DICTIONARY

Kinyarwanda - English English - Kinyarwanda

by Betty Ellen Cox, Myra Adamson and Muriel Teusink DICTIONARY

KINYARWANDA - ENGLISH

ENGLISH - KINYARWANDA

Prepared by Myra Adamson, Betty Ellen Cox, and Muriel H. Teusink

The purpose of this book is to assist the person learning Kinyarwanda. It contains the vocabulary used in the Cox Grammar and also that in the Gospel of Mark (1957 edition), plus other commonly used words. In the Kinyarwanda-English section, the numbers in parentheses following the words indicate the number of the lesson in the Cox Grammar in which the word was introduced.

A few abbreviations are: tr. = transitive; into = intransitive; inv. = invariable; n. = noun; sing. = singular; pI. = plural.

A few notes on the orthography used: 1) imp- is used rather than imh- (as in impamba,impumyi, etc.) 2 ) Since ill. and f are sometimes used interchangeably, in looking for a word with this sound, try under both spellings. 3 ) The letter L has been used throughout, rather than L except in the case of a few words of foreign origin. 4) You will note markings above some of the vowels, e.g. a, e, 1, O. This mark usually indicates a high, lengthened tone, though in a few cases it is a low lengthened tone. Many more low ones could have been indicated. No short tones are indicated. You will need to have a Munyarwanda help you with pronunciation, since Kinyarwanda is a tonal language. These markings are not usually used in writing or printing the language, but are here to help you learn to pronounce the words correctly. Most long markings are not included in the English-Kinyarwanda section.

The authors are aware there will be imperfections and lacks, but hope that in spite of them this book will be of some use to those beginning their study of Kinyarwanda. ENGLlSH-KINYARWANDA Page 61 aba-aga

A action - umurimo, igikorwa

abandon, to - guhana, gutererana, kuzinukwa actions (habitual) - imigenzereze. imigirire

abcess - ikibyimba adamant, to be - kutava ku izima

ability - ubushobozi add, to - guterana (int.), guteranya (tr.), kongera able, to be - gushobora, kubasha add words, to - kungamo aboriginal - kavukire administration - imitegekere about (concerning) - ibya, ibyerekeye (approximately) - hafi, nka admit, to - kwemera

about to, to be - kwenda adore, to - kuramya

above - hejuru, hejuru ya adulterer - umusambanyi

absent, to be - gusiba adultery - ubusambanyi

absolutely - rwose, pe adultery, to commit - gusambana

abstain, to - gusiba advance, to - kujya imbere, gutambuka

abundant, to be (crop) - kurumbuka advice - inama

accept, to - kwakira, kwemera, kwenda advise, to - kuglra inama, guhanura

accident - igisida, akisida, ishyano, impanuka advisor - umujyanama

acclamation, cry of - impundu affair - urubanza e.g. deClling with a case of misconduct accompany, to - kugendana, kujyana na, gushagara, guherekeza affirm strongly, to - kwirenga

accomplish, to - gusohoza afire, to set - gukongeza

according to - kubwa afraid, to be - gutinya, kugira ubwoba

account (finance) - ibitabo by'amafaranga after - inyuma, hanyuma accusation - ikirego afternoon - ni munsi accuse, to - kurega afterwards - hanyuma, bukeye accustomed, to be - kumenyera again, to do - gusubira, kongera again - ukundi across (a body of water, valley) - hakurya again and again - hato na hato act, to - gukora against, to talk - guhinyura age-ano Page 62 age - imyaka y'amavuka am (I am) - ndi old age - ubukuru, zabukuru middle (30-50) - ubukwerere, amaze, to - gutangaza imikwerere amazing thing - igitangaza all ages - ikigero cyose ambush - igico ago, long - kera lie in ambush, to - kubikira agree, to - kwemera America, U. S. of - Leta zunze z'Amerika agreement, to be in - gukiranuka among - hagati ya, mu, muri aid, to - gufasha, kugoboka, gutabara, kuvuna amount - urugero aid, voluntary - umusanzu, ubuvunnyi amuse a child, to - kubeshyabeshya one who aids - umuvunnyi ancestor - sogokuruza aim at, to - gufora ancestral spirit - umzimu aim, to have for - -gamije (no inf.) ancestral spirit, harmful -igisigo air - umwuka, ikirere and - na, no, kandi airplane - indege and now - none, noneho, none rero and so - none, noneho, none rero, niko alarm, cry of - induru alert, to be - kuba maso angel - (umu-)marayika alive - -zima (muzima, kizima, etc.) anger - uburakari, umujinya (long lasting), alive, to be - kubaho ishavu (light) all - -ose (bose, byose, etc.) angry, to be - kurakara allow, to - gukundira, kureka angry, to become - kurubira almost - hafi anguish - impagarara alone - -nylne (wenyine, etc.) animal - inyamaswa, igisimba -sa (musa, bisa, etc.) animator - umukangurambaga alone, to be - kwiherera announce, to - gutangaza, kuranga along - ku ruhande rwa annoy, to - kurushya also - na, kandi annually - uko umwaka utaha although - nubwo, naho anoint, to - guS] 9 a always - iteka, ubudahwema, iminsi yose another - -ndi (undl, abandi, etc.) always (do), to - kujya, guhora Page 63 ans-ast

answer - igisubizo argument - impaka, amakimbirane

answer, to - gusubiza arise, to (from bed, ground) - kubyuka (from dead) - kuzuka answer when called, to - kwitaba arm - ukuboko ant: pincher ant - intozi small food ant - ubushishi armpit - ukwaha white ant - umuswa army - ingabo antelope, small - impongo arouse, to - guhugura anxiety - amaganya, impungenge, inkeke arrive, to - kugera, gusohora, guhinguka, anxious, to be - guhangayika, guhagarika gusesekara umutima, kubunza umutima arrive, to cause to - kugeza arrive by boat, to - komokera anybody - umuntu wese arrive at, to - gushyika

anyhow, to do - gupfa ku arrive before another, to - gutanga

anything - ikintu cyose arrow - umwambi

apart - ukwa art - umwuga

apologize, to (before accusation) - kwisegura as - ko, uko, nk'uko, nka as for - kubwa apparent, to be - kwihandagaza

appeal to higher court, to - kujurira ashamed, to be - gukorwa n'isoni

appear, to - kuboneka, kugaragara ashes - ivu appear suddenly and without precedent, to ask (question), to - kubaza - kwaduka, gutunguka appear, to cause to (as in court) ­ ask for (favor, article), to - gusaba guhingutsa ask the way, to - kuyoboza apprehension - umususu assessment - umusanzu approach, to - kwegera approach, to cause to - kwegereza assist, to - gufasha, kuvuna, gutabara, kugoboka April - Mata, ukwezi kwa kane assistance -ubuvunnyi Arab - Umwarabu astonish, to - gutangaza are - ni, -ri (bari, biri, etc.) astonished, to be - gutangara, kumirwa are not - si, ntibari, etc. astonishing thing - akumiro, igitangaza area - ikirere, intara astounded, to be - kumirwa ast-bat Page 64

astray, to go - kuzimira back end of boat - ibwerekeza

at - i, ku, kuri, kwa backing (support) - ubwishingizi

attack, to - kujujubya bad - -bi (mubi, kibi, etc.) that's too bad - n'ishyano attain, to - gushyika bad luck - ishyano, umwaku bad fate - umwaku attempt, to - kugerageza

attention to, to pay - kwita, kwitondera; badly - nabi not pay attention, to - kurangara bag - isaho, igunira, umufuka, umupfuka

attitudes - imiterere, imimerere, amatwara balance (in account) - insagu

August - Kanama, ukwezi kwa munani ball - umupira

aunt: my maternal - mama wacu banana: stalk of, tree - igitoki(e) your maternal - nyoko wanyu ripe - umuneke his, her, their maternal - nyina wabo beer - mazizi my paternal - masenge cooking - ikinyamunyu your paternal - nyogosenge lady-fingers - akamaramasenge his, her, their paternal - nyirasenge red - igisukari plantation of - urutoki(e) authority - ubutware banana juice (unfermented) - umutobe automobile - imodoga, imodokari bank (of river, lake) - inkombe avenge, to - guhora baptism - umubatizo awaken, to - gukanguka (int.) gukangura (tr.) baptize, to - kubatiza

away, to put - kubika bargain, to be a - guhenduka

away, far - kure base of tree - igishitsi

axe - incabiti, indyankwi, interezo, ishoka bashfulness - isoni bashful, to be - kugira isoni

B basin - ibesani

babble, to - kudedemanga basket: large - intonga made of bamboo strips - inkangara baby - umwana, akana tall pointed - igiseke newborn - uruhinja small flat - icyibo deep, no lid - igitebo back (of person) - umugongo back, at the - inyuma bathe (oneself), to - kwiyuhagira bathe another, to - kuhagira Page 65 bat-bet

battle - intambara begin, to - gutangira, guhanga begin by, to - kubanza be, to - kuba, -ri, kumera (in a certain state) beginner - umutangizi beach - inkuka beginning - itangiriro, intangiriro, mbere na bead, to - gutaka amasaro mbere beads, tiny - amasaro behave, to - kwifata beans - ibishyimbo behave towards, to - kugenza, gufata green - imiteja behavior - umwifato, imyifatire, amatwara bear (fruit), to - kwera behind - inyuma beat, to - gukubita beat drum, to - kuvuza ingoma belated - bitinze

beautiful - -iza (mwiza, cyiza, etc.) Belgian - Umubirigi beautiful person - umunyaburanga bwiza, Belgium - Ububirigi uw'igikundiro belief - kwizera beauty - ubwiza beliefs - imyizerere, inyigisho extraordinary beauty - ishyano physical beauty - uburanga believe, to - kwizera

because - kuko below - hepfo, hepfo ya because of - ku mpamvu za (z'uko), kubwa, kubera belt - umushumi, umukandara put on belt, to - gukenyeza become, to - guhinduka, kuba, kumera bend knees, to - guhina bed - uburiri, igitanda (of poles and rope) - urutara bend over, to - kubama make a bed, to - gusasa uburiri beneath - munsi ya bee - uruyuki (pI. inzuki) berries - inkere (or, inkeri) beehive - umutiba (empty) beseech, to - kwinginga beer - inzoga beside - iruhande beer, to make - kwenga best - ikiruta before - mbere, imbere "best man" - imperekeza beg, to - gusaba, gusabiriza, gusega betray, to - kugambana beg earnestly, to - guhendahenda better - ikiruta, kurusha, kuruta beggar - umusabirizi, umusezi bet-bot Page 66

better (after illness), to be - koroherwa blind, to be - guhuma, guhumagurika blind person - impumyi between - hagati ya blood - amaraso beware, to - kwirinda blow, to - guhuha bewitch, to - kuroga blow fire, to - kwatsa beyond - hirya blow with fist (n.) - igipfunsi beyond measure, reason - birenze urugero blue - bururu, bisa n'ijuru Bible - Biblia Yera, Igitabo cy'lmana dark blue - umukara

bicycle - igare board - urubaho

big - -nini (munini, binini, etc.) board ship, to - kwikira

bind, to - kuboha boast, to - kwirata

bird (small) - inyoni boat - ubwato (of prey) - igisiga boat, to get into - kwikira birth - ivuka body - umubiri give birth to, to - kubyara boil - ikibyimba bite, to - kuruma, kuryana boil, to - kubira (int.), kubiza (tr.) bitter, to be - kubTha bonded, to be - kuba afite ubwishingizi bitterness - inzika bonds - ingoyi black - umukara black, to be - kwirabura bone - igufwa

bladder - uruhago book - igitabo

blame - umugayo, amakemwa born, to be - kuvuka born of, to be - gukomoka blame, to - gushinja, kuziza borrow, to - kugurana, gutira blameless person - inyangamugayo kuguriza (actual article to be replaced), kuguza (esp. money) blanket - uburingiti bleed, to - kuva amaraso boss - (female) - mabuja stop bleeding (int.), to - gukama (male) - databuja blessed, to be - guhirwa both - -ombi (bombi, byombi, twembi) blessing - umugisha, amahTrwe bottle - icupa Page 67 bot-bur

bottle opener - urufunguzo bride-groom - umukwe friend of bridegroom - imperekeza bottom - hasi

bow (as with arrows) - umuheto bridge (small) - iteme, ikiraro (big, metal) (of poles) - urutindo bowl (wood) - imbehe foot-bridge - umugogo

box - isanduka, isandugu bright (of light), to be - kurabagirana box with lid (small tin) - umukebe brim - urugara boy - umuhungu bring, to - kuzana braid, to - kubohekanya bring back wife who had left, to - gucyura umugore branch - ishami bring in from sun, to - kwanura bring water, to - kuvoma brass - umuringa bring near, to - kwegereza bread - umugati (European); broad - -gari (hagari) umutsima (African) to make (knead) bread - gukora umugati, broil, to - gukaranga gufunyanga broom - umukubuzo break, to - kumena (tr.), kuvuna (tr.)(something thin); kuvunika (int.), brother - mwene se kumeneka (int.), gucika (int.), kwangiza (of girl) - musaza (tr. ) (younger brother of boy) - murumuna (older brother of boy) - mukuru break into bits (tr.), to - kumanyagura, kuvunagura brush teeth, to - kwiyoza amenyo

breast milk - amashereka bucket - indobo

breath - umwuka buffalo - imbogo breathe, to - guhumeka build, to - kubaka bribe (n.) - amafaranga yo kwituga, builder - umwubatsi ibiturire, ruswa, impongano bUilding (construction) - inyubako building (manner of) - imyubakire bribe, to take - kurya ruswa, kwakira impongano bump into, to - gusekura brick - itafari burden - umutwaro make bricks, to - kubumba amatafari burial - ihambwa bricks, unburned - urukarakara burlap - igunira bride - umugeni bur-cau Page 68

burn - ubushye can (be able) - gushobora

burn, to - kwaka (int.), gushya (as house, Canadian - Umukanada etc.)(int.) burn (set fire to), to - gutwika candle - itabaza

burst, to - guturika (int.), guturitsa (tr.) candy - ibombo

bury, to - guhamba capable, to be - guhuguka

bus - ibisi car - imodoka

bush - igihuru (thick) card - igipande the bush (uninhabited area) - ishyamba care about, to - kubabara care for, to - kwitaho business - umurimo care for body and house, to - kugira isuku busy - kugira imirimo myinshi, guhugi ra, care for the sick, to - kurwaza care for lovingly, to - gUkuyakuya, guhugirwa gukundwakaza but - ariko, nyamara, ahubwo (but rather) careful, to be - kwitonda, kwirinda butcher, to - kubaga careful about, to be - kwitondera

butcher shop (butchering place) - ibagiro carefully - buhoro-buhoro

butter - amavuta careless (with things), to be - kwandarika ibintu button - igifungo in personal appearance - kwiyandarika in work, etc. - kutitaho buy, to - kugura (esp. food) - guhaha carpenter - umubaji

by - na carry, to - gutwara, kwikorera, guterura carry on one's back, to - guheka carry on, to - gukomeza C case to law, to take - kuburana calf - inyana cassava - umwumbati call, to - guhamagara, (name) - kwita cast lots, to - gufinda call at a distance, to - kurangurura cat - injangwe calm (someone), to - guhendahenda catch, to - gufata camel - ingamiya cause - impamvu, igituma can, tin - igikombe cause, to - gutuma, gutera Page 69 cau-c1a cautious, to be - kwitonda chest (body) - igituza cave - isenga chew, to - guhekenya cease, to - kureka, guhwema chicken - inkoko without ceasing - ubutitsa, ubudasiba, ubudahwema chief - umutware celebrate, to - kwizihiza chieftanship - ubutware celebration - ibirori child - umwana spoiled child - umutesi census - ibarura disobedient child - tereriyo center, in the - hagati childhood - ubwana ceremony - umuhango chin - akananwa chain - umunyororo, umunyururu choke, to - kuniga chair - intebe choose, to - gutora, guhitamo, kurobanura choose from group, to - gutoranya, chairman - umuyobozi gutoragura chalk - ingwa chop up, to - gucagagura change (coins)(n.) - ibikoroti chosen thing - intore change, to - guhinduka (int.), guhindura (tr.) Christ - Kristo change money, to - kuvunja Christian - Umukristo chapter - igice Christianity - Ubukristo character - kamere Christmas - Inoheli (or, Inoweli) characteristic - ingeso, imimerere church (building) - urusengero charcoal - ikara (people) - itorero charge - ikirego circle - uruziga charm - igiheko, ingisha circulate, to - gutembera made with beads - impigi citizen - umwene gihugu chat, to - kuganira city - umujyi (or, umugi), umudugudu chat (for a long time), to - kurondogora clan - umuryango cheap, to be - guhenduka clap, to - gukoma amashyi cheat, to - kuriganya class - ikarasi cia-com Page 70

clatter (of voices) - urwamo clown, to - gushyenga

claw - urwara club - inshyimbo

clay - uburongo coal, hot - ikara work, mold clay, to - kubumba coat - ikoti clean - -iza (mwiza, cyiza, etc.) cock - isake clean, to be - kugira isuku clean (ceremonially), to become ­ cock-crowing, at - mu nkoko guhumanuka clean, to make - kuboneza, kweza, cockroach - inyenzi gusukura clean ceremonially, to make - guhumanura coffee - akawa, ikawa clean up, to - gutunganya coins - ibikoroti cleanse oneself, to - kwisukura cold, to be - gukonja, kugira imbeho clear, to make - kugaragaza cold - -bisi (kibisi, etc.)

cliff - agacuri cold in head - ibicurane

climb, to (as tree) - kurira coldness - ubukonje, imbeho climb up (as mountain), to - kuzamuka climb down (tree), to - kururuka color - ibara colt - icyana cloak - ikoti comb - urusokozo clock - isaha comb, to - gusokoza close, to - gukinga, gufunga close eyes, to - guhumiriza come, to - kuza close up path, to - gusiba come back, to - kugaruka come from, to - kuva, guturuka close together, to get - kwegeranya come on! - nimutyo, henga come out, to (as stakes in ground) - closet - akabati gushinguka cloth - umwenda, igitambaro come out of, to - kuva cloth women wear over shoulder ­ come to (someone), to - gusanga umwitero come to an end, to - guhera come to life, to - kuzuka clothe, to - kwambika come together, to - guterana come unexpectedly, to - gutungura clothes - imyambaro, imyenda take clothes off, to - kwambura comfort, to - guhumuriza comforted, to be - guhumura clothing - umwenda comings and goings - urujya n'uruza cloud - igicu Page 71 com-coo

comma - akabago, agakato, akitso congratulate, to (esp. birth) - guha impundu, gutanga impundu command - itegeko (as graduate) - gukura ubwatsi e.g. tugukuriye ubwatsi command, to - gutegeka, kugenga

commit oneself to, to - kwitanga conquer, to - kunesha, kuganza, kujujubya

common - rusange conscience - umutimanama

community - imiturire, mu baturage consent, to - kwemera

companion - mugenzi consequences - ingaruka

company - umushyitsi consider, to - kuzirikana

compare, to - kugereranya console, to - guhuriza

compel, to - guhata container, tin - igikombe

competition - ishyaka continually - guhora, kujya, ubutitsa, ubudasiba, ubudahwema complain, to - kwivovota, kuganyira, kwitonganya, kwitotomba, kwinuba continuation - akarande

complaints - amaganya continue, to - gukomeza, guhora

complete, to - kunoza, gusohoza contradict, to - kuvuguruza completely - rwose, byimazeyo contrary, on the - ahubwo, ibiri amambu compost pit - ingarane contribution - umusanzu concerned about, to be - kuzirikana, control, to - gutwara, gutegeka kwitwararika conversation - ikiganiro concluded (as meeting), to be - guhumuza converse with, to - kuganira conclusion - umwanzuro, umusozo cook (n.) - umutetsi condemnation - urubanza cook, to - guteka cooked, to be - gushya condemned, to be - gucirwaho iteka conduct - imibereho, umwifato, imyifatire, cool, to (int.) - guhora amatwara cool, to be - gukonja confess, to - kwihana, kwatura cool at end of day (at daybreak, coolness) ­ amafu confide in, to - gusabana, gushyikirana cooperate, to - gufatanya confusion - imidugarara cor-cry Page 72

cord - umugozi cow - inka cord of the tongue - intananya cow manure - amase cork - igipfundikizo craftsmanship - ubukorikori corn - ikigori corn, Kaffir - ishaka (amasaka) crane, crested - umusambi crazy, to be - gusara corner (of room, house) - imfuruka create, to - kurema, guhanga corpse - umurambo of animal, criminal - intumbi cripple - ikimuga, ikirema

cost - ikiguzi, igiciro criticize (badly), to - guhinyura

cough - inkorora crooked, to be - kugorama

cough, to - gukorora crops - imyaka

council - inama cross - umusaraba remove from cross, to - kubambura councillor (member of council) ­ umujyanama cross, to be - kugira inzika

counsel - inama cross body of water, to - kwambuka

counsel, to - kuglra inama crossness - inzika counsel together, to - kwigl ra inama crosswise, to place, (or, to be) - gutambika count, to - kubara crow, to - kubika country - igihugu, ishanga (amahanga), crowd - inteko, rubanda, imbaga, (rural) - icyaro ikivurige cy'abantu (of followers) - ishengero courage - umuhati

court - urukiko crowd, to - guhubuka

courtyard - ikibuga crown - ikamba

cover (lid) - umutemere, igipfundikizo crucify, to - kubamba uburingiti cruel, to be - kutagira imbabazi, kuba umunyamwaga cover, to - gupfuka cover with lid, to - gupfundikira crumbs - ubuvungukira cover oneself with, to - kwifubika cover oneself in bed, to - kwiyorosa crumple, to - kuzinga covet, to - kwifuza, kurarikira cry, to - kurira, gutaka Page 73 cry-dec

cry aloud, to - gusakuza dancer - intore cry out, to - gusakabaka danger - akaga, impagarara cry of alarm - induru dare, to - gutinyuka, kubahuka cultivate, to - guhinga dare to do something bad, to - guhangara

cultivator - umuhinzi dark, to be - kwijima dark, to get - kwira cup - igikombe it's getting dark - burije cupboard - akabati darkness - umwijima cure - gukiza darkness in daytime - ubwirakabiri

curiosity - amatsiko date - itariki (in month)

curse, to - kuvuma, gutuka daughter - umukobwa

cushion - umusego dawdle, to - gusodoka

custom - umuhango, umugenzo, umuco, ingeso dawn - umuseke at dawn - umuseke utambitse cut, to - guca, gukata cut, to be - gucibwa day - umunsi cut down tree, grass, to - gutema day after tomorrow - ejo bundi cut firewood, to - kwasa day before yesterday - ejo bundi cut lengthwise, to - gusatura next day - bukeye cut in pieces (meat, vegetables, cloth), to hot part of day - agasusuruko - gukeba late in day (near sunset) - igicamunsi cut off one's path, to - gutangira cut oneself, to - kwitema daytime - amanywa cut up, to - gucagagura cut hair, beard, to - kogosha dead - -pfuye half-dead - intere cut (n.)(in body) - uruguma deaf person - igipfamatwi

D dear - ukundwa damage, to - konona, kwangiza death - urupfu damaged, to be - kononekara at the point of death, to be - gusamba, damage immature crop or produce, to ­ kuremba kwangiza debt - umwenda damp, to be - gukonja deceit - uburiganya dance, to - kubyina dance the war (intore) dance, to ­ deceitfulness - ibihendo guhamiriza dec-dif Page 74 deceive, to - guhenda, gushuka, kubeshya deny, to - guhakana deceive lightly, to - kubeshyabeshya, gushukashuka depart, to - gusezera deprive oneself of, to - kwiyaka December - Ukuboza, ukwezi kwa cumi n'abiri depth of lake, in - i muhengeri decide, to - gushinga, kugambirira, kugena descend, to - kumanuka cause to descend, to - kumanura decision (final) - umwanzuro descend from, to - gukomoka decision, facing a - mu rungabangabo describe, to - kurondora declare, to - kogeza desire, to - gushaka, kwifuza dedicate child, to - gutura umwana Imana desire strongly, to - kurarikira deep - -re-re (kirekire, etc.) desire, strong - irari defeat, to - gutsinda desk - ibiro defeat utterly, to - kuganza despair, to - kwiheba be in despair, to - gushoberwa defecate, to - kunnya despise, to - kugaya (object, not person), defend oneself, to - kuburana gusuzugura defend oneself against accusation, to ­ kwiregura destine for, to (a certain use, purpose) ­ kugenera defender - umuvunnyi deficit - igihombo destitution - ubutindi defile, to - guhumanya destroy, to - kurimbura, gutsemba, gusenya defiled, to be - guhumana dew - urume, ikime delay, with - bitinze, hatinze, gutinda diarrhea, to have - guhitwa deliberately - nkana die, to - gupfa be about to die, to - kuremba, gusamba delicious, to be - kuryoha make die slowly, to - kwica urubozo deliver (baby), to - kubyara come to time to deliver, to - kuramukwa different, to be - gutandukana, guca ukubirina deliver, to (what doctor does) - kubyaza difficult, to be - kugora, gukomera, kurushya delivered (from harm), to be - kurokoka difficulties - amagorwa demon - daimoni difficulty - ingorane be in great difficulty, to - kuba mu den - isenga, indiri Page 75 dig-do

mazi abira discuss, to - kuvugana not experience difficulty, to - guteta disease - indwara dig a hole, to - gucukura dish - isahane dig in the garden, to - guhinga dig into side of (as hill), to ­ dishonest, to be - guhemuka gukorogoshora dishonest person (doesn't keep promise) ­ umuhemu dignity - ubwiyubahe dilemna, in a - mu rungabangabo dishonesty - ubuhemu diminish, to - kugabanuka dislike, to - kwanga dinner - ibyo kurya by'isaa sita (noon) disobedient child - tereriyo ibyo kurya bya ni joro (at night) disobedient person - ikigande dip in water, to (as finger) - kwibiza, disobey, to - gusuzugura, kuturYlvira, kugoma kujabika disorder (noisy) - imidugararo, imvururu diploma - impamyabushobozi dispensary - ibitaro, ivuriro direct towards, to - kwerekeza dispersed, to be - gutatana direction - icyerekezo display, to - kumurikwa director - umutegetsi displease, to - guhinyuka dirt (as on floor) - umwanda, ico (on body, clothes) - imbyiro dispute - impaka, amahane disrespect, to - kubahuka dirty - -bi (mubi, kibi, etc.) distinct, to be - gutandukana disagreement - amakimbirane distinguish between, to - gutandukanya disappear, to - guhera disappear behind, to - kurenga distribute food, to - kugaburira disappear into ground, to - kurigita disturb, to - gutoba (esp. water) disappoint, to - guhinyuka divide, to - kugabanya discard, to - guta, kujugunya discarded, to be - gutabwa division - igice divorce, to - kwahukana, gutandukana, gutana discourage, to - gucogoza dizzy, to be - kuzenguzwa discouraged, to be - gucika intege, kugwa mu kantu do, to - kugira, gukora do, to cause to - gutera, gutuma doc-dyi Page 76

do first, to - kubanza drip, to - gutonyanga do something, to - gucira drive toward, to - kwerekeza doctor - umuganga drive stake, to - gushinga doctor, to - kuvura driver - umushoferi doctrines - inyigisho, imyizerere dropsy - urushwima dog - imbwa drown, to (int.) - kurohama donkey - indogoba drowning - uburohame door - urugi, umwango (Sw.) drum - ingoma door-post - igikingi drunk, to be (a person) - gusinda drunk, to be (liquid) - kunyobwa doorway - umuryango dry, to - kuma (int.) dormitory - icumbi dry up, to - gukama, kuraba (plant) doubt, to - gushidikanya dry season - icyi (June - September) dove - inuma urugaryi (December - January) impeshyi (June) down - hepfo dry season, to end - guhanguka dowry - inkwano duck - igishuhe dowry, to pay - gukwa due to - ku mpamvu z'uko drag along, to - gukurubana dull, to be - kugimba, gutiga draw, to (pictures) - gushushanya dumbfound, to - kuyobera draw near, to - kwegera dumbfounded, to be - gushoberwa, kugwa mu kantu dream - inzozi dream, to - kurota dumb person (physical) - ikiragi dress - ikanzu, ikizibaho, amahenure (very dust - umukungugu short) dust, to - guhanagura dress oneself, to - kwambara duty - umurimo dress another, to - kwambika dress beautifully, to - kurimba dwarf - igikuri dresser - ibiro dwell, to - gutura dwelling place - inturo drink, to - kunywa go in search of drinks, to - kuvumba dying person - indembe Page 77 dys-eno

dysentery - amacinya elephant - inzovu

elsewhere - ahandi E embrace, to (arm across back) - guhobera each - -ose (yose, byose, etc.) embroider, to - gutaka eagle - kagoma (3rd c1.) emphasize, to - kwerura, gushimangira ear - ugutwi employee - umukozi early - kare employer (female) - mabuja early, to get up - kuzinduka (male) - databuja

earnestness - umuhati empty - gusa, ubusa e.g. igikombe ni gusa - the cup is empty earth - isi, igitaka igikombe kirimwo ubusa - the cup is east - iburasirazuba empty

Easter - Ipasika empty-handed - amara masa easy, to be - koroha empty out, to - kujugunya; kumena (liquid) eat, to - kurya, gufungura encircle, to - gutangatanga, gushungera, eat a lot, to - guhaga kugota eat together, to - gusangira eat with (instrument), to - kurisha enclosure - urugo eaten, to be - kuribwa encounter, to - gusanga eclipse - ubwirakabiri encourage, to - guhumuriza, gukomeza, gutera economical, to be - kurondereza inkunga, gushishikaza edge (of cup) - urugara end - iherezo; impera (with words of time) e.g. ku mpera y'ukwezi - at end of month effort, to make - kugerageza, gushishikara end, to - gushira (int.); kumara (tr.) egg - igi come to an end, to - guhera, gukuka of insect - umugi end (dry season), to - guhanguka end meeting, to - guhumuza eight - munani end of oneself, to be at - gushobera, eighty - mirongwinani gushoberwa end with, to - kugeza elder - -kuru (mukuru, etc.) enemy - umwanzi election - itora enjoy, to - kunezererwa, kwinezeza electricity - amashyanyarazi enough, to be - gukwira, - hagije enr-exc Page 78

it is enough - birahagije eternally - iteka ryose enrich, to - gukungahaza European - umuzungu enter, to - kwinjira even - ndetse refuse permission to enter, to - guheza even if - bona enter a person, to - guhanga umuntu even though - nubwo, naho enthusiasm - umwete, (for work) ishyaka even, to be - kuringanira make even, to - kuringaniza entice, to - gushukashuka evening - ni mugoroba (2:00 - 6:00) entirely - rwose become evening, to - kugoroba entrance forbidden, or exclusive - mu muhezo ever, to have - kwigera e.g. wigeze ubona - have you ever seen? entrance to kraal - irembo envelope, to - gusaba every - -ose (wese, yose, etc.) every day - iminsi yose epidemic - icyorezo everything - byose everywhere - hose epilepsy - igicuri evidence (Le. proof) - intangamugabo, equal, to be - kungana (size, force, age); gihamya kureshya (length, height); kuringanira make equal, to - kuringaniza evil - ikibi ubugizi bwa nabi - evil acts erase, to - gusiba erosion - isuri exaggerate, to - gukabya err, to - gufudika, kuyoba examination - ikizamini error - ifuti, ikosa examine, to - gupima, gusuzuma make an error, to - gucikwa examine carefully, to - gusesengura escape, to - gucika example - icitegererezo, urugero it escaped me - byanciyeho exceedingly - cyane exceedingly white - -era de escort, to - guherekeza, gushagara especially - cyane cyane excellence - akataraboneka, ihiSho essential - ingombwa excellent, to be - kuryoha establish, to - gushinga, gushimangira except - keretse, uretse esteem - icyubahiro exchange, to - kugurana exchange greetings, to - kuramukanya Eternal One - Uwiteka Page 79 exc-fam

exclude, to - kuzira F

excluding - uretse fable - umugani tell a fable, to - gucira umugani excuse me - mpore, bambe, nako face - mu maso (hanjye, hawe, etc.) excuse(s) - urwitwazo face (someone), to - guhangana excuse(s), to make - gutora impamvu fact, in - ndetse exercise, to - kwitoza factory - inganda exercises, to do - kwiyereka fade, to - gucyuya exhaust, to - kurondora exhausted (from work), to be - kugwa fail to find, to - guheba agacuho fail an examination, to - gutsindwa fail someone, to - guhemuka exhort, to - gushishikaza faint, to - kuraba exist, to - kuba faint from hunger, to - kugwira isari there exists - hariho faith - ukwizera exit, to - gusohoka faithful, to be - kunambaho (till death), expect, to - kwiringira, kurindira kudahemuka experienced, to be - gusesa akanguhe faithful person - umunyamurava, indahemuka explain, to - gusobanura ask to explain, to - gusobanuza, gusiganuza faithfully, to work - gukorana umurava faithfulness - umurava expression, to change (due to bad news) ­ guhonga fall, to - kugwa (as building) - gutemba, gusenyuka, exterminate, to - gutsemba kuriduka cause to fall, to - kugusha extinct, to become - guhera fall down before, to - kwikubita imbere extinguish fire, to - kuzimya fall from above, to - guhubuka, guhanuka extinguished (fire), to be - kuzima fall into ruin, to - kuriduka, gusenyagurana extort, to - guhenda falsehood - ikinyoma extremely - pe, bikabije fame - inkuru eye - ijisho family - umuryango eye of needle - umwenge close eyes, to - guhumiriza famine - inzara set eyes on, to - kurabukwa something in the eye - igitotsi famous - ikirangirire far-fin Page 80

far, far away - kure February - Gashyantare, ukwezi kwa kabiri

fare (as in boat) - ihoro fee paid to witchdoctor - ingemu receive fare, to - guhoza feed, to - kugaburira farewell, to bid - gusezera feel, to - kumva farmer - umuhinzi fellowship (n.) - ubusabane, umushyikirano fast - vuba, ningoga fellowship, to have - gufatanya, gushyikirana fast, to - kwiyiriza ubusa, kwigomwa female - igitsina-gore fat - amavuta, ikinure fat child - umushishe fence - uruzitiro

fat, to be - kubyibuha fete - ibirori

fate, bad - umwaku fetish - igiheko

father (my, our) - data, umukambwe (old) fever - ubuganga, ingurumira y'umuriro, (your) - so, umukambwe umuriro (his, her, their) - se, umukambwe few - -ke, -keya (bike, makeya, etc.) father-in-law (my) - databukwe field - isambu; (cultivated) - umurima (your) - sobukwe (his, her, their) - sebukwe fifty - mirongwitanu

fault - amakemwa fig tree - umutini

favor - ubutoni fight, to - kurwana (int.); kurwanya (tr.) fight verbally - to - gutata favorite - umutoni a favorite, to be - gutona figurative speech - amarenga

favoritism - ubutoni fill, to - kuzura (int.); kuzuza (tr.), gukungahaza fear - ubwoba, umususu half-filled, to be - gucagata fear, to - gutinya, kugira ubwoba, filled to the brim, to be - gusendera kwishisha filter, to - kumimina, kuminina fearful, to be - kugingimiranya filthiness - ico fearless, to be - gutinyuka final (absolutely) - burundu feast, to give a - kuzimana final word - umwanzuro feather - iryoya finally - kw iherezo, byimazeyo Page 81 fi n-foo

find, to - kubona, gusanga flashlight - isitimu find lost object, to - gutora find out, to - kwihugura flat, to be - kuringanira, gutambika find the way after being lost, to - guhabuka make flat, to - kuringaniza not to find, fail to find - kubura, guheba flavor, to - guhumuza fine - neza flavor, to lose - gukayuka finger - urutoki(e) flea - imbaragasa index finger - mukubitarukoko little finger - agahera flee, to - guhunga middle finger - musumbazose ring finger - marere flesh - inyama, umubiri

finger-nail - urwara flock (of sheep) - umukumbi

finish, to - kumara, kurangiza (tr.), floor - hasi kurundarunda, kunoza floor (etage) - igorofa

fire - umuriro flour - ifu set fire to, to - gutwika (fire) go out, to - kuzima flow, to - gutemba (fire) put out, to - kuzimya flower - indabyo, uburabyo fireplace - iziko (stones under cooking pot) fly - isazi firewood - urukwi gather firewood, to - gusenya, gutashya fly, to - kuguruka flycatcher (bird) - umusamanzuki firm (stubborn), to be - kutava ku izima foam - ifuro first - mbere e.g. uwa mbere fog - igihu first, to do - kubanza fold, to - kuzinga, guhina (esp. arms) firstborn - imfura (impfura) follow, to - gukurikira fish - ifi follow someone in a position, to ­ fish, to - kuroba gusimbura follow after earnestly, to - guhihibikana fisherman - umurobyi folly - ubupfu fishing net - urushundura fond of (food), to be very - kwibanda kurya fist - igipfunsi food - ibyo kurya, ibiryo five - -tanu, eshanu (3rd, 6th d.) food for journey - impamba five times - gatanu fool - umuswa foo-fru Page 82 fool, to - kubeshyabeshya, gushukashuka forty - mirongwine fool around, to - gucura urugomo forward - imbere foolish person - igicucu fountain - isoko foot - ikirenge four - -ne, enye (3rd, 6th c1.) for - kubwa, ku, kuri, -ira, -era as verb fowl - inkoko suffix e.g. gukorera - to work for franc - ifaranga forbid, to - kubuza forbidden, to be - kuzira free - ku buntu (i.e. without charge) force - intege freedom - umudendezo force (against wil!), to - guhata freedom, to have - kwidegembya ford - umwaro French (language) - igifaransa forehead - uruhanga fresh - -bisi foreign country - ishanga, amahanga fresh, to be - gutoha foreign, something - inzaduka fret, to - kuganyira foreigner - umunyamahanga, umuvamahanga Friday - ku wa gatanu forest - ishyamba friend - inshuti (incuti), mugenzi foretell, to - guhanura friendly, to be - kurangwaho ubucuti forever - iteka ryose, akaramata friends with, to be - gushudika forget, to - kwibagirwa friendship - ubucuti forget momentarily, to - guhuga friendship, close - ubusabane forgetfulness - amazinda frightened, to be - guhagarika umutima, guterwa ubwoba forgive, to - kubabarira fringe - inshunda forgiveness - imbabazi from - i, ku, mu fork - ikanya front of, in - imbere form - ishusho froth - ifuro forsake, to - kureka, gusiga, kuzinukwa froth at mouth, to - kubimba ifuro fortunate, to be - guhirwa frugal, to be - kurondereza fortune, good - amahlrwe Page 83 fru-gli

fruit - imbuto general - rusange

fry, to - gukaranga gentle (person) - umugwaneza

fulfill, to - gusohoza gentleness - ubugwanza

fulfilled, to be - gusohora gently - buhoro, buhoro-buhoro

full, to be - kuzura germinate, to - kumera

fullness - ubwuzu get, to - gUhabwa, kubona get up early, to - kuzinduka fully - bwite get up (from bed, ground), to - kubyuka get up quickly (from bed, seat), to - fun at, to poke - gucyocyora kubaduka fur - ubwoya help someone get up, to - kubyutsa

furthermore - kandi, byongeye kandi ghost, ancestral - umuzimu

fuss, to - kwitonganya giant - igihangange

future - ibihe bizaza gift - impano, impongano gift to superior - ituro

G girl - umukobwa, inkumi (teen-age) gain - inyungu give, to - guha, kugaba, gutanga give birth to, to - kubyara gain, to - kunguka give completely, to - kwegurira give oneself wholly to, to - kwibanda ku, game - igikino, umukino kwiyegurira wild game - inyamaswa give up, to - kwigomwa, guhara (something loved), gutezuka garden - umurima, ubusitani given, to be - guhabwa gardener - umuhinzi giving (an offering) - imitangire garment - umwambaro, umwenda glad, to be - kunezerwa, kwishima gate - irembo gladness - ibyishimo, ishimwe gather, to - gusoroma glance at, to - gutera imboni gather together, to - (int.) guterana, gukorana; (tr.) guteranya, gukoranya glass - ikirahuri gather firewood, to - gusenya, gutashya glasses (eye) - amataratara, amadarubindi, gathering - iteraniro, ikoraniro indorerwamo gaze at, to - kurangamira gleam, to - kubengerana

glimpse, to have - kurabukwa glo-gre Page 84 glory - ubwiza Gospel - Ubutumwa Bwiza glutton - igisambo gossip - amazimwe, inzimuzi go, to - kujya (with word of place) gouge out (eye, etc.), to - kunogora kugenda (with no word of place) go ahead, to - kwicuma gourd - igicuma go back, to - gusubira govern, to - gutegeka, kugenga go by oneself, to - kwigendera go down hill, to - kumanuka government - Leta, ubutegetsi go from place to place, to - kujarajara go home, to - gutaha grab, to - gusumira go on further, to - kurombereza grab unexpectedly, to - kugwa gitumo go out against, to - guhurura go out (fire), to - kuzima grace - ubuntu go outside, to - gusohoka go to bed, to - kuryama grain, head of (Kaffir corn, etc.) - ihundo go to find, to - gusanga go to meet, to - gusanganira grandchild - umwuzukuru go toward, to - kugana grandfather - sogokuru, sekuru go up hill, to - kuzamuka go with, to - kugendana, kujyana grandmother - nyogokuru, nyirakuru come on, let's go - hogi, nimuhogi tugende grant - imfashanyo goat - ihene grant, to - kwemera goat manure - amahurunguru grapes - umuzabibu goat milk - amahenehene grasp, to - gufata God - Imana grass - ubwatsi, icyatsi goings and comings - urujya n'uruza grass ring used to carry load - ingata gold - izahabu grave - imva good - -iza, neza (mwiza, cyiza, etc.) gravel - umucanga, umusenyi good-afternoon - mwiriwe, mwiriweho, wiriwe great - -kuru (mukunJ, gikuru, etc.) great-grandfather - sogokuruza, sokuruza, good-bye - munnrwe, muririrweho sekuruza (don't expect to see again soon) ­ murabeho great-grandmother - nyogokuruza, say goodbye, to - gusezerana nyokuruza, nyirakuruza good-morning - mwaramutseho green - (fresh) - bisi; (unripe) - -toto good-night - muraramukeho green color - bisa n'ibyatsi bibisi Page 85 gre-hap green, to be - gutoha guest - umushyitsi green beans - imiteja guest room - icumbi greens - imboga, uruboga guide - umuyobozi greet, to - kuramutsa, gutaha, gutashya guide, to - kuyobora exchange greetings, to - kuramukanya greet (at beginning of letter), to ­ gym, to do - kwiyereka gusuhuza greetings - intashyo, hobe (hello) H habit - ingeso, umugenzo grief - umubabaro, agahinda cause grief, to - kubabaza hail - urubura grieve, to - kuganya, kubabara hair (of human head) - umusatsi (of any but human head) - ubwoya grind, to - gusya, (in mortar) gusekura grinding stone - urusyo half - igice kimwe cya kabiri, inusu (Sw.) half-filled, to be - gucagata groan, to - kuganya half-dead - intere ground - hasi, ubutaka hammer - inyundo ground, to be - gusebwa hammock - ingobyi ground nut - ikinyobwa, akabemba hand - ikiganza palm of hand - urushyi (pI. amashyi) group - agatsiko, inteko, umutwe shake hands, to - gukora mu ntoki group (for work assignment) - icyiciro hand over, to - gushy] r a group, to - kubangikanya, gukomatanya handle of cup, pail - umukEindo grow, to - gukura grow up, to - kwaruka handsome person - umunyaburanga bwiza, grow luxuriously, to - gusagamba uw'igikundiro grudge - inzika, umujinya handsomeness - uburanga guard (by door of important person) ­ hang, to (int.) - kunagana umukumirizi hang up, to - kumanika guard, to - kurinda guard, to be on - kuba maso happen unexpectedly, to - gutungura guard yourself from, to - kwirinda happened, what - ibyabaye guess, to - gufora happiness - umunezero hap-her Page 86 happy, to be - kunezerwa, kwishima heal (int.), to - gukira happy, to make - kunezeza, kunezereza healed, to be - gukizwa harbinger - amendeze health - ubuzima in good health - -taraga (adj.) hard, to be - gukomera hard of heart, to be - kunangirwa healthy - -zima (muzima, kizima, etc.) hard to untie, to be - kunangirwa harden heart, to - kwinangira umutima heap - ikirundo no hard feelings - nta mpfane heap, to - kurunda harm, to - guhangara (as in "nothing can hear, to - kumva harm us") heart - umutima harshness - umwaga harsh person - umunyamwaga heat - ubushyuhe harvest - umwero, isarura, imyaka (crops) heat, to - gushyushya harvest, to - gusarura heathen - umupagani harvest millet, to - kugesa heaven - ijuru haste - ubwira heavy, to be - kuremera heavy-laden, to be - kuremerwa hasty manner, in a - ku buryo bukataje hat - ingofero hedge - uruzitiro hedge, to plant - kuzitira hate, to - kwanga heel - agatsintsino have, to - -fite, kugira have to, to - -kVliiriye height -ubuhagarike, uburebure have... thanks to, to - gukesha e.g. Nkesha Imana agakiza -I have hello - muraho, mwaramutseho, mwiriweho, salvation, thanks to God hobe haze - igihu help, to - gufasha help willingly, to - gutabara he - we, a- (verb prefix) go to help, to - kugoboka head - umutwe help, unexpected - ingoboka head of grain (esp. Kaffir corn) - ihundo head of grain (immature) - umugengararo hem in, to - kugota head (of something dead) - igihanga her - we, eye, bye, etc. head up, to (as, cabbage) - kubumba herd - ishya, ubushyo (as grain) - kugengarara (pigs only) - umugana heal, to - gukiza (tL), kuvura (tr.) Page 87 her-hot

herd, to - kuragira hoe handle - umuhini

herdsman - umushumba hold, to - gufata hold (someone), to - gutanglra here - hano, ino, aha hold out hands, to - gutega amashyi here is - dore here and there - hamwe na hamwe hole - umwobo large hole in ground - icyobo, urwina hereditary trait - akarande hole in cloth, pot, object - umwenge small hole - intoboro hesitate, to - gutindaganya, kugingimiranya

hide, to - guhisha (tr.); gupfurika (int.) hole, to get (as pot) - gupfumuka hide from sight, to - gukingiriza (tr.) hole, to make - gupfumura

high - -re-re (muremure, ndende, etc.) holiness - kwezwa on high - hejuru higher up - haruguru holy, to be - kwera, kwegurirwa Imana a high place - ahirengeye holy, to make - kweza holy (adj.) - ziranenge

hill - umusozi Holy Spirit - Umwuka Wera, Mwuka hinder, to - gukoma Muziranenge

hinder from seeing, to - gukingiriza home, at - i muhira, i wanjye, i wabo, etc. at the home of - kwa hinder progress, to - kudindiza home, to go - gutaha hinder from getting, to - kuvutsa homosexual acts, to commit - gutinga hindrance - inkomyi honey - ubuki Hindu - Umuhindi honor - icyubahiro, ishema hippopotamus - imvubu honor, to - kubaha, gusingiza, kuramya hired person - umucanshuro hope - ibyiringiro his - we, cye, rwe, etc. hope, to - kwiringira history - inkuru, histwari horizontal, to be - gutambika hit, to - gukubita horizontal position - ubutambike hither and yon - hirya no hino horn (of animal) - ihembe hoe - isuka horse - ifarashi hoe, to - guhinga hospital - ibitaro, ivuriro hoe, worn out - ifuni hot, to be - gushyuha hou-imp Page 88 hour - isaha house - inzu I - jye, jyewe, jyeweho I alone - jyenyine how (manner) - uko, uburyo, ukuntu (in question) - -te? (ate? bite? etc.) ice - urubura, amazi akonje cyane how do you do? - muraho idea - igitekerezo how many? - -ngahe? (bangahe, bingahe,etc.) idiom - inshoberamahanga how often? - kangahe? idleness - ubudeshyi however - ariko, ahubwo, ibiri amambu, idol - ikigirwamana icyakora if - ni, niba, yuko howl, to - kuboroga ignorance, to come out of - kujijuka ignorance, to bring out of - kujijura hug - umuhoberano hundred - ijana ignorant of, to be - kuyoberwa, kujijwa hunger - inzara ignorant person - injiji hungry, to be - gusonza, kugira inzara ignore someone, to - kurangar ana hunt (game), to - guhiga ill, to be - kurwara hunt for, to - gushaka, gushakashaka very ill, to be - kuremba hurry, to - kwihuta, kubanguka, gutebuka, illness - indwara gukataza hurry, to be in a - kugira ubwira image - igishushanyo imitate, to - kwigana hurt, to - kubabara (int.), kubabaza (tr.) hurt, to be - kubabara, kubabazwa immediately - nonaha, ubu ngubu to ..... immediately - guherako ... husband - umugabo e.g. aherako agenda - he immediately went husk, to - gutonora impartial, to be - kutabera hut (temporary) - ingando impartial person - intabera hymn - indirimbo importance - amatwara hypocrisy - uburyarya important - -nkuru (mukuru), ingenzi, hypocrite, to be - kuryarya imena important, to be - gukomera hypocritically, to act - kuryarya improved (physically), to be - koroherwa Page 89 i n- i nt in, into - mu, muri ink - vino incapable person - umuswa innocent - umwere inception - inkomoko insect - igisimba little insects that supposedly make honey ­ incipience - amendeze ubuhura incite to do something, or act, to - kubwiriza inside - imbere income - inyungu instead - mu cyimbo, mu kigwi incorporation - ubuzima-gatozi instruct, to - kujijura, kwigisha increase, to - kunguka insult - igitutsi (of animals) - kororoka (int.), gutubura (tr.) insult, to - gutuka inculcate, to - kwitoza intelligence - ubwenge independence - ubwigenge intelligent, to be - guhuguka independent, to be - kwigenga intemperance - ivutu indeed - ndetse, koko intention - imigambi

Indian - Umuhindi intentionally - ikigize cya nkana, bigirankana, nkana infant - uruhinja interest - umwete inferior to - hanyuma ya interim person - agateganyo infinitive - imbundo interior - indiri infirm person - ikimuga interminable - urudaca influence, to - kureshya interpret, to - gusobanura inform, to - guhugura, kumenyesha ask to interpret, to - gusobanuza send to inform, to - kurarika informed, to be - kwihugura, kujijuka interrogation, word of - mbese, ese, se inhabit, to - gutura interrupt, to - kurogoya inherit, to - kuragwa, kugira umunani interrupter - kirogoya inheritance - umwandu intimidate by, to - gukangisha leave inheritance, to - kuraga into - mu, muri injection - urushinge introduce something new, to - guhanga injured, to be - gukomereka in v-kee Page 90

invalid - ikimuga, ikirema joke, to - gushyenga,guteta

invent, to - guhanga, guhimba (esp. poem, jokes;.. amashyengo story) journal - ikinyamateka, akabarankuru invite, to - kurarika, gutumira journey - urugendo iron - icyuma joy - umunezero, ibyishimo, ishimwe iron to iron clothes - ipasi, iferu cry (shout) of joy - impundu great joy - ubwuzu iron clothes, to - gutera ipasi judge - umucamanza, umunyarukiko irritate, to - kurya judge, to - gucira urubanza irritation - ishavu judgment - urubanza is - -ri, ni is not - si jug - umudomo Isn't it?, Isn't that so? - si byo? July - Nyakanga, ukwezi kwa karindwi island - ikirwa jump, to - gusimbuka itch (scabies) - ubuheri June - Kamena, ukwezi kwa gatandatu, itch, to - kuryaryata impeshyi

itself - ubwayo, ukwayo, etc. jungle - ishyamba

just, to be - gukiranuka, kutabera J just, to (to just...) - gupfa ku jacket - ikoti just as - nka, nk'uko January - Mutarama, ukwezi kwa mbere just person - intabera jealous, to be (momentarily) --fite ishyari justice - ubukiranutsi jealous, to be (as in characteristic orin past) - kugira ishyari justice to one who has been treated unjustly, to give - kurenganura jealousy - ishyari

jest, to - gucyocyora K

Jesus - Yesu, Yezu Kaffir corn- ishaka (amasaka) jigger - ivunja keep, to - kugumana keep (as money), to - kuzigama job - akazi keep (law, command), to- kwitondera keep on, to - gukomeza join, to - gufatanya, kunga Page 9 1 k e t -I at kettle - ibirika know oneself, to - kwiyizi big kettle - ibinika knowledge - ubwenge, ubumenyi key - urufunguzo knowledgeable, to be - kujijuka kick (in womb, baby), to - gufunyanga known, to become - kumenyekana, kwamamara kill, to - kwica, guhemura make known, to - kwamamaza, kogeza, kuranga kilogram - ikikiro kraal - urugo kind (species) - ubwoko kind (gentle) person - umugwaneza L kindle, to - gucana labor pains, to have - kuramukwa kindness - ubugwaneza lack, to - kubura, kugomba king - umwami ladder - urwego kingdom - ubwami lady, young (unmarried)- inkumi kingly - icyami lake - ikiyaga, inyanja kiss, to - gusoma kiss repeadtedly, to - gusomagura lamp - itara, itabaza lampstand - igitereko kitchen - igikoni land - ikibanza, imusozi, isambu knead (bread), to - gufunyanga, gukora umugati language - ururimi knee - ivi lap, to take on - gukikira kneel, to - gupfukama large - -nini knife - imbugita, icyuma last - iheruka, imperuka last, to be - guheruka knit, to - kuboha have or make come last, to - guherutsa knock, to - gukomanga last long, to - kuramba knock down, to - guhondagura knock down with, to - kuvuza late, to be - gukererwa, gutinda, gutindaganga it's late (in day) - burije knot - ipfundo get late (in day), to - kwira make a knot, to - gupfundika make late, to - gukerereza tie knots, to - gupfundikanya later - ubwanyuma, hanyuma know, to - kumenya, -zi not know, to - kuyoberwa, kujijwa later on - hatinze, bitinze, hato, hatoya la u-I i 9 Page 92 laugh, to - guseka left-over bits - ubuvungukira launderer - umumeshi leg - ukuguru law - itegeko lemon - indimu lay (tr.), to - kurambika lend, to - gutiza (actual article to be returned) layman - umurayiki kuguriza, kugurana (article to be replaced) laziness - ubunebwe, ubudeshyi, ubute kuguza (esp. money) lazy, to be - kunebwa, kugarama, kugira ubute length - uburebure, ubutambike, lead, to - kuyobora, kurongora umurambararo lead (esp. animals), to - gushorera lead home, to - gucyura leopard - ingwe lead by the hand, to - kurandata leper - umubembe leader - umuyobozi leprosy - ibibembe leaf - ikibabi lesson - icyigisho, isomo leak, to - kuva let - henga, reka, ngaho (also, subjunctive lean against, to - kUbyiga, kwegeka mood) (person leans) - kwegamira letter - urwandiko (epistle), ibaruwa learn, to - kwiga, kwihugura letter (of alphabet) - inyuguti least - uwa nyuma liberty - umudendezo at least - byibura, nibura lid - umutemeri, igipfundikizo leave, to - gusiga, kureka, kugenda leave alone, to - kwihorera lie - ikinyoma leave a place, to - gukuka leave gradually, to - gutezuka lie, to - kubeshya, kuriganya leave home, to - kuraruka lie about, to - kubeshyera leave mate (temporarily), to - kwahukana lie down, to - kuryama, kurambarara leave of, to take - gusezera lie on pillow, to - kWisegura leave off, to - kureka leave shore (in boat), to - komoka life - ubugingo, ubuzima, imibereho lift, to - guterura leaven - umusemburo lift up, to - kubyutsa leaven, to - gusembura light - umucyo left - i bumoso light of the moon - umwezi left, to be - gusigara light (weight), to be - guhuhwa Page 93 Ii g-Io r

light weight (though voluminous) ­ loan - amaguzanya igihwayihwayi loan, to - kuguza light (kindle), to - gucana, gukongeza locality - umuhana light of, to make - guteta lock, to - gukinga lightening - umurabyo locust - uruyige like - nka, bene, nk'uko like that - gutyo (dutyo, batyo, etc.) lodging, to give- gucumbikira like this - gutya (dutya, batya, etc.) lodging, to leave- gucumbukura

like, to - gukunda lodging place - icumbi

like, to be - gusa, kumera log - umugogo

likeness - ishusho loiter, to - gusodoka

lime - ingwa lonesome for, to be - gukumbura

line - umurongo, umusitari lonesomeness - urukumbuzi

lion - intare long - -re-re (muremure, kirekire, etc.) long ago - kera (also, future) lip - umunwa long (extended), to be - kurambura list of things - gahunda, urukurikirane e.g. amagambo arambuye - lengthy speech listen , to - gutega amatwi (in sense of eavesdrop) - kumviriza long for, to - kwifuza

little - -to, -toya (muto, bitoya, etc.) look, to - kureba look! - dore little by little - buhoro-buhoro look about on all aides, to ­ live, to - kubaho, kuba kuraranganyamo amasa, gukebaguza live alone, to - kwibana look at intently, to - kwitekereza, live in certain place, to - gutura gutumblra live long, to - kuramba look at, leaning over to see, to - live for God, to - kWiyegurira Imana, kurunguruka gukorera Imana mu mibereho yacu look everywhere, to - kurebareba yose, kwiberaho gukorera Imana look for, to - gushaka look up, to - kurarama liver - umwijima loosed, to be - guhambuka load - umutwaro loquat - umudigaferi load, to put down - gutura lord - umwami load, to - gupakira los-mas Page 94 lose, to - gutakaza, kubura, guta majority vote - amajwi nyamwinshi lose one's mind, to - gusara lose one's way, to - kuyoba, kuzimira make, to - gukora, kugira cause to lose, to - kuvutsa make bricks, to - kubumba make fun of, to - gusebya lost, to be - kuzimira, guhaba malaria - ubuganga lost, to be eternally - kurimbuka male - igitsina-gabo lots, to cast - gufinda man - umugabo (married) loud voice - ijwi rirenga of middle age, robust - igikwerere louse - inda manioc - umwumbati love - urukundo manner - uburyo love, to - gukunda manners, person of good - imfura (impfura) pretend to love, to - gukunda urumamo stop loving, to - kuzinukwa manure - amase love one spouse over others, to ­ manure heap - icukiro gukundwakaza many - -inshi (benshi, byinshi, etc.) low - -gufi (kigufi, ngufi, etc.) how many? - -ngahe how many times? - kangahe lower, to - kumanura lower down - hepfo March - Werurwe, ukwezi kwa gatatu luck, bad - ishyano, umwaku market - isoko, iguriro lust - irari marriage - ubukwe, gushyingiranwa lust (strong), to - guheheta marriage, to give in - gushyingira luxury, to have (live in) - kudamarara marrow - igihaza marry, to - gushyingirwa, kurongora, gushakana M marry brother's widow, to - guhungura machete - umupanga marry woman who has left husband, to ­ gucyura umugore mad, to be (sense of crazy) - gusara marsh - igishanga maggot - urunyo marvelous!, that's - ni ishyano maize - ikigori mash, to - gucucuma majesty - ishema mason - umufundi majority - nyamwinshi Page 95 mas-mir master (my) - databuja member of church - umunyetorero (your) - shobuja (his, her, their) - shebuja member of council - umujyanama mercenary - umucanshuro mat - ikirago small mat - umusambi mercy - imbabazi woven grass mat - ikidasesa merely - -sa (bisa, basa, etc.) matches, box of - ikibiriti message ~ ubutumwa mate (of pair of things) - mugenzi metal - icyuma mature (person), to be - gusesa akanguhe method - uburyo, ukuntu maturity - umwero (esp. of harvest), ubuhame middle, midst - hagati in middle of lake - imuhengeri May - Gicurasi, ukwezi kwa gatanu middle age (30-50) - ubukwerere, me - jye, jyewe, jyeweho imikwerere meal - ifunguro midnight - igicuku meal, to have - gufungura might (strength) - ukuboko means (of doing something) - ukuntu mildew - uruhumbu measure - inshuro, urugero milk - amata breast milk - amashereka measure, to - gupima, kugera c1abbered milk - ikivuguto measureless - birenze urugero, kutagira milk of goat - amahenehene ingano milk, to - gukama meat - inyama milk pot - inkongora medicine - umuti millet - ururo, uburo meditate, to - kuzirikana million - agahumbagiza, miliyoni meet, to - guhura, guterana, gukorana mind, to lose one's - gusara meet, to go to - gusanganira mine - -anjye (uwanjye, ibyanjye, etc.) meeting - iteraniro meeting place - ihuriro minute - idakika, iminota in a meeting - mu ruhame just a minute - henga, reka melt, to - (as butter) - kuyaga minute (tiny) - -zinya (kanzinya) (as sugar) - gushonga cause to melt, to - kuyaza miracle - igitangaza mir-mov Page 96

mirror - indorerwamo June - Kamena July - Nyakanga miscalculate, to - gucikwa August - Kanama September - Nzeli misery - ubutindi October - Ukwakira misfortune - akaga, amakuba November - Ugushingo December - Ukuboza miss, to (absent) - gusiba miss someone, to - gukumbura moon - ukwezi light of moon - umwezi Miss - Madamuzera more, to do - kurushaho, kurushiriza mistake - ifuti more than, to be - gusaga more, what's - byongeye kandi mistake, to make - gufudikq, gucikwa mistaken, to be - kuyoberwa moreover - kandi, ndetse, byongeye kandi

mistrust, to - gukenga, kwishisha morning - igitondo

mix, to - kuvanga mosquito - umubu mosquito netting - agatimba mixture (e.g. medicine, shoe polish, etc.) ­ umuti mostly - cyane cyane

moan, to - kuganya mother (my) - mama, umukecuru wanjye (your) - nyoko, umukecuru wawe, wanyu mock, to - gushinyagura, gusebya (his, her, their) - nyina mockery - agashinyaguro mother-in-law (my, our) - mabukwe moisten, to - kubobera (your) - nyokobukwe (his, her, their) - nyirabukwe mold - uruhumbu motorcycle - ipikipiki mold bricks or clay, to - kubumba

moment, brief - akanya mountain - umusozi mountain (high) - ikirunga Monday - ku wa mbere mountain top - impinga

money - amafaranga, ifeza, impiya, inota mouse - imbeba monkey (small gray) - inkende mouth (inside) - akanwa month - ukwezi mouth, to open - kwasama January - Mutarama February - Gashyantare move (int.), to - kujegajega, kWinyagambura March - Werurwe April - Mata move, to (dwelling) - kwimuka May - Gicurasi move about, to - gutembera move aside, to (to permit passage) - Page 97 Mr.-nes

kuberereka, kubisa narrow, to be - gufungana move on farther, to - kwicuma move to one side, down, to (tr.) - gutsura nation - ishyanga (amahanga) national (person) - umwene gihugu Mr. - Bwana native - kavukire Mrs. - Madamu nature - kavukire, kamere, imiterere much - cyane, -inshi (byinshi, etc.) nausea - iseseme much, to be too - gukabya navel - umukCindo mud - urwondo, ibyondo, uburongo multiply, to - kugwiza (tr.), gukuba (tr.), near - hafi, bugufi, (with object) hafi ya kugwira (int.) nearby - hafi, bugufi of animals (int.) - kororoka, gutubura (tr.) nearly - hafi necessary, to be - gukwira murderer - umwicanyi e.g. it's necessary - birakwiriye murmur, to - kwivovota, kwijujuta (discontent) neck - ijosi need - ubukene music - imuzike, umuziki need, urgent - inkeke must - -kwiriye, kugomba need, to - kugomba my - -anjye (wanjye, byanjye, etc.) needle - urushinge myself - ubwanjye, jyenyine needy, to be - gukena mystery - ubwiru, urujijo neglect, to - kWirengagiza, kurangarana (esp. person) N I neglected to do it - byanciyeho nail - umusomari, umusumari negligence - uburangazi nail, to - gushimangira neighbor - umuturanyi, umuturage naked - gusa, ubusa neighborhood - umuhana, igiturage naked, to go - kugenda gusa nephew (son of man's sister) - umwishywa, naked, to be - kwambara ubusa umusengeneza; (son of man's brother) ­ umuhungu wacu (wanyu, etc.) name - izina nest - icyari name, to - kwita nest, to make - kwarika narrative - igitekerezo net-occ Page 98

net, fishing - urushundura no one - nta we

netting (mosquito) - agatimba north - mu majyaruguru

never - ntabwo nose - izuru

never, to have - kwigera (in negative) nostril - izuru e.g. sinigeze mbona - I've never seen not - nta, si nevertheless - nyamara not at all - na gato, haba na gato, haba na busa, namba new - -shya (gishya, rushya, etc.) not in the least - na hato new, something - inzaduka nothing - nta cyo news - inkuru, amakuru nothing, for - ubusa, ku busa

newspaper - ikinyamateka, akabarankuru notice - itangazo

next (in ref. to time) - gutaha notice, to - -ruzi (no infinitive) next day - bukeye next month - ukwezi gutaha nourished, well - umushishe next week - icyumweru gitaha November - Ugushingo, ukwezi kwa cumi na nice - neza, -iza (mwiza, cyiza, etc.) kumwe

niece - umusengeneza now - ubu daughter of man's sister - umwishywa right now - ubungubu, ubu nyine and now - none night - ijoro, n'ijoro now and then - rimwe na rimwe .the night before - bucya number - umubare nine - icyenda nurse, to (int.) - konka ninety - mirongwicyenda, mirongurwenda nurse, to (tr.) - konsa

no - oya, nta, ashwi (emphatic), ashwi da!

nobleman - imfura (impfura) o oar - ingashyi nod, to - guhunikira (sleepy) obey, to - kumvira (a person) noise - urusaku, urwamo (voices), umuriri kwitondera (law, command) noise, to make - gusakuza observe, to - kuziririza none - nta obstinate, to be - kutava ku izima nonplussed, to be - gushoberwa, kugwa mu kantu obvious, to be - kwihandagaza occasionally - rimwe na rimwe noon - ku manywa Page 99 occ-out

occupied, to be - guhuglra operate (medical), to - kubaga

ocean - inyanja opportunity - uburyo

October - Ukwakira, ukwezi kwa cumi oppose, to - kuzira

off with you! - hoshi! oppress, to - gupyinagiza

offer, to - gutanga (as in church) oppressed (with burden), to be - gushengurwa offer a gift, to - gutura or - cyangwa offering - ituro orange (fruit) - indimu ya oranji, icunga office - ibiro (color) - igaju

often - kenshi ordain, to - kurobanura how often? - kangahe? order - gahunda oil - amavuta order that, in - kugirango

ointment, perfumed - amadahano order, to put in - kuringaniza

old, to become - gusaza; -kuru order, to - gutegeka

old man - umusaza, umukambwe orderliness - gahunda

old woman - umukecuru ordinarily - ubusanzwe

olive, wild - umunzenze ordinary people, the· rubanda rwa giseseka

omit, to - gusiba organization - gahunda (in sense of group) - ishyaka (e.g. U.N.) on - ku origin - inkomoko once - rimwe get one's origin from, to - gukomora once upon a time there was - hariho once and for all - byimazeyo ornament, to - gutaka one - -mwe ornaments, to wear - kurimba onion - ubutunguru (or, igi-, or, uru-) orphan - imfubyi only - gusa, ubusa, -nyine other - -ndi (undi, abandi, ibindi, etc.) open, to - gukingura, gufungura, kuzibura ought (to have to) - kugomba, -kwiriye, open (as flower), to - kurumbura kurinda open, to become - kuzibuka open the mouth, to - kwasama our - -acu (wacu, bacu, byacu, etc.) openly - ku mugaragaro out of - mu openly, to speak - kwerura out-pas Page 100 out, to put - gusohora pail - indobo out, to go - gusohoka pain - ububabare, umubabaro outside (of house) - hanze, inyuma pain, to have - kuribwa, kubabara outside, to go - gusohoka paint - irangi paint, to - guslga irangi oven (underground, for drying bananas) ­ urwina palm of hand - urushyi over - hejuru ya palm oil - amamesa over and above, to be - gusaguka palm tree - umukindo over there - hariya pan, cooking - isafuriya overcharge, to - guhenda panel, solar energy - ikidasesa overcome, to - gutsinda pants - ipantalo overflow, to - gusesekara, gusagt papaya - ipapayi overflowing, to be - gusaguka paper - urupapuro, urukaratasi overlook, to - kwirengagiza newspaper - akabarankuru oversee, to - kugenzura, guperereza parable - umugani overturn, to - guhirika pardon - imbabazi owl - igihunyira parent - umubyeyi own, to - gutunga part - igice, igika, uruhare (esp. part received) - umugabane own (one's own...)- bwite part in, to have - kugira uruhare owner of - nyira part with, to - gutandukana P participation - uruhare pack, to - gupakira partnership - ubusabane pad, grass (to use on head for carrying load) ­ partridge - inkwari ingata party, to have - gucura urugomo paddle - ingashyi party (political) - ishyaka pagan - umupagani pass by, to - guhita, kunyura page - urupapuro pass along, to - kunyura, guca pass away, to - guhanguka Page 101 pas-per

pass beyond, to - kurenga (as perfume, etc.) - gusaba pass the night, to - kurara penetrate, to make - gucengeza pass through, to - guca, kunyura pass through, to make - kuboneza pension - ubwiteganirize passage, to permit - kuberereka, kubisa people (sense of nation) - ihanga, ishanga (crowd) - itorero passer-by - umuhisi the people - rubanda ordinary people - rubanda rwa giseseka past - ibihe byashize pepper - ipiripiri, urusenda (hot) past, to go - kurenga perfect (n., adj.) - indakemwa pasture - ubwatsi, urwuri perfect, to - gutunganya pasture, to - kurisha perfect, to be - gutungana patch - ikiremu perfume -amarashi path - inzira perhaps - ahari, wenda, ubanza, yenda patient, to be - kwihangana period (or comma) - akabago, akadomo, akitso pay (n.) - umushahara, igihembo period, to have (female) - kuba mu mugongo pay, to - guhemba, gutanga pay debt, to - kwishyura perish, to - kurimbuka pay dowry, to - gukwa permission - uruhushya pay attention, to - kwita ku permission, to ask for - gusaba uruhushya pay ransom, to - gucungura perplex, to - kuyobera peace - amahoro perplexed, to be - gushoberwa, kubunza umutima, kuyoberwa, guhera mu peaceful, to be - gutuza rungabangabo peak, mountain - impinga persecute, to - kurenganya, gutoteza peanut - ikinyobwa, akabemba persevere, to - gushishikara peas - amashaza person - umuntu peel, to (with knife) - guhata personnalite civile - ubuzima-gatozi (with fingers) - gutonora perspiration - icyuya penalty, to make pay the - kuryoza perspire, to (heavily)- kubira icyuya pencil - ikaramu persuade, to try to - guhendahenda penetrate, to - kumena, gucengera pes-pie Page'02

pester, to - kujujubya place - ahantu at one place - hamwe photograph - ifoto at some places - hamwe na hamwe high place - ahirengeye photograph, to - gufotora in the place of - ikigwi, icyimbo phrase - interuro place, to - guhingutsa pick, to - gusoroma place above, to - kumanika (as corn) - guca place an object, to - gutereka pick out, to - gutoranya place on top of, to - kugereka pick up, to - gutora place near, to - kubangikanya pick up here and there, to - gutoragura placenta - ingobyi picture - ishusho plain (near river, lake) - ikibaya picture, to take - gufotora plain, to make - kwerura piece - igice plan - integuro, umugambi, ubugenere piece of something broken - igisate plans - imishinga

pierce, to - gutobora plan for, to - kugambirira, guteganya, kugena

pig - ingurube plane, to - kubaza pigeon - inuma plant - imbuto pile carefully, to - kurundarunda plant, to - gutera pile together, to - kurunda plant small seeds, to - kubiba

pillage - amahugu plantation - ishyamba pillage, to - gusahura planter - umubibyi pillow - umusego plaster, to - guhoma pillow, to lie on - kwisegura plate - isahane pin - umusomari, umusumari play, to - gukina pincher ants - intozi play an instrument, to - kuvuza, gucuranga pineapple - inanasi play cow game (igisoro), to - kubuguza pipe (water) - umuheha playground - ikibuga (tobacco) - inkono y'itabi plead, to - kuburana (at court) pit - umwobo plead with, to - kwinginga pity - impuhwe please, to - kunezeza, kunezereza Page 103 plu-pri

plunder, to - gusahura pour, to - gusuka

pocket - umufuka, umupfuka poverty - ubukene, umukeno (strong word), ubutindi poet - umusizi powder - ifu poison - uburozi power - imbaraga, ububasha, ubushobozi poke fun at, to - gucyocyora power, to have - kubasha police agent - umuporisi practice - umugenzo polish, to - guhanagura practice, to - kwitoza politeness - ikinyabupfura, ubupfura praise (n.) - ishimwe political party - ishyaka praise, to - gushima, guhimbaza, gusingiza, ponder, to - kuzirikana kurata pool - ikizenga, icyuzi pray, to - gusenga, gusaba, kwambaza Imana poor, to be - gukena prayer - isengesho, ishengesho poor man (person) - umukene preach, to - kubwiriza poorly - nabi precede, to - kubanziriza, gutanga possess, to - gutunga possess a person, to - guhanga umuntu precursor - amendeze possessed by, to be - guhangwaho pregnancy - inda possessions - ubutunzi pregnant, to be - gutwita possession - ubwatsi, isambu, umutungo (money) - jmari prepare, to - gutegura prepare for, to - guteganya possessor of - nyira prepare plans (projects), to - gutegura imishinga possible, to be - gushoboka it's possible that... - ubanza present (gift) - impano post (mail) - iposita pretend to love, to - gukunda urumamo pot (clay cooking) - inkono pretty - -iza (mwiza, beza, etc.) (cooking) - isafuriya (small clay) - urwabya prevent, to - kubuza, gukoma (water pot) - ikibindi prey, bird of - igisiga potato, sweet - ikijumba price - ikiguzi, igiciro potato, white - ikirayi pride - ubwibone, ubwirasi pri-pur Page 104

priest - umutambyi (in Bible), prophesy, to - guhanura umusohoza-bitambo, umupadiri (Catholic) prophet - umuhanuzi prince - igikomangoma prosperity - ishya n'ihirwe principal (important) - imena protect, to - gukuyakuya, gukoma, kurinda print, to - gucapa proud, to be - kwirata, kwibona printed, to have - gucapisha proverb - umugani prior to - mbere provocation - amakimbirane priority - uburenganzira Psalm - Zaburi prison - umunyororo, inzu y'imbohe public - rubanda prisoner - imbohe, umuyororo, imfungwa publicly - ku mugaragaro, mu ruhame problem - ingorane publish, to - kwamamaza, kogeza, kuranga procrastinate, to - kwirengagiza pull, to - gukurura produce abundantly, to - kurumbuka pull out (as stakes in ground), to ­ gushingura professor - umwarimu, umwigisha pull out by roots, to - kurandura pull out of fire (water), to - kurohora profit (increase) - inyungu (benefit) - akamaro pumpkin - igihaza, umwungu profit, to - kunguka, gucuruza punctuation mark - akadomo progress - amajyambere punish, to - guhana progress, to hinder - kudindiza punishment - igihano prohibit, to - kubuza pupil - umwigishwa, umunyeshuri project - umugambi, umushinga, imishinga pupil of eye - imboni promise - isezerano pure, to be - kwera promise, to - gusezerana pure, to make - kuboneza, kweza proof - intangamugabo, gihamya purify oneself, to - kwiboneza, kwiyeza, kwisukura prop up, to - gushyigikira purity of heart - (u)kwezwa property - isambu, ubukebe property father gives to son when he purple - umuhengeri (rarely used) marries - umunani property, personal - umwihariko purpose - impamvu, intego, ubugenere Page 105 pur-rea purpose, to have for (aim) - -gamije (no quiet, to make - guturisha, guhendahenda inf.) purse - umufuka, umupfuko R pus - amashyira rabbit - urukwavu push, to - gusunika, kubyiga race (people) - ishyanga push away, to - guhirika push for, to - gutsura rack - igitanda push someone, to - kwiroha rain - imvura push to end of endurance, to - kurembya rain, to (fine) - gutonyanga put, to - gushyira it's raining - imvura iragwa put away, to - kubika make sound of approaching rain, to ­ put clothes on, to - kwambika guhorera put down, to - kurambika put down load, to - gutura rainbow - umukororombya put in order, to - kuringaniza put out fire, to - kuzimya rainy season - umuhindo (Sept. - Nov.) put out in sun, to - kwanika itumba (Feb. - May) put roof on, to - gusakara put together, to - kubumbira, raise animals, to - korora (Fr. elevage) kubangikanya raise eyes (head), to - kurarama, kubura puzzled, to be - gushoberwa, guhera mu rungabangabo raise from dead, to - kuzura raise voice, to - kurangurura

Q ransom - incungu, inshungu quality - umuco ransom, to - gucungura quantity - ubwinshi rape, to - gukinda quarrel - amahane, intonganyi rat - imbeba quarrel, to - gutongana rather (but rather) - ahubwo quarter (of year) Le. trimester - igihembwe (rather than) - aho question - ikibazo raw - -bisi (bibisi, etc.) question, to - kwiburanya reach, to - kugeza question, to ask - kubaza reach certain point of time, to - kugera quickly - vuba, bwangu, n'ingoga read, to - gusoma quiet, to be - gutuza, guhora, guceceka ready, to be - kuba witeguye rea-ren Page 106 really - by'ukuri, impamo refugee - impunzi rear a child, to - kurera refuse, to - guhakana, kwanga reason - impamvu, igituma regain sight, to - guhumuka reason about, to - kwiburanya region - ikirere, intara rebel - umugome reign - ingoma rebel (openly), to - kugoma reinforce, to - gusongora, gushimangira rebellion - ubugome rejoice, to - kwishima (over what you've seen) - kwishima rebuke, to - gucyaha, gutonganya, kwiyama (over what you're told) - kunezerwa recall, to - kwibuka rejoice, to cause to - kwizihiza receive, to - kwakira, kubona related, to be - -fitana (no inf.) isano, (something as gift) - kuronka gupfana recently - vuba, vub'aha relationship - umushyikirano recently, to have done - guheruka relationship with, to have - gushyikirana na e.g. sindaheruka kukubona - I haven't seen you recently. relative - urnuvandimwe, mwene wacu, wanyu, wabo reclaim, to - kwaka relax, to - guhwema recompense - ingororano release, to - kurekura recompense, to - kugororera, kwitura relinquish gradually, to - gutezuka reconcile, to - kunga rely on, to - kwiringira record (phonograph) - idiski, isahane y'ifono remain, to - kuguma, guhama record, to - kwandika remain behind, to - gusigara recount to, to - gutekerereza remember, to - kwibuka red, to be - gutukura remind, to - kwibutsa redeem, to - gucungura remind often of one's faults, to - gucyurira redeemer - umucunguzi umuntu reed (swamp of reeds) - urubingo remove from cross (or from pegs), to ­ kubambura reflect light, to - kurabagirana renew, to - kuvugurura refrain from, to - kureka Page 107 ren-ric

rent - ihoro respect, to - kubaha

rent, to receive - guhoza respect, to not - kubahuka

repair, to - kuvugurura responsibility - umurimo, inshingano, umwitwarariko repay, to - kwishyura repay good, to - kwitura ineza rest, to - kuruhuka, guhwema repay evil, to - kwitura inabi restitution, to make - kwishyura repeat, to - kongera, gusubira restore sight, to - guhumura repeatedly - hato na hato result - ingaruka repent, to - kwihana resume, to give - guhina repercussion - ingaruka resurrect, to - kuzuka (int.), kuzura (tr.) replace, to - gusimbura . replace temporarily, to - guhagaranra resurrection - kuzuka, izuka, umuzuko return, to - kugaruka (where speaker is), replacement, temporary - agateganyo gusubira (where speaker is not) reply, to - gusubiza return from, to - gukuka return from wandering, to - kubunguka, report, to give - gutanga raporo guhabuka return good to, to - kwitura umuntu ineza reports, false - impuha return something, to - gusubiza represent, to - guhagararira reveal, to - guhishura representative - umuvugizi reveal publicly, to - gusambura reprimand, to - gucyaha revenge, desire for - inzika reproach - amakemwa reverence, to - kubaha reproach, to - kuziza revile, to - gutuka rescind (vote), to - gushingura revive, to - kuvugurura rescue, to - gukiza reward, to - kugororera, kwitura resemblance - isano rhythm -gahunda resemble, to - gusa, kumera nka rice - umuceri resist, to - kwangirira rich, to be - gutunga, gukira resound, to make - kuvuza rich person - umukire respect - icyubahiro esp. in cattle - umutunzi ric-run Page 108

esp. in produce - umukungu robe - ikanzu riches - ubukire rock - ibuye esp. in cattle - ubutunzi large rock - urutare (also, rocky place) esp. in produce - ubukungu roll, to - gutembagaza (tr.) ride, to - kugendera ku roll along, to - kubirindura roll up, to - kuzinga ridicule, to - kurengurana, gushinyagura roof, to put on - gusakara right, on the - iburyo roof, to take off - gusambura all right - nuko right away - ubungubu, nonaha room (in house) - icyumba right now - ubu nyine private room for guest - mu mbere right side - uburyo rooster - isake right, to be - gutungana root - umuzi righteous, to be - gukiranuka rope - umugozi righteous person - umukiranutsi rot, to - kubora rights - uburenganzira round-a bout-way - inzira y'uruboko ring - impeta rout, to - kuganza rinse, to - kunyuguza row - umurongo, umusitari riot - imvururu row (boat), to - kuvugama, kugashya rip, to - gushishimura (tr.) royal - icyami ripe, to be - gushya rub, to - guhanagura, gUSlg a ripen, to - kwera, guhlsha rub hard (as to polish), to - gutsirita rise (from lying position), to - kubyuka rubber - umupira rise (sun), to - kurasa, kuva rug - umusambi ritual - umuhango ruin, to fall into (as house) - kuriduka, river - uruzi gusenyagurana road - umuhanda rule - itegeko roast (in fire), to - kotsa rule, to - gutegeka, gutwara robber - umwambuzi rumors - impuha robbing by force - amahugu run, to - kwiruka run after, to - kwirukana Page'09 rur-sco

run fast, to (esp. to avoid being beaten) ­ satisfactory - neza, -iza (mwiza, etc.) kuyabangira ingata run very fast, to - kwirukanka satisfied, to be - guhaga, kwishima satisfy, to - guhaza, gukungahaza rural - icyaro Saturday - ku wa gatandatu rush upon, to - kwiroha sauciness - amahane rust - ingese save, to - gukiza rusty, to become - kuzana ingese save (as money), to - kuzigama save from being wiped out (as family name), to - gucikura S save (from danger, death), to - kurokora sack - igunira, umufuka, umupfuka, isaho, save from danger, to try to - kurengera uruhago (small woven) saved, to be - gukizwa, kurokoka sacrifice - igitambo saved ones - abarokore sacrifice, to - gutamba, kwigomwa saves, thing that - amakiriro sad, to be - kubabara, kugira ishavu savior - umukiza sad, to appear - kwijima sad, to make - gushengura, gushavuza saw - umusumeno, umusomeno, urukero sadness - umubabaro, ishavu say, to - kuvuga saying - -ti (ati, bati, etc.) safe and sound - -taraga (adj.) scar - inkovu sake of, for - kubwa scar from cut - indasago salary - igihembo, imihemberwe, umushahara scatter, to - gusandara (int.)(things) saliva - amacandwe gusandaza (tr.) salt - umunyu scattered (people, animals), to be - gutatana salvation - agakiza schedule - ingengabihe salvation, source of - amakiriro school - ishuri same - kimwe, hamwe, etc. para-primary - ishuri ry'ingoboka primary - ishuri ribanza sand - umucanga, umusenyi secondary - ishuri ryisumbuye university - ishuri rikuru sandal - inkweto scold, to - guhana, guhanura, gutonganya, sandals, to wear - gukweta gucyaha (quietly), gukankamira (loudly) sandals, to take off - gukwetura scorn, to - kugaya, kunegura, guhinyura sco-set Page 110 scorpion - indyanishamurizo kugenzereza scrape, scratch soil, to - guharura seems that..., it - ubanza scratch, to - gushima seer - umuhanuzi scratch oneself, to - kwishima seize, to - gufata, gusumira scribe - umwanditsi seize property of another, to - guhuguza scrub (brush) - igihuru seized with terror, to be - gukangarana scrutinize, to - gusuzuma self - ubwa (use reflexive) sea - inyanja self-love - kwikunda search, to - gushaka search diligently, to - gushakashaka self-respect - ubwiyubahe season, dry (long, June-Sept.) - icy; self-surrender - kwitanga (short, Dec.-Jan.) - urugaryi selfish, to be - kWikanyiza season, beginning of dry - impeshyi sell, to - kugurisha season, rainy (Sept. - Nov.) - umuhindo (March - May) - itumba send, to - kohereza, gutuma send away, to - guheza seat - icyicaro send back (as cows), to - gucyura send wife away publicly, to - gusenda second - uwa kabiri, icya kabiri, etc. senior - -kuru (mukuru, bakuru, etc.) second a motion, to - gusongera, gushyigikira sentence (gram.) - inshinga, interuro secret - ibanga secret (strong word) - ubwiru separate, to - gutandukana (int.), gutandukanya (tr.), gusobanura (tr.) secretary - umwanditsi September - Nzeri, ukwezi kwa cyenda section (of people, as for work assignment) ­ icyiciro, igika seriously, to not take - guteta see, to - kureba, kubona, kuruzi servant - umugaragu (male), umuja (female) see something briefly, to - guca iryera see suddenly, to - kurabukwa serve, to - gukorera, guhakwa serve meal to guests, to - kuzimana seed - imbuto session (as of conference) - icyiciro seeing that - ubwo set (sun), to - kurenga seek, to - gushaka set aside, to - kurobanura seek after (as goa!), to - kurangamira set eyes on, to - kurabukwa seek chance to "get" somebody, to - set fire to, to - gutwika Page ", sev-s ho

set a time, to - kugena igihe sheet - ishuka set (trap), to - gutega shell, to - gutonora, guhungura seven - -rindwi, ndwi (with 3rd & 6th c1.) shelter, temporary - ingando seventy - mirongwirindwi shelter from rain - ubwugamo

sever, to - guca shelter, to seek - kugama

several - -mwe (bamwe, bimwe, etc.) shepherd - umwungeri

severity - umwaga shepherd, to - kuragira

sew, to - kudoda shield, to - gukingiriza

sex (male, female) - igitsina cy'abantu shine, to - kwaka, kumurika, kubengerana (sun) - kuva shade - igicucu (reflected light) - kurabagirana shadow - igicucu shipwreck - uburohame shake, to - gutigisa (tr.), kujegajega (int.) shirt - ishati shake (as earth), to - kunyeganyega (int.) shake (as person), to - guhinda umushitsi shoe - ikirato, inkweto (int.) shake (as rug), to - gukunguta, shoes, to wear (put on) - gukweta gukunkumura (tr.) shoot, to - kurasa shake hands, to - gukora mu ntoki shop - iduka, imangazini shake (object) hard, to - gucugusa, gukuka shop (for food), to - guhaha shake head, to - kuzunguza shore - imusozi, inkombe, umwaro, inkuka shallow - -gufi (kigufi, etc.) short - -gufi (mugufi, kigufi, etc.) shame - isoni short cut - inzira y'ubusamu shape - ishusho short dress (very) - umwenda w'amahenure share, to - gusangira should - -kwiriye, kugomba, kurinda sharp, to be - gutyara shoulder - igitugu sharpen, to - kunagura, gutyaza shout, to - gutaka, gusakuza, gutera (ijwi) shave, to - kogosha hejuru, kurangurura, gusakabaka she - we, a- (as verb prefix) shout of joy - impundu sheep - intama shove, to - guhirika sho-sla Page 112 show, to - kwereka, kugaragaza, kumurikwa sin, to - gucumura, gukora icyaha show oneself, to - kwiyereka since - kuva, ko shrivelled, to be (arm, leg) - kunyunyuka sincerity - ubutariganya shut, to - gukinga, gufunga sing, to - kuririmba sibling - umuvandimwe, mwene nyina (se) singular (gram.) - amamwe, buke sick person - umurwayi sinner - umunyabyaha sick, to be - kurwara sip, to - gusoma care for the sick, to - kurwaza sir - bwana sickle - umuhoro sister - mwene nyina (se) sickness - indwara (of boy) - mushiki (younger, of girl) - murumuna side - uruhande, iruhande (older, of girl) - mukuru on this side - hino on this side of water - hakuno sit, to - kwicara on other side of water - hakurya site, new - ubuvunnyi sieve - akayunguruzo six - -tandatu, esheshatu (3rd & 6th d.) sift, to - gushungura six times - gatandatu sigh, to - gusuhuza umutima sixty - mirongwitandatu sight, to regain - guhumuka skill - ubuhanga, ubukorikori sight, to restore - guhumura skilled, to be - guhuguka sign - ikimenyetso skilled person - umuhanga, impuguke sign language - amarenga, guca amarenga skin - uruhu signal to come, to - kurembuza skin for carrying baby - ingobyi silence - ituza skirt, long - umukenyero silence, to - guturisha, gutwama sky - ikirere, ijuru silent, to be - gutuza, guceceka, kwihorera slander - igitutsi silently - bucece slander, to - gutuka silver - ifeza slap - urushyi similarity - ihuriro, isano slate - urubaho sin - icyaha, igicumuro slave - imbata Page 113 sle-spe

sleep, to - gusinzira place where soil is thin - akar a

sleepiness - igitotsi soldier - umusirikare, umusoda, ingabo

slide, to - guserebeka some - -mwe (bamwe, bimwe, etc.) slide down hill on banana trunk, to ­ some places - hamwe na hamwe gutsuka sometimes - rimwe na rimwe, ubundi

slightly - buhoro son - umwana, umuhungu son of - mwene (pI. bene) slip out (e.g. from pocket), to - gusosoroka

slow, to be - gutinda, gutindaganya song - indirimbo

slowly - buhoro, buhoro-buhoro soon - vuba, bidatinze, vubaha

small - -to, -toya (bato, bitoya, etc.) soot - imbyiro

smash, to - guhondagura sore (as ulcer) - igisebe, igikomere, uruguma (fresh) smear, to - gusigl sore, to be - kubabara smell, to - kumva (tr.) cause to smell good, to - guhumuza sorrow - agahinda smell good or bad, to - guhumura deep sorrow - amajune smell bad, to - kunuka sort out, to - gusobanura smile, to - kumwenyura soul - ubugingo smoke - umwotsi sour, sharp - ikereta snake - inzoka one that bites at both ends ­ sour, to be - kubiha ikirumirahabiri south - mu majyepfo

snare - umutego sow, to - kubiba

sneeze, to - kwitsamura sower - umubibyi

so, so that - kugirango, ngo space - umwanya and so - none isn't it so - si byo? speak, to - kuvuga so-and-so - kanaka, nyiranaka (fem.) speak evil of, to - gusebya speak indistinctly, to - kudedemanga soak in water, to - gutumbika speak plainly, clearly, to - gufobora speak without thinking, to - guhomboka soap - isabune spear - icumu soft, to be - koroha special, to be - kwiharira (for special soil - ubutaka, igitaka spe-sti Page 114

purpose) squash - umwungu

speechless, to be - kudakoma squeeze, to - gukamura

spend the night, to - kurara stale, to be - kugaga spend night away from home, to ­ stammer, to - kugingimira gucumbika spend time, to - kumara stamp - itembura

spill, to - kumena (tr.), kumeneka (int.) stand, to - guhagarara gusesekara (int.) stand up, to - guhaguruka stand up, to cause someone to ­ spirit - umwuka guhagurutsa Holy Spirit - Umwuka Wera, Mwuka Muziranenge star - inyenyeri spirit, ancestral - umuzimu spirit, harmful ancestral - igisigo stare at, to - kurangamira, guhangana amaso

spit - amacandwe start, to - gutangira start with, to - guher a spit, to - gucira amacandwe start by, to - kubanza spit on, to - kuvundereza amacandwe startled, to be - gukanga spoil, to - konona (tr.), kubora (int.) spoil a child, to - gutetesha statistics - barura spoil (as, cooked food), to - kugaga stay, to - kuguma, guhama stay a certain length of time, to - kumara spoiled, to be - kononekara

spoiled child - umutesi stead - ikigwi, icyimbo

spoon - ikiyiko, urupahu steal, to - kwiba

spot - inenge step - intambwe

spread, to - gusaba (int.) step, to - gutambuka spread (as news), to - gukwira (int.), step on, to - gukandagira gukwiza (tr.), kogeza spread everywhere, to - kwamamara steward - umujyanama, umunyabintu (int.), kwamamaza (tr.) stick - igiti spread grass, to - gusasa stick of fire-wood - urukwi spread out, to - kurambika walking stick - inkoni spring (of water) - isoko stick out (as, from pocket), to - gusosoroka spring up (water, blood), to - kududubiza stiff, to make (Le. to stiffen) - kugagaza spy on, to - kugenza, gutata, kugenzura still - (use -racya- tense) Page 115 sti-sub stingy, to be - kwikanyiza stream - umugezi stink, to - kunuka strength - intege, imbaraga stomach - igifu, inda stretch out (arm), to - kurambura stretch out (as lie down), to ­ stone - ibuye kurambarara stretch out (hide), to - kubamba stoop down, to - kunama, kubama stop, to - kureka, kurekeraho (int.), stretch tight, to - kurega (tr.) guhagarara (int.), guhagarika (tr.), stretcher - ingobyi kubuza (tr.), kurorera (int.) stop! - buretse! strife - intambara stop battle (argument), to - guhosha (tr.) stop bleeding, to - gukama (int.) strike, to - gukubita stop boat, to - gutslka (tr.) strike suddenly (unexpectedly), to ­ kugwa gitumo (see I Thess 5:3) stopper (as in bottle) - igipfundikizo string - umugozi store (shop) - iduka, idukuru strive for, to - gUharanira, gutsura store, to - kubika store crops in granary, to - guhunika strong, to be - gukomera strong, to make - gukomeza storm of wind - ishuheri storm on lake - umuhengeri strong man - umunyamaboko, igikwerere story - umugani, igitekerezo stubborn, to be - kudakurwa ku izima, kutava kw izima story (floor) - igorofa stuck (in mud), to get - gusaya stout, to be - kubyibuha student - umwigishwa, umunyeshuri stove - ifura, iziko study, to - kwiga straight, to be - kugororoka, kweguka straight, to make - kugorora study, manner of - imyigire straighten up (erect), to - kweguka stumble, to - gusitara strain (filter), to - kumimina, kuminina stupid person - umuswa strainer - akayunguruzo sturdy, to be - gukomera strange, something - inzaduka stutter, to - kugingimira straw (drinking) - umuheha submerged, to be - kurengerwa stray, to - komongana subtract, to - gukQra suc-sys Page 116 succeed in one part but fail in another, to ­ surpass, to - kurusha, kuruta, gusumba, kwesa umunyana kurenga, kurushaho, kurushiriza, gutambutsa successful, to be - gutsinda surplus, to be a - gusaga, gusaguka suddenly, to appear (happen) - guturumbuka, gitumo, gutunguka, gutungura surprise, to - gutangaza, kugwa gitumo suffer, to - kubabara surround, to - gukikiza, kugota, gutangatanga, suffer severely, to cause to - kubaga, gushungera kurembya survive (a calamity), to - guhonoka suffering, not physical - umubabaro suffering, physical - ububabare suspect, to - gukeka suspicion, to - gukenga suffice, to - gukwira, -hagije it's sufficient - birahagije suspicions - amakenga sugar - isukari sustain, to - gutera inkunga sum paid to witchdoctor - ingemu swallow, to - kumira sum up, to - guhina swamp - igishanga summer - icyi (Le. dry season, actually swamp of reeds - urubingo winter here) swear (sense of oath), to - kurahira sun - izuba sweat (n.) - icyuya sun, to put out in - kwanika sweat, to - kubira icyuya sun, to bring in from - kwanura sweater - umupira Sunday - ku cyumweru sweet potato - ikijumba sunset - ikirengazuba near sunset time - igicamunsi swell, to - kubyimba superbness - ihoho, akataraboneka swim, to - koga supervise, to - kugenga swing (as children play in) - urucundo supplementary - umugereta swing, to - kwicunda support - inkunga, ubwishingizi sword - inkota support, to - gutera inkunga, gushyigikira sycamore tree - umuvumu suppose, to - kugirango, gukeka system - gahunda surface (e.g. of square) - ubuso Page' '7

T teach, to - kwigisha

table - ameza, imeza teacher - umwigisha, umwarimu

taboo, to be - kuzira teaching (lesson) - icyigisho (doctrine) - inyigisho tail - umurizo (manner of teaching) - imyigishirize take, to - kwenda tear, to - gucika (int.), guca (tr.), take, go with, to - kujyana gushanyuka (int.), gushanyura (tr.) take away, to - kuvana, gukura, gukuraho, tear, to (strong word) - gushishimura gutwara (tr. ) take away from, to - kwaka tear (int.), to (long tear due to wear) ­ take bribe, to - kurya ruswa, kwakira gutabuka impongano tear down, to - gusenya take by force, to - kunyaga take clothes off another, to - kwambura tears - amarira, imyisozi take from (certain place), to - kuvana take hold of, to - gufata teaspoon - akayiko, akajyiko take leave of, to - gusezera take self off, to - kwigendera technique (technical knowledge, skill) ­ take to someone, to - gushy] r a impuguke

talk - ikiganiro tell, to - kubwira, kuvuga tell a lie, to - kubeshya talk, to - kuvuga talk against, to - guhinyura temple - urusengero

tall - -re-re (muremure, kirekire, etc.) temporary - agateganyo

tanner - umukannyi tempt, to - gushuka, gushashuka, kugerageza, koshya tardy, to be - gutinda, gukererwa temptations - amoshya, ibigeragezo, ibishuko task - umurimo ten - icumi taste (i.e. to see if it's good), to - gusogongera, kuroreza terrible, that's - ni ishano taste good, to make - guhumuza taste bad, to - kub]ha terrified, to be - gukuka umutima terror - impagarara taunt, to - gucyurira umuntu terror, to be seized with - gukangarana tax - umusoro, ikoro test (n.) - ikizamini tax collector - umukoresha w'ikoro, umusoresha test, to - kugerageza, gusuzuma, kugenzura tea - icyayi testament - isezerano tes-tie Page 118

Old Testament - Isezerano rya Kera thirst - inyota New Testament - Isezerano Rishya thirsty, to be - kugira inyota testify, to - guhamya thirty - mirongwitatu thank, to - gushima this - uyu, iki, etc. thank for gift, to - gukura ubwatsi thank you - (m)urakoze, nuko nuko, thorn - ihwa ndagushimye those - bariya, abo, ba, etc. that - ko, yuko thought - igitekerezo that (demonstrative) - uriya, uwo, wa, thought, to be in deep - kwiyumvira etc. thousand - igihumbi their - -abo (wabo, cyabo, etc.) ten thousand - inzovu one hundred thousand - agahumbi them - bo then - nuko, rero, ubwo thrash around (as sick person), to ­ and then - maze kwigaragura then (remembered) - burya thread - urudodo there - aho, aha threaten, to - kwihangiriza, gukangara, here and there - hamwe na hamwe gukangisha therefore - none, niko, none rero, noneho threatenings - ibikangisho there is - hari three - -tatu, eshatu (3rd & 6th d.) these - aba, iyi, izi, etc. thrice - gatatu they - bo, ba- (as prefix) throat - umuhogo thick - -nini throw, to - gutera thief - umujura, umwambuzi, igisambo throw at, to - guterera throwaway, to - guta, kujugunya thin - -to, -toya (muto, gitoya, etc.) throw behind one's back, to - kwirenza throw down, to - gutura, kwesa thin, to be - guhorota throw into water, to - kuroha (due to illness) - kunyunyuka thumb - igikumwe thing - ikintu thunder - inkuba think, to - gutekereza, kugirango, kuzirikana, gukeka, kwibwira thunder, to - guhinda think about (without speaking), to ­ kwiyumvira Thursday - ku wa kane I think that... - ubanza, ngira ngo, nibwira tie - umushumi Page' '9 tie-tre tie, to - kuboha, gupfundika kwirimbisha tie an animal, to - kuzirika tie neck of sack, to - kuniga tomato - inyanya tie up, to - guhambira tie up boat, to - guts1ka tomb - imva, igituro tomorrow - ejo tick (insect) - ikirondwe day after tomorrow - ejo bundi tile (floor) - isasa tongue - ururimi tile (roof) - itegura tool (metal) - icyuma time - igihe, umwanya as time goes on - uko ibihe biha ibindi tooth - iryinyo at another time - ubundi top (on the top) - hejuru at what time? - gihe ki? long time ago (or future) - kera torment -agashinyaguro on time - kare, ku gihe time off - uruhushya totally - rwose time, to set a - kugena igihe touch, to - gukoraho touch with, to - gukoza times - inshuro how many times? - kangahe? tower - umunara town - umudugudu, ikirorero, umujyi tiny - -nzinya (with 7th cI. only) tiny thing - akadomo trade, to - gucuruza tire - umupira trader - umucuruzi, umuhanjuzi tired, to be - kuruha, kunanirwa tradition - akarande to - ku, mu, i train (child), to - kurera to and fro - hirya no hino trait - ingeso tobacco - itabi trample on, to - kuribata today - none, uyu munsi transmit from one to another, to ­ toe - ino guhererekanya toenail - urwara trap - umutego, rwagakoco (small) together - hamwe, kumwe trap, to set - gutega a get-together - iteraniro traveller - umugenzi together, to come - guterana traverse, to - kumena toilet, to do one's (wash, comb, etc.) - tread on, to - gukandagira tre-und Page'20 treasury - imari Tuesday - ku wa kabiri treat (medical), to - kuvura turaco - inkorongo take someone to be treated, to - kuvuza treat (behavior), to - kugenza, gufata turn around, to - guhindukira (int.), treat unjustly, to - kurenganya guhindukiza (tr.) treat very badly, to - guhemura turn away one's eyes, to - guhunza amaso treat wounds, to - gukomora turn someone over to authority, to ­ kugabiza treats illness, one who - umuvuzi turn toward, to - kwerekera turn upside down, to - kubika tree - igiti tree, base of - igishitsi twenty - makumyabiri tremble, to - guhinda umushitsi twice - kabiri (as earth) - kunyeganyega twins - impanga trembling - umushitsi, igishitsi twist cords, to - guhotora, kubohekanya trial - urubanza twist forcibly, to - gucumba tribe - ubwoko two - kabiri, -biri tribunal - urukiko type - ubwoko trick, to - kuriganya trickery - uburiganya u triumph, to - kunesha, gutsinda ugly - -bi (mubi, kibi, etc.) trouble, to - kurushya, gutoba ulcer - igisebe trouble, to cause - gutera amahane, gutata umbrella - umutaka troubled, to be - guhagarika umutima, kugwa mu kantu unable to do something, to be - kunanirwa troubles - amakuba, ibyago, amagorwa uncle, paternal - data wacu (wanyu, wabo) uncle, my maternal - marume true - koko unclean, to be - guhumana truly - bwite, by'ukuri, mu by'ukuri unclean, to make - guhumanya trunk of banana tree - umutumba unconscious - intere trust - icyingiro, ibwiringiro under - munsi ya trust, to - kwiringira, kwizera underneath - munsi truth - ukuri understand, to - kumva, gusobanukirwa try, to - kugerageza Page 121 une-voi unexpected help - ingoboka v unexpectedly, to come (happen) - gutungura vacation - uruhushya unfairly, to treat - kurenganya vaccination - urukingo, indasago unfaithful to, to be - guhemuka, guhinyuka vagabond, to be a - kubuyera, kuraruka unfortunate, to be - kugorwa vain, in - ku busa, ubusa, amara masa unite, to - kubumbira, kunga ubumwe valley - akabande (implies previous separation) - kwiyunga valuable - ingenzi unjustly, to treat - kurenganya value - akamaro, igiciro unload, to - gupakurura vegetable - imboga, uruboga unlock, to - gukingura verb - inshinga unripe - -bisi, -toto verse - umurongo unsatisfactorily - nabi very - cyane unstop, to - kuzibura very much - rwose unstopped, to become - kuzibuka very well - henga untie, to - kubohora, gupfundura, gufundura vicinity, in this - ino untie animal (from stake), to - kuzitura village - igiturage, icyaro untied, to be - guhambuka (hill with numerous homes) - umurenge until - kugeza villagers - abaturage (if followed by verb) - kugeza aho vines - umuzabibu unwed mother - ikinyandaro vineyard - uruzabibu uproot, to - kurandura violent, to become - kurubira upside down, to turn - kubika, gucurika, virtue - umuco guhirika visible, to be - kugaragara, kuboneka us - twebwe, twe visible, to make - kugaragaza use - akamaro, umumaro visit, to go to - gusura, gutembera, gusuhuza use, to - gukoresha visit bereaved person, to - kuyaga use up, to - kumara visit with, to - kuganira na use up for nothing, to - gupfusha ubusa visitor - umushyitsi usually - ubusanzwe voice - ijwi voice, loud - ijwi rirenga vol-wea Page 122

volcano - ikirunga wash (clothes), to - kumesa (body, self) - kwiyuhagira vomit, to - kuruka (body, another) - kuhagira (feet) - koga vote to do, to - gushinga (hands) - gukaraba vote (in election), to - gutora (vegetables) - kuronga vote, to take a - gucisha mu majwi (most anything else) - koza vow, to - kurahira waste, to - gupfusha ubusa, kwangiza, vulture - inkongoro gukerensa,gutagaguza

watch (clock) - isaha

w watch, to - kuba maso, kurinda wage - igihembo, umushashara watchman - umunyezamu, umuraririzi wail, to - kuganya, kuboroga water - amazi wait, to - gutegereza, guhagarara water, to bring - kuvoma wait! - buretse water, to dip in (as finger) - kwibiza wait for, to - kurindira, gutegereza water pot - ikibindi waken, to - gukangura (tr.), gukanguka (int.) waves - umuraba walk, to - kugenda way - inzira, uburyo walk, to go for a - gutembera, round-about-way - inzira y'uruboko kugendagenda short-cut way - inzira y'ubusamu way over there - hariya, -iriya walking stick - inkoni

wall - igisika we - twebwe, twe (interior) -urusika we alone - twenyine (exterior) - ikibambazi weak, to be - kugira intege nke wander about, to - kuzerera, kubuyera, weaken, to - gucogoza komongana find the way after wandering about, to ­ weakness - intege nke guhabuka wander about without hope of finding the wealth - ubutunzi, ubukire, ubukungu way, to - guhaba wealthy person - umutunzi, umukire want, to - gushaka weapons - intwaro warm oneself by fire, to - kota wear, to - kwambara warn, to - guhanura, guhugura, kwihangiriza, wear ornaments, to - kurimba gukangara, kwiyama, kuburira wear out, to - gushira (int.) wear sandals (shoes), to - gukweta Page'23 wea-wil

weary, to become - guhwema, kunanirwa, where - he?, hehe?, aho kuruha whereas - naho weave, to - kuboha whether - yuko, ari wedding - ubukwe which - -he? (ikihe?, uwuhe?, etc.) wedding guest (groom's relative) ­ umusangwa whip (leather, rubber) - umukoba

Wednesday - ku wa gatatu whip, to - gukubita (eggs, milk, etc.) -kuvuruga weed, to - kubagara whistle (n.) - urushyungute weeds - ibyatsi bibi whistle, to - gushyunguta week - icyumweru last week - icyumweru gishize white - -era (cyera, etc.), igitare, umwere next week - icyumweru gitaha white, exceedingly - -era de week days - iminsi y'imibyizi white person - umuzungu

weep, to - kurira white, to be very - kwererana white, to make - kweza weigh, to - gupima, kugera

weighed down, to be - gushengurwa whiteness, dazzling - urwererane

welcome, to - kwakira who? - nde? (bande?, pI.)

well (n.) - iriba whole - -ose (bose, cyose, etc.), -zima

well, to get - gukira wholeness - ubuzima

well-being - imibereho why? - ko, kuki?, n'iki gituma? that's why - ni icyo gituma, bituma well up (water, blood), to - kududubiza wicked, to be - gukiranirwa wet - -bisi wide - -gari (hagari. etc.) what - -ki, iki? what it is - icy'ari cyo widow - umupfakazi what is more - byongeye kandi widow(er), to become a - gupfakara wheat - ingano width - ubwaguke, ubugari wheel - ikigata wife - umugore, muka when - ubwo, igihe wild animal - inyamaswa when? - ryari?, gihe ki? wilderness - ubutayu whenever - uko, iyo wi I-wri Page 124

will (e.g. of God) - ubugenere, ubushake woo, to .. kureshya

willing, to be - kwemera wood - inkwi (for fire)

wilt, to - kuraba word - ijambo word, final - umwanzuro win, to - gutsinda words, idle; just talk - uburondogozi wind - umuyaga work - akazi, umurimo window - idirisha work, to - gukora windstorm - ishuheri working, manner of - imikorere wine - vino workman - umukozi wing - ibaba workman, skilled - umufundi

winnow, to - gushungura workshop (sense of study) - ihuguriro

wire - umukwege world - isi

wisdom - ubwenge worm - inzoka worm, tiny - urunyo witch doctor - umupfumu worried, to be - guhangayika, kubunza witchcraft - uburozi umutima, kwiganyira with - na worries - amaganya withdraw quickly, to ,. kwikubura worry - inkeke withered (arm, leg), to be - kunyunyuka worship, to - gusenga, kuramya Imana withhold, to - kwima worth - igiciro withstand, to - guhangana worthy, to be - -kwiriye witness (male or female) - umugabo witness (words) - ubuhamya wound - uruguma, igikomere wounded, to be - gukomereka witness, to - guhamya, guhamiriza wrap, to - gupfuka, guhambira, gupfunya woman (married) - umugore wrap around oneself, to - kwifubika (old) - umukecuru (young) - umwar i wring out, to - gukamura wring the neck, to - guhotora wonder at, to - gutangara wrinkle (in clothes, paper, face) ­ wonderful, to be - gutangaza umunkanyari something wonderful - igitangaza Page 125 wri-zea write, to - kwandika write poem (story), to - guhimba

y year - umwaka yeast - umusemburo yell (pain, sorrow), to - kuboroga yellow - umuhondo yes - yego, yee yesterday - ejo day before yesterday - ejo bundi yet - nyamara you - wowe, mwebwe, mwe you alone - (s.) wenyine; (pI.) mwenyine young - -to, -toya (muto, bitoya) young lady (unmarried) - inkumi young man (unmarried) - umusore young person - ingaragu young of animal - icyana your - -anyu (pI.) -awe (5.) youth - ubusore, urubyiruko

z zeal - umwete, umuhati, ishyaka, ubwuzu zealous, to be - kugira umwete

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