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Professional Activities (1930–1981) of Latvian-Born Lithuanian Architect and Engineer Karolis Reisonas (1894–1981) in Kaunas

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Professional Activities (1930–1981) of Latvian-Born Lithuanian Architect and Engineer Karolis Reisonas (1894–1981) in Kaunas HISTORY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION No. 3, Sept. 2019, pp. 35–51 2019/3 PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIEShttps://doi.org/10.7250/HESIHE.2019.003 LITHUANIAN ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER(1930–1981) KAROLIS OF LATVIAN-BORN REISONAS AND ADELAIDE CITIES (1894–1981) IN KAUNAS, PANEVĖŽYS SIGITAS VLADAS SALADŽINSKAS* Lithuanian Society for Engineering Graphics and Geometry KRISTINA VAISVALAVIČIENĖ (Vilnius, Lithuania) Vytautas Magnus University (Kaunas, Lithuania) Summary. The article introduces the professional activities of Latvian-born Lithuanian architect and engineer Karolis Reisonas (in Latvian: Kārlis Reisons; Kaunas Panevėžys K.1894–1981) Reisonas in the second half of his life – from 1930 in , interwarand Adelaide Lithuanian cities –architecture and his role and in thetogether history with of otherLithuanian famous architecture. Lithuanian architects formed was one a specialof the moststyle prominentof Kaunas creatorsmodern architectureof modern 20th-century in interwar K. Reisonas is the author or co-author of representative buildings in Šiauliai Kaunas period. K. Reisonas worked as Šiauliai City Engineer and , and other Lithuanian cities, as well as in Riga and AdelaideŠiauliai cities. Architect and engineer Head of Municipal Construction Department (1922–1930),Kaunas Director of VocationalPanevėžys School (1926), Consultant of Lithuanian Chamber of Agriculture (1927–1928), Head of Construction Department of Municipality (1930– 1938), City Engineer (1940) and Burgomaster (1941–1944). From- nument1949, the of Reisonas Independence family livedin Šiauliai in Adelaide city, Australia. KaunasTo his projects city and three Roman monuments Catholic ofChrist’s independence Resurrection were builtChurch in Lithuaniain Kaunas – Mo Fourteen of buildings in Lithuania (in city, Kaunas Podium and Šiauliaiof the Freedom Monument of K. Reisonas’ projects city. cities) designed by him are included in the list of cultural values of Lithuania. Early E-mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author. Sigitas Vladas Saladžinskas, Kristina Vaisvalavičiene This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License © 2019 . Publisher RTU Press. 35 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). HISTORY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 2019/3 «brick style» are characterized by historism, elements of eclecticism and , later projects are characterized by austere rationalism, functionalism, adaptation to urbanKeywords construction: Karolis Reisonasand cultural and historical context. Kaunas Panevėžys - , architecture of Lithuania, , , Ade laide city. Introduction The aim of the article is to familiarize readers with the professional activities of the Latvian-born Lithuanian architect and engineer Karolis Reisonas Kaunas continuation of the scientific article «Professional Activities of Latvian- born Lithuanian from June Architect 1930, when and heEngineer started Karolisto work Reisonas in city. It is a in Šiauliai» published in the scientific journal of the Research Centre for (1894–1981) This article introduces K. Reisonas’ activities in the second half of his Engineering History of Riga Technical University (RTU) (2018/2). architect and engineer moved to Kaunas landscapelife, starting of fromKaunas the city summer without of the1930, vertical when ofa Latvian-bornthe bell tower Lithuanian of Christ’s Resurrection Church designed by K. Reisonas city. visible It is hard from to every imagine point the in the city. This Roman Catholic Church is a symbol of national resurrection hadand beenwas builtthe only during one thein K. interwar Reisonas’ period. When Lithuania regained its stillindependence, be included the in thechurch history was of given Kaunas back to the believers. If this project professional career, his name would in recent years in Lithuania significant andsteps Lithuanian have been architecture. taken to bring Researching and promoting his works is especially relevant today, as Kaunas city andthe modernfourteen architecture of buildings ofin theLithuania interwar designed period byto himthe UNESCOare included World in Heritage List [1]. Seven objects designed by him were built in the list of cultural values of Lithuania. Kaunas – Modern Temporary Capital of Lithuania After active administrative and creative work in Šiauliai K. Reisonas moved to Kaunas city, and at that time Kaunas became, the the temporary administrative capital centre of Lithuania. of Lithuania For about 20 years, Vilnius and the K.eastern Reisonas part was of Lithuania appointed were Head annexed of the Construction Department of Kaunas and began to develop rapidly. City on 1 June 1930 and was in the position until February 1938. 36 Sigitas Vladas Saladžinskas, Kristina Vaisvalavičienė Professional The Kaunas period was the most productive in the architect’s bio- Activities - of Latvian-born Lithuanian(1930–1981) graphy – he had great opportunities, was commissioned to design impor Architect and Engineer tant objects and had success in competitions. It was the time when he Karolis Reisonas Lithuanianstarted applying citizen the Elena principles Butnevičiūtė of functionalismKaunas is inalso his the work. native In city1930, of having received the permission form the Bishop of Rome, he married both K. Reisonas’ Renata Irvis and(1894–1981) Adelaide incities [2], Kaunas, Panevėžys K. Reisonas started children to –develop daughter the projects(born for in Kaunas 1931) andcity sonalready when(born inliving 1934). in Šiauliai engineer Grigorijus Gumeniukas city. One of the first works – togetherLaisvės with alėja an K. Reisonas took part in (1892–1969) the competition – was of aproject project ideas for thefor Christ’smodern Resurrectioncinema «Forum» Church with in 700 Kaunas seats (1929–1930, 46a ). In 1928, K. Reisonas’ project was in the third place in the contest . It was crucial for the architect’s life. Although (out of 15 participants), he was invited to continue developing the idea. LithuanianAfter a few artistsattempts, Mikalojus the architect Konstantinas presented Čiurlionis an impressive project to Kazysthe commission, Šimonis which was reminiscent of the inspirations [3] of famous (1875–1911) and (1887–1978). Information about the planned construction of the church was also distributed in Latvia. Figure 1. The project of Christ’s Resurrection Church in Kaunas city (1929) [4]. «Lauku Doma» («Country View and «Vērotājs» («Observer In 1929, newspaper ») to Kaunas city») about as does the thenew Eiffel church Tower wrote: to Paris«.. it willor the be bigone cathedral of the most in Colognebeautiful» buildings in the Baltic States .. it will give the same importance . It was reported: « .. the church will be 83 meters high and the 37 HISTORY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 2019/3 statue of Christ at the top of the tower is going to be seven meters high» It was described as a building of peculiar Gothic style with foundry orna- -. hor of the project was mentioned in the article without mentioning that ments that could seat up to 6000 people [5]. Only the surname of the aut unfortunately became a rather painful argument of the critics about the he was of a Latvian nationality.Halina Kairiukštytė-Jacinienė In Lithuania, on the other hand, this fact that the choice of a foreigner as a project developer «hurt national ambi- tionsarchitect. and egoArt ofhistorian Lithuanian architects» (1896–1984) wrote . The critic noted that the project andhad claimedthe lack thatof «Lithuanian he was not concept»the right personand artistic to «build quality, a Lithuanian the architect Cat- belonged to a «wrong» confession, he was erroneously called a reformer holic Church» [6]. The project surprised some and irritated others, nevertheless it- stimulated public imagination. Initially, the commission approved the- project, but soon it was abolished when it became clear that the cons truction of such a church would cost too much for Lithuania. Neverthe less, the architect did not give up and in 1932, he presented a new project of the church. In 1933, the senior construction inspector confirmed it and the construction began in 1934 [7]. Figure 2. Christ’s Resurrection Church in Kaunas (2018) [8]. - Kaunas People donated funds to build« thisthe projectchurch. harmoniouslyReports on the merges new buil the modernding also style appeared with inthe the style Latvian of the press. church In aand special the reportspirit of from the monu- mentcity in» 1936 it was written that - its author. The is article engineer also Reisonas mentioned of Latvian architect’s nationality nationality:» «.. This buil ding will be one of the most grandiose buildings in the Baltic States and [9]. Such content 38 Sigitas Vladas Saladžinskas, Kristina Vaisvalavičienė Professional was politically handy for promoting the idea of bringing Lithuania and Activities of Latvian-born K. Reisonas is the only official author of the Resurrection Church pro- Lithuanian(1930–1981) Latvia closer. Vladimiras Dubeneckis Architect and Engineer Karolis Reisonas ject, but it is possible that his colleague, architectLina Preišegalavičien - (1888–1932), was also unofficially involved in developing the artistic hor of the monograph on the works of V. Dubeneckis and(1894–1981) Adelaide incities idea of the building. Doctor ofV. art Dubeneckis science himself did not takeė, thepart aut in Kaunas, Panevėžys , recently proposed- such a hypothesis. Although - sentthe competition church project of church is undoubtedly
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