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Green Rural Development – Potential of Ecotourism in Lazdijai Research Paper Nord+ 2018 Intensive Field Course

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Green Rural Development – Potential of Ecotourism in Lazdijai Research Paper Nord+ 2018 Intensive Field Course Green Rural Development – Potential of Ecotourism in Lazdijai Research Paper Nord+ 2018 Intensive Field Course University of Latvia University of Vilnius University of Eastern Finland 23. April – 4. May 2018 Margarita Kairjaka, Paulė Tamašauskaitė Patrik Hämäläinen, Franziska Wolff VILNIUS 2018 Table of contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Theoretical framework .................................................................................................................... 5 Lazdijai district municipality ...................................................................................................... 5 Tourism and ecotourism in Lithuania ......................................................................................... 5 The role of the European Union and Cross border cooperation ................................................. 7 Communities and connections .................................................................................................... 8 Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 9 Results and discussion .................................................................................................................. 11 Interviews with experts ............................................................................................................. 11 Interviews with citizens ............................................................................................................ 14 Observations .............................................................................................................................. 16 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 17 Suggestions ................................................................................................................................... 18 References ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Appendix ....................................................................................................................................... 21 2 Abstract Demographic changes taking place in Lithuanian peripheries are promoting research means to implement the sustainable development of rural areas. The study in Lazdijai district municipality is focused on the potential of ecotourism as an approach for a green development option in rural areas. Inductive method has been used to shape the final research approach. To value the potential of ecotourism in Lazdijai district municipality study was conducted by analyzing background, taking semi-structured interviews, making observations and analyzing results. Experts from tourism information centers, regional parks and local active group were interviewed as well as local citizens, tourists, owners of rural homesteads, owners of eco-farms and chairpersons of local communities. Results revealed that despite the fact that ecotourism is not a common term not only in the municipality, but also in Lithuania, the potential of ecotourism is high. Lazdijai district municipality is characterized by attractive nature, hospitable people, and interesting culture, yet there is a lack of tourism infrastructure and management system. Hence people, especially foreigners, do not see it as an ecotourism destination. Keywords: ecotourism, green development, rural development, nature tourism 3 Introduction The occasion of the following case study is the intensive field course Nord+ 2018 in Lithuania. During the 10 days in the southern-most Baltic state, theoretical frameworks and approaches concerning rural development were introduced and followed by a case study in rural areas for four days. In focus were different green concepts that enable rural areas to develop in a sustainable way and involve the local communities towards a stable and working society in peripheral areas. The study in Lazdijai is focused on the potential of ecotourism and local community activities as an approach for a green development option in rural areas. Due to the challenges of the Lazdijai area, it has been part of EU programmes and hence received funding for various projects. Each year, the population of the Lazdijai district municipality is shrinking, and the unemployment rate is 15% (Lithuanian Department of Statistics, 2018). The lands in Lazdijai district municipality are not suitable for a large-scale agriculture. Since there are Regional Parks, the 3rd largest lake in Lithuania, and natural swamps along the forests in Lazdijai, tourism, especially ecotourism, would be the most suitable business for the economic development of the region. While the most popular types of tourism in Lithuania are cultural and natural tourism, ecotourism is not a common term used. In Lithuania ecotourism is not identified as a specific type of tourism, nor is there a clear definition of this form of tourism. The insufficient use of natural and cultural resources for ecotourism is a challenge. Several ecotourism routes have been developed in Lithuania, but there is a lack of an integrated system for the development of ecological tourism services. It is important to research the potential of ecotourism in Lazdijai district municipality due to the opportunity it provides to develop the region in a green, sustainable way. The objective of this research is to evaluate the potential of Lazdijai district municipality. The tasks of the research are: 1. Review the background of the study area; 2. To interview experts; 3. To interview citizens; 4. Make observations regarding the tourism infrastructure, nature, and landscape in Lazdijai; 5. Analyse the results obtained and give suggestions. 4 Theoretical framework Lazdijai district municipality The area of the research is Lazdijai district municipality, which is located at the south- western part of Lithuania, where it shares border with Poland and Belarus. It has a population of roughly 20,000 and area of 1306 square kilometres (Lithuanian Department of Statistics, 2018). It is home to the ethnographic population of the “Dzukija”. The area is known for its picturesque landscape; the many forests, lakes and mounds are often used for promoting the area (Lazdijų rajono savivaldybės administracija, 2018). Lazdijai is a rural area, facing structural change. The area faces problems like aging population and high unemployment rate. Lazdijai is also sparsely populated and has a low GDP per capita. In conclusion, by many standards, the conditions for development are challenging, as can be seen from a weak city and municipality competitiveness index and low amounts of foreign investment. (Lithuanian Department of Statistics, 2018). In 2017, flows of tourists and visitors were rather big, considering that protected areas in Lazdijai region occupy 18.5% of the area. Most popular destination was Metelių regional park in which territory and visitors center there were 71 588 and 6 226 tourists respectively. In visitors center only 1.6% of visitors were foreigners. More than 1.5 times less tourists visited Veisiejų regional park – there were 46 218 visitors in the park territory and 3 830 in visitors center. In Lazdijai tourism information center there were 27 882 visitors of whom 38,6 % were from Lithuania and 61,4 % from abroad. Museum of Lazdijai region, which is in the center of Lazdijai town), was visited by 9810 tourists (Lazdijų turizmo informacinis centras, 2018). Tourism and ecotourism in Lithuania Tourism in Lithuania is 1.7% of GDP, the sector employs 22.5 thousand of employees (1.7% of total workforce). Each year over 2 million tourists visit the country. Lithuania is valued for health and hygiene, and it takes 2nd place in Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index 2017, but the country is poorly evaluated for natural resources - it occupies only 121th place out of 136. This indicator covers the natural capital, that is, the landscape, the parks, and the richness of the vegetation, as well as the development of outdoor tourism activities (The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017). EU structural assistance for 2007-2013 has had a very positive impact on tourism development and has created conditions for creating an attractive priority for infrastructure of active recreational, cultural, business (conferences) and health tourism types, increasing the variety of tourism services and improving their quality. During the financing period, more than 290 projects were financed by the EU Structural Funds, for which 251,12 million euro were allocated from the EU structural assistance and co-financing (from the state budget of the Republic of Lithuania). Reconstructed old objects have regained the attention of tourists, while creating new ones has opened up more tourism opportunities. In the period of 2007-2013, rural tourism was allocated 46.6 million euro from the European Agricultural Fund for Rural 5 Development and the national budget - more than 340 projects were implemented (Lietuvos Respublikos vyriausybė, 2016) The most popular types of tourism in Lithuania are cultural and natural tourism. There is a possibility to visit UNESCO
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