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La Saviesa I La Cultura

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La Saviesa I La Cultura SAVIES A I CULTURA Francesc J. Hernàndez (Universitat de València) Portada: Alexandre Fragonard: Raison. Grav. Louis-François Mariage (Bibliothèque Nationale de France) Pròleg Je ne compose point, je ne suis point auteur, je lis ou je converse, j’interroge o je réponds. (Denis Diderot: Essai sur les règnes de Claude et de Néron ou Vie de Sénèque le Philosophe, París, 1823, llib. I, p. 3) n la seua primera versió, aquest llibre era un conjunt de temes per a repartir entre E l’estudiantat universitari, alguns dels quals, com ara els que tractaven de música i gastronomia, incorporaven aportacions decisives fetes pel meu fill, Carles Hernàndez. Els temes foren sotmesos a una acurada revisió per Guillem Calaforra, del Servei de Política Lingüística de la Universitat de València. Hi ha una versió digital en Internet, amb 12 capítols, que porta com a títol Llulltube. Aproximació sociològica a la cultura1. La segona versió del text, ampliada, fou publicada per l’editorial Reproexpress l’any 2012, amb el títol La saviesa i la cultura. Novament el text fou revisat i ampliat, per la qual cosa vaig decidir partir-lo en dos volums. El primer, De la saviesa a la cultura, fou novament editat per Reproexpress el 2013; el segon, De la ciència a la creativitat, fou repartit en policòpia. A l’estiu del 2015 vaig refer el text, agrupant en un volum el dos precedents, eliminant algunes parts i afegint-ne de noves fins arribar a l’emblemàtica xifra dels 40 capítols agrupats en 7 parts. En el curs 2015-16 vaig incorporar nous capítols i torní a publicar-lo com La saviesa. Al curs següent vaig amplair novament el contingut i li he donat el títol Saviesa i cultura, que manté en aquesta nova versió. Alguns capítols són argumentatius, però altres tenen més bé l’estructura d’un mosaic de textos, que permeten diverses lectures. Aquesta forma està exigida generalment per l’assumpte que es considera. Això passa al capítol 36é, 37é, 38é i 41é. En altres capítols també s’incorporen llargs fragments com a lectures. Si no s’indica, la traducció és de l’autor. El títol d’aquesta darrera versió és Saviesa i cultura. La pretensió d’aquest llibre no és original. El primer llibre dels compilats com Metafísica fou escrit per Aristòtil amb aquesta mateixa pretensió; el mateix podríem dir de la Introducció a la saviesa de Vives, la Fenomenologia de l’esperit de Hegel, Parerga i Paralipomena de Schopenhauer, Dialèctica negativa d’Adorno o L’arqueologia del saber de Foucault. Nihil novum sub sole. 1 http://www.spluv.es/images/stories/PDFS/03HDobonLlulltube.pdf Francesc J. Hernàndez: Saviesa i cultura [3] Taula Pròleg ................................................................................................................................ 3 Primera part. El descobriment de la saviesa i els seus modes .......................................... 6 Capítol 1r. Nosaltres, els ngorongorians ....................................................................... 7 Capítol 2n. El descobriment de la saviesa .................................................................. 12 Capítol 3r. La saviesa i la virtut .................................................................................. 19 Capítol 4t. La lògica de la saviesa .............................................................................. 22 Capítol 5é. L’autoreferència ....................................................................................... 26 Capítol 6é. Animals metalingüístics ........................................................................... 32 Capítol 7é. Imperturbabilitat, plaer i indiferència ...................................................... 38 Segona part. El desenvolupament de la saviesa ............................................................. 42 Capítol 8é. La regla i l’algebra ................................................................................... 42 Capítol 9é. Els arguments i Déu ................................................................................. 46 Capítol 10é. Saviesa i puresa ...................................................................................... 49 Capítol 11é. La puresa i la nostra literatura ................................................................ 55 Capítol 12é. L’artefacte de la saviesa ......................................................................... 58 Capítol 13é. Els deixebles de l’artefacte .................................................................... 64 Capítol 14é. L’ordinador total..................................................................................... 69 Tercera part. La cultura i la ciència ................................................................................ 73 Capítol 15é. Embridar el poder .................................................................................. 73 Capítol 16é. Les disciplines de la saviesa .................................................................. 79 Capítol 17é. Censurant Aristòtil, superant la saviesa antiga ...................................... 84 Capítol 18é. El mètode del saber ................................................................................ 88 Capítol 19é. La cultura i la virtut ................................................................................ 91 Quarta part. La saviesa i la revolució ............................................................................. 98 Capítol 20é. Defensar la societat ................................................................................ 98 Capítol 21é. El metre i l’entropia ............................................................................. 104 Capítol 22é. La raó pura ........................................................................................... 107 Francesc J. Hernàndez: Saviesa i cultura [4] Capítol 23é. La saviesa absoluta ............................................................................... 112 Capítol 24é. La revolució futura ............................................................................... 127 Cinquena part. La saviesa i les cultures ........................................................................ 135 Capitol 25é. Les cultures .......................................................................................... 135 Capitol 26é. Kakània ................................................................................................ 140 Capítol 27é. La Sumpèctica ...................................................................................... 141 Capítol 28é. Cultura clàssica i cultura nacional ....................................................... 144 Capitol 29é. L’hegemonia cultural ........................................................................... 157 Capítol 30é. Masses i despersonalització ................................................................. 161 Sisena part. Saviesa i barbàrie ...................................................................................... 167 Capítol 31é. Les masses com a ornament ................................................................. 167 Capítol 32é. El mètode i els colors de la utopia ....................................................... 171 Capítol 33é. La utopia perduda ................................................................................ 177 Capítol 34é. La indústria cultural ............................................................................. 182 Capítol 35é. De Auschwitz... .................................................................................... 189 Capítol 36é. ... a Buchenwald. El holocaust com a cultura ...................................... 194 Setena part. Saviesa i temps present ............................................................................. 204 Capítol 37é. Cultura lliure i cultura captiva ............................................................. 204 Capítol 38é. Capital i reproducció culturals ............................................................. 208 Capítol 39é. Cultura popular i cultura cosmopolita .................................................. 214 Capítol 40é. La cultura contemporània..................................................................... 225 Capítol 41é. Contracultura ........................................................................................ 233 Epíleg ........................................................................................................................ 242 Francesc J. Hernàndez: Saviesa i cultura [5] Primera part. El descobriment de la saviesa i els seus modes osaltres, els éssers humans, som els únics éssers a l’univers que es consideren a N ells mateixos savis. Què vol dir això? Tots els éssers vius i moltes màquines poden captar informacions de l’entorn. Alguns éssers vius i algunes màquines poden processar o encadenar aquestes informacions a fi de donar algunes respostes originals, altrament dit, formar coneixements. Però només nosaltres, els humans, disposem d’uns coneixements que ens converteixen, com veurem, en éssers únics, o millor: en éssers tan singulars com els déus, si és que existeixen. La saviesa és el coneixement que ens fa divins. Als set primers capítols d’aquest llibre es relata el descobriment de la saviesa i els seus tres modes bàsics. Es donen explicacions sobre per què n’hi ha precisament aquests tres modes. Es repassen també els intents de negar o invertir els modes de la saviesa. Aquests capítols inicials abasten un gran període de temps: des dels primers homínids fins l’Edat Antiga europea. Generalment narren episodis que esdevingueren a la conca
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