Word Formation Models and Semantic Features of Derived Words in Orhon Inscriptions (Derivations of Nouns and Adjectives)
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4 Vol. 2 2020
ISSN 2664-5157 (print) ISSN 2708-7360 (online) №4 Turkic Studies Vol. 2 Journal 2020 Nur-Sultan ISSN (print)2664-5157 ISSN (online)2708-7360 Turkic Studies Journal 2020, Volume 2, Number 4 2019 жылдан бастап шығады Founded in 2019 Издается с 2019 года Жылына 4 рет шығады Published 4 times a year Выходит 4 раза в год Нұр-Сұлтан, 2020 Nur-Sultan, 2020 Нур-Султан, 2020 ISSN 2664-5157. Turkic Studies Journal, 2020, Volume 2, Number 4 1 Бас редакторы: Ерлан Сыдықов, т.ғ.д., проф., ҚР ҰҒА академигі, Л.Н. Гумилев атындағы Еуразия ұлттық университеті (Нұр-Сұлтан, Қазақстан) Бас редактордың орынбасары Шакимашрип Ибраев, ф.ғ.д., проф., Л.Н. Гумилев атындағы Еуразия ұлттық университеті (Нұр-Сұлтан, Қазақстан) Бас редактордың орынбасары Ирина Невская, доктор, проф., Гете университеті (Франкфурт, Германия) Редакция алқасы Ғайбулла Бабаяров т.ғ.д., Өзбекстан ғылым академиясы Ұлттық археология орталығы (Ташкент, Өзбекстан) Ұлданай Бахтикиреева ф.ғ.д., проф., Ресей халықтар достастығы университеті (Мәскеу, Ресей Федерациясы) Дмитрий Васильев т.ғ.д., проф., Ресей ғылым академиясының Шығыстану институты (Мәскеу, Ресей Федерациясы) Гюрер Гульсевин доктор, проф., Эгей университеті (Измир, Түркия) Анна Дыбо ф.ғ.д., проф., Ресей ғылым академиясының Тіл білімі институты (Мәскеу, Ресей Федерациясы) Мырзатай Жолдасбеков ф.ғ.д., проф., Л.Н. Гумилев атындағы Еуразия ұлттық университеті (Нұр-Сұлтан, Қазақстан) Дания Загидуллина ф.ғ.д., проф., Татарстан Республикасы ғылым академиясы (Қазан, Ресей Федерациясы) Зимони Иштван доктор, проф., Сегед университеті (Сегед, Венгрия). Болат Көмеков т.ғ.д., проф., Л.Н. Гумилев атындағы Еуразия ұлттық университеті (Нұр-Сұлтан, Қазақстан) Игорь Кызласов т.ғ.д., проф., Ресей ғылым академиясы Археология институты (Мәскеу, Ресей Федерациясы) Дихан Қамзабекұлы ф.ғ.д., проф., Л.Н. -
Handling Word Formation in Comparative Linguistics
Developing an annotation framework for word formation processes in comparative linguistics Nathanael E. Schweikhard, MPI-SHH, Jena Johann-Mattis List, MPI-SHH, Jena Word formation plays a central role in human language. Yet computational approaches to historical linguistics often pay little attention to it. This means that the detailed findings of classical historical linguistics are often only used in qualitative studies, yet not in quantitative studies. Based on human- and machine-readable formats suggested by the CLDF-initiative, we propose a framework for the annotation of cross-linguistic etymological relations that allows for the differentiation between etymologies that involve only regular sound change and those that involve linear and non-linear processes of word formation. This paper introduces this approach by means of sample datasets and a small Python library to facilitate annotation. Keywords: language comparison, cognacy, morphology, word formation, computer-assisted approaches 1 Introduction That larger levels of organization are formed as a result of the composition of lower levels is one of the key features of languages. Some scholars even assume that compositionality in the form of recursion is what differentiates human languages from communication systems of other species (Hauser et al. 2002). Whether one believes in recursion as an identifying criterion for human language or not (see Mukai 2019: 35), it is beyond question that we owe a large part of the productivity of human language to the fact that words are usually composed of other words (List et al. 2016a: 7f), as is reflected also in the numerous words in the lexicon of human languages. While compositionality in the sphere of semantics (see for example Barsalou 2017) is still less well understood, compositionality at the level of the linguistic form is in most cases rather straightforward. -
Morphological Integration of Urdu Loan Words in Pakistani English
English Language Teaching; Vol. 13, No. 5; 2020 ISSN 1916-4742 E-ISSN 1916-4750 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Morphological Integration of Urdu Loan Words in Pakistani English Tania Ali Khan1 1Minhaj University/Department of English Language & Literature Lahore, Pakistan Correspondence: Tania Ali Khan, Minhaj University/Department of English Language & Literature Lahore, Pakistan Received: March 19, 2020 Accepted: April 18, 2020 Online Published: April 21, 2020 doi: 10.5539/elt.v13n5p49 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n5p49 Abstract Pakistani English is a variety of English language concerning Sentence structure, Morphology, Phonology, Spelling, and Vocabulary. The one semantic element, which makes the investigation of Pakistani English additionally fascinating is the Vocabulary. Pakistani English uses many loan words from Urdu language and other local dialects, which have become an integral part of Pakistani English, and the speakers don't feel odd while using these words. Numerous studies are conducted on Pakistani English Vocabulary, yet a couple manage to deal with morphology. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the morphological integration of Urdu loan words in Pakistani English. Another purpose of the study is to investigate the main reasons of this morphological integration process. The Qualitative research method is used in this study. Researcher prepares a sample list of 50 loan words for the analysis. These words are randomly chosen from the newspaper “The Dawn” since it is the most dispersed English language newspaper in Pakistan. Some words are selected from the Books and Novellas of Pakistani English fiction authors, and concise Oxford English Dictionary, 11th edition. -
Gokturk History
HUMANITIES INSTITUTE Richard Dietrich, Ph.D. GOKTURK HISTORY Contents Political History (Government – Military) Social History (Class – Gender Relations) Economic History (Innovations – Trade) Cultural History (Religion – Art – Literature) GOVERNMENT Political Structure The Gök Türks Although many details about the internal structure and titles of the Türk state remain unclear, contemporary Chinese sources and the Orkhon inscriptions from the Second Türk Empire do provide a general picture of how the state was ruled. Within its territo ry the Gök Türk state was a union (or confederation) of ethnically related tribes and tribal groups that were hierarchically grouped. The tribes and tribal groups were culturally linked by common beliefs, legal practices and commonly accepted genealogies. Politically, their tribal structure (bodun) and their unified political and military structure (el) was under the under the control of the kaghan (also khan). At the center of the empire were twelve main Gök Türk tribes, the most important of which was the Ashina; the kaghan was always a member of this tribe. Next in order of precedence were the Tokuz Oghuz, who were numerically superior to the Gök Türk, but less united until the early 7th century. At that point the Uighurs, a tribal grouping of ten tribes led ty the Yaghlakar tribe, were able to unite the Tokuz Oghuz under them. In addition to the Tokuz Oghuz, the Basmil and Karluk were two other important tribal groups in the Gök Türk Empire. Every tribal group was led by an elteber, and below him each tribe was headed by an irkin, officials whose titles frequently appear in the Orkhon inscriptions. -
The Process Model of Word Formation 65
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Institutional Repository of the Freie Universität Berlin Hans-Heinrich Lieb Towards a general theory of word formation: the Process Model Foreword The present essay—longer than a paper but shorter than a book—characterizes the Process Model of Word Formation that represents a new approach to word formation intermediate between constructionist and generative approaches; the model will be elaborated in detail in: Lieb, Hans-Heinrich (in prep.), The Process Model of Word Formation and Inflection . Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins. The essay, which is independent of the book, re- places an earlier, unpublished manuscript (Lieb 2011/2012), of which it is a completely revised and enlarged version. The essay was completed in July 2013; it is an outcome of work undertaken by the author since roughly 2006 but originating from still earlier work (first presented at a Research Colloquium held at the Freie Universität Berlin in 2001, and subsequently by a lecture read at the Annual Meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sprachwissenschaft in 2006: Lieb 2006). The present text is an Open Access publication by the Freie Universität Berlin; it is free for downloading, but all rights remain with the author (in particular, revamping of the text or its commercial use are prohibited; quotation only with indication of the source). The Freie Universität Berlin also houses a major effort at producing book-length Open Access publications in linguistics, organized into series: Language Science Press, langsci- press.org. The present essay does not fit this framework, both for lack of a suitable series and for being shorter than a book. -
14 the Türk Empire
ISBN 978-92-3-103211-0 THE TÜRK EMPIRE 14 THE TÜRK EMPIRE* D. Sinor and S. G. Klyashtorny Contents THE FIRST TÜRK EMPIRE (553–682) ........................ 327 Ethnogenesis ...................................... 327 The economy ...................................... 331 Political history ..................................... 332 THE SECOND TÜRK EMPIRE (682–745) ...................... 335 Resurgence of the Türk Empire ............................. 335 Political and social structure .............................. 336 Relations with China .................................. 338 The empire in crisis ................................... 339 The last war with T’ang China ............................. 340 The final decade ..................................... 341 Epigraphic memorials of the Türks ........................... 342 The Türgesh state .................................... 346 The Uighurs and the Karluks .............................. 347 * See Map 7. 326 ISBN 978-92-3-103211-0 Ethnogenesis Part One THE FIRST TÜRK EMPIRE (553–682) (D. Sinor) The two centuries during which the Türks were the dominant power in Inner Asia would seem to mark a turning point since, for the first time in recorded history, an essentially nomad empire bordered simultaneously on three major sedentary civilizations: those of China, Iran, and the Western world as represented by Byzantium. A more or less permanent link was established between these three civilizations, allowing the free flow of trade and with it, one must presume, a range of ideas and information. There -
ISSN: 2776-1010 Volume 2, Issue 7, July, 2021 ANALYSIS of LEXICAL
ISSN: 2776-1010 Volume 2, Issue 7, July, 2021 ANALYSIS OF LEXICAL UNITS EXPRESSING SPIRITUAL VALUES IN ANCIENT WRITTEN MONUMENTS Allambergenova Muqaddas Ruslanovna Karakalpak State University ABSTRACT In this article elemenating of ancient inscription stones sipiritual customes and traditions, loyalty to duty, realizing the nationalism and talking about necessary quality in managing the state by basing on texts of writing ancient monuments. In this days youth have high sipiritual immunity and publicity works that are carried out to educate them are compared with ancient inscription. Keywords: Bilghahakhan, Kultikhin, Tonyukhuk, nationalism, sacred duty, patriotism, trophy, calamity. Introduction Every nation has its own spiritual treasures that are precious to it. These are masterpieces that have been passed down from generation to generation for centuries and have not lost their significance and value today, and have become a source of pride for this nation. For example, just as the Kyrgyz people are proud of the Manas epic, the ancient Egyptians are proud of the Pyramids, the French are proud of the Louvre in Paris, so we should be proud of our national spiritual wealth. Along with the unique historical heritage, art and literature of nations and peoples, their customs and rituals, cultural attitudes and moral qualities are also included in the system of spiritual values. They play an important role in preserving the identity of the people, in educating the younger generation, in the socialization of the individual. National spiritual values reflect the worldview and attitude of the people to life, their inner nature and way of life. They reflect the spiritual world and way of thinking, dreams and ideals, conscience and honor of the nation. -
Journal of Baku Engineering University ISSN 2521-6333 PHILOLOGY and Volume 1 Number 1 PEDAGOGY Journal Is Published Twice a Year Number - 1
Journal of Baku Engineering University ISSN 2521-6333 PHILOLOGY and Volume 1 Number 1 PEDAGOGY Journal is published twice a year Number - 1. June, Number - 2. December 2017 A n I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u r n a l http://journal.beu.edu.az Founder Havar Mammadov Editor-in-chief Niftali Qodjayev Co - Editors Islam Huseynov Jamil Mammadov Editorial board Ajdar Agayev (Azerbaijan, Baku Engineering University) M.Bahaddin Acat (Turkey, Osmangazi University) Aida Qasimova (Azerbaijan, Baku State University) Minaxanım Təkləli (Azerbaijan, Baku Engineering University) Akif Huseynli (Azerbaijan, Baku Engineering University) Seyran Gayibov (Azerbaijan, Baku Engineering University) Kenan Beshirov (Azerbaijan, Baku Engineering University) Tarana Haciyeva (Azerbaijan,Baku Engineering University) International Advisory board Abdul Aziz Abdul Hafis El Khouli (Egupt, Cairo University) Nazim Hikmet Polat (Turkey, Gazi University) Dogan Kaya (Turkey, Cumhuriyet University) Nizami Cafarov (Azerbaijan, Baku State University) Gholam Reza Sabri Tabrizi (London, Edinburg Uni. King College) Sheref Boyraz (Turkey, Cumhuriyet University) Isa Habibbeyli (Azerbaijan, National Academy of Science) Yavuz Akpinar (Turkey, Ege University) Nazan Bekiroglu (Turkey, Karadeniz Technical University) Celil Nagiyev (Azerbaijan, Baku State University) Executive Editors Shafag Alizade Design Ilham Aliyev Contact address Journal of Baku Engineering University AZ0102, Khirdalan city, Hasan Aliyev str. 120, Absheron, Baku, Azerbaijan Tel: 00 994 12 - 349 99 95 Fax: 00 994 12 349-99-90/91 e-mail: [email protected] web: http://journal.beu.edu.az facebook: Journal Of Baku Engineering University Copyright © Baku Engineering University ISSN 2521-6333 ISSN 2521-6333 Journal of Baku Engineering University Baku - AZERBAIJAN Journal of Baku Engineering University 2017. -
A Kazak Nyelv Színnevei
Grezsa Bence A kazak nyelv színnevei Cikkem elkészülésében nyújtott folyamatos segítségéért és támogatásáért hálával tarto- zom tanáromnak és témavezetőmnek, dr. Khabtagaeva Bayarmának. Köszönettel tartozom to- vábbá a Szegedi Tudományegyetem Altajisztika Tanszék munkatársainak; dr. Ivanics Mária tanszékvezetőnek, dr. Mukusheva Rausangül, kazak lektornak, Biacsi Mónikának és Olach Zsuzsannának, akik hasznos tanácsokkal láttak el a cikkemet illetően. Bevezetés Tanulmányom a turkológiában egy kevésbé kutatott témával, a kazak nyelv színneveivel foglalkozik nyelvészeti szempontból. A kazak nyelv szókincse számos olyan elemmel rendel- kezik, amely valamilyen ótörök eredetű színnévre vezethető vissza. Noha több olyan munka is született, amely a török nyelvek színneveit tárgyalja – beleértve a kazakot is –, részletes áttekintést nem nyújtanak.1 A kazak színnevek többféle szempont alapján is csoportosíthatók. Munkámban a színneveket kulturális, jelentéstani és etimológiai szempontból vizsgálom. Elsődleges célom azon összetett szavak és szókapcsolatok bemutatása, illetve csoportosítása, amelyekben színnevek fordulnak elő. Annak érdekében, hogy megfelelően ismertessem a nyelv színrendszerét, rövid áttekintést nyúj- tok a kazak szóképzés szabályairól. Majd az alapszínnevek tárgyalása után a színnevekből képzett szavakat és szóösszetételeket vizsgálom a körülbelül ezer adatot tartalmazó szójegyzék alapján, amelyet Kenan Koç Kazak-török szótárából,2 Bektaev kazak–orosz, orosz–kazak nagyszótárából3 és Balakaev, Baskakov és Kenesbaev Kazak akadémiai nyelvtanából4 állítottam össze. A színek fi zikai tulajdonságainak, elnevezéseinek és jelentéseinek kutatásával több tudo- mányág is foglalkozik, mint például a fi zika, a neurológia, a szemiotika, a művészetelmélet, a szemantika és a fi lozófi a. A téma érdekessége abban áll, hogy a színnév-rendszerek nyelven- ként különbözőek. Sipőcz szerint5 létezhet olyan nyelv, ahol egy bizonyos szín jelölésére nem létezik elnevezés, ezért valamilyen árnyalattal vagy más színnel helyettesítve fejezik ki. -
English Loanwords in the Chinese Lexicon
ENGLISH LOANWORDS IN THE CHINESE LEXICON Aantal woorden: 30.900 Ruth Vervaet Studentennummer: 01203789 Promotor: Prof. dr. Christoph Anderl Masterproef voorgelegd voor het behalen van de graad master in de richting Oosterse Talen en Culturen: China Academiejaar: 2016 - 2017 Foreword My personal interest in language and linguistic exchanges formed the starting point for this thesis. It has always fascinated me how vocabulary flows from one language to another and how this process takes place. That is why I chose to investigate the presence of English loanwords in the contemporary Chinese lexicon as subject for my master thesis in Oriental Languages and Cultures at Ghent University. I tried to investigate the historical and social background of English loanwords, but the main focus is on the several borrowing methods that are used for the translation of English terms into Chinese. This thesis was written under the guidance of Professor Doctor Christoph Anderl, an expert on Chinese (Medieval) language. I want to thank Professor Anderl from the bottom of my heart for all his help and support. He is a wonderful and kind person who always gives feedback in the most positive way imaginable. Sometimes I was really struggling with writing this thesis and with myself. I could not have finished it without the support of my friends who kept believing in me. Thank you Sara, Lore, Tanita, Nele, Laura, Stan, and all the others. And of course my family: thank you Mam, Dad & Mem for making our home a warm place, a comfortable and stable surrounding. All my love for my sweet Inaya, the sunshine in my life, the one person who motivates me on a daily basis to work hard and become a better person. -
Peçeneklerin Dili Ve Erken Tarihi Üzerine Notlar
PEÇENEKLERİN DİLİ VE ERKEN TARİHİ ÜZERİNE NOTLAR İçindekiler Tablosu 1. Giriş ................................................................................................................... 2 1.1. Araştırmanın Tarihçesine Bir Bakış ...................................................................................... 2 2. Peçeneklerin Erken Tarihi ................................................................................... 4 2.1. Etnik İsim ve İlk Geçişleri ..................................................................................................... 4 2.2. Kangar sorunu ve Peçenek Boy Düzeninin Doğduğu Yer .................................................... 7 3. Peçenek Boy İsimleri .......................................................................................... 9 3.1 Boy İsimlerinin İkinci Bileşeni ............................................................................................. 10 3.2. Peçenek Boy İsimlerinin İlk Bölümü .................................................................................. 13 3.3 loannes Skylitzes’in Eserinde Korunan Peçenek Boy İsimleri ............................................. 15 4. Peçenek Kale İsimleri ....................................................................................... 16 4.1 Kale İsimlerinin İkinci Bileşenleri ....................................................................................... 16 4.2 Kale İsimlerinin İlk Bileşeni ................................................................................................. 17 5. -
Acta Historica
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS SZEGEDIENSIS ACTA HISTORICA TOMUS CXII. HUNGARIA SZEGED 2002 ACTA UNIVERSITATIS SZEGEDIENSIS ACTA HISTORICA TOMUS СХП. HUNGARIA SZEGED 2002 ACTA UNIVERSITATIS SZEGEDIENSIS ACTA fflSTORICA Szerkesztő bizottság: DR. MAKK FERENC, DR. J. NAGY LÁSZLÓ, DR. MARJANUCZ LÁSZLÓ, DR. TÓTH SÁNDOR LÁSZLÓ, DR. ZIMONYI ISTVÁN A kötet a Középkori Egyetemes Történeti Tanszék kiadványa Kiadását az OTKA támogatta (T 035245 RGM sz. pályázat) Redegit: GYÖRGY GALAMB Szerkesztette: GALAMB GYÖRGY Műszaki szerkesztés: PETIT Irodalmi Stúdió HU ISSN 0324-6523 Acta Universitatis Szegediensis HU ISSN 0324-6965 Acta Historica Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed In Historical Abstact and America: History and Life GÁLFFY LÁSZLÓ EGY ISPOTÁLY MŰKÖDÉSÉNEK KEZDETEI A 12-13. SZÁZAD FORDULÓJÁN ANGERS-BAN A 12. század utolsó negyede látványos megújulást hozott a karitatív intézményháló- zat terén Anjouban.1 Megújulásról beszélhetünk, ugyanis a 11. század második felében gyarapodni látszó kezdeményezések a századfordulót követően elakadtak. A II. Plan- tagenet Henrik uralkodásának második felében kapott újabb lendület hátterében fel- fedezhető az uralkodó ezirányú érdeklődésének erősödése, egyes városok lakosainak aktív szerepe éppúgy, mint a III. lateráni zsinat egyes határozatainak ösztönzése. An- gers-ban a Szent János ispotály alapítását megelőzően néhány tekintélyes városi mo- nostor infirmáriája2, a 11. század közepén kifejezetten szegénygondozás céljából létre- jött Toussaint3 apátság, valamint a város északi szélén található