36 www.maska.psc.uj.edu.pl 4/2017 ISSN: 1898-5947 magazyn antropologiczno-społeczno-kulturowy magazyn 001101 :) ;p K B 36 migration - nomadism - life in motion 36/2017 Migration – Nomadism – Life in motion Cracow 2017 „Maska” vol. 36 Chief editor: Cracow 2017 Katarzyna Kleczkowska ISSN: 1898-5947 Editorial staff: Print: 100 copies Marta Błaszkowska Free copy Tomasz P. Bocheński Agnieszka Kiejziewicz “Maska” is a peer reviewed academic journal. Anna Kuchta According to requirements of MNiSW (Ministry Agnieszka Lakner of Science and Higher Education) a full annual Joanna Malita-Król list of article reviewers is available on the Maciej Kuster following webpage: www.maska.psc.uj.edu.pl/ Gabriela Matusiak maska/listy-recenzentow Wawrzyniec Miścicki All texts and illustrations (unless stated Elżbieta Musialik otherwise) are published in open access mode, Filip Nowak according to Copyright Law for non-commercial Piotr Wajda purposes (under Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0 Magdalena Wąsowicz obligations). Kama Wodyńska Adam Woźniak Full texts and summaries of published works are Agnieszka Wójcik available on-line in the international database “The Central European Journal of Social Sciences Proof-readers: and Humanities” (cejsh.icm.edu.pl). Agnieszka Kiejziewicz Magdalena Stonawska Editorial office: ul. Grodzka 52 Composition: II piętro, s. 102 Izabela Pisarek 31-044 Kraków Karol Ossowski [email protected] www.maska.psc.uj.edu.pl Cover: Paweł Kalina This project was financed by: Print: AT Wydawnictwo tel. 504 799 323 www.atwydawnictwo.pl Table of contents Introduction 5 Leszek Sosnowski 7 Objects and ideas. Japan and Europe in the nineteenth century Adam Lovasz 21 Immobility and Impersonality: Phenomenology of the Comatose Body Weronika Kostecka 33 Once Upon a Time There Was a War: The Use of Fairy-tale Conventions in Contemporary Polish Literature for Children about Refugees Anna Kuchta 51 The Journey of Memory. Migration, Postmemory and Family Relations in Mikołaj Grynberg’s Oskarżam Auschwitz. Opowieści rodzinne [I Blame Auschwitz. Family Tales] Wawrzyniec Miścicki 67 “The journey and the night were interminable.” The paradigm of life in motion in Leopold Buczkowski’s Black Torrent Magdalena Piech 83 Building post-colonial identity. The metaphor of the nation in Salman Rushdie’s The Moor’s Last Sigh Sebastian Jakub Konefał 95 Tradition and history in Icelandic musical documentaries Agnieszka Kiejziewicz 111 From France to Japan. Migration of the surrealist ideas and its influence on Japanese avant-garde film Piotr Wajda 123 Sex and the city. Around the topic of migration from rural to urban areas in early Nordic melodramas and sexploitation films 3 Agnieszka Kiejziewicz, Piotr Wajda 137 Beyond Caligula. The reflection on adding pornographic scenes to nonpornographic films in post-production Filip Jankowski 153 Reflection on Postmodern Nomadism in French Science Fiction Games (1987–1992) Jan Bazyli Klakla, Paulina Szydłowska 165 The Possible Application of the Relative Acculturation Extended Model in Selected Fields of Social Sciences Katarzyna Kleczkowska 183 Reincarnation in Empedocles of Akragas Katarzyna Kleczkowska 199 Animals and vegetarian diet in Empedocles of Akragas Joanna Katarzyna Puchalska 213 The journey of the Japanese sword Dorota Bojkowska 227 Maya Mythical Journey Through the Underworld: a Special Group of Funeral Pottery and Its Meaning Introduction Dear Readers, With a great pleasure we would like to present the thirty-sixth volume of MASKA. It is the fourth volume of our periodical with all texts written in English. We are very pleased that the idea of one exclusively English-language issue a year has appealed to both our Authors and Readers. We would like to ensure you that this idea will be continued in the following years. The presented volume concerns the topic of migration, nomadism and life in mo- tion. Although the phenomenon of migration appears in the earliest historical sourc- es, nowadays it became especially important since the European refugee crisis in 2015. However, it cannot be forgotten that migration is not only a significant historical and political issue, but also an extremely interesting cultural, psychological and social phenomenon. The experience of being a migrant is now one of the reappearing topics in modern literature, art and film. On the other hand, the Nomadic people are still among the main interests of the modern anthropologists. The first text presented in this volume focuses on the problem of migration of objects and ideas between Europe and Japan in the nineteenth century. The next ar- ticle concerns the topic of the comatose body from philosophical perspective. From the subsequent we can learn how the problem of refugees is shown in contemporary Polish literature for children. Next two articles focus on the Holocaust in literature – the first one in the novel by Mikołaj GrynbergOskarżam Auschwitz. Opowieści rodzinne [I Blame Auschwitz. Family Tales], and the second – in Leopold Bucz- kowski’s Black Torrent. After the article about the post-colonial identity in Salman Rushdie’s The Moor’s Last Sigh, there appears the piece considering Icelandic musical documentaries. Next three articles focus on cinematography – the first one concerns surrealist ideas in Japanese avant-garde film, the second - Nordic melodramas and sexploitation films, and the third one - pornographic scenes in cult films. We will also investigate the problem of postmodern nomadism in French science fiction games, as well as the question of possible application of the relative acculturation extended model in social sciences. Furthermore, the following articles are about the transmi- gration of souls and vegetarianism in Empedocles of Akragas, as well as the history of the travel of the Japanese sword. The last article introduces the world of Mayan 5 mythology, especially the depictions of the journey to the underworld presented on the funeral pottery. We hope you will find this volume interesting and pleasant to read. MASKA’s Editorial Staff Leszek Sosnowski Objects and ideas. Japan and Europe in the nineteenth century Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University Opening a closed Japan Starting in the middle of the nineteenth century, great quantities of cultural goods began to flow from Japan to Europe. At the same time, exhibitions were organized and books and magazines published with the aim of making this culture comprehen- sible to the Europeans. Japan became fashionable in Europe, and the fashion quickly developed into a fascination with this country. As a result, this period in Europe is known as the era of Japan and its culture, as expressed by Japonisme and Japonism, the new French and English terms coined for this occasion. These new terms basically referred to art or, in the broader sense, to artistic culture1. It is possible to speak about two aspects of their meaning. On the one hand there were the internal qualities and artistic and aesthetic values of Japanese art and craftsman- ship which were new to the inhabitants of Europe; on the other there was the cultural openness of those who perceived these values, appreciated them, and became fascinat- ed with this new sensitivity. Japanese art, in the form of screens, fans, porcelain, and weapons, strongly influenced European artists, critics, and collectors. Among these items printed or painted ukiyo-e attained extraordinary popularity and significance. Japanese culture was presented in many ways, through various cultural events that captured the imagination of Europeans, including exhibitions, fairs, and international expositions, and shops and galleries of a local character. These were enthusiastically discussed, described, and reviewed, highlighting the novelty and originality of this 1 Even if its political aspect was equally significant. See Shimamoto, Mayako; Ito, Koji; Sugita, Yoney- uki et. al. Historical Dictionary of Japanese Foreign Policy. London: Littlefield Publishers, 2015, p. 81. 7 LESZEK SOSNOWSKI culture. These events deeply influenced the public imagination, creating an exotic cli- mate but also accustoming the public to the new phenomenon. All of these factors in combination influenced the creation of a new artistic and aesthetic taste in Europe of this period, contributing to changes in the reciprocal relationships between countries and nations. Regarding phenomena with roots in Japanese sensitivity, it suffices to mention post-impressionism, the Arts and Crafts Movement, and, in a somewhat longer perspective, Art Nouveau or Cubism. Undoubtedly one can speak here of a transcultural phenomenon on a scale which surpassed later manifestations. In nineteenth-century European-Japanese relations everything was new and “first.” The 1860s saw the first World Fair in London (1862), prepared by Rutherford Alcock, the first English diplomat in Japan, a lover and collector of Japanese art. The first Japanese mission in Europe, led by Takenouchi Yasunori, also visited the Fair. The Japanese part of the exhibition proved to be one of the most important in Eu- ropean culture due to the presentation of Japanese art2. This success was perpetuated. Five years later another World Fair (1867) was held in Paris, where Japan presented a broad spectrum of its art at its exhibition pavilion. One of the most important cultural events of this time was the establishment of the Japanese Native Village in Knightsbridge near London in 1885‒87. About a hundred Japanese, both men and women, lived in a village that served as a model of traditional Japanese