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Mango Varieties 284 FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1954 variety of rootstocks have been used on avo avocados should prove to be susceptible to de cados in Florida. There is a bare possibility cline from nematodes, it is possible they could that some of these may be tolerant or even be replaced safely with mangos or lychees resistant to attack by these nematodes; this where desirable. would explain the occurrence of healthy trees While there is a question at present whether frequently found among declining trees. If burrowing and meadow nematodes, either there is reason to do so after the initial inocu alone or in combination, cause a decline that lation tests on avocados are conclusive, the is readily recognizable as such, there is no next logical step in this problem will be to question but that they have an adverse effect run rootstock trials, using the same inocula on the trees. It is hardly conceivable that the tion technique. extensive root damage observed does not re It will be of interest to mango and lychee duce growth and yield. This can be an in growers that there is no evidence yet that sidious sort of thing, without distinct above- either of these is subject to severe infestation ground symptoms, that over a period of years by these nematodes. Nevertheless, mango may be almost as costly as a definite decline. seedlings are being tested at the Sub-Tropical As information increases on host plants, means Station in the same manner as avocados with of dispersal, natural enemies and conditions burrowing and meadow nematodes. The Cit under which the burrowing and meadow ne rus Station has a limited amount of evidence matodes may become epidemic to the point of that lychees are not susceptible to burrowing nematodes. They are testing this further by causing definite decline, it is possible that sat inoculation under controlled conditions. If isfactory control measures will be developed. MANGO VARIETIES R. Bruce Ledin are referred to as the Philippine and Saigon mangos. Some, like the Caraboa and Pico, Sub-Tropical Experiment Station are well-known varieties in the Philippines. Others, like the Manila, Cecil, Cambodiana, Homestead and Saigon, were introduced to Florida as Mango varieties in Florida are either "horti seeds, the Manila from Mexico, Cecil from cultural varieties" propagated vegetatively, or Cuba, Cambodiana and Saigon from Indo- seedling "races" or "types." Regardless of China. They are polyembryonic and are fre this distinction, they can conveniently be quently propagated from seed. Because of classified into four groups, as follows: this they are generally referred to as types 1. Varieties introduced from India. These rather than varieties. The Cambodiana and are known as the Indian mangos and include Cecil, however, are horticultural varieties and the Mulgoba, Amini, Paheri, and Sandersha. are propagated vegetatively. The Philippine The plants or grafting material were originally mangos are principally found in collections or brought to this country many years ago by the as dooryard trees. United States Department of Agriculture. 3. Varieties or types introduced from the These varieties have never performed well in West Indies and South America. The types commercial plantings and today they are known as Turpentine and No. 11, which were found mostly in collections. The seeds are the first mangos brought into Florida nearly typically monoembryonic. a century ago, are typical of this group. They 2. Varieties or types that were introduced are polyembryonic and propagated from seed. either directly from the Philippines and They are not planted commercially but are French Indo-China, or from some other coun common trees scattered throughout South and try, but because the fruit possesses certain Central Florida. Because they usually pro characters in common, they are listed in this duce an abundance of fruit, tney serve as a group regardless of place of origin. They source of seed for root stock. Other varieties propagated vegetatively and quite unlike Tur Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal pentine and No. 11, are included in this group Series, No. 316. LEDIN: MANGO VARIETIES 285 because they came from the West Indies or tion for several years and seem worthy of South America. Three of these are the Julie varietal description. from Trinidad, Madame Francis from Haiti, and Itamaraca from Brazil. Eldon The Eldon originated on the property of 4. Varieties originating in Florida as first W. B. Eldon, 1055 S. W. 12th Ct, Miami. generation seedlings of Indian varieties (such The seed, reported to be from a Haden tree, as Brooks, Haden, Kent), or as second gen was planted in 1939; it first bore fruit in 1942. eration seedlings (such as Fascell, Irwin, Lip- It was first propagated about 1948 by J. W. pens, Smith). This group also includes three Chafer and Lawrence Zill. The tree is of varieties (Edward, Samini and Simmonds) that moderate vigor, upright with a dense head of are considered to be crosses between Indian light-green foliage; the new leaves are a pale and Philippine mangos, and one (Davis- brownish-red. The fruit is of medium size Haden) that is considered as a mutation or with an attractive variegated color which upon sport of the Haden. Twenty-nine of these ripening becomes a very bright tomato-red. varieties have been officially named and de Season is July. scribed (see Table 1). The old varieties, such as the Haden, Brooks, and Springfels, have Description of fruit (Fig. 1). Form oval; been planted commercially for several dec size medium; weight up to 18 ounces; length ades. But during the past 15 years an intensi 4& inches, width 3J£ inches, thickness 3 inches; fied search has been made for varieties that base flattened, the stout stem inserted squarely will bear with greater regularity and produce and slightly elevated, the cavity shallow; apex good yields of fruit of high quality and good rounded; beak lateral and sometimes incon eye appeal. It is considered by many that spicuous, 1 inch above apex; surface smooth; from this group of new varieties originating in skin thick but easily separating; bloom gray Florida will come mangos that will hold more and slight; ground color pale yellow with the promise for the future of Florida's mango in blush a bright tomato-red; before ripe the dustry. The Mango Forum and its variety coloring is variegated with pastel shades of committee has helped to bring some of these yellow, orange, red, purple-red, and green; newer varieties before the public. The Uni lenticels numerous, medium large, yellow; versity of Florida Sub-Tropical Experiment flesh pale yellow to deep yellow, firm, melting, Station, the University of Miami Experimental juicy, sweet, with a pleasant aroma; fiber ab Farm, nurserymen, and many individuals have sent in flesh; medium long on seed; quality aided this work in searching for better vari good to very good; seed monoembryonic. eties. Nearly 75 varieties are on test at the Sub-Tropical Experiment Station to determine Jacquelin yield, performance, susceptibility to anthrac- The Jacquelin originated of unknown par nose, etc., and since 1948 yield records have entage in Lake Worth and has been propa been maintained. gated by nurseries since about 1950. The Of the 32 varieties that are listed in Table tree is vigorous growing, upright and spread 1, those that are being planted commercially ing, with a dense head of dark-green foliage; include the following in order of popularity: the new leaves are brownish-red in color. The Kent, Zill, Irwin, Keitt, Palmer, Davis-Haden, fruit is large, attractively colored and the Haden, Lippens, and Fascell. To a lesser ex flavor is very good to excellent. Season is tent the following varieties are being planted: June and early July. Brooks, Springfels, Edward, Florigon, Smith, Description of fruit (Fig. 2). Form round Carrie, Dixon, and Glenn. to reniform, asymetrical, with the left shoulder high and the right shoulder sloping; size Several other varieties are being planted; large; weight 22 ounces; length 5% inches, these include the Eldon, Jacquelin, Ruby, and width 4M inches, thickness 3% inches; base Sensation. Since these have not been offici rounded, the stout stem inserted obliquely in ally named, they are described in this paper the deep cavity; apex rounded; beak small and for the first time; Also named and described lateral, % inch above apex; surface smooth but are Adams, Earlygold, and Sunset, which have slightly undulating; skin thick but easily sep been under observation at the Experiment Sta arating; bloom heavy, gray; ground color 286 Table 1. FLORIDA MANGO TAB1STIBS VARIETY YEAR SEJBD YF.AR FIRST TEAR PROPAGATED TEAR NAME FIRST FARSHT VHBRS PIANTDD FRUITED COMMERICALLY TUB1ISHSD ORIGINATED Alice 1935 mo — 1950. lynch A ?*ustsrd Saigon South Miami Andereon 1926 1931 — 1948. Lynch A Krone Sandersha Miami Brooks 1Q10, ca. 1916,ca 1924 Beach 1942! Wolfe A Lynch Sandersha Miami Cambodians 1902 — 1015. Rolfs Seed fron Miami Saigon 1950. Lynch A Mustard Sophie Fry Delray Beach Carrie — 1940 1940,ca. Cecil 1900 or 1907 (1910) 1910. Taylor Seod from Miami 1902 DaTis-H&den 1942 1945,ca. 1948. lynch A Kronw Mutation of Miami Haden Dizon 1930,ca. — 1949 1950. lynch Unknown Coconut Grore 1044. Kdward 1923-287 — 1948,ca. Sturrock A Wolfe 1944. D. R. Sturrock Haden X Carabao Miami Taacell* 1929 1936 1942 1942. Wolfe A Lynch Brooks Miami Florigon 1932 1938 1947,ca. 1947. Ruehle Unknown Ft. Lauderdele Fragrance** — 1930 (1935) 1942. Wolfe A Lynch Unknown Naples Gibbone 1921 1931 — 1934 . Krone 1950. lynch A Mustard Unknown Miami Glean 1940 19*5 1950,ca. 1948. Lincoln A Cobin Haden Viami Golden Brooke 1936 1942 — 1948. Lynch A Krone Brooks South Miami Haden 1902 1910 1910-12 1912. Cftllon 1915.
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