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The Glories of Ireland by Edited by Joseph Dunn and P.J. Lennox The Glories of Ireland by Edited by Joseph Dunn and P.J. Lennox Produced by GF Untermeyer, Brendan Lane, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. THE GLORIES OF IRELAND EDITED BY JOSEPH DUNN, Ph.D., AND P.J. LENNOX. Litt.D., PROFESSORS AT THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA 1914 page 1 / 498 TO THE IRISH RACE IN EVERY LAND _Ireland_: "All thy life has been a symbol; we can only read a part: God will flood thee yet with sunshine for the woes that drench thy heart." JOHN BOYLE O'REILLY. PREFACE We had at first intended that this should be a book without a preface, and indeed it needs none, for it speaks in no uncertain tones for itself; but on reconsideration we decided that it would be more seemly to give a short explanation of our aim, our motives, and our methods. As a result of innumerable inquiries which have come to us during our experience as educators, we have been forced to the conclusion that the performances of the Irish race in many fields of endeavor are entirely unknown to most people, and that even to the elect they are not nearly so well known as they deserve to be. Hence there came to page 2 / 498 us the thought of placing on record, in an accessible, comprehensive, and permanent form, an outline of the whole range of Irish achievement during the last two thousand years. In undertaking this task we had a twofold motive. In the first place, we wished to give to people of Irish birth or descent substantial reason for that pride of race which we know is in them, by placing in their hands an authoritative and unassailable array of facts as telling as any nation in the world can show. Our second motive was that henceforward he who seeks to ignore or belittle the part taken by men and women of Irish birth or blood in promoting the spread of religion, civilization, education, culture, and freedom should sin, not in ignorance, but against the light, and that from a thousand quarters at once champions armed with the panoply of knowledge should be able to spring to his confutation. To carry out in a satisfactory manner over a field so immense our lawfully ambitious aim was, as we realized at the outset, not possible to any two men who are primarily engaged, as we are, in other work of an exacting nature. Therefore, to render feasible the execution of our undertaking, we decided to invite the collaboration of many scholars and specialists, each of whom could, out of the fullness of information, speak with authority on some particular phase of the general subject. We are glad to say that the eminent writers to whom we addressed ourselves answered with promptitude and alacrity to our call, and have supplied us with such a body of material as to enable us to bring out a book that is absolutely page 3 / 498 unique. From each contributor we asked nothing but a plain verifiable statement of facts, and that, we think, is exactly what they have given us, for, while we do not make ourselves personally responsible for everything set down in the following pages, we believe that what stands written therein bears every mark of careful research and of absolute reliability. Although on many of our subjects little more remains to be said than what appears in the text, yet the treatment on the whole does not claim to be exhaustive, and therefore each writer has, at our request, appended to his contribution a short and carefully selected bibliography, so that those who are interested may have a guide for further reading. For our part, we consider these lists of works of reference to be a highly useful feature. It is a glorious thing for us, who are proud, one of us of his Irish descent and the other of his Irish birth, to think that the sons and daughters of mother Erin have so conspicuously distinguished themselves in such varied spheres of activity in every age and in so many lands, and that we were privileged to make public the record of their achievements in a form never before attempted. We have other works in contemplation, and some actually in preparation, which will go far to strengthen the claims put forward page 4 / 498 in this book. In the meantime, we trust that the reception accorded to it will be such as to encourage us to persevere in making still better known the Glories of Ireland. JOSEPH DUNN P.J. LENNOX _Catholic University of America_, _Washington, D.C._ November, 1914 CONTENTS THE ROMANCE OF IRISH HISTORY Sir Roger Casement, C.M.G. THE ISLAND OF SAINTS AND SCHOLARS Very Rev. Canon D'Alton, M.R.I.A., LL.D. IRISH MONKS IN EUROPE Rev. Columba Edmonds, O.S.B. THE IRISH AND THE SEA page 5 / 498 William H. Babcock, LL.B. IRISH LOVE OF LEARNING Rev. P.S. Dinneen, M.A., R.U.I. IRISH MEN OF SCIENCE Sir Bertram C.A. Windle, Sc.D., M.D. LAW IN IRELAND Laurence Ginnell, B.L., M.P. IRISH MUSIC W.H. Grattan Flood, Mus.D. IRISH METAL WORK Diarmid Coffey IRISH MANUSCRIPTS Louis Ely O'Carroll, B.A., B.L. THE RUINS OF IRELAND Francis J. Bigger, M.R.I.A. MODERN IRISH ART page 6 / 498 D.J. O'Donoghue IRELAND AT PLAY Thomas E. Healy THE FIGHTING RACE Joseph I.C. Clarke THE SORROWS OF IRELAND John Jerome Rooney, A.M., LL.D. IRISH LEADERS Shane Leslie IRISH HEROINES Alice Milligan IRISH NATIONALITY Lord Ashbourne FAMOUS IRISH SOCIETIES John O'Dea THE IRISH IN THE UNITED STATES page 7 / 498 Michael J. O'Brien THE IRISH IN CANADA James J. Walsh, M.D. THE IRISH IN SOUTH AMERICA Marion Mulhall THE IRISH IN AUSTRALASIA Brother Leo, F.S.C., M.A. THE IRISH IN SOUTH AFRICA A. Hilliard Atteridge THE IRISH LANGUAGE AND LETTERS Douglas Hyde, LL.D. NATIVE IRISH POETRY Georges Dottin IRISH HEROIC SAGAS Eleanor Hull IRISH PRECURSORS OF DANTE page 8 / 498 Sidney Gunn, M.A. IRISH INFLUENCE ON ENGLISH LITERATURE Edmund C. Quiggin, M.A. IRISH FOLK LORE Alfred Perceval Graves IRISH WIT AND HUMOR Charles L. Graves THE IRISH THEATRE Joseph Holloway IRISH JOURNALISTS Michael MacDonagh THE IRISH LITERARY REVIVAL Horatio S. Krans, Ph.D. IRISH WRITERS OF ENGLISH P.J. Lennox, B.A., Litt. D. THE GLORIES OF IRELAND page 9 / 498 THE ROMANCE OF IRISH HISTORY By SIR ROGER CASEMENT, C.M.G. The history of Ireland remains to be written, for the purpose of Irishmen remains yet to be achieved. The struggle for national realization, begun so many centuries ago, is not ended; and if the long story offers a so frequent record of failure, it offers a continuous appeal to the highest motives and a constant exhibition of a most pathetic patriotism linked with the sternest courage. Irish wars, throughout all time, have been only against one enemy, the invader, and, ending so often in material disaster, they have conferred always a moral gain. Their memory uplifts the Irish heart; for no nation, no people, can reproach Ireland with having wronged them. When, at the dawn of the Christian era, we first hear of Ireland from external sources, we learn of it as an island harboring free men, whose indomitable love of freedom was hateful to the spirit of imperial exploitation. page 10 / 498 Agricola's advice to the empire-builders of his day was that Rome should "war down and take possession of Ireland, so that freedom might be put out of sight." It was to meet this challenge of despotism that the Scotic clans of Alba turned to their motherland for help, and the sea was "white with the hurrying oars" of the men of Erin speeding to the call of their Highland kinsmen, threatened with imperial servitude. The first external record we possess thus makes it clear that when the early Irish went forth to carry war abroad, it was not to impose their yoke on other peoples, or to found an empire, but to battle against the Empire of the World in the threatened cause they held so dear at home. In this early Roman reference to Ireland we get the keynote to all later Irish history--a warring down on the one hand, so that freedom might be put out of sight; an eternal resistance, on the other, so that it might be upheld. It was this struggle that Ireland sought to maintain against every form of attack, down through Danish, Norman, Tudor, Stuart, and Cromwellian assault, to the larger imperialism of the nineteenth century, when, as Thierry, the historian of the Norman Conquest, tells us, it still remained the one "lost cause" of history that page 11 / 498 refused to admit defeat. "This indomitable persistency, this faculty of preserving through centuries of misery the remembrance of lost liberty and of never despairing of a cause always defeated, always fatal to those who dared to defend it, is perhaps the strangest and noblest example ever given by any nation." The resources Ireland opposed to her invaders have been unequal to the founding of a great state, but have preserved a great tradition. The weakness of Ireland lay in the absence of a central organization, a state machine that could mobilize the national resources to defend the national life. That life had to depend for its existence, under the stress of prolonged invasion, on the spontaneous patriotism and courage of individuals.

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