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A Mobile Focus + Context System

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A Mobile Focus + Context System MOBILE FOCUS + CONTEXT: EXPLORING THE COMBINATION OF LARGE OVERVIEWS WITH HIGH-RESOLUTION DETAILS IN DYNAMIC, MOBILE WORK ENVIRONMENTS by Majid Nasirinejad Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Computer Science at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia April 2016 © Copyright by Majid Nasirinejad, 2016 DEDICATION PAGE Everything in the universe is within you. Ask all from yourself. ~Rumi, 1759 Divan-e Shams ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................viii ABSTRACT ............................................................................... xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED...............................................xiii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................... xiv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................. 1 1.1 Contributions .................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Structure of the thesis ....................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 2 RELATED WORK / LITERATURE REVIEW ............. 8 2.1 Information Display ......................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Portability ............................................................................................ 8 2.1.2 Screen size .......................................................................................... 9 2.1.3 Resolution ......................................................................................... 10 2.1.4 Availability ....................................................................................... 10 2.1.5 Number of users that can use the system concurrently ..................... 11 2.1.6 Precision ............................................................................................ 12 2.1.7 Application of portable information system ..................................... 12 2.2 Large displays ................................................................................................ 13 2.3 Focus + Context Systems ............................................................................... 13 2.4 Off-screen locations techniques ..................................................................... 18 2.5 Overview + Detail Systems ........................................................................... 19 2.6 Augmented/Virtual Reality Systems .............................................................. 23 2.7 Portable Focus + Context System .................................................................. 25 2.8 Projector location ........................................................................................... 26 2.9 Tracking systems............................................................................................ 27 CHAPTER 3 MOBILE FOCUS + CONTEXT SYSTEM ................. 29 3.1 Mobile Focus + Context System (mF+C) ...................................................... 29 3.2 System design ................................................................................................ 43 CHAPTER 4 USER STUDY ..................................................... 50 4.1 Research Questions ........................................................................................ 50 iii 4.2 Study Design .................................................................................................. 50 4.2.1 Interaction Methods .......................................................................... 51 4.2.2 Conditions ......................................................................................... 55 4.2.3 Type of pictures ................................................................................ 57 4.2.4 Tasks ................................................................................................. 58 4.2.5 Experiment ........................................................................................ 69 4.3 Mockup .......................................................................................................... 70 4.3.1 Apparatus .......................................................................................... 70 4.3.2 Software ............................................................................................ 71 4.4 User Study Procedure..................................................................................... 76 4.4.1 System Setup ..................................................................................... 76 4.4.2 The Study Protocol ........................................................................... 78 4.4.3 Data Collection ................................................................................. 79 4.4.4 Participants ........................................................................................ 79 4.5 Data Analysis ................................................................................................. 80 CHAPTER 5 RESULTS ........................................................... 82 5.1 Familiarity with content type ......................................................................... 83 5.2 Conditions Evaluation .................................................................................... 84 5.3 Methods Evaluation ....................................................................................... 86 5.3.1 Methods Time Evaluation ................................................................. 86 5.3.2 Methods in projection conditions evaluation .................................... 87 5.3.3 Methods in task type categories ........................................................ 89 5.3.4 PhoneOnly Evaluation .................................................................... 104 5.3.5 Post-method questionnaires evaluation........................................... 106 CHAPTER 6 DISCUSSION ................................................... 112 6.1 Discussion and analysis ............................................................................... 112 Section 1: Content type ................................................................................ 112 Section 2: Conditions ................................................................................... 113 Section 3: mF+C methods ............................................................................ 114 Section 4: mF+C methods vs. PhoneOnly ................................................... 117 6.2 Limitations ................................................................................................... 119 6.3 Application ................................................................................................... 121 iv 6.4 Future work .................................................................................................. 122 CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION .................................................. 123 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................... 125 APPENDIX A – INFORMED CONSENT ..................................... 130 APPENDIX B - BACKGROUND QUESTIONNAIRE ..................... 132 APPENDIX C - POST-METHOD QUESTIONNAIRE | IMS ........... 133 APPENDIX C - POST-METHOD QUESTIONNAIRE | SBS ........... 134 APPENDIX C - POST-METHOD QUESTIONNAIRE | SWP .......... 135 APPENDIX C - POST-METHOD QUESTIONNAIRE | PHONE ...... 136 APPENDIX D - POST-EXPERIMENT INTERVIEW ..................... 137 APPENDIX E - PARTICIPANT PAYMENT RECEIPT ................... 138 APPENDIX F - RESEARCH ETHICS BOARD APPROVAL LETTER 139 APPENDIX G - KLM FOR EACH INTERACTION AND TASK ....... 140 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Information display properties: portability ........................................................ 9 Table 2 Information display properties: screen size ....................................................... 9 Table 3 Information display properties: resolution ....................................................... 10 Table 4 Information display properties: availability ..................................................... 11 Table 5 Information display properties: number of users that can use the system concurrently ...................................................................................................... 11 Table 6 Type of Tracking Systems ............................................................................... 28 Table 7 Projected pictures in different sizes and on different types of surfaces ........... 32 Table 8 Comparison between Galaxy S4, Note3, and Tab Pro .................................... 37 Table 9 Advantages and disadvantages of each method ............................................... 51 Table 10 Simulated suboptimal pictures ....................................................................... 56 Table 11 Methods, conditions, types of pictures. ......................................................... 58 Table 12 Task Categories.............................................................................................. 59 Table 13 List of operators and guidelines for calculating the expected time ............... 60 Table 14 Expected time for each task in different methods.......................................... 61 Table 15 Group of tasks for comparing time between Optimal and Suboptimal ......... 67 Table 16 Group of tasks for comparing time between Map and Board .......................
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