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RUSSIANS in LITHUANIA DEPARTMENT of NATIONAL MINORITIES UNDER the GOVERNMENT of the REPUBLIC of LITHUANIA Raugyklos Str

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RUSSIANS in LITHUANIA DEPARTMENT of NATIONAL MINORITIES UNDER the GOVERNMENT of the REPUBLIC of LITHUANIA Raugyklos Str NATIONAL COMMUNITIES IN LITHUANIA FACTS FIGURES ACTIVITIES RUSSIANS IN LITHUANIA DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL MINORITIES UNDER THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA Raugyklos str. 25-102, LT-01140 Vilnius Tel. (+370) 219 48 04 E-mail: [email protected] www.tmde.lt www.facebook.com/TMdepartamentas Printed by UAB „Baltijos kopija“ Kareivių str. 13 B, LT-09109 Vilnius Edition 200 copies © Department of National Minorities under the Government of the Republic of Lithuania, 2019 © UAB „Baltijos kopija“, 2019 DEMOGRAPHY Russians are the second largest national community in Lithuania. According to the 2011 Population and Housing Census, Russians numbered 176 913 people, comprising 5,8% of the Lithuanian population. Russians are mostly concentrated in Vilnius, Klaipėda, Kaunas, Visaginas. A fairly large number of Russians also live in the districts of Rokiškis, Zarasai, Ignalina, Jonava, Švenčionys, which have traditional Old Believer communities. Russian population by municipality, 2011 % Russians Population, total Total in Lithuania 5,8 176 913 3 043 429 Alytus County 1,3 1 973 157 766 Alytus City Municipality 1,2 725 59 964 Alytus District Municipality 0,6 157 28 167 Druskininkai Municipality 2,7 594 21 803 Lazdijai District Municipality 0,8 190 22 455 Varėna District Municipality 1,2 307 25 377 Kaunas County 3,3 19 784 608 332 Birštonas Municipality 0,7 33 4 626 Jonava District Municipality 8,2 3 827 46 519 Kaišiadorys District Municipality 2,6 876 33 786 Kaunas City Municipality 3,8 11 913 315 993 Kaunas District Municipality 1,8 1 564 85 998 Kėdainiai District Municipality 2,2 1 171 54 057 Prienai District Municipality 0,7 217 29 859 Raseiniai District Municipality 0,5 183 37 494 Klaipėda County 10,4 35 265 339 062 Klaipėda City Municipality 19,6 31 872 162 360 Klaipėda District Municipality 3,1 1 586 51 308 Kretinga District Municipality 0,8 311 41 345 Neringa Municipality 4,4 114 2 570 Palanga City Municipality 2,8 433 15 732 Skuodas District Municipality 0,6 130 20 591 Šilutė District Municipality 1,8 819 45 156 3 Marijampolė County 0,7 1 099 161 649 Kalvarija Municipality 0,7 86 12 056 Kazlų Rūda Municipality 0,9 115 13 235 Marijampolė Municipality 0,8 499 61 366 Šakiai District Municipality 0,4 117 32 488 Vilkaviškis District Municipality 0,7 282 42 504 Panevėžys County 2,3 5 660 250 390 Biržai District Municipality 0,8 236 28 171 Kupiškis District Municipality 1,7 344 20 251 Panevėžys City Municipality 2,4 2 434 99 690 Panevėžys District Municipality 1,2 472 39 011 Pasvalys District Municipality 0,6 167 28 378 Rokiškis District Municipality 5,8 2 007 34 889 Šiauliai County 2,7 8 039 301 686 Akmenė District Municipality 2,5 574 23 307 Joniškis District Municipality 1,3 332 26 173 Kelmė District Municipality 1,4 460 32 412 Pakruojis District Municipality 0,6 146 23 745 Radviliškis District Municipality 2,8 1 186 42 389 Šiauliai City Municipality 4,1 4 512 109 328 Šiauliai District Municipality 1,9 829 44 332 Tauragė County 0,7 723 110 059 Jurbarkas District Municipality 0,5 151 30 186 Pagėgiai Municipality 1,6 156 9 500 Šilalė District Municipality 0,3 74 26 520 Tauragė District Municipality 0,8 342 43 853 Telšiai County 1,4 2 184 152 078 Mažeikiai District Municipality 2,3 1 331 58 242 Plungė District Municipality 0,5 195 38 151 Rietavas Municipality 0,4 31 8 691 Telšiai District Municipality 1,3 627 46 994 Utena County 12,4 18 905 152 004 Anykščiai District Municipality 2,4 701 28 668 Ignalina District Municipality 8,3 1 528 18 386 Molėtai District Municipality 2,5 521 20 700 Utena District Municipality 2,3 990 43 275 Visaginas Municipality 51,9 11 724 22 585 Zarasai District Municipality 18,7 3 441 18 390 4 Vilnius County 10,3 83 281 810 403 Elektrėnai Municipality 5,9 1 463 24 975 Šalčininkai District Municipality 5,4 1 858 34 544 Širvintos District Municipality 2,1 365 17 571 Švenčionys District Municipality 13,3 3 702 27 868 Trakai District Municipality 8,3 2 849 34 411 Ukmergė District Municipality 3,5 1 415 40 055 Vilnius City Municipality 11,9 63 991 535 631 Vilnius District Municipality 8,0 7 638 95 348 RUSSIAN POPULATION IN LITHUANIA, 2011 RUSSIAN POPULATION IN LITHUANIA, 2011 Alytus County Kaunas County 1 973 19 784 Vilnius County 83 281 Klaipėda County 35 265 Marijampolė County 1 099 Panevėžys County 5 660 Šiauliai County 8 039 Tauragė County 723 Telšiai County Utena County 2 184 18 905 MUNICIPALITIES WITH THE LARGEST RUSSIAN POPULATION Visaginas Klaipėda Zarasai Švenčionys Vilnius Ignalina Trakai Jonava Vilnius Kaunas City District District City District District District District City 5 EDUCATION In the academic year 1798–1799 the teaching of Russian was introduced to the curriculum of Vilnius Principal School, as Vilnius University was called back then. In 1803, the Department of Russian Language and Literature was established at Vilnius University. In 1940, the Department of the Russian Language (later – Department of Russian Philology and Intercultural Communication) was opened at Vilnius Pedagogical University (later – Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences). The lecturers of the department did not only provide training to the teachers of Russian language and literature but also taught Russian to the students of all faculties and study programmes. After Vilnius Pedagogical University was renamed into Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, the department went on functioning. In 2018, Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences became an integral part of Vytautas Magnus University. At present, the study programme of Russian Philology is offered by Vilnius University. The education of national minorities in their mother tongue creates condi- tions for Lithuanian Russians to preserve and nurture their identity. Photo from the Archive of Vilnius Sofia Kovalenskaya Gymnasium 6 During the school year 2018–2019 there were 48 institutions of general education in the country with Russian as the language of instruction (4 primary schools, 16 Basic (lower secondary) schools, 6 progymnasiums and 22 gymnasiums), of whichInstitution there were 26 schools with Russian as the s of language of Basicinstruction, 10general schools with Lithuanian and Russian as the secondary Progymna Gymnasiu education, Stulpelis1 languagesPrimary schools ofschools instruction,siums ms 7 totalschools where classes were held in Russian and Kaunas City 1 1 Klaipėda CityPolish languages,1 2 and4 5 schools3 10 with Lithuanian, Russian and Polish as the Šalčininkai District 1 1 2 Šiauliai Citylanguages of instruction. 113 9521 pupils in these schools took classes in Švenčionys District 1 1 Trakai DistrictRussian. 1 1 Vilnius City 3 13 9 25 Vilnius District 4 4 Visaginas City 2 1 3 Total 4 SCHOOLS16 6 WITH22 RUSSIAN48 AS THE LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION BY MUNICIPALITY (SCHOOL YEAR 2018–2019) 50 48 45 40 35 30 25 25 22 20 16 15 13 10 9 10 6 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1111111 1 0 Kaunas City Klaipėda City Šalčininkai Šiauliai City Švenčionys Trakai District Vilnius City Vilnius District Visaginas City Total District District Primary schools Basic secondary schools Progymnasiums Gymnasiums Institutions of general education, total SCHOOLS WITH RUSSIAN AS THE LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION 5; 10 % 7; 15 % 26; 54 % 10; 21 % Russian Lithuanian and Russian Russian and Polish Lithuanian, Russian and Polish 7 8 TOTAL NUMBER OF SCHOOLS OF GENERAL EDUCATION AND THE NUMBER OF SCHOOLS WITH RUSSIAN AS THE LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION IN LITHUANIA, 1990–2019 TOTAL NUMBER OF PUPILS IN THE SCHOOLS OF GENERAL EDUCATION AND THE NUMBER OF RUSSIAN-SPEAKING PUPILS IN LITHUANIA, 1990–2019 9 STATE SCHOOL-LEAVING (MATURA) EXAMINATION IN LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE During the examination in Lithuanian language and literature all pupils must complete the same assignments, but lower literacy and style re- quirements apply to the pupils from the schools providing education in the language of national minorities. The above difference in evaluation only applies during the transitional pe- riod 2013–2020. In 2016, the evaluation criteria for the pupils from national minority schools became more stringent considering: z longer duration of learning Lithuanian language; z results of the state school-leaving (matura) examination. To pass the examination, pupils could make not more than: In schools with Lithuanian as In schools with a minority language as the language of instruction the language of instruction 6 grammar and lexis mistakes 14 grammar and lexis mistakes 16 spelling mistakes 27 spelling mistakes 14 punctuation mistakes 14 punctuation mistakes 21 expression and style mistakes 29 expression, style and logic mistakes In 2018, to pass the examination, pupils had to get 30% of points in as- signments. The examination was taken by 18 339 pupils (18 525 in 2017), of whom 1 892 pupils were enrolled in the schools with a minority language as the language of instruction (966 in 2017). The examination was passed by 91.25% of all the pupils (88.94% in 2017), of whom: 10 z 91.61% of the school-leavers were from the schools with Lithuanian as the language of instruction (89.50% in 2017); z 78.50% of the school-leavers were from the schools providing training in minority languages (80.74% in 2017; 87.87% in 2016). Out of all the school-leavers from the schools providing training in minori- ty languages, who took the examination, 0.84% received the evaluation of 100 points (0.43% in 2017). RESULTS OF THE STATE SCHOOL-LEAVING (MATURA) EXAMINATION IN LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN GYMNASIUMS WITH RUSSIAN AS THE LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION, 2018 Number of Re- Re- Re- school-leav-
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