold, the world. His personal interest and his OF which honestly commends itself to the efforts to eliminate the dread disease, hearts, souls, and minds not only of the infantile paralysis, caused him to found HON. DANTE B. FASCELL people of this Nation but of the peoples the National Foundation for Infantile OF FLORIDA of the world. The continual struggle to Paralysis. The annual March of Dimes IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES conquer the many dire illnesses and dis­ is not only a yearly drive to aid the Wednesday, June 27, 1956 eases to which man is still subject is the foundation, but acts also as a memorial greatest battle remaining for man to his memory and to his ability to lead Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, I have against nature. a useful and dedicated public life despite today introduced a bill which would re­ We have, not only in the United States his affliction. store to the States authority to enforce but elsewhere in the world, vast resources In the second place, the 12th day of their State sedition statutes. of people skilled and trained in scientific April became the day on which the en­ I was privileged to be a member of the research, investigation and analysis and tire world was informed of the results Florida State Legislature when that body the utilization of those resources is still of a study made on the effect of the use enacted the Subversive Activities Act in required to aid in the conquest of disease. of the Salk vaccine in the reduction, 1953. I supported and voted for this In addition, vast sums of money together and perhaps eventually the elimination, measure because I felt that it was a. with nationwide and worldwide correla­ of paralytic polio. The contribution proper field of legislation for a State. tion of experimental data and progress which Dr. Salk has made to our Nation's Every State and all the citizens within are needed to supply the weapons for the health cannot be measured-each of us its borders have a major interest in op­ successful conquest of disease. knows that countless children have been p,osing any activity which -is designed .11162 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 27 ceremony at the Library of Congress "Over 20 million o! the present population to overthrow or destroy our constitu­ of the United States, counting all ages and tional form of government. Our Florida honoring the late Senator Daniel Wolsey both sexes, are engaged in the cultivation of law makes it a felony for any person to Voorhees, of Indiana. The ceremony, the soil, and on their productive labor, not knowingly and willfully participate in and the presentation of a plaque to the only the Government itself leans for support, any way in such activity and prescribes Library in honor of the contributions but also all other classes of citizens derive a fine of not more than $20,000 or im­ made to the Library by Senator Voorhees, from the same source their prosperity, their prisonment for not less than 1 year nor was arranged by my friends and fell ow wealth, and, too often, their profuse and more than 20 years, or both. Member­ townsmen, the Business and Professional criminal luxuries." Women's Club of Covington, Ind. Sev­ The remedies of his time for the inequi­ ship in a subversive organization carriES ties that he saw are not our remedies, but the penalty of not more than $5,000 or eral of the club's officers and members he believed with us that a healthy and pros­ imprisonment of not less than 1 year nor were here for the presentation, and I perous agriculture must be at the base of more than 5 years, or both. Persons know you will join with me in bidding any sound economic structure. convicted of subversive activities are pro­ them welcome to our Nation's Capital. 'Senator Voorhees' championship of "the hibited from filing for or holding public Following are my remarks in connec­ farmers and other over-taxed and underpaid office or of voting in any election. The tion with the ceremony in honor of Sen­ laborers of the United States," as he called them, went hand in hand with another kind attorney general of the State, all prose­ ator Voorhees and the inspiring remarks of advocacy which it does not always, or cuting attorneys, the secretary of state, of the Honorable K. M. LECOMPTE, Rep­ perhaps even often, accompany. Through­ and all law-enforcement officers of the resentative from Iowa, member of the out his career this graduate of a frontier State have the duty and authority to en­ Joint Committee on the Library of Con­ college and of a small-town law office dis­ force this law. gress: played an unsurpassed zeal for the things As we all know, the recent Supreme ADDRESS BY MRS. HARDEN of the mind. Few practical statesmen of his Court decision in the Nelson case decreed We have gathered here today to honor the own or any other day, of his own or any that because the Congress enacted the memory of a great son of Indiana, and a great other country, have possessed so clear an American, who died nearly 60 years ago, but understanding of the whole sweep of the Smith Act of 1940, the Internal Security civilized tradition, and of the importance o! Act of 1950, and the Communist Control whose works live after him, and nowhere more visibly than in this main building of the human mind in social progress. ·He was Act of 1954, the Federal Government had the Library o! Congress. This man is Daniel a firm supporter of natural science and the a dominant interest in the legislative Wolsey Voorhees, who entered Congress on increase of human power which it makes field of sedition which precluded the en­ the day that Abraham Lincoln became Presi­ possible. . But, as he exhorted the literary forceability of the Pennsylvania Sedition dent of the United States, and represented societies of the University of Missouri in Act, thereby nullifying every State stat­ Indiana in the House for 9 years, and in the 1874: "No man can properly understand and Senate for 20. appreciate the present without correct in­ ute dealing with seditious activity. This formation of the past. Combine, therefore, decision constitutes an unwarranted and A fitting memorial to this statesman has as far as possible, the practical and useful unnecessary invasion of the rights of the been a long-time dream of my friends and ideas of your brilliant age with a full knowl­ State of Florida. neighbors, the Business and Professional edge of the various developments of the I do not believe it was the intent of Women's Club, of Covington, Ind. The human races in other ages and under dif­ great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers ferent circumstances." Congress in enacting legislation dealing of many of them were the friends and neigh­ with subversive activities, to give to the bors of Daniel Voorhees and his family when It was for this triple purpose--the main­ Federal Government exclusive jurisdic­ he was growing up and when he was entering tenance of tradition, of scientific progress, on his distinguished career. and of civilization itself-that he stood out tion over the prosecution of those who among the statesmen of his day as a friend are engaged in such activity within our Daniel Voorhees was born, not in Indiana, of the Library of Congress. During his 20 country, thereby depriving the States of but not far from it--in Butler County, Ohio, years in the Senate, Daniel Voorhees sought all authority to enforce their sedition whose western boundary is the Indiana State unceasingly to obtain for this Library the laws. line. He was still a mere child when his physical setting in which its huge potenti­ parents brought him to Fountain County alities might be realized, as they could not The Attorney General of the United and settled on a farm in Van Buren Town­ States states there is no conflict from possibly be in the cramped and crowded ship about 10 miles from the county seat, quarters of the Capitol. The end may well the standpoint of administering Federal Covington. When he entered college in remind us of the Old Testament story: Like and State law. The United States At­ 1845, he went only some 57 miles southeast Moses, Daniel Voorhees was vouchsafed a torney General is of the opinion that this of Covington, to Greencastle in Putnam sight of the Promised Land, but he might dual jurisdiction allows for a beneficial County, where Indiana Asbury University not enter and possess it. In the spring of and necessary degree of flexibility in was located, or DePauw, as it is now called. 1897, this building in which we stand-the When he entered the office of a law firm for new library building-was rapidly nearing meeting the crises of the present and of his professional training, he chose the part­ the future in the field of subversive ac­ completion, and on April 10 the transfer of nership of Lane & Wilson in Crawfordsville, the special collection presented by Dr. Joseph tivities. Ind., less than 30 miles east of Covington. M. Toner, which had been in storage, was It certainly seems to me that the ever­ In April 1850, well before his 23d birthday, begun. On July 24 Congress adjourned, and increasing congestion of the Federal he was ready to hang out his shingle as a on the last day of the month the old Capitol docket would make cooperation and par­ young attorney, and he hung it out in Cov­ Library was closed forever, and the mass ticipation in this type of court action ington, where he practiced for the next 7 transfer of the collections to this building on the part of the States not only feasi­ years. was begun. On November 1, 1897, the new ble, but judicious. If court actions on By 1857 he was ready for a larger sphere o! Library of Congress opened for service. Dan­ sedition charges can be expedited by action and transferred his law office to Terre iel Voorhees could not be there to see it. Haute, some 60 miles south of Covington but, His health had been failing for several years, means of proper prosecution by a State, like it, on the left bank of the lovely Wabash and on April 10-the very day on which the the Federal Government which is both River, and still within my Sixth Congres­ transfer of the Toner collection began-he the individual State and the Nation, will sional District. Four years later he went on had died at his home, a stone's throw away come that much closer to effectively to Washington, but to us he has always been on Maryland Avenue, and he was. buried be­ meting out full justice to those who seek a Covington man, who left our farm county side the Wabash in Terre Haute. to overthrow or destroy it. for the world of larger towns and cities and Although Senator Voorhees himself could the stage of national politics. never be in this building, yet his hopes, his If we did not forget him, still less did he aspirations, and his efforts over m any years forget us. All through the 30 years follow­ were focussed here, and this building owes ing the Civil War, Daniel Voorhees spoke and its existence in large measure to him. It is Daniel Wolsey Voorhees acted in the interest of the dirt farmers only fitting, however, that he should be from whom he sprang-the men who took commemorated here, and we women of Cov­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS over from the buffalo and the Indian, cleared ington have arranged a simple memorial, OF the ground, and first brought it under culti­ such as we believe Senator Voorhees him­ vation. During those three decades, the Na­ self would have approved, to signify and HON. CECIL M. HARDEN tion's economic development went forward perpetuate the record of his relationship to at an immensely accelerated pace, but it was this great establishment which has so fully OF INDIANA a one-sided development which vastly en­ justified his expectations and h is dreams. It IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES riched certain forms of enterprise, and left is my great privilege, on behalf of the Busi­ Wednesday, June 27, 1956 the average farmer with little beyond his ness and Professional Women's Club of Cov­ subsistence. Speaking on tariff reform, ington, Ind., to dedicat e and to present to Mrs. HARDEN. Mr. Speaker, today Voorhees told the Senate of the United States you, Mr. Librarian, t his memorial plaque to lt was my privilege to participate in a in March 1890: Daniel Wolsey Voorhees, which I now unveil, 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 11163

ADDRESS OF CONGRESSMAN LECOMPTE A philosopher has said: "Some men have ( something which has not yet occurred in all Representative HARDEN, Mr. Mumford, Miss only one book in them; others a library." our histol'y), but the reason mentioned does Dice distinguished guests and friends, as a We see now how applicable this phrase is to constitute a good basis for urging the con­ long~time member of the Joint Committee Senator Voorhees, and we pay him tribute tinued operation of the plant-with the in­ on the Library, I am happy to be given this for his vision, fortitude and work in estab­ cidental employment it provides for a couple opportunity to honor a great man of vision, lishing the Library of Congress. of hundred persons in a community of mod­ Daniel Woolsey Voorhees. We are indebted erate size. The surprising thing is that such to the Business and Professional Women of resourceful advocates appear to think it nec­ Covington, Ind., who have afforded us this essary to supplement so ingenious an argu­ event as an occasion to remember him. Texas City Tin Smelter ment (readily understandable to all political Indeed, this very building in which we 1·ealists) with the rehashing of old chestnuts stand is his monument. It was his advocacy, that time has demonstrated have no merit as well as his concept of a national library, EXTENSION OF REMARKS at all. to have a separate congressional library OF One of these old standbys ls, of course, building to be located on the groun~s of the the need of the smelter for defense purposes, Capitol, that has had so much t? do with HON. RALPH A. GAMBLE as it is. the only tin smelter in the Western this institution's place and standmg in the OF NEW YORK Hemisphere. This argument grows out of world. Senator Voorhees, more than any IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the conditions of the last war, when Hitler other public figure, in 1880, first realized took over all the European smelters on the that the American people's library collec­ Wednesday, June 27, 1956 Continent and threatened from the air (but tions would someday exceed the national never stopped) those in the British Islesv Mr. GAMBLE. Mr. Speaker, the con­ and when Japanese sea power disrupted all collections of the older and more populous tinued operation of the Texas City tin nations. His was the prediction also that contact with Malaya and Indonesia. Falling the United States would succeed in its de­ smelter has been the subject of numer­ into the old failure of "fighting the next war termination to have as complete a repository ous editorials in the publications special­ by preparing for the last," it overlooks that of human learning and printing as had been izing in the metal trades. there is no longer any Japenese sea power to known since the beginning of time. More than a year ago on Friday, disrupt communications with southeast In his endeavors we know how he was as­ March 25, 1955, the American Metal Asia, and that the eastern frontier of the sisted by Representatives Reed, of Maine; Market predicted that we would con­ Western World is now in Eastern Germany. Cox, of New York; and by his colleagues _in tinue the operation of the Texas City It ignores also the fact that we met all the Senate, Senator Timothy Howe, of Wis­ smelter for another year. This predic­ tin requirements with a backlog of only consin, Senator Bayard, of Delaware, and about 50,000 tons of reserve stock, whereas one more of very great prominence, Senator tion was fulfilled when we passed Senate today it is pretty well established that the Morrill, of Vermont. Much could not have Concurrent Resolution 26 on April 21, Government can command control of nearly been accomplished, however, had not Senator 1955. The American Metal Market on 6 years' consumption at the rate of last Voorhees provided the spirit. When he arose April 29, 1955, commented editorially on year's industrial absorption of primary tin. in the Senate on May 5, 1880, to sponsor the this action. In short, without any more tin, our accumu: first important measure for a new library, I ask unanimous consent that these two lated stocks would see us through 6 years there were many obstacles to overcome if his editorials from the American Metal severance of new supplies, and the talk now idea was to materialize. The congressional Market, which review the history of the is that with atomic weapons, a decision could collection was a jumble of books and manu­ eventuate within a few months. scripts, organized like a country store, in the tin smelter, may be reprinted in the Next only to our supposed need of the west front of the Capitol. Maps and bulle­ RECORD. smelter for defense, is the claim that it is tins were stacked in piles, rather than in The two editorials follow: essential to the Bolivian economy. This files. Every fourth book was shelfless. An­ [ From the American Metal Market of ignores, of course, the fact that about half other obstacle at that time was the fact that March 25, 1955] the Bolivian production has been going to the Congress was undecided as to whether Britain for smelting for a number of years SPRING, AND THE TExAs SMELTER to undertake the expansion of its east front and that all of it went to Europe before the to accommodate its library, or to construct With the fidelity of robin redbreast, as opening of the Texas City smelter in 1942. a building to house its collection on Judici­ harbinger of the returning spring, the issue It can be smelted in Europe today, through ary Square. Even the plans for t~e design of the Texas City tin smelter may be counted private companies, just as it was in the past. of such a building had varied seemmgly be­ to occupy the attention of the national Con­ There is no need for the United States tween Romanesque, French Renaissance, and gress. It is true that, owing to the vagaries Government to subsidize the smelter, at a the red-brick architecture of the old Pension of the weather, the eastern robins cannot cost of a couple of millions a year, for this Building. boast the punctuality of the swallows of purpose. There is a picture today which shows a Capistrano, but they always show up. In Indeed, instead of a blessing for Bolivia, proposed extension of the east front of the 1954, the continued operation of the Texas the smelter remains something of a curse, Capitol, utilizing turrets, to house th~ Con­ smelter was the subject of discussion as since it continues to be an excuse for the gressional Library. Fortunately, this was early as the beginning of March. Not for­ disastrous economic policies of the Bolivian never done. The measure which Senator gotten but merely a trifle delayed, as the Government since it "nationalized" the Voorhees sponsored in 1880 set up a joint robins sometimes are, it is now back with us mines. As private operations, the mines select committee, with himself as its chair­ again, as full of vim, vigor, and vitality as were the main support of the country, and man and authorized a commission of three if it had not added another year to its old age. its principal source of foreign exchange. expe;ts to advance plans, designs, an~ esti­ A year ago we· suggested that the smelter Whatever the faults of the private opera­ mates on the feasibility of a new Library would continue in operation for another year. tions they were not a drain on the very building on a new site. The unanimous re­ It was not our view that this was because the limit~d resources of that unfortunate land. port of these experts, in substanc~, l~d later plant was needed by the tin-consumin~ in­ They were the main prop of the Nation, to the location of the present bmldmg and dustry or in the ·interest of the national even though the Government obliged them defense. It involved other factors, with to accept only 60 Bolivianos for their dol­ its design along modified Renaissance lines. which Washington is well acquainted and, we find Mr. Voorhees also at the front of lars to meet operating expenses and pay whatever the deciding reason, the smelter tax;s, when the free rate would have yielded those voting for its final creation in 1886, and continued to function, as was anticipated. we can well suppose, as he continued to live them as much as 160 Bolivianos. in Washington, that he saw and walked in It was contended then that time was re­ Since then, nationalization of the mines quired for a congressional investigation into has benefited the country by turning a the new building before its completion. the need for the smelter. Although the clos­ To him, certainly the concept of a great source of income into a millstone of deficits. ing of the smelter had been recommended Precise figures are lacking, but it is reason­ national library was an integral part of a by the administration, and although no pro­ great constitutional government. Senator ably well established that, alth~ugh the vision has been made in the budget for the number of miners has been vastly increased Voorhees could see that the wealth and store continued operation of the smelter after of learning which he knew his Nation must (some say doubled) costs have so mounted June 30 of this year, the report on this in­ that every pound of tin concentrates pro­ assemble would in the end identify it as a vestigation is still awaited. It may become treasure house of truth and information duced results in a loss of possibly as much as available in a few days, but whatever it may 35 cents per pound, which an impoverished before the world. He knew, as we know, that conclude, friends of the operation are already Government must make good. The result in this building we would preserve the writ­ urging its being continued for another has been the fall of the Boliviano to about ings of the past, as well as provide space for year, as, among other things, it would have 2 400 to the dollar from 160. It is eloquent the writings of the future. So long as it greater value as a going concern than as an t~stimony that the continued operation of stands, so long as its collections are for the abandoned project. the Texas City smelter has not halted de­ free access of scholars, there will be liberty One must concede that there is consider­ terioration of the Bolivian economy, let alone il'l. this Nation. The most indestructible able validity to such reasoning. Admittedly, sustained it. thing on earth is a book. It may be burned the continuing operation of the plant in pri­ As for the smelter being an anchor to wind­ or disappear, but its ideas and hopes in­ vate hands would appear to depend on the ward against the machinations of the inter­ variably live beyond it. granting of a protective tariff on pig tin national tin cartel, it is worth noting that CII--701 11164 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD - HOUSE June 27 there has been-a world surplus production of number of assents ls still lacking? Can it ties with no detriment to any proper tin over the last half-dozen years. This has be that some nations prefer to continue un­ Government function and with substan­ proved to be of manageable proportions only committed, confident in the belief that the tial savings to our taxpayers. The because the output of the Texas City smelter Congress itself will assure a tight and con­ has been impounded in the national stock­ stant market for all the production the Hoover Commission has also covered this piles, instead of overhanging the world's world's mines can turn out? It could very area thoroughly. Unfortunately, when markets. well be, for the Congress, deliberately or we recently passed the appropriation bill However all this may be, let us not be otherwise, is contributing to the creation and for the Defense Department for the fiscal surprised if, in the interest of preserving a maintenance of the very condition it de­ year 1956, we included a provision re­ supposedly salable piece of merchandise, we nounces. quiring congressional sanction to termi­ continue to hold off some 30,000 tons of tin In 1952, world production of tin exceeded nate commercial-type activities which a year from the world markets, provide a. consumption by some 40,000 tons; in 1953 the Secretary of Defense believes should dollar refuge for uneconomical operations in by some 45,000 tons; and in 1954 by nearly Bolivia and give orators continuing excuse 37,000 tons. In free markets, the law of be eliminated with no loss to our fighting for denouncing cartels. Nor let it cause sur­ supply and demand still functions. That effectiveness and with benefit to our tax­ prise if we again hear some other reason for explained the temporary aberrations of vir­ payers. This act is regrettable and will continuing the operation of the smelter, for tually all primary markets--not only that hamper President Eisenhower in carry­ just another year, about the time the robins of tin-during the hectic months following ing out his basic philosophy which is to fly north in March of 1956. the outbreak of hostilities in Korea. Why limit the intrusion of the Federal .Gov­ hasn't it operated, then, on the reverse side, ernment into fields normally served by (From the American Metal Market of now that there is a persistent excess of sup­ ply over commercial demand for tin? Can private enterprise. His policy is de­ April 29; 1955] it be that continuing operation of the Texas signed to afford the greatest possible op­ TExAs CITY WILL CONTINUE To SMELT City smelter and the stockpiling of its out­ portunity for the exercise of individual The Senate, acting on the report and rec­ put (37,651 tons in 1953) is contributing to initiative by our private citizens consist­ ommendation of its Committees on Armed the maintenance of the existing price of tin, ent with our security and the welfare of Services and Banking and Currency, has without requiring any effort whatsoever on our people. passed without dissent a resolution favoring t)le part of the cartel. Heaven forbid. the continued operation of the Texas City It is interesting, nonetheless, to speculate The activities of the Federal Govern­ tin smelter during the fiscal year 1955-56. on what the present price of tin would be ment in areas which we normally do not If this action occasioned surprise in a.ny if the subsidized Texas City output were regard as governmental are so vast that quarter, it was certainly not in the tin trade, not being taken out of current consumption, they defy description. When President which has grown accustomed to this pro­ and considerable uneconomic foreign pro­ Eisenhower was inaugurated, the Fed­ cedure and recognizes that the realities of duction were not being subsidized out of eral Government was engaged in more politics are pretty much as established a our Public Treasury. Naturally whatever than 100 different ventures including part of our daily life as the merits or de­ Texas City produces must be isolated, since bread baking, coffee making, scrap­ merits of a proposition. the administration is opposed to Govern­ The trade, too, has become quite inured ment competition with private, taxpaying metal baling, rope making, clothing to indulgence by political figures in cam­ enterprise. One wonders if the committee manufacture, furniture repairing, the paign oratory and would have been greatly really intends to denounce others for cre­ operation of sawmills, laundries and dry­ surprised if such considerations did not con­ ating-by unproved attribution only-a con­ cleaning establishments, paint manu­ tinue to feature reports on this subject. dition of which it, itself, is quite undisput­ facture, tire retreading, the making of Nevertheless, on this occasion the report ably responsible. ice cream and motion pictures, oper­ rather surpasses all previous efforts and, if Of course it is fantastic to assert that it has occasioned any surprise whatsoever, it Bolivian concentrates can be smelted in ating railroads and ships, and writing is because the committees still feel con­ quantity only in the Government smelter. life insurance. strained to resort to such deviations from Before the Texas City smelter existed all The Federal Government, in addition fact to buttress their recommendations. Bolivian concentrates were smelted in pri­ to its proper governmental activities, is As a report of the committees points out, vate smelters. Around half the Bolivian the largest single electric power producer tin is produced outside the territory of the output continued to be smelted abroad all in the country, it operates the largest United States. Also, there is only one tin through the war and up to this moment. It insurance business, it is our greatest smelter on American territory and that is is nonsense to infer that all Bolivian con­ owned and operated by the Government. centrates could not now be handled in pri­ banker, it is the largest tenant and the Consequently, tin is in a most unusual po­ vate smelters. largest landlord, it owns more grain than sition. It has no constituency, except the The assertion that our consumption in the anyone else, it operates more ware­ staff of the smelter, and therefore is fair and war years was as much as the total world houses, more ships, and more trucks. safe game for hunting, since it cannot talk production during peacetime is pure, ig­ Mr. Speaker, some Members of the back at the polls. Therefore, once again, norant nonsense. our consumption was Congress have been devoting long hours tin producers everywhere-except for the nearer one-third of normal peacetime pro­ highest-cost mines in the world, which are duction. Other similar deviations from real­ to a study of monopoly and the concen­ presently operating o~ly with the support ity could be cited, but why go on. Every­ tration of economic power. There has of United States subsidies-are made the body knows the Texas City smelter will con­ never been such a concentration as exists whipping boy for continuing an operation tinue in operation, but hardly for the rea­ within our Federal Government. which the trade is virtually unanimous in sons cited by our august legislators. In the comparatively short time since regarding as an unnecessary and costly drain on the Public Treasury. Mr. Speaker, the reports of the Hoover President Eisenhower has been in office It is asserted that the maintenance and Commission show that the Federal Gov­ great progress has been made in better operation of the Government smelter "de­ ernment is still engaged in numerous op­ defining the proper scope of govern­ creases the risk of the country's being at erations of a commercial nature which mental activities. One of the first acts the mercy of price gouging by those con­ · cannot be justified as essential to any of the administration was to sell the In­ trolling foreign tin supplies." If this were legitimate governmental function. The land Waterways Corporation to private the case, why did the Government consider enterprise for $9 million. It operated it safe to divest itself of the control and Hoover Commission and President Eisen­ barge lines for many years. operation of the much more extensive arti­ hower have both stated that Govern­ ficial rubber plants, as natural rubber is ment operation of the tin smelter was not The Federal Government is now out of wholly a product of foreign areas, identical necessary for our national interest. It the hotel business. The Department of in respect to two of the most important pro­ was because of this that I introduced the Interior no longer operates Blue­ ducers, as the two most important tin-pro­ House Joint Resolution 285 on April 21 beard's Castle in the Virgin Islands. It ducing areas? to authorize the immediate termination has been sold with the proceeds going If there existed a "tin cartel" of the char­ into the general funds of the Treasury acter so frequently denounced by certain of this venture into socialism. Mr. Speaker, I realize that the House and the property is now on the tax of our public figures, why is it that business rolls. and governments in the tin producing and has passed Senate Concurrent Resolu­ tin consuming nations of the world have tion 26 to authorize the operation of this The Congress recently authorized the considered it desirable (in the interest of facility for another year. So that the sale of our synthetic rubber producing relative price stability and dependable sup­ RECORD may be complete, I wish to ex­ facilities to private industry. This is ply) to set up an international tin agree­ plain fully my opposition to the resolu­ probably the largest and most important ment? If a cartel existed, would not such tion we adopted last week. transfer of activities by the Federal Gov­ an agreement be entirely a superfluous dupli­ ernment to private enterprise. cation? And if such an agreement is re­ The 83d Congress conducted extensive garded as desirable for all concerned­ studies of Government operations of a However, the Federal Government is producers and consumers alike--why is i.t commercial nature and recommended still operating a tin smelter. Mr. Speak­ that after 7 years of effort, the required the discontinuance of many such activi- er, I have investigated this operation and 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - - HOUSE 11165 I am completely convinced that it is un-: tin-smelting business. Second, it is be­ tors, and furniture and electrical-appli­ necessary for the defense and security lieved that it is desirable to have a tin ance manufacturers, wholesalers' and smelter in the United States operated pri­ of this country which is the only reason vately, but that that desirability is not suf­ retailers' organizations. that we embarked on this activity in the ficient to justify a direct subsidy or tariff The original intent of the Service­ first place. protection. men's Readjustment Act of 1944 was to Prior to World War II we depended And third the security angle is considered provide a period in which our veterans upon the Far East for almost all of our of sufficient importance so that, if it were could rehabilitate themselves. That commercial tin supplies. Indonesia and possible to find some private operator to take they have not been completely rehabili­ the Malay Peninsula supplied tin con­ over the smelter and agree to run it at some tated is evident by the fact that some minimum output, the Government would be centrates which were smelted in Western justified in a lease or sale arrangement which 11 million of these World War II vet­ Europe. Access to the tin producing would give only a nominal return of the cap­ erans have not yet been able to avail areas was denied by the Japanese and to ital investment that the Government has in themselves of their GI entitlement. the European tin smelters by the Ger­ the smelter. In an effort to provide a solution to mans. The only available source o:Z tin That is a general outline of the Interior's an extension of this program that will concentrates was the Bolivian ores. approach to this thing (hearings, pt. 10, be agreeable to all, I am submitting the Steps were taken to erect a tin smelter p. 845). following for the immediate considera­ at Texas City, Tex., to refine these con­ This statement by Mr. Merrill which I tion of my colleagues: centrates. This was the proper step for know is supported by the Assistant Sec­ A bill to amend section 500 of the Service­ our Government to take as a war meas­ retary of the Interior for Mineral Re­ men's Readjustment Act of 1944 to provide ure. sources, Felix E. ·wormser, a man who an additional period for World War II vet­ Mr. Speaker, let us contrast this situa­ has devoted his entire life to the mining erans to obtain guaranteed loans tion with the picture which now con­ industry, represents in my opinion, a That (a) subsection (a) of section 500 of fronts us. When the Texas City smelter the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 194.4 sound and proper solution to this '(38 U. S. C., sec. 694) is amended by striking was built our reserves of tin were most problem. inadequate and industry had given little out "Any loan made by such veteran within The report of the Hoover Commission 10 years after the termination of the war," thought to conservation and substitu­ on Business Enterprises, page 90, reaf­ and inserting in lieu thereof the following: tion. The lack of availability of tin stim­ firms this statement. The Commission "Any loan made by such veteran Within 11 ulated industry to use its ingenuity and said: years after the termination of the war, plus get along with far less tin. For example, the period determined under the next sen­ prior to World War II most of our tin­ The Texas City tin smelter was a neces­ tence of this subsection,", plate was produced by the "hot dip proc­ sary enterprise begun during World War II. (b) Such subsection is further amended The tin sources in the East had been cap­ by inserting immediately after the fourth ess." Steel sheets were dipped into tured by the Japanese and there was no molten tin and thus coated with a pro­ sentence thereof the following new sentence: smelter for South American tin ores in "The period referred to in the preceding sen­ tective covering necessary for can mak­ the Western Hemisphere. South America tence shall equal, in the case of each veteran, ilig so as to insure the preservation of was the only source of tin in this hemisphere, 3 months for so much af his active service the contents. as there are no substantial deposits known after September 15, 1940, and before July 26, Today, most of our tinplate is pro­ in North America. The Texas City smelter 1947, as exceeds 6 months and does not ex­ duced by an electrolytic process which property, plant, and equipment cost about ceed 12 months, plus 3 additional months for uses far less tin and produces an even $13,200,000 and the current depreciated book each 6 months (or fraction thereof) of active value is $6,500,000. service performed by him in excess of 12 better protective coating. Furthermore, The smelter has produced about 33,000 tons substitutes for tin have been developed months between such dates, but in no event of tin annually. In recent years the metal to exceed 24 months; however, if such vet­ so that it can be dispensed with entirely has been added to the strategic stockpile'. eran was discharged or released from active in many applications. The stockpile is now estimated at a 5-year service between such dates under conditions ' The 79th Congress enacted Public Law war supply. other than dishonorable by reason of an ~20 providing a realistic stockpiling pro­ The smelter is uneconomical for many injury or disease incurred in or aggravated by gram. Strategic stockpiles of tin have reasons and the loss in 1954 was $1,504,233. such service in line of duty, then such period been accumulating now for many years. As there is no reason for continued operation, shall equal 24 months." · President Eisenhower on January 2, 1954, The Office of Defense Mobilization has recommended that it be closed on June 30 This measure provides for a gradual 3- recently raised our stockpiling goals so of that year (pp. 90 and 91). year termination of the program, as did that today a very substantial stockpile H. R. 10469. It, however, provides a of tin is available. The amount now on The time has ·come for us to permit straight 1-year extension of eligibility to band exceeds the expanded present min­ normal economic forces to be operative all World War II veterans. Thereafter, imum requirements which adequately in this situation and Government opera­ during the next 2-year period, it would meet our immediate needs. Further­ tion of the smelter should be terminated provide for nine separate stepdowns. more, tin is once again available from as soon as possible. However, it allows disable~ veterans the the Far East and can be procured in re­ benefit of the full 3-year extension. I am fined form at prices more advantageous advised by the Veterans' Administration to the taxpayer than through the opera­ that the following would be the effect of tion of the Texas City smelter to com­ A Bill To Extend the GI Home-Loan this bill for the remaining 2-year period: plete our long range stockpiling pro­ Guaranty First. July 1958 there will be 280,000 gram. This very large stockpile goal is . eligibles cut off. quite close to attainment. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Second. October 1958, 670,000 cut off. Mr. Speaker, if we are to follow Presi­ OF Third. January 1959, 805,000 cut off. dent Eisenhower's program of encourag­ Fourth. April 1959, 1,045,000 cut off. ing private enterprise wherever possible, HON. DANTE B. FASCELL Fifth. July 1959, 1,149,000 cut off. there can be no justification for continu­ OF F!.ORIDA Sixth. October 1959, 1,595,000 cut off. ing governmental operation of a tin IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Seventh. January 1960, 1,550,000 cut smelter under these conditions unless we off. deliberately wish to foster Government Wednesday, June 27, 1956 Eighth. April 1960, 860,000 cut off. operation of industry which, frankly, is Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, I am to­ Ninth. July 25, 1960, 1,316,000 cut off­ nothing but socialism. day introducing a bill to extend the GI including 325,000 disabled veterans. A year ago, Charles W. Merrill, the As­ home-loan-guaranty program. This is The Veterans' Administration advises sistant Chief of the Minerals Division of the second of such measures that I have me that it is estimated that there will be the Bureau of Mines, Department of the introduced. The first proposal, H. R. 14,178,000 veterans with World War II Interior, testified on this subject before 10469, was introduced April 12, 1956. service only in civilian life as of July 25, -the Special Subcommittee on Minerals, The merits of this proposal and the prin­ 1957, and that 4,912,000 will have made Materials, and Fuels Economics, of the ciples set forth therein have been recog­ some use of their GI entitlement by that Senate Committee on Interior and In• nized and endorsed by numerous na:. date, leaving 9,266,000 veterans whose sular Affairs. He saidc tional organizations. They include vet­ entitlement would expire under the exist­ It is believed however first, that the United erans' .. groups,-labor groups, savings and ing law on July 25, 1957, without having States Government should get out of the loan associations, home builders, real- used any GI entitlement. 11166 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD _- HOUSE June 27 This proposal merits your most serious little personal venture. After reading an consideration appropriate plans which would study and consideration. I am hopeful article that appeared in the May 21, 1956, generally provide for the following: . that my colleagues in the House will join issue of the New York Times, one wonders 1. Further utilization, where possible, of if there exists on you;: part a prejudice facilities and services available within the me in calling for immediate consideration against accepting such facts. Over and above Department of Agriculture for the inspection of an extension of this all-important all this, I am distressed by the contumelious and grading of subsistence items required for program. . treatment you have shown toward the indi­ the Department of Defense as well as for viduals who make up the strength of our such research as may be required on food­ Veterinary Corps. It is evident that your borne diseases and animal disease control. Setretary Wilson and the Veterinary Corps remarks could have a demoralizing effect on 2. The utilization of civilian veterinarians the vital role which the Veterinary Corps to provide medical care for public animals performs in protecting the health of our mil­ wherever possible. EXTENSION OF REMARKS itary personnel here and abroad, as well as 3. The discontinuance of the current prac­ OF that of American service families scattered tice of providing, at Government expense, ' abroad. veterinary care for the private pets of mili­ HON. ROBERT c.· BYRD . Mr. Secretary, I am not taking this occa­ . tary personnel except in emergencies. OF WEST VIRGINIA sion .to bring a formal expression of my views 4. Equitable disposition to be made of all v:eterinary personnel presently performing .IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to your attention simply to point up what might ~ave been an. unhappy choice of wo.rds functions to be reassigned, discontinued, Wednesday, June 27, 1956 or action resulting from a lack of informa­ and/or obtained by contractual arrangements tion. What I am interested in, however, is in accordance with the above. , Mr. BYRD. Mr. Speaker, Secretary the fact that throughout World War II, and Future action to be taken by the Secretary of Defense Wilson on May 15, 1956, di- since then, the health of our troops has been of Defense, upon submission of these plans, . rected the Secretaries of the Army, Navy, peerless-credit therefor going to the Veter­ will be based on the needs and best interests and Air Force jointly to develop and inary Corps. In substantiating my position, of the Department of Defense as a whole, with submit for his consideration appropriate permit me to cite the Army milk program due regard to the rights and equities of all plans to implement his little personal on the continent which has not only ben­ personnel involved. Matters of significant venture to eliminate the Veterinary efited our military personnel abroad, but has interest to the Congress and particularly re­ also been helpful to foreign countries them­ quirements for legislation will be promptly Corps in the armed services. In this re­ selves. The Army Times (Europe) for June referred for their consideration. gard, permit me to direct the attention 21, 1955, delineated the worthy activities of Sincerely yours, of our colleagues to the letter which I the Army veterinarians in Denmark, Hol­ ROBERT TRIPP Ross. addressed to Secretary of Defense Wil­ land, Yugoslavia, Belgium, Norway, and Swe­ son on June 18 and the reply thereto, den. Veterinarian units in those countries forwarded to me on June 29 by Assist­ check all food products purchased by the ant Secretary of Defense Robert Tripp forces for sale to Americans in commissaries, post and base exchanges, clubs, and messes Address of Hon. John J. Rooney, Member Ross. throughout Europe and North Africa. In this of Congress, at Com~encement Exer• The correspondence follows: regard, the article states "they test animals cises o.f Bay Ridge High Scho~I Held at . JUNE 181 1956. · before and after they are slaughtered; candle The Honorable CHARLES E. WILSON, eggs by the millions; and run all tests known .Brooklyn Te_chnical High School Audi• Secretary of Defense, to man before letting milk and its by­ Department of Defense, products flow into Army and Air Force run torium, Brooklyn, N. Y., June 25, 1956 Washington, D. C. facilities." . It is a known fact that the Vet­ DEAR MR. WILSON: My attention has been erinary Corps in the Armed Forces per­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS directed to the memorandum issued by you forms an admirable research task in com­ on May 15, 1956, addressed to the Secretaries parative pathology and in exotic diseases. OF of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force, The·fact that the military operates anywhere on the subject of Utilization of Veterinary in the world enables veterinary personnel to HON. EUGENE J. KEOGH Personnel in the Armed Services. I ·have carry on research programs in foreign areas OF NEW YORK also read your recent testimony in hearings when appropriate and necessary. It should IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES before the Subcommittee on Department of .be noted that, should an emergency arise, it Defense Appropriatio;ns of the House Com­ is unlikely that civilian technicians would . Wednesday, June 27, 1956 mittee on Appropriations. At that time you be available for assignment in any part of Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Speaker, last night made the following remarks, among others, the world. at the 84th commencement exercises of concerning the position of the Veterinary I sincerely trust that the. important func­ Bay Ridge High School, held at the Corps in the Army and in the Air Force: tions of the Veterinary Corps and the posi­ "I have a couple of little personal ventures tion of such technicians in our Armed Forces auditorium of Brook\yn Technical High where I think ultimately we are going to will be given full and serious consideration School, Brooklyn, N:Y:, our distinguished save some money. ·before any decision is reached to transfer, colleague, the gentleman from New York "I think it is about time we eliminated reassign, or abolish this group which is so [Mr. ROONEY], had the great privilege of the Veterinary Corps in the Army and in the vital in safeguarding the health of our mili­ delivering the address to the graduates. Air Force. I think that is a holdover from tary personnel. Under the permission heretofore the old cavalry days. Sincerely yours, granted me by unanimous consent of the "I know they have a nice lobby down here, ROBERT C, BYRD, House, I include Mr. RooNEY's .address on and they are trying to bring themselves up Member · of Congress. this occasion as well as the program of with the doctors and dentists, but it is time that one is finally washed out although there the ceremonies, the names of the gradu­ is not a great deal of money left in it. Hon. RORERT C. BYRD, ating class of June 1956, and the names House of Representatives . of those who received highest scholastic • • DEAR MR. BYRD: Secretary Wilson has asked honors, scholarships, and awards: "That is just one of my projects which is me to reply to your recent letter concerning used as an example of how hard it is to get ADDRESS BY HON. JOHN J. ROONEY, OF NEW changes contemplated by the Department of YORK people out of the old rut, and to face the Defense with respect to the utilization of new. In other words, there are people with veterinarians in the Armed Services. Miss Fitzpatrick, Reverend Mouland, dis­ fixed interests in what is going on and they tinguished guests, members of the faculty, do not want to step up to the new programs." The Secretary long has had the greatest respect personally for the veterinarians in the class of ·June 1956, ladies and gentlemen, The printed record of the same hearings this country. He fully recognizes and is most it is always a pleasant occasion for a Mem­ contains a statement classifying the func­ appreciative of the considerable contribution ber of Congress to be asked to give a speech, tions and responsibilities of the Veterinary which these personnel have made to our but I feel particularly good when I am asked Corps, which include the inspection of food defense effort over a period of many years. in behalf of a high-school group. It proves products of animal origin and the sources that the virtue of courage is still one of the thereof, the investigation and control of dis­ He is of the opinion, however, that a prime qualities of youth. It has ever been to further unification of these functions among eases common to man and animals, the care the discredt of men that as they grow older, and treatment of military animals, and re­ the agencies of the Federal Government is they tend to lose some of that youthful cour­ search and development in chemical and desirable in the interest of effecting increased age, enthusiasm, and optimism, for it is then, biological warfare and in radiation hazards. economy and efficiency. With this objective more than ever, that they need those very If the above statement presented a proper in mind, on May 15, 1956, following detailed qualities. But youth, too, has a lack of some description of the Veterinary Corps, then an study of the problem and personal consulta­ of the things that are of importance in adult injustice has been committed in not bring­ tion with these officials, he directed the Secre­ society~xperience, self-discipline, and ·a ing these facts to your attention during th,e taries of the Army, the Navy, a.nd the Air sense of dedication. These can only Qe ac- long period over which you have nursed this ,Force jointly to develop and' submit for his ·quired with the 'passage of time. · You can be 1950 CONGRESSIONAL llECOR.0-- HOUSE 11167. sure, though, that you will gain these at­ only to . conquer natural obstacles. No one posea upon ·us, but as· soon as we iearn tributes if · you will keep th~ goal ever in will deny that that takes courage, nor 'wil~ to have mastery of ourselves, it becomes self. sight. anyone deny them the fame they justly de­ discipline. At that point, an imposed dis­ Now, we are not all endowed with the same serve. At the present' time, even though cipline is no longer necessary. This is potentialities. It has always been so. Some the frontiers have no longer a geographic what we all hope and feel you have received of you are destined to become_ professional location, the challenge is all the more ex­ at Bay Ridge High School. women and professional men; others, states .. citing. These new wastelands that must be I have no fears about your knowledge of men or stateswomen; more of you, house­ conquered so that they will be productive the subject matter that has been presented wives; and still others, businesswomen and are the wastelands of men's and women's to you. It is to the credit of faculty mem­ artisans. It is not important into what field minds. The cudgels must be taken up in bers everywhere, who have been working you turn your endeavors as long as you exert the fight against intolerance, against bigotry, under the handicaps of crowded classrooms yourselves to do the best possible in the job against those who would pervert our democ­ that include a wider range of intelligence that you have chosen. It's similar to the racy to their own selfish ends. Although levels than at any time in the past, who in story of the judge who was hearing the case men have been exploring the fringe areas of many areas have been working under the against an elderly man who had been con­ these frontiers for hundreds of years, they added handicap of inadequate pay sched­ victed of robbery for the seventh or eighth are far from conquered. Here is where you ules-it is to their credit that high school time. The judge, knowing that the man was can do much. Examine your own thoughts students graduating today have a much an habitual criminal, and as such would be a and attitudes. Keep those that you now wider background in world affairs, and place threat to society, sentenced him to a total of have that are fine and noble. Keep those higher on achievement tests than the same 20 years in State's prison. which you know are right for you and for groups who graduated a generation ago. "But, judge," said the thief, "I'm 65 years others as well. This is a matter between I mentioned earlier three of the qualities old. I can't possibly serve out a sentence of you and your conscience-and I will not at­ that you yourselves will have to develop 20 years." tempt to tell you what should be weeded out. now that you are going into the world as "That may be true," said the judge, under­ This I will say. Examine all things in the adults: experience, self-discipline, and a. standingly, "but do the best you can." clear light of reason, knowledge and moral­ sense of dedication. Experience you will Those are sound words for all of us to heed. ity. Don't be swept into following emo­ gain as you join the ranks of working men Do the best you can. Our great country is tionally each new ism or belief that people and women, the armed services, or the insti­ made up of people from all walks of life, will try to force on you. Think for your­ tutions of higher learning. Self-discipline from all inco.me levels, from all intelligence selves. should be the natural result of the restric­ levels. The tremendous ad.vantage we have Once you have determined the values that tions that have been imposed on you through over many other countries of the world is are worth fighting for, stick with them un­ your school career. What of dedication? that each one of us has equal power at the swervingly, just as long as they represent Does this mean that you must choose one polls and equal justice before the law. You truth. This does not mean that you should phase of life that you think needs chang­ may think it a little early to start thinking close your ears to arguments that present ing, and fight forevermore to see that it is about the responsibilities of citizenship, but the other side, for without knowing the op­ changed? Not at all. A sense of dedication the best time to prepare for any future job position's claims, you can never be sure can be merely a belief in something bigger is now. It takes practice and perseverance that you are right • • • and not just being than yourself, something to which you are to gain the experience needed to do any task stubborn. You probably will not grow rich willing to devote time and effort without well. In fact, the only job I can think of off­ by followtng such a course; you very pos­ thought of monetary gains. It can be in the hand where you must be perfect from the sibly will not be popular with everyone; field of religion, or in opposing communism very first try is parachute jumping. Pre­ you undoubtedly will be · very heartily dis­ and ideas which you believe to be evil, or it serving democratic principles, fortunately, is liked by some. Taking the long-term view, can be in striving to raise the conditions not quite this demanding, but the results of these things simply do not matter. The of your fellow man all over the world. It not learning how to keep them can be just as reward of a clear conscience is beyond price. can be found in your patents who raised you fatal. We, all of us Americans, have a tre­ Just remember this: when your conscience with love, although at times you were any­ mendous responsibility not only to ourselves starts bothering you becaus~ of the beliefs thing but lovable; it can be found in your and our families, but to the rest of the world that you hold, then it is time to start re­ teachers who taught you in spite of your that still lingers in chains, and to future gen­ examining-for we are orily human beings, occasional unwillingness to learn; and it can erations yet unborn. We have received the and, as such, are not infallible. It is keep­ be found, in its early stages, in each one of inheritance of freedom from our forefathers ing this in mind that will make us tolerant you tonight who harbors the hope for a. who fought and died to preserve it for us. of those who hold opinions that differ from better world to come. It is only right that we pass it on intact. ours. Only if we ourselves are understand­ When you receive your diplomas tonight, What then can you do to fulfill your role as ing can we expect to guide others toward your quest for knowledge has not ended. good citizens? You can do much. You can this virtue. This is your commencement. Your search is start right now. As you go out the doors The paths that lead to the attainment just beginning. Keep looking for truth of this auditorium tonight, you will be leav­ of the better qualities of man are not easy. until, when you're sure in your own mind ing one phase of your life behind you for­ They are not for those who believe that that you have it, you can look anyone in the ever. The next will have already begun, the world owes them a living merely because eye and say, "On these principles will I stake and it is up to you whether it shall lead to they didn't ask to be born into it. They my life." And though I fervently pray that the peaceful world that man has not known are not for those who become discouraged no one here will be called upon to sacri­ to this time, or whether it shall stagger when presented with failure. They are, how­ fice his or her life, it is better to die nobly blindly along in the well-worn paths of the ever, for the group that has ever become free than live a slave to the whims of dicta­ past. There is not one good reason, in this the leaders; those who have determination, tors or tyrants. world under God, for believeing that wars who have the courage to see things through God bless you all, and may you and He are inevitable; that depressions will visit us . to the end, and those who have become working together bring this world to i_ts periodically; or that crime is a necessary mature through the exercise of self-disci­ rightful heritage of peace and prosperity. evil. True, throughout history -there have pline. been periods of two or three hundreds of Discipline, perhaps one of the most im­ PROGRAM years when the world seemed to stagnate, portant learned qualities, has more to do Music: Bay Ridge High School Orchestra, or seemed bent on self-destruction. How­ · with the molding of our character than any Miss Marie G. Petrullo, director. ever, there have also been times when man­ other factor. It can be said that more Processional: America-Our Heritage, kind seemed kindled with the spirit of en­ thoughtless, unethical, and criminal acts are Steele. lightenment; _the Golden Age of Greece, the · committed because of lack of discipline Salute to the flag: Led by Theresa A. De­ Renaissance, the Elizabethan Age, and the than through lack of any other single qual­ Pompa, president of grade; Marion Masefield, period of the American Revolution are but a ity. Discipline is not the imposition of one's will on another just "Qecause he or she president of GO; Barbara A. Olesak, grade few examples. These are the eras that make service leader. use take pride in our membership in the can get away with it. Rather, it develops Invocation. Rev. Cyril Mouland, pastor, human race, sweeping aside with the one so that he can take his proper place among his fellowmen. I know that many of Christian Soldiers Church. grandeur of their purpose the shameful The Lord's Prayer, Malotte: Senior chorus, memories of other ages. Shall we pessimis­ you have balked at some of the disciplines imposed on you during your school career. Greetings from the principal: Miss Eliza­ tically say that their likes will never be seen beth T. Fitzpatrick. again? Better we should turn in our mem­ I know this because we all have done so. This is a natwal reaction among men whose Hymn of Praise, Mozart: Senior class, Miss bership cards and take our places with the Lilian Chianta, director. dumb, unthinking beasts, for progress of animal instincts Elncourage freedom of ac­ civilization can only come with optimism tion. It has resulted, at time, from a mis­ Salutatorian: Marion Masefield. born of hope for better things. interpretation of the word "democracy." We Young and Foolish (Plain and Fancy), You have probably heard it said that the must recognize, though, that even in a Hague-Horwitt: Senior class, Miss Marie Pe­ frontiers hav~ all been conquered; that there demo<::racy, all must give up something of trullo, director. is no longer room for the pioneering spirit; their natural inclinations in order to give Address to the graduates: Hon. JOHN J. that opportunities have lessened in scope the whole of society a deeper feeling of se- RooNEY, Member of the House of Representa­ · since your grandfathers were young. Don't . curity. When we are young and inex­ tives, 14th Congressional District . you believe it. Your ancestors and mine had perienced, discipline must of necessity be im- Valedictorian: Katheri-ne Sgouros. "11168 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE June 27 It's a Grand Night for Singing (State Fair). Carlo, Grace Decaro, Joan Decaro, Wanda .gante, Joan Morris,· Lila Morterud, Louise .Rodgers and Hammerstein: Vocal solo, Har­ DeJesus, Rita Del Gatto, Rosalie Dello Russo, .Mottes, Gertrude G. Mouland. Julianna M. riet Rosenblum; accompanist, Dorothy Pelle­ Dolores Delmonico, Rose Delosa, Norma Del Mount, Barbara Mullio, Elizabeth Multari, chia. Rosso, Alice del Valle, Catherine DeMarco, Eileen Murray, Mary Murray, Theresa Mus­ Presentation of honors and awards~ Miss Katherine DeMarco, Rosanne DeMichele, carello, Anna Rose Muscolo. Rose R. Restaino. administrative assistant; Louise DeOliveira, Theresa DePompa, Martha Paula Napoli, Grace Napolitano, Norma Mr. Charles E. O'Neill, administrative assist­ Desantis, Joan C. Dethlefs, Loretta Devino, Nasso, Clara Nastasi, Pola Nancy Navarro, ant. Marilyn DeVita, Theresa Diano, Frances Di­ Ruth Neilson, Jeannette A. Neiro, Julie A. Parent-Teachers Association, Mr. William Bitetto, Gloria DiDonato, Jennie DeGiacomo, Ness, Marion Niceforo, Loretta Nicols, Lor­ Kostecki, president: Scholarship awarded to Clara Dilorenzo, Pauline DeMartino, Rita Taine Nicols, Barbara A. Nilsen, Lillian Nil­ Rita Hagman. DiMauro, Frances Diomede, Valerie R. Dor­ sen, Arlene Nixon, Barbara Nobiletti, Ann Class of June 1956, Bay Ridge High School~ man, Lillian Driller, Dorothy Dudeck, Patricia Nocito, Anna Noia, Irene Notwicz, Patricia Mrs. Ethel N. Sarafian, dean of senior class. Dunne, Mona Eeks, Rose Elia, Margo Ellis, A. Nystrom, Eileen O'Donnell, Julia O'Don­ Conferring of diplomas: Miss .Elizabeth T. Arlita Ericksen, Helen Ericksen, Marie Etras­ nell, Yolanda A. Odstrcil, Carolyn O'Keefe, Fitzpatrick, Hon. JOHN J. RoONEY. co, Marietta Facchino, Barbara Fager, Evelyn .Barbara A. Oleksak, Virginia Oliva, Anne Presentation of Arista Keys: Mary A. Ura­ Fannin, Florence Fauci, Rita Ferraiulo, Con­ Olsen, Lorraine Olsen, Mary O'Mahoney, Rita vic. cetta Ferrante, Joy Ferranto, Louise Ferraro, O'Malley, Mary Oswald, Barbara Ann O'Toole, Presentation of class gift: Theresa A. De­ .Rasalie Ferraro, Rose Fioriello, Patricia Myra Owens, Jeanette Pace, Marilyn Palm, Pompa. Louise Fioto, Barbara Fischer, Marion Forte, Vivian Palmeri, Ida Palmieri, Gladys Panisse, Valedictorian of Bay Ridge Evening High Emily Fortunato, Fina Frangella, Joan Frasca, Loretta Papa, Victoria Pappas, Shirley Parris, School: William H. Truax. Frances J. Freddoso, Shiela Freund, Eleanor Angela Pasqualicchio, Constance Passante, Presentation of honors and awards: Mr. Frias, Nina Friscia, Margherita Fusco. Carmela Patti, Frances Patti, Marie Patti, William P. Mannix, dean of senior class, Barbara Gabrielsen, Antoinette Gagliardi, Mary Anne Patti, Elizabeth Pearce, Marilyn evening session. Marilyn Gagliardo, Aldana Galas, Josephine Pedersen, Ruth Pedersen, Deanna Pehowich, Class of June 1956, Bay .Ridge Evening Galdieri, Mary Jane Gambale, Joan Ganim, Mary Louise Pehowich, Jean Pekara, Irene High School: Mr. Leopold J. DeMaio, teacher Blanche M. Garcia, Elizabeth Garcia, Lu­ Pellecchia, Dorothy Pellecchia, Camille Pe­ 1n charge of evening session. cretia Gatto, Concetta Genovese, Margaret luso, Carmen Perez, Marian Pergolizzi, Marie Conferring of diplomas: Miss Elizabeth T. Gentile, Rose Gentile, Barbara Gerrity, Ro­ A. Pergolizzi, Rose Marie Perillo, Santa Pe­ Fitzpatrick. berta P. Giacalone, Lillian Giacone, Rosalie rone, Kathleen Perrotta, Josephine Perticone, Giammanco, Phyllis Gigante, Barbara sue Recessional-School .Song: Morris. ILouise Pettine, Marie Picarelli, Kathleen Ginn, Patricia Giordano, Joan Giovannone, Piccarelli, Loretta Pilch, Patricia Pinto, GRADUATING CLASS OF JUNE 1956 Patrida Giuliano, Loretta Gobeil, Mary Jane Theresa Pinto, Anna Piro, Rose Mary Piscopo, .Rae Acquiviva, Joan D. Adeeb, Carmela Goebel, Constance Gold, Anna Gonzalez, Anne Platis, Theresa Polanish, Theresa Pon­ Aiello, Carol Aievoli, Phyllis Alamia, Isolina Olympia Gonzalez, Rita Governale, Hilda ziano, Jean Potter, Rita Pozza, Irene Prele­ Alicea, Carole Alioto, Rosemarie T. Allegretta, Graff, Pauline Graffeo, Rosalie Graziano, wicz, Barbara Prevete, Menica Proscia, Marie Eleanor C. Aloi, Annarose M. Alvaro, Marie T. Carmela Griffo, Lucile Guarnaccio, Ann Pucci, Marian Puleo. Amante, Louise Amendola, Doris Andersen, Guggino, Angela M. Guido, Mary Guinan, Julia Quagliano, Dorothy Quina, Frances Elizabeth Andersen, Esther Andersen, Anita Rita Hagman, Diane Hansen, Barbara A. Quinn, Gladys Quintana, Dorothy Radolin­ Andresen, Anne Angelo, Frances Antino, Hanson, Jeanette Hanson, Carol Harrington, ski, Patricia T. Raffaele, Juanita Ramos, Ju­ Christine Apreda, Nina Arcuri, Molly Arizzo, Linda Hartford, Dorothy Hayes, May Helen dith Ann Randazzo, Catherine Raucci, Caro­ Carmen Arrieta, Benedetta Arrigo, Rosemarie Hedland, Ruth B. Hernandez, Juliana Hild, line Reese, Jean Reffelt, Eileen Regan, Sallie Asorizzi, Mary Auletta, Marie Auteri, Arleen Elaine Hoffman, Evelyn Holt, Ann Hom, Linda A. Rhyne, Dolores J. Ribertelli, Carol Ricci, Avena, Barbara Babich, Lorraine Baloy, Fay Hom, Signy Hoyvik, Joan Hunter, .Marie Dulcie A. Ridd, Aida Rivera, Carmen A. Riv­ Laura Bandiera, Mary Ann Barletta, Anna Iacobel11, Antoinette Iacovano, Bridget D. era, Maddalen Rivera, Norma Rivera, Matilda Barone, Marilyn Barra, Jennie Barraco, Mary Imperato, Rosemarie Inganamorte, Alice Robusto, Rose Rojnikoff, Eva Romagnano, E. Barry, Frances Basile, Anna . Bassolino, Isaksen, Irene C. Ischia, Rose Marie Janicke, Rose Marie Romano, Sylvia Rosanelli, Rita Dolores Batanjany, Phyllis Battiloro, Dorothy Barbara Jerembinsky, Edith Jensen, Kath­ Rosen, Harriett Rosenblum, Norma Rubin­ Battista, Gloria Bayard, Patricia Becker, erine Johannesen, Elaine John, Antoinette ich, Rosalie Rubino, Irene Russo, Carole Joan Beinert, Lucretia Beltrone, Rosanne Kanakry, Linda Karpa, Joan Kasold, Noreen Rutkowski, Lillian M. Ryan, Patricia Ryan, Bencivenga, Alba Beneforte, Shirley Bensen, Kearns, Margaret Kelly, Mary Kenny, Eliza­ Catherine Sabo, Angela Sacco, Irene Saier, Mary Ann Bentivegna, Catherine Bergersen, beth Kerr, Margaret Kolz, Barbara Kostecki, Lynn Sandstrom, Valerie Sandstrom, Rachel Gladys Bernius, Greta Berntson, Linnea Corinne Koster, Mary Kriskiewicz, Barbara San Flice, Reina Santiago, Josephine T. San­ Berntson, Christina Beshara, Penelope Krooss, Gladys Kvinge. tore, Josephine E. Santoro, Roseann Santulli, Birlidis·, Geraldine Bitetto, Michelina Biun­ Anita Lacerra, Nora J. Lacorte, Arline B. Diana Santus, Pauline Saraceno, Josephine no, Virginia Biwer, Lucy Blanco, Rosalie Ladanyi, Judith Laface, Marie F. Lantieri, Sarnicola, Lucy Savastano, Carole Savettiere, Blasko, Rena Bloom, Louise Bocchicchio, Elaine Larnaitis, Rosalie LaRosa, Diane Lar­ Angela Scalogna, Phyllis A. Schaudel, Ann Irene Bogdan, Frances Bonilla, Phyllis Batte, sen, Doris Larsen, Margaret Larsen, Judith Schifferdecker, Rosemary Schulz, Rose Sciu­ Ramona Bowen, Beryl Boyle, Carol Bredal, Lashway, Janet LeBlanc, Naida M. Lebron, sco, Theresa Scognamillo, Annette Scotto, Anna Brett, Caroline Brockway, Nancy Brun. Lucill~ Lecompte, Carmela Lembo, Lynda Isidora Scotto, Joan Scotto, Barbara Seigle, ner, Rosemarie Bruzzese, Elizabeth Buono­ Lembo, Angela Lentino, Viola R. Leone, Rose Laura L. Senatore, Eleanor Sgarlato, Kath­ nato, Veronica Burulcich, Angela Burzi, Leonini, Marianne LePore, Elenore Leschier, erine Sgouros, Mary Shannon, Rosanne Sil­ Norma M. Byrne. Ingrid Lindfors, Immaculata Linguiti, Jo­ vestri, Helen Simonsen, Marie Sirletti, Helen Annam·ae Cacace, Alice Caccavo, Florence sephine Locilento, Theresa LoFiego, JoAnn Skiba, Ronda Skoblow, Barbara Small, Joan L. Cafaro, Johanna Calacanis, Joyce Calde­ LoFrisco, Alice Loland, Julia Lombardo, Smigel, Marion F. Snyder, Christine Somma, rone, Helen Calla, Rose Marie Calvanico, Theresa C. Lombardo, Mary Lou Lonardo, Mary Anne Sorrentino, Carmela Spada, Iva Diane H. Campbell, Theresa Capalbo, Helen Joan Long, Barbara Longo, Ann Lo~ito, Mau­ Spallina~ Anita Spatola, Florence Spinelli, Cappadona, Irene Caputo, Joan K. Carey, reen Lucey, Barbara Luciano, Carol Maffucci, Virginia Spinello, Dorothy .E. Stafford, Arlene Nancy Carlsen, Edith Carlson, Janet Carlson, Louise Magnussen, Gloria Magone, Virginia Steinbuch, Jean Stene, Patricia Stevens, Do­ Joan Carroll, Agnes Carrozza, Frances Carta, Main, Rosemarie Maiolo, Adrienne Majewski, lores Stigle, Viola Stucchio, Marie Sturiale, Patricia Caruso, Madeline Casanova, Marlene Louise Majka, Catherine Mainolfi., Rae L. Joan l:;3ylvester. . · Cascio, Rosemarie Casciola, Antoinette Cas­ Maiorino, Rosalie Maiorino, Alice Malinow­ Anne Talluto, Barbara Tamer, Marian Ter­ sata, Sophie Castagna, Cynthia Castellano, ski, Geraldine R. Malvicini, Ann Marie Man­ ranova, Violet Terzano, Iris Tessitore, Mildred Angelina Castelli, Josephine Castore, DOlores cini, Laura Mangano, Louise V. Mangia, Testa, Lorrain Thorgersen, Emily I. Thorson, Cataffo, Caroline Cavalli, Elizabeth L. Cavallo, Adele V. Manni, Lillian Marino, Marilyn Ma­ Jennie Todisco, Elaine Tomasetti, Carmen Phyllis Celifarco, Josephine Cervasio, Rae rino, Patricia A. Marino, Virginia Marino, Torres, Rosann Trumbull, Frances Tufano, Cervino, Caroline Cherdron, Raebel Chier.chio, Jeanette Margiotta, Geraldine Markianus, Barbara Tuffy, Joan Twigg, Mary Uravic, Ann Janet Christensen, Helen Christopher, Louise Marion Masefield, Angela Mastrianni, Caro­ Valente, Yvonne Vah Oppre, Marie Vele, Marie Ciccone.. Gloria Ciminieri, Barbara Cioffi, lyn Materdomini, Betsy Mauro, Gloria Mav­ Vetere, Anita Vina, Grace 'Vindigni, Jose­ Josephine Cioffi, Gertrude Clark, Joan Clau­ rikis, Rose Mayo, Roberta Mccann, Patricia phine Visconti, Yolanda Vitale, Renate Volk­ berg, Geraldine Colabella, Helen Connolly, McCarthy, Bridget McCormack, Kathleen hardt, Sonia Marie Wahl, Dorothy C. Ward, Barbara Conte. Mary Conti, Barbara A. McFall, Mary Ann .McGowan, Ceceilia McKee, Faith Warrington. Margaret Watson. Ellen Corbett, Mary Ann Corliss, Anna .R. Cotolo, .Sarah McNally, Florence A. Medaglia, Mildred Weidmyer, ElfriedeE. Weinreich, Joan Weller, Catherine Coughlan, Gertrude Crane, Geral­ Meinsen, Carol Melamedorf, Mary Ann Meni­ S.arah Ann Wilson, 1'4ary Jane Wink, Janet dine Crecco, Catherine Crisera, Camille Cris.­ chinl, Rose Marie Mercurio, Edith Merendino, Wojciscin, Carol Ann Woodman, Irene Woods, tiano, Georgia N. Cuomo, Jeannette CUomo, Joyce Messadi, Rose Messina, Theresa Michal­ Marilyn Yarzab, .Josephine Yodice, Joan Zab­ Ann Curry, Kathleen Cusack, Dorothy E.. ski, Elvira Miglino, Dolores J. Miller, Theo­ locki, Josephine Zach, Anna Zapulla, Rosina Cushing. dora K. Milonis, Mary Mingolla, .Margaret Zavaglia, Mary Zervoudakes, Marie Zosimo. · Mary D'Agostino, Helen Dalessio,. R.os:;tlle Mistretta, Ronnette Mitchell, Anna Moa, Evening session: William J. Anderson, Bar­ D'Ambra, .Joan, D'Amico, Marlene D'An(4"ea, Rosemarie B. Mokarry: Elba Monroig,. Bar­ bara A. Belmont, WHliam H . .Blake, Donald Marilyn J. Dangelo, Carole D'Antonio, .Angela bara Montemarano, Virginia Moon, Lillian J. Byrnes, Carlo Cam.pagnuolo, Arlene T. D'Antuono, Rosemary Davis, Jeanette Dti- Morab~to, Patz:icia Morabito, Angel~ Mor- Caravella; JoseJ>hine B. Corso, Johu c. Cun~ 1956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 11169 ningham, Richard M. Carrique, Chris Deme­ Cooperation in Government medal award: marked. True perhaps of 18th century Lon­ triades, Joanne Garry, David J. Gilmartin, Theresa A. DePompa. don, the good doctor's words also happen to John R. Ginty, Arne H. Hansen, Helen A. Cooperation in Government diplomas: have an uncomfortable relevance to the city Iwaniuk, Helen Kenan, Kennedy A. Kilroy, Christine Apreda, Marilyn Barra, Alba N. of Washington in the mid-20th. For in re­ Richard D. Lalor, Marion C. Lawrence, Norah Beneforti, Louise R. Deoliveira, Rita Hag­ cent years, in the fair name of defense, an M. Lonne, Margaret M. McDonnell, Idalia man, Barbara Kostecki, Carmela F. Lembo, astonishing number of dubious ventures Merced, William J . Morton, Salvatore A. Pe­ Eleanor J. Leschier, Ingrd M. Lindfors, Marion have been sanctioned by lawmakers and trolino, Patsy D. Rizzo, Racel Roman, Wil­ Masefield, Barbara A. Oleksak, Sallie A. executive agencies. Despite the change in liam H. Truax, Herbert L. White. Rhyne, Mary A. Uravic. administration, the habit has proved hard Highest scholastic honors: English, Norah Medals awarded by the mayor's committee to break. Admittedly, under Engine Charlie M. Lonne; mathematics, Christos Demetri­ on scholastic achievement: Theresa A. De­ Wilson, the military have abandoned their ades; social studies, Richard M. Carrique. Pompa, Ingrid M. Lindfors, Rita Hagman, bootless efforts to equip the B-36, an obso­ Awards: Elizabeth T. Fitzpatrick award, Marion Masefield, Mary A. Uravic, Dorothy C. lete piston-engine craft, with jets; similarly, William H. Truax; Theodore Roosevelt medal, Ward. they no longer encourage marginal auto Joanne Garry; Bausch & Lomb award in Perfect attendance pins: Carmela Aiello, makers to turn our flying boxcars. Yet, science, Christos Demetriades. Phyllis Alamia, Marie Auteri, Marilyn Barra, even today, if it is wrapped diligently enough Highest scholastic honors: Accounting, Mary E. Barry, Greta Berntson, Michelina in the American flag, the most barefaced Katherine Sgouros; art, Barbara A. Kostecki; Biunno, Elizabeth Buononato, Joan Carey, raid on the Treasury is still all too likely to biology, Rita Ferraiulo; chemistry, Sallie A. Edith Carlson, Madeline Casanova, Elizabeth succeed. Rhyne; economics, Louise R. Deoliveira; Cavallo, Angela D'Antuono, Louise DeOlivei­ In this connection, consider the strange English, Louise R. Deoliveira; French, Rita ra, Theresa DePompa, Rita Hagman, Ann case of the Government-owned tin smelter Hagman; health education, Katherine Jo­ Hom, Marie Iacobelli, Antoinette Iacovano, at Texas City, Tex. Some week ago, contrary hannesen; history, Rita Ferraiulo; home Barbara Jarembinsky, Barbara Kostecki, to White House recommendation, the Senate economics, foods, Ellen Weidmyer; home eco­ Louise Majka, Adele V. Manni, Anna Moa, voted unanimously to continue its opera­ nomics, clothing, Caroline Cherdron; Italian, Carolyn O'Keefe, Barbara A. Oleksak, Mary Alba Beneforti; Latin, Sylvia Rosanelli; tions for another year; the House is expected O'Mahoney, Vivian Palmeri, Victoria Pappas, soon to follow suit. The drive was led by mathematics, Louise Magnussen; music, vo.­ Angela Pasqualicchio, Marie Patti, Carmen Senator LYNDON JOHNSON, Democrat, of cal, Harriet Rosenblum; music, instrumental, Perez, Sylvia Rosanelli, Carole Rutkowski, Ann Marie Mancini; Norwegian, Margaret Texas, hundreds of whose constituents are Irene Saler, Joan Smigel, Christine Somma, gainfully employed at Texas City, but the Larsen; physics, Victoria Pappas; secretarial Dorothy Stafford, Joan Twigg, Mary Uravic, studies, Alice Malinowski; Spanish, Kathe­ case for the smelter was put · on other Margaret Watson, Ellen Weidmyer, Mary Jane grounds. In particular, Senator JOHNSON rine Sgouros; stenography, Angela Mastri­ Wink, Janet Wojcison. anni. stressed its contribution to the national se­ SCHOLARSHIPS Publications awards: Senior book editor curity, as well as to the welfare of a strategic in chief, Louise R. DeOliveira; senior publi­ good neighbor, the tin-rich Republic of Bo­ Admission to Cooper Union for the Ad­ cation art editor, Eleanor J. Leschief; assis­ livia. The fact is, however, that the tin vancement of Art and Science: Mona H. Eeks. tant editor, Elizabeth Pearce; Literary art operation, far from furthering United States Eastern School for Physicians' Aides, Inc.: publication, Marilyn Barra, Carmela F. interests, is a purposeful drain on the tax­ Jean H. Pekara. Lembo. payer. At the same time, it is helping to Fashion Institute of Technology scholar­ Ridge Echo: Coeditors, Barbara Kostecki, support a revolutionary South American re­ ships: Irene A. Bogdan, Helen D. Connolly, Barbara A. Oleksak. gime, which has as little respect for liberty Mona H. Eeks, Iris C. Tessitore. Gold medal for highest average for 4 years, as it has for property or law. Generoso Pope memorial scholarship: Katherine Sgouros. The smelter at Texas City, then, should Theresa A. DePompa. become the object of a controversy as hot as Grand Street Boys' Foundation scholar­ anything in its furnaces. But its beginnings ship: Ingrid M. Lindfors. were rather different. The plant was con- New York State regents college scholar­ -structed in 1941, when the rapid conquest of ships: Mona H. Eeks, Rita L. Ferraiulo, Anna Texas City Tin Smelter the Continent by the Nazis, and the immi.­ Stavrand (January class). nent danger to the British Isles and Eastern New York State regents science scholar­ Asia, threatened to cut off this country from ship: Ingrid M. Lindfors. EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF its vital supply of tin. The metal, of course, New York regents scholarships for nursing is the indispensable ingredient of many education: Linda Hartford, Joan Hunter, HON. RALPH A. GAMBLE chemical and metal products, most notably Nora J. Lacorte, Dorothy C. Ward. the tin can, without which the civilian econ­ OF NEW YORK School Art League scholarships: Mona H. omy would grind to a halt and no army could Eeks, Carmela F. Lembo. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF.S take the field. Completed in the spring of AWARDS Wednesday, June 27, 1956 1942, the Texas City smelter was, and is, Alexander Medal for Merit in Art: Carmela the only one of its kind in the Western F. Lembo. Mr. GAMBLE. Mr. Speaker, the dis­ Hemisphere; it undoubtedly played a valu­ Youth's Friends Association medal for out­ posal of the Government-owned tin able role in World War II. Since then, how­ standing contributions in art: Mona Eeks. smelter at Texas City, Tex., will consti­ ever, with the gradual reopening of the nor­ Belding memorial award for excellence in tute an important step in removing Gov­ mal channels of trade, its usefulness has been accounting: Katherine Sgouros. steadily dwindling. It has, besides, been ernment from fields which should be left running up a regular deficit of some millions Belding memorial award for excellence in to private enterprise. secretarial studies: Katherine Sgouros. of dollars annually and it has kept Washing­ St. Gaudens medal for fine draughtsman- In the past, the Congress hesitated in ton, willy-nilly, in the metal business. ship: Marilyn Barra. · taking action on a disposal program Hence, for the past 2 years the Eisenhower New York Classical Club medal for excel- which was recommended by the Presi­ administration has urged Congress to liqui• lence in Latin: Victoria Pappas. · dent, the Hoover Commission, and almost date the ,wartime tin program. Alliance Francaise membership award for These efforts have aroused the wrath of a the entire business community. small bu1; determined group of local politicos interest in French culture: Rose Rojnikoff. As we consider House Joint Resolution American Association of Teachers of who, while not shooting quite as straight as French, Spiers memorial medal for excellence 607, which provides for the disposal of Davy Crockett at the Alamo, have defended in French: Marie Iacobe~ll. this facility, it is helpful to review past their smelter with no less zeal. Their argu­ Pan American medal for creative work in informed editorial opinion dealing with ments, while rarely on target, nonetheless Spanish: Barbara Mullio. Government operation of the tin smelter. have been varied and far ranging. To illus­ Italian Teachers' Association medal for ex­ Barron's in its issue of May 23, 1955, had trate, the Texans and such out-of-State sup­ porters as Senator STUART SYMINGTON, Dem­ cellence in Italian: Marion Niceforo. a lead editorial entitled ''Mischief in American Association of Teachers of Span­ ocrat, Missouri, lately have concentrated Tin-the United States Is Punishing Its their fl.re on what they like to call the inter­ ish medal for excellence in Spanish: Angela Friends, Rewarding Its Foes." D'Antuono. . national tin cartel. This rapacious group, Steuben Society of America-Gen. Theo­ Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent which comprises the tin mines of Malaya and Indonesia as well as the British smelting dore Schwann, Unit No. 316, award for inter­ that this editorial be reprinted in the RECORD, firms, apparently knows just one business est shown in American history: Ingrid M. tactic-gouging. Without the Texas City Lindfors. The editorial follows: Louise Wingate Underhill memorial cer­ smelter, it is said, the American consumer tificate: Rosemarie B. Mokarry. [From Barron's of May 23, 1955] would be fair game. Public School Athletic League medals: MISCHIEF IN TIN-THE UNITED STATES Is While perhaps persuasive in some circles. Patricia Louise Fioto, Mary Jane Goebel, PUNISHING ITS FRIENDS, REWARDING lTS this line of reasoning overlooks 1 or 2 car­ Diane Hansen, Louise Majka. FOES dinal points. First, the wide fluctuations of Bausch & Lomb medal for exceptional prog­ "Patriotism is the last refuge of a scoun­ the tin price in the postwar years, so costly ress in science: Victoria Pappas. drel," wise old Samuel Johnson once Ie• at times to producers, suggest that the cartel, 11170 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 27 1f in truth it does exist, ls more pro_perly an Banking and Currency, and I heartily sons, would be considered unwarranted com­ object of pity than terror. More to the endorse its conclusions. petition with friendly foreign suppliers and point, the Texas City smelter and the United Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent with domestic importers, would be burden­ States stockpile it supplies, far from protect­ some to taxpayers, and might result in addi­ ing domestic users, actually tend to raise that the conclusions of this committee tional expense to domestic tin consumers. prices by keeping metal off the market. It's may be reprinted in the RECORD at this 3. Government maintenance of a smelter no accident that after every Congressional point in my remarks. in standby status is not p racticable. vote against abolishing the Texas City works. CONCLUSIONS 4. A domestic tin-smelting industry does tin quotations have firmed in London and Major conclusions are: that the determi­ not contribute fundamentally to this coun­ Singapore. nation as to the practicability of establishing try's independence of foreign supplies; there From the angle of defense, the Texans• a permanent tin-smelting industry in this are »o known appreciable tin deposits in the shots seem equally wild. For one thing, the country should be left to private enterprise; United States or in contiguous countries. trade estimates that the United States already that Government participation in the tin 5. A domestic tin-smelting industry would has piled up enough tin to last for at least business should terminate and Government not remove the vulnerabilit y of this country 6 years and possibly 10-longer than any operation of the Texas City smelter should to restrictive actions on the part of produc­ war in its history. But even if more of the cease not later than .June 30, 1956; and that ers of ores, concentrates, or metal acting in metal were genuinely needed, the Republic announcement of the termination of Gov­ concert (pp. 1-3). of Bolivia, which ships concentrates to Texas ernment activities in this field should pro­ City, is a dubious source to depen d on. The vide the impetus for serious consideration Mr. Speaker, I am not unmindful of present regime came to power a few years by private enterprise of the feasibility of the necessity of maintaining adequate ago through a leftist revolution, and ever establis hing such an industry independently. supplies of tin to meet any war emer­ since, by word and deed alike, it has shown More specifically: gency. Let me contrast the conditions an alarming resemblance to a dictatorship 1. Neither the United States defense nor which prevail today with those in exis­ of the proletariat. It h as burned news­ the national econ omy nor relations with tence when our Government decided to papers, suspended civil liberties, and im­ other friendly countries requires the Govern­ construct the tin smelter. At that time prisoned thousands of its citizens. In ad­ ment's continued participation in a domestic Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula dition, it has expropriated the private tin tin-smelting industry in the United States: mines. As a consequence, output h as {a) The minimum stoclcpile objective for supplied tin concentrates which were dropped off sho1·tly, inflation is rampant and primary tin metal has been fulfilled, and the smelted in Western Europe. Access to the people are in growing want. In fact, but long-term objective is expected to be fulfilled the tin producing areas in the Far East for the massive financial aid which Wash­ by June 30, 1956. These will more than ade­ was denied by the Japanese, and to the ington foolishly provides, the Government at quately offset the currently estimated deficit European tin smelters by the Germans. La Paz in all likelihood would not long sur­ in a wartime emergency. Our only available source of tin concen­ vive. (b) Should a wartime demand arise for trates was from Bolivian ore. These In regard to tin, then, this country bas domestic smelting facilities as a result of un­ concentrates could not be smelted in the been following the absurd policy of punish­ foreseen developments, an up-to-date and ing its friends and rewarding its enemies. efficient smelter could be built quickly, as Western Hemisphere. Steps were ac­ Other South American countries, which have in World War II. Ores and concentrates cordingly taken to erect the tin smelter little liking for Communist or racist revolts, could be contracted for and held in readiness at Texas City to refine these concen­ cannot help but wonder at United States for the smelter, and stockpile metal could trates. This was a proper step for our generosity to a fundamentally hostile and supply industry until the new flow of domes­ Government to take as a war measure. anti-Yanqui Bolivia. By the same token, tic production began. The 79th Congress enacted Public Law the British are growing restive at what they (c) The national economy has not been de­ 520 which provided for a realistic stock­ rightly consider unwarranted senatorial pendent upon a domestic tin-smelting indus­ piling program. President Eisenhower sniping. Just last week the head of one of try. Industrial requirements for primary tin the biggest tin firms in the United Kingdom are now being met through imports alone. has implemented this law by establishing protested several "glaring inaccuracies" in {d) Countries that have supplied material two stockpile objectives, a minimum a report recently issued by a committ ee of to the Texas City smelter and to the stock­ stockpile objective which has been ful­ the upper House, and requested a retraction. pile have been apprised of the probable dis­ filled for tin, and a long-term objective All this suggests that the issues go far be­ continuance of the smelter and the impend­ which is expected to be fulfilled by June yang the confines of Texas City; more than ing cessation of stoclcpile purchases in ample 30, of this year. The long-range stock­ a local industry is at stake. It's up to Con­ time to find other markets. Their depend­ pile objective represents this country's gress as a whole to overrule the Senate and ence upon the United States as a market has total foreseeable wartime requirements to set things to rights in tin. been a !'elatively recent development and should not be considered unalterable. How­ for primary tin, based on an assumption Mr. Speaker, I take great satisfaction ever, should a t in-smelting industry be estab­ that neither tin in ores or concentrates in suppo1·ting House Joint Resolution 607 lished in this country by private enterprise, nor tin metal will be imported from over­ which will finally authorize the disposal obviously there would continue to be a mar­ seas sources in time of war. With the of the Government-owned tin smelter ket for foreign ores and concentrates since fulfillment of this long-range stockpile at Texas City, Tex. the domest ic raw material supply is negligi­ objective, there can be no justification More than a year ago on April 21, ble. on the ground of national security for 1955, I introduced House Joint Resolu­ ( e) Some advantages would accrue to rela­ continued operation of a Government tions between the United States and coun­ facility of this type. tion 285 to authorize the immediate dis­ tries supplying ores and concentrates if the posal of the smelter. The Congress, in smelter were to remain in operation. How­ In the past it has been argued that its wisdom, adopted Senate Concurrent ever, these are not of such significance that this facility would lessen this country's Resolution 26, which authorized the op­ the decision concerning i~ future operation dependence upon foreign sources for tin. eration of the Texas City tin smelter should hinge on them. I am referring to peacetime require­ by the Government for another year. It 2. The establishment of a domestic tin­ ments, as the stockpile meets our needs also requested the President "to have smelting industry should be left to private in time of war. The report of the inter­ conducted a study and investigation for enterprise on a free enterprise basis. agency committee to the President clear­ the purpose of recommending the most (a) Government participation in the tin ly showed that this dependence would not business should be terminated and the opera­ feasible methods of maintaining a per­ tion of the Texas City tin smelter by the be lessened by the presence of a tin manent domestic tin smelting industry Government should cease not later than smelter as long as we still require imports in the United States." June 30, 1956. An announcement to this of tin concentrates. Mr. Speaker, I ask The President asked the Office of De­ effect and the terms of disposal of the Texas unanimous coment that the chapter of .fense Mobilization and an interagency City smelter should be made promptly, while the report to the President reviewing this group comprised of representatives of the the smelter is still in operation. Continued subject may be reprinted at this point Government operation discourages interest in my remarks: Departments of State, the Treasury, De­ of private enterprise in operating a domestic fense, the Interior, and Commerce, the tin smelter. 1. Dapendence of the United States on other General Services Administration, and (b) Government assistance, other than aid countries: Since the United States has no to a private operator in negotiations with appreciable tin deposits, she must import the United States Tariff Commission, to practically all her supplies of tin from other him. foreign governments, should not be depended make this study for The President upon for maintenance of a domestic tin­ countries, some of which are substantially presented the study to the Congress on smelting industry. Government subsidy in underdeveloped and often subjected to polit­ March 29, 1956. It has been given care­ any form, for other than national defense, ical disturbances. She is not a substantial ful consideration by the Committee on national economy, or foreign relations rea- exporter of primary tin, but does export a 1956 CQNGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 11171 large quantity of manufactured products possible to find some private operator to opportunity for the exercise of individual containing tin, principally tinplate, canned take over the smelter and agree to run it at initiative of our private citizens consist­ goods, and machinery. some minimum output, the Government ent with our security and the welfare of Before the construction of the Texas City would be justified in a lease or sale arrange­ tin smelter, commercial supplies of metal ment which would give only a nominal re­ all of our people. were imported primarily from Malaya, with turn of the capital investment that the Gov­ The activities of the Federal Govern­ lesser amounts from Indonesia, the Nether­ ernment has in the smelter. ment in areas which we normally do lands, and the United Kingdom. After the That ls a general outline of the Interior's not regard as governmental are so vast smelter was established, Bolivia, Indonesia, approach to this thing (hearings, part 10, that they defy description. When Presi­ the Belgian Congo, and Thailand became im­ p. 845). dent Eisenhower was inaugurated the portant sources of concentrates for the Mr. Merrill's statement has been sup­ Federal Government was engaged in United States. more than 100 different ventures, in­ With the advent of war in Europe in 1939, ported by the Assistant Secretary of the the United States had no significant stock­ Interior for Mineral Resources, Felix E. cluding bread baking, coffee roasting, pile of tin, neither was she adequately pre­ Wormser, who happens to be one of my scrap metal baling, rope making, cloth­ pared to offset the possible loss of access to constituents. He is a man who has de­ ing manufacture, furniture repairing, the major tin-producing areas in the Far voted his entire life to the mining in­ the operation of sawmills, laundries, and East. Germany's assault on Belgium, the dustry. dry-cleaning establishments, paint man­ Netherlands, and France in 1940 provided ufacture, tire retreading, the making of the incentive for a greatly intensified na­ The Report of the Hoover Commission ice cream and motion pictures, operat­ tional defense effort, and the Department of on Business Enterprises, page 90, reaf­ ing railroads and ships, and writing life the Treasury began acquiring a stockpile firms Mr. Merrill's statement. The insurance. under Public Law 117 (76th Cong.). As Commission stated: the quantity of tin available for purchase The Federal Government, in addition was limited by quotas, the United States Gov­ The Texas City tin smelter was a necessary to its proper governmental activities, is ernment negotiated with the International enterprise begun during World War II. The the largest single electric-power producer Tin Committee for removal of restrictions tin sources in the East had been captured by in the country, it operates the largest in exchange for a guaranty that the United the Japanese and there was no smelter for South American tin ores in the Western insurance business, it is our greatest States would purchase all supplies at a stipu­ banker, it is the largest tenant and the lated price. As a result of these negotiations, Hemisphere. South America was the only production was permitted at the rate of 130 source of tin in this hemisphere as there are largest landlord, it owns more grain than percent of a predetermined quota for the no substantial deposits known in North anyone else, it operates more warehouses, year beginning July 1, 1940, as compared with America. The Texas City smelter property, more ships, and more trucks. 80 percent level in force during the second plant, and equipment cost about $13,200,000 Mr. Speaker, some members of the quarter of 1940 .. This represented virtually and the current depreciated book value is Congress have been devoting long hours unrestricted production. The United States $6,500,000. to a study of monopoly and the concen­ Government contracted to purchase all sup­ The smelter has produced about 33,000 tons of tin annually. In recent years the metal tration of economic power. There bas plies of tin offered, up to 75,000 tons, at not never been such a concentration as ex­ less than 50 cents a pound, cost, insurance, has been added to the strategic stockpile. and freight, domestic ports, which enabled The stockpile is now estimated at a 5-year its within our Federal Government. industry to build up inventories far above war supply. In the comparatively short time since normal needs and the Government to add , The smelter is uneconomical for many rea­ President Eisenhower has been in office to the stockpile of tin. sons and the loss in 1954 was $1,504,233. As great progress has been made in better Smelting facilities in the United States there is no reason fqr continued operation, defining the proper scope of govern- cannot in time of peace or war lessen this President Eisenhower on January 2, 1954, - mental activities. One of the first acts country's dependence 'iJ'On foreign sources, recommended that it be closed on June 30 of that year (pp. 90 and 91). of this administraiton was to sell the nor can they remove vulnerability to re­ Inland Waterways Corporation to pri­ strictive actions by producers of ores, con­ Mr. Speaker, the time has come for us centrates, or metal, acting in concert. An vate enterprise for $9 million. It op­ assumption that domestic smelting facilities to permit normal economic forces to be erated barge lines for many years. could remove this vulnerability would be operative in this situation. Government President Eisenhower has taken the valid only if it could be assured that some operations of the smelter should be ter­ Federal Government out of the hotel major seller of concentrates would pursue minated as soon as possible. business. The Department of the In­ a policy different from that of those produc­ The resolution reported by the Com­ terior no longer operates Bluebeard's ers acting in concert. There is nothing in mittee on Banking and Currency, House Castle in the Virgin Islands. lt"has been the record of previous actions by any seller to substantiate this point of view. An ef­ Joint Resolution 607, provides for opera­ sold with the proceeds going into the fective safeguard in the event of a war tion of the smelter to no later than general funds of the Treasury and the emergency is the Vnited States stockpile of January 31, 1957. In other words, we property is now on the tax rolls. tin metal. In normal times, the satisfac­ are extending the authority for Govern­ Our synthetic rubber producing f acili­ tion of United States industrial needs is de­ ment operation of the smelter for an ad­ ties have now been sold to private in­ pendent upon international trade under ditional 7 months from its expiration dustry. This is probably the largest and which this country's industry can acquire under present law on June 30, 1956. This most important transfer of activities by supplies from abroad in adequate quantities is a wise provision as it will promote the and at reasonable prices (pp. 9-10). the Federal Government to private en­ sale of the smelter as a going concern if terprise. President Eisenhower on April Mr. Speaker, I know of no subject private enterprise can be induced to take 30, 1956, submitted his report to the Con­ which has been more carefully reviewed over the facility. gress concerning the Nation's rubber re­ over the years than the problem of in­ The 83d Congress conducted extensive quirements and resources, pursuant to suring adequate tin supplies. studies of Government operations of a section 10 of the Rubber Producing Fa­ In 1954, a Special Subcommittee on commercial nature and recommended cilities Disposal Act of 1953. He rec­ Minerals, Materials, and Fuels Econom­ the discontinuance of many such activ­ ommended the disposal of the Akron ics of the Senate Committee on Interior ities with no detriment to any proper laboratories to private industry. I voice and Insular Affairs received testimony Government function and with substan­ my approval of this further step in get­ on the operation of the Texas City smel­ tial savings to our taxpayers. The ting Government out of business. ter from Charles W. Merrill, the assist­ Hoover Commission has also covered this Mr. Speaker, passage of House Joint ant chief of the Minerals Division of the area thoroughly. Fortunately, when we Resolution 607 will save the taxpayers Bureau of Mines, Department of the In­ passed the appropriation bill for the De­ millions of dollars. It will promote pri­ terior. Mr. Merrill said: fense Department for the fiscal year 1957, vate enterprise, and it will be done with­ It is believed however first, that the we removed the provision requiring out, in any way, jeopardizing our na­ United States Government should get out congressional sanction to terminate com­ tional security, as the attainment of the of the tin-smelting business. Second, it is mercial-type activities which the Sec­ long-range stockpile objective for tin as­ believed that it is desirable to have a tin retary of Defense believes should be sures us of ample supplies of this vital smelter in the United States operated pri- eliminated with no loss to our fighting material to meet any contingency. We . vately, but that that desirability is not suf­ effectiveness and with benefit to our must get the Federal Government out of ficient to justify a direct subsidy or tariff protection. taxpayers. the tin-smelting business and continue - And third, the security angle is considered President Eisenhower's policies are our efforts to promote private enterprise of sufficient importance so that, if it were designed to afford the greatest possible in essentially commercial fields.