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BOLANOS-QUINONEZ-THESIS.Pdf
Copyright by Katherine Elizabeth Bolaños Quiñónez 2010 The Thesis Committee for Katherine Elizabeth Bolaños Quiñónez Certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Kakua Phonology: First Approach APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Supervisor: Patience Epps Anthony Woodbury Kakua Phonology: First Approach by Katherine Elizabeth Bolaños Quiñónez, B.A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts The University of Texas at Austin December 2010 Acknowledgements This work was only made possible with the support of so many people along this learning process. First, I wish to express my gratitude to the Kakua people in Wacará, for welcoming me into their village. I will like to extend especial thanks to Alicia, Alfredo and their children for offering and accepting me into their house, and for putting up with all the unfair disruptions that my being there meant. I also want to thank Kakua speakers for sharing with me and taking me along into their culture and their language. Special thanks to Marina López and her husband Édgar, to Víctor López, Emilio López, Don Vicente López, Don Aquileo, Laureano, Samuel, Néstor, Andrés, Marcela, Jerson, and Claudia, for helping me through the exploration process of the language, for correcting me and consent to speak and sing to the audio recorder. I also want to thank the Braga-Gómez family in Mitú for their friendship and support, and for their interest and excitement into this project. I wish to thank my advisor Dr. -
Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates. -
Still No Evidence for an Ancient Language Expansion from Africa
Supporting Online Material for Still no evidence for an ancient language expansion from Africa Michael Cysouw, Dan Dediu and Steven Moran email: [email protected] Table of contents 1. Materials and Methods 1.1. Data 1.2. Measuring phoneme inventory size 1.3. Geographic distribution of phoneme inventory size 1.4. Correlation with speaker community size 1.5. Distribution over macroareas 1.6. Global clines of phoneme inventory size 1.7. Global clines of other WALS features 1.8. Searching for an origin: analysis of Atkinson’s BIC-based methodology 1.9. Software packages used 2. Supporting Text 2.1. About the term ‘phonemic diversity’ 2.2. Stability of phoneme inventory size 2.3. About the serial founder effect in human evolution and language 3. Tables 4. References 2 1. Materials and Methods 1.1. Data The linguistic parameter that Atkinson (S1) investigates is the size of the phoneme inventory of a language. Although the acoustic variation of possible linguistic utterances is basically continuous in nature, humans discretely categorize this continuous variation into distinctive groups, called phonemes. This discretization is language-specific, i.e. different languages have their own structure of distinctive groups. Empirically it turns out that some languages have more groups (i.e they divide phonetic space into more fine-grained distinctive phonemes), while other distinguish less phonemic clusters of sounds. To investigate variation in phoneme inventory size, it would have been straightforward for Atkinson to use data on the actual number of phonemic distinctions in different languages. Much of what is known about phoneme inventories is based on the UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database (UPSID; S2). -
Does Lateral Transmission Obscure Inheritance in Hunter-Gatherer Languages?
Does Lateral Transmission Obscure Inheritance in Hunter-Gatherer Languages? Claire Bowern1*, Patience Epps2, Russell Gray3, Jane Hill4, Keith Hunley5, Patrick McConvell6, Jason Zentz1 1 Department of Linguistics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, 2 Department of Linguistics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America, 3 Department of Psychology, University of Auckland. Auckland, New Zealand, 4 School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America, 5 Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America, 6 College of Arts and Social Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Abstract In recent years, linguists have begun to increasingly rely on quantitative phylogenetic approaches to examine language evolution. Some linguists have questioned the suitability of phylogenetic approaches on the grounds that linguistic evolution is largely reticulate due to extensive lateral transmission, or borrowing, among languages. The problem may be particularly pronounced in hunter-gatherer languages, where the conventional wisdom among many linguists is that lexical borrowing rates are so high that tree building approaches cannot provide meaningful insights into evolutionary processes. However, this claim has never been systematically evaluated, in large part because suitable data were unavailable. In addition, little is known about the subsistence, demographic, ecological, and social factors that might mediate variation in rates of borrowing among languages. Here, we evaluate these claims with a large sample of hunter-gatherer languages from three regions around the world. In this study, a list of 204 basic vocabulary items was collected for 122 hunter-gatherer and small-scale cultivator languages from three ecologically diverse case study areas: northern Australia, northwest Amazonia, and California and the Great Basin. -
ANUARIO DEL SEMINARIO DE FILOLOGÍA VASCA «JULIO DE URQUIJO» International Journal of Basque Linguistics and Philology
ANUARIO DEL SEMINARIO DE FILOLOGÍA VASCA «JULIO DE URQUIJO» International Journal of Basque Linguistics and Philology LII: 1-2 (2018) Studia Philologica et Diachronica in honorem Joakin Gorrotxategi Vasconica et Aquitanica Joseba A. Lakarra - Blanca Urgell (arg. / eds.) AASJUSJU 22018018 Gorrotxategi.indbGorrotxategi.indb i 331/10/181/10/18 111:06:151:06:15 How Many Language Families are there in the World? Lyle Campbell University of Hawai‘i Mānoa DOI: https://doi.org/10.1387/asju.20195 Abstract The question of how many language families there are in the world is addressed here. The reasons for why it has been so difficult to answer this question are explored. The ans- wer arrived at here is 406 independent language families (including language isolates); however, this number is relative, and factors that prevent us from arriving at a definitive number for the world’s language families are discussed. A full list of the generally accepted language families is presented, which eliminates from consideration unclassified (unclas- sifiable) languages, pidgin and creole languages, sign languages, languages of undeciphe- red writing systems, among other things. A number of theoretical and methodological is- sues fundamental to historical linguistics are discussed that have impacted interpretations both of how language families are established and of particular languages families, both of which have implications for the ultimate number of language families. Keywords: language family, family tree, unclassified language, uncontacted groups, lan- guage isolate, undeciphered script, language surrogate. 1. Introduction How many language families are there in the world? Surprisingly, most linguists do not know. Estimates range from one (according to supporters of Proto-World) to as many as about 500. -
Linguistic and Cultural Diversity in Cyberspace
Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation Federal Agency for Press and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation Government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO Russian Committee of the UNESCO Information for All Programme Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University Interregional Library Cooperation Centre Linguistic and Cultural Diversity in Cyberspace Proceedings of the 3nd International Conference (Yakutsk, Russian Federation, 30 June – 3 July 2014) Moscow 2015 Financial support for this publication is provided by the Government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Government of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Ugra Compilers: Evgeny Kuzmin, Anastasia Parshakova, Daria Ignatova Translators: Tatiana Butkova and Elena Malyavskaya English text edited by Anastasia Parshakova Editorial board: Evgeny Kuzmin, Sergey Bakeykin, Tatiana Murovana, Anastasia Parshakova, Nadezhda Zaikova Linguistic and Cultural Diversity in Cyberspace. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference (Yakutsk, Russian Federation, 30 June – 3 July, 2014). – Moscow: Interregional Library Cooperation Centre, 2015. – 408 p. The book includes communications by the participants of the 3rd International Conference on Linguistic and Cultural Diversity in Cyberspace (Yakutsk, Russian Federation, 30 June – 3 July, 2014), where various aspects of topical political, philosophical and technological challenges of preserving multilingualism in the world and developing it in cyberspace were discussed. The authors share national vision and experience of supporting and promoting linguistic and cultural diversity, express their views on the role of education and ICTs in these processes. The authors are responsible for the choice and presentation of facts and for the opinions expressed, which are not necessarily those of the compilers. ISBN 978-5-91515-063-0 © Interregional Library Cooperation Centre, 2015 2 Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................... -
International Conference on Evidentiality and Modality Icem’18
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EVIDENTIALITY AND MODALITY ICEM’18 Madrid 19-22 September 2018 Department of English Studies Facultad de Filología Universidad Complutense de Madrid Organising Committee Marta CARRETERO (Chair) Elena DOMÍNGUEZ ROMERO (Secretary) M. Victoria MARTÍN DE LA ROSA (Treasurer) Jorge ARÚS HITA Yolanda BERDASCO GANCEDO Karlos CID ABASOLO Anita HANEY Laura HIDALGO DOWNING Julia LAVID Carmen MAÍZ ARÉVALO Juana I. MARÍN ARRESE M. Ángeles MARTÍNEZ Alfonso SÁNCHEZ MOYA Sarah SCHLEMMER Juan Rafael ZAMORANO MANSILLA Scientific Committee Karin Aijmer (University of Patrick Dendale Göteborg) (Universiteit Dorota Kotwica Antwerpen) (Universitat de Laura Alba Juez València) (UNED) Ilse Depraetere (Lille III University) Julia Lavid Francisco Alonso (Universidad Almeida Angela Downing Complutense de (Universidad de Las (Universidad Madrid) Palmas de Gran Complutense de Canarias) Madrid) María José López Couso Marta Albelda Laura Filardo-Llamas (Universidad de (Universitat de (Universidad de Santiago de València) Valladolid) Compostela) Marisa Blanco Ad Foolen Lucía Loureiro-Porto (Universidad Rey Juan (Radboud University (Universitat de les Illes Carlos) Nijmegen) Balears) Jill Bowie Gaëtanelle Gilquin Juana I. Marín Arrese (University College (Université Catholique (Universidad London) de Louvain) Complutense de Madrid) Frank Brisard Sonia Gómez-Jordana (University of (Universidad Javier Martín Arista Antwerp) Complutense de (Universidad de La Madrid) Rioja) Piotr Cap (University of Lodz) Montserrat González Elena Martínez Caro -
Raoul Zamponi
DOI: 10.26346/1120-2726-112 First-person n and second-person m in Native America: a fresh look Raoul Zamponi Macerata, Italy <[email protected]> Appendix A: Tables 1-8 Table 1. Reconstructed proto-languages of American language families FAMILY REFERENCE(S) NOTES Algic Proulx (1984, 1985, 1991, 1992, 1994, 2004) Arawakan Matteson (1972), Payne (1991) Arawan Dixon (2004) Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit Leer (2010), Nikolaev (2014) Aymaran Emlen (2017) Cf. Hardman (1978) for the reconstruction of various personal designators of Proto-Aymaran. Barbacoan Curnow & Liddicoat (1998) Boran Seifart & Echeverri (2015) Bororoan Camargos (2013) Caddoan Taylor 1963 Cariban Girard (1971a) Meira (2002) is specifically dedicated to the reconstruction of the Proto- Cariban personal pronouns. Gildea (1998) presents the reconstruction of the Proto- Cariban personal markers used with nouns and verbs. Chapakuran Angenot-de Lima (1997) Chibchan Wheeler (1972), Constenla Umaña (1981), Holt (1986) Chimakuan Powell (1974) Chocoan Constenla Umaña & Margery Peña (1991) Chumashan Klar (1977) Guahiboan Christian & Matteson (1972) Guaicuruan Viegas Barros (2013a) Huavean Suárez (1975) Huitotoan Aschmann (1993) Italian Journal of Linguistics, 29.2 (2017) Online appendix (received March 2017) Raoul Zamponi Iroquoian Julian (2010) Jicaquean Campbell & Otrogge (1980) Kakua-Nukak Epps & Bolaños (2017) Kalapuyan Shipley (1970) Kamakanan Martins (2007) Keresan Miller & Davis (1963) Kiowa-Tanoan Hale (1967), Sutton (2014) Lencan Arguedas Cortés (1988) Maiduan Ultan (1964) Cf. -
A Classification of Papuan Languages
Language & Linguistics in Melanesia Special Issue 2012 Part II ISSN: 0023-1959 Journal of the Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea ISSN: 0023-1959 Special Issue 2012 Harald Hammarström & Wilco van den Heuvel (eds.) History, contact and classification of Papuan languages Part Two Language & Linguistics in Melanesia Special Issue 2012 Part II ISSN: 0023-1959 A classification of Papuan languages Søren Wichmann Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper provides a basic classification of 737 Papuan doculects pertaining to 513 different ISO 639-3 codes, in addition to 9 doculects that have not been assigned ISO 639-3 codes. Ethnologue (Lewis 2009) catalogues 848 non-Austronesian languages of New Guinea. Thus, this paper covers 60% of these languages. The point of the paper is to provide a solid benchmark for the classification of languages in a region which is clearly the most poorly understood in the world. The classification combines two different proposals, one of which is the classification by Harald Hammarström (2010), augmented by personal correspondence (2012), and the other is a classification based on methods of the Automated Similarity Judgment Program (ASJP). The former represents a conservative sifting of published evidence for language family affiliations and the latter provides an automated classification based on similarity among 40 lexical items selected for maximal stability. An ASJP tree annotated for Hammarström’s families allows for identifying cases where the latter apparently fail to be coherent and should therefore possibly be broken up into smaller units, as well as cases where families should possibly be merged. -
A Relaxed-Admixture Model of Language Contact
A relaxed-admixture model of language contact Will Chang and Lev Michael University of California, Berkeley Under conditions of language contact, a language may gain features from its neighbors that it is unlikely to have gotten endogenously. We describe a method for evaluating pairs of languages for potential contact by comparing a null hypothesis in which a target language obtained all its features by inheritance, with an alternative hypothesis in which the target language obtained its features via inheritance and via contact with a proposed donor language. Under the alternative hypothesis the donor may influence the target to gain features, but not to lose features. When applied to a database of phonological characters in South American languages, this method proves useful for detecting the effects of relatively mild and recent contact, and for highlighting several potential linguistic areas in South America. Keywords: probabilistic generative model; language contact; linguistic areality; Up- per Xingú; South America; phonological inventory. 1. Introduction Tukano pʰ p b tʰ t d kʰ k ɡ ʔ Tariana pʰ p b tʰ t d dʰ tʃ kʰ k Arawak 4 38 17 8 42 14 0 30 4 41 10 16 Tukano s h w j ɾ Tariana m mʰ n nʰ ɲ ɲʰ s h w wʰ j ɾ l Arawak 41 0 42 0 24 0 33 37 31 0 39 36 14 Tukano i ĩ eẽ aã oõuũ ɨ ɨ̃ Tariana i ĩ iː e ẽ eː a ã aː o õ u ũ uː ɨ Arawak 42 7 22 38 7 20 42 7 22 28 5 26 5 10 13 4 Table 1: The phonemes of Tukano and Tariana; how often each occurs in 42 Arawak languages, not including Tariana. -
Perspectives: an Open Invitation to Cultural Anthropology
PERSPECTIVES: AN OPEN INTRODUCTION TO CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY SECOND EDITION Nina Brown, Thomas McIlwraith, Laura Tubelle de González 2020 American Anthropological Association 2300 Clarendon Blvd, Suite 1301 Arlington, VA 22201 ISBN Print: 978-1-931303-67-5 ISBN Digital: 978-1-931303-66-8 http://perspectives.americananthro.org/ This book is a project of the Society for Anthropology in Community Colleges (SACC) http://sacc.americananthro.org/ and our parent organization, the American Anthropological Association (AAA). Please refer to the website for a complete table of contents and more information about the book. Perspectives: An Open Introduction to Cultural Anthropology, 2nd Edition by Nina Brown, Thomas McIlwraith, Laura Tubelle de González is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Under this CC BY-NC 4.0 copyright license you are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material Under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. CONTENTS Preface xi WHY THIS BOOK? xi ABOUT THE SOCIETY FOR ANTHROPOLOGY IN COMMUNITY COLLEGES xii WHY OPEN ACCESS? xiii THE COVER DESIGN xiii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiii I. Part 1 1. Introduction to Anthropology 3 WHAT IS ANTHROPOLOGY? 5 WHAT IS CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY? 5 WHAT IS CULTURE? 6 A BRIEF HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL THINKING 7 THE (OTHER) SUBFIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY 10 ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES 14 WHY IS ANTHROPOLOGY IMPORTANT? 17 GLOSSARY 25 ABOUT THE AUTHORS 26 BIBLIOGRAPHY 27 2. -
Perspectives: an Open Invitation to Cultural Anthropology Edited by Nina Brown, Laura Tubelle De González, and Thomas Mcilwraith
Perspectives: An Open Invitation to Cultural Anthropology Edited by Nina Brown, Laura Tubelle de González, and Thomas McIlwraith 2017 American Anthropological Association American Anthropological Association 2300 Clarendon Blvd, Suite 1301 Arlington, VA 22201 ISBN: 978-1-931303-55-2 http://www.perspectivesanthro.org This book is a project of the Society for Anthropology in Community Colleges (SACC) http://sacc.americananthro.org/ and our parent organization, the American Anthropological Association (AAA). Please refer to the website for a complete table of contents and more information about the book. Preface to Perspectives: An Open Invitation to Cultural Anthropology Welcome to Perspectives and open access anthropology! We are delighted to bring to you this novel textbook, a collection of chapters on the essential topics in cultural anthropology. Different from other introductory textbooks, this book is an edited vol- ume with each chapter written by a different author. Each author has written from their experiences working as an anthropologist and that personal touch makes for an accessible introduction to cultural anthropology. Our approach to cultural anthropology is holistic. We see the interconnectedness of cultural prac- tices and, in all of the chapters, we emphasize the comparison of cultures and the ways of life of different peoples. We start with Laura Nader’s observation that cultural differences need not be seen as a problem. In our complicated world of increasing migration, nationalism, and climate challenges, cultural diversity might actually be the source of conflict resolution and new approaches to ensuring a healthier world. Indeed, as Katie Nelson reminds us, anthropology exposes the familiarity in the ideas and practices of others that seem bizarre.