Environmental Problems Related to Industries Near Cities
Kestutis Kadunas Geological Survey of Lithuania Legislation
Order of the Minister of Environment: Regarding the rules for groundwater protection from contamination by dangerous substancies, 21 September, 2001 No. 472;
Order of the Director of Geological Survey regarding collection of information and inventory of discharge of dangerous substancies into groundwater, 3 February, 2003 No. 1-06. The substances described in the EC directives 80/68/EEC and 2000/60/EC Annexes VIII and X are transformed into the Order of GSL
Order of groundwater monitoring of economical entities. Approved by the decree of the Director of Geological Survey. Known point sources of pollution in Lithuania
Important sources
Registered Investigated Petroleum Industrial Total Landfills Other products objects
3519 412 133 17 103 4 9 Point sources
vandenviečių SAZ
Taršos židiniai:
upių slėniuose (281)
vandenviečių SAZ (349)
Production of phosphorus fertilizers Factory in Kedainiai
AB “LIFOSA”
Raw material – fluoroapatit, Chloroapatit (Russia)
Output - diammonium phosphate Feed additives – monocalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate
AB “Lifosa” Wastes – phosphogypsum enriched By fluorine, acid, sulphate, etc. Deposited more 12 mil. T. Environmental problems
• Air pollution by exhaust gases; • Soil pollution by dust (transport of phosphogypsum) • Groundwater pollution by specific substances, acidification, 2 1 4 3 Fluorine
21
17
16 8 Fluorine concentration varies 9 Between 0.5 – 8.0 mg/l
Highest concentration close to Phosphogypsum piles
25976
25972 Groundwater discharge – Surface water
1214 drinking water (dug wells)
25973 Public water supply - ???
25975
2597410 2 1 Sulphate 4 3
21
17 Sulphate concentration varies 16 8 Between 0.5 – 4.5 g/l
9 Highest concentration close to Phosphogypsum piles
Groundwater discharge – 25976 Surface water 25972 drinking water (dug wells)
1214 Public water supply - ???
25973
25975
2597410 WHP zones
Kedainiai AB “Lifosa” I wf
II wf
Wf Paobele Trend of sulphate in drinking water
Well field Paobelis, SO4
140 120
100 80 60 40
20 0 1990.05.07 1993.01.31 1995.10.28 1998.07.24 2001.04.19 Production of nitrogen fertilizers Factory in Jonava
AB “Achema”
Output -urea formaldehyde resins (UFR) – 21 percent, methanol – 13 percent, industrial gases – 3 percent, polyvinyl acetate dispersion (PVAD) – 2 percent Wastes – no specific, accidental spills Environmental problems
Air pollution by nitrogen compounds (till 1990) Indirect discharges to groundwater Accident in 1986 Discharges to surface water Threat to water supply AB “Achema”
Jonava
Well field Pond Dead forest Quarry Ammonia in groundwater
Šventoji
Lokys 1257
is er N 1589 1588 4.5 1256 1587 1586 3/2021 1H 1.8 159015901590 1585 159615961596 125512551255 71.471.471.4 1584 159115911591 1110000001591 16s 111000 110110110 216216216 A1A1 10/201610/201610/2016 110110110 0000 A1sA1s 5555 2/20222/20222/2022 A1sA1s 165165165 1111 2/20222/20222/2022 165165165 0000 0000 66.466.466.4 55550000 7H 000000 0000 66.4 5555 0000000 0000 A2A2 0000000 22220000 A2A2 0000000 2222 4Hv A2sA2s 111111 A2sA2s 1111111 41.8 1.2 320320320 A3sA3s 3H 1/20241/20241/2024 4Hg A3 A3sA3s 49.1 11/202511/202511/2025 8/2026 1.3 9/2018 5/2020 4/2019
111000 111 0.4 8H 7/20277/20277/2027 5H 10 6/2023 2H 12/2028 6H 1.92
0 0.3 0.6 km Bicarbonate in groundwater
Šventoji
Lokys 1257 439439439
is er N 158915891589 158815881588 125612561256 158715871587 439439439 158715871587 3/20213/20213/2021 439439439 1586 3/20213/20213/2021 463463463 1H 415415415 300300300 P1P1 159015901590 1585 159615961596 159015901590 125512551255 366366366 158415841584 159115911591 16s 561561561 A1A1 10/201610/201610/2016561561561 2/20222/20222/2022 463463463 A1sA1s 2/20222/20222/2022 463463463 195019501950 561561561 7H7H7H A2 7770000 4Hv4Hv4Hv 777000000 A2sA2s 119011901190 488488488 244024402440 1/20241/20241/2024 244024402440 A3sA3s 3H3H3H 1/20241/20241/2024 4Hg4Hg4Hg A3 3H3H3H 11/202511/202511/2025 73273273211/202511/202511/2025 8/20268/20268/2026 732732732 9/20189/20189/2018 9/20189/20189/2018 5/20205/20205/2020 708708708 5/20205/20205/2020700700700 4/20194/20194/2019 500500500
390390390 8H8H8H 7/2027 8H8H8H 5H5H5H 219219219 5H 219219219 146146146 6/20236/20236/2023 146146146 2H 300300300 390390390 12/2028 390390390 6H
0 0.3 0.6 km WHP zone
Jonava wf Factory Next steps
Factories situated in rivers valleys Factories are in public water works WHP zones WFD 2000/60/EC require: To review the impact of human activity on the status of surface water and on groundwater; Evaluate available resources of public water supply sources with aim to reduce increasing trends of pollutants For relevant pollutants in bodies of groundwater that are affected by point sources of pollution, including historical point sources, in order to verify that plumes from contaminated sites do not expand over a defined area and deteriorate the chemical status of the groundwater body (GWD daughter); Monitoring of bodies “at risk”. Programme of measures (2009) Tools
Inventory and risk assessment of contaminated sites situated in river’s valley’s and protection zones of wellfields (applied for Structural fund) Modernization of National groundwater monitoring (State investment) Groundwater Risk Assessment methodology, integrated Data management system, and Upgraded monitoring data Acquisition network, for Lithuania (GRADUAL) (applied for PHARE) Methodology of prioritisation of contaminated sites and review of the impact of human activity on groundwaters (CO-OPERATION PROGRAMME BETWEEN FLANDERS AND LITHUANIA)