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Social Interaction Conditions for Cultural Sustainable Research Report Received January 13, 2020; Accepted July 6, 2020 Creating inclusive environments, New Jersey: John Journal of Environmental Psychology, 20(2), 177-191, Wiley & Sons, 3, 276, 2012 2000 [22] Fogg, B. J., A behavior model for persuasive design. [34] Schmitz, S., Gender-related strategies in PERSUASIVE 2009: The Fourth International environmental development: Effects of anxiety on SOCIAL INTERACTION CONDITIONS FOR CULTURAL Conference on Persuasive Technology (2009) wayfinding in and representation of a SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF HAKKA OLD BLOCK [23] Rahimi, F. B., A model for sociocultural interactions three-dimensional maze, Journal of Environmental Based on Two Community Organizations in Dongshi District, Taichung City, Taiwan in museums. Museum Management and Curatorship, Psychology, 17(3), 215-228, 1997 29 (2), 174–187, 2014 [35] Kato, Y., and Takeuchi, Y., Individual differences in [24] Rahimi, F. B., Levy, R. M., et al., Human behaviour wayfinding strategies, Journal of Environmental * Ying-Hsun CHEN, Ming-Chyuan HO ** and cognition of spatial experience; a model for Psychology, 23(2), 171-188, 2003 enhancing the quality of spatial experiences in the [36] Hund, A. M., and Minarik, J. L. Getting from here to built environment. International Journal of Industrial there: Spatial anxiety, wayfinding strategies, direction * Doctoral Student, Graduate School of Design, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology No.123 University Road, Section 3, Ergonomics, 68, 245–255, 2018 type, and wayfinding efficiency, Spatial Cognition and Douliou City, Yunlin County 64002, Taiwan, R.O.C. [25] Zomer, L.-B., Schneider F. et al., Determinants of Computation, 6(3), 179-201, 2006 ** Professor, Department & Graduate School of Industrial Design National Yunlin University of Science and Technology No.123 urban wayfinding styles, Travel Behaviour and University Road, Section 3, Douliou City, Yunlin County 64002, Taiwan, R.O.C. Society, 17, 72-85, 201 [26] Kirasic, K.C., Age differences in adults' spatial Abstract: Based on the investigation of two community organizations, a craft association and a folk abilities, learning environmental layout, and society, which are located on two nearby old Hakka streets in Dongshi District of Taichung City, with wayfinding behavior. Spatial Cognition and document analysis and in-depth interviews, the paper analyzes social interaction conditions for cultural Computation 2, 117–134, 2000 sustainable development of the Hakka Old Block. By the induction of the phenomenon, we can [27] Taillade, M., N'Kaoua, B., et al., Age-Related understand the intention of members of community organizations to participate in the community Differences and Cognitive Correlates of revitalization so as to know the impact of the vision on the success or failure of a social design project as Self-Reported and Direct Navigation Performance: one of the forms of social responsibility. The Effect of Real and Virtual Test Conditions Keywords: community revitalization, Hakka culture, social design, social interaction, sustainability Manipulation. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 2034, 2016 . [28] Taillade, M., Sauzéon, H., et al., Age-related 1. Introduction revitalization policy promoted by the Japanese Government wayfinding differences in real large-scale 1.1. Background Shinzo Abe, Prime Minister of the Japanese government, environments: detrimental motor control effects The population growth of advanced countries around put forward the proposal of "local revitalization" and shot during spatial learning are mediated by executive the world is slowing down rapidly. Japan reached its the "three arrows" simultaneously to use information, talent decline?, PloS one, 8(7), e67193, 2013 population peak about 2010, and it has declined every year and financial support to promote local spontaneous thinking [29] Shimomura, K. and Ashizawa, S. et al., Effects of since then. It is estimated that Taiwan will be 10 years later and create job opportunities in towns and villages in order color and illuminance level on the legibility of colored than Japan and reach zero population growth in 2022. to activate the local economy. letters for older people, Color Science Association of Hence, Japan is an important leading indicator that deserves The Executive Yuan of Taiwan Government has Japan, 36(1), 15-26, 2015 Taiwan’s reference. designated 2019 as “the first year of regional revitalization”. [30] Knutson, B. J., and Beck, J. A., et al., Identifying the Local Extinctions: Population concentration in Tokyo The “National Strategy for regional revitalization” dimensions of the experience construct, Journal of causing sharp population decline was one of the approved by the Executive Yuan has planned to shoot “five Hospital Leisure Market. 15 (3), 31–47, 2007 best-selling books in 2014 written by Hiroya Masuda, arrows”. The first of which is “the hometown of enterprise [31] Zheng, D. X., and Li, C. X., et al., Effects of Chinese former Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications of investment”, which aims to reinforce the lack of industrial Characteristics on Reading Performance, Journal of the Japanese Government. It is a detailed report of aspects of the community and encourage enterprises to base Far East University, 21(1), 37-46, 2004 (in Chinese) population changes that used the latest official statistics on their passion for hometown, fulfill corporate social [32] Colucciaa, E., Iosueb, G. et al., The relationship from the National Institution of Population and Social responsibility, engage in local occupations, and promote the between map drawing and spatial orientation abilities: Security Research to show that 896 cities, towns and rise of local industries. The township office is set as the unit A study of gender differences, Journal of villages throughout Japan were facing extinction by 2040 for forming and implementing regional revitalization Environmental Psychology, 27, 135-144, 2007 [1]. This book aroused the sense of crisis of the Japanese projects from the bottom up. Within the township, the [33] Prestopnik, J. L., and Roskos-Ewoldsen, B., The people across the country, attracted their attention to the township office provides top-down policy guidance. relations among wayfinding strategy use, sense of issues such as declining birthrates, border settlements, and As pointed out by Yong-Zhan Li in 2019, what should direction, sex, familiarity and wayfinding ability, local economies, and paved the way for the follow-up local be introspected are: First, do Taiwan's 368 township offices Journal of the Science of Design Vol. xx No. x 20xx 1 Journal of the Science of Design Vol. xx No. x 20xx 8 Journal of the Science of Design Vol. 4 No. 2 2020 75 have the ability to take charge of the crucial responsibility two characteristics of the Hakka people in Taichung City, for promoting regional revitalization? Township offices not Taiwan: First, it is the main settlement area of Taiwan only perform trivial and numerous official duties; they are Hakka people from Dapu County, Guangdong Province. often understaffed. Second, even worse, in order to bid for Second, the main distribution districts of Hakka in Taichung the regional revitalization projects scheduled by the City are currently in Dongshi, Shigang and Xinshe. township offices, the bidders often duplicate the frame According to a survey by the Hakka Affairs Committee provided by the township offices or plagiarize the so-called of the Executive Yuan on the distribution of Hakka people successful cases, so that the written proposal pretended to in Taichung City in 2016, the districts with the largest be based on the focal points of the revitalization, and in fact proportion of Hakka people in Taichung City are Dongshi, completely ignores the cultural and historical characteristics Shigang and Xinshe. The Hakkas in these three districts of the community and the spatial texture. Consequently, account for 13%, 11% and 9% of the total Hakka almost all projects that receive government subsidies are population of Taichung respectively [5]. unlikely to spawn any responsible company. [2] With the prosperity of the Dapu Hakka clan in Taichung, Some mechanisms must be clarified before they can their clan leaders become the local leaders. As a result, The help different stakeholders to form alliances through Dapu accent of Hakka dialect followed by everyone. different industries, put forward a plan of regional Dongshi was developed during the Qing Dynasty, about revitalization and career that suits local needs, and play a 200 years ago. The residents of the old days mainly lived on synergistic effect to achieve the beauty of regional rice cultivation. Residents today prefer to plant fruits. revitalization and rediscover the “sense of place” of The Hakka ethnic group headed by Dapu clans, hometown or new hometown. Regional revitalization is not developed by Shigang, Dongshi and Xinshe in Taichung only a policy promoted by the government, but more City, is larger in scale than any other clan. The Hakka important vigor comes from the autonomy of local people in Taichung realized that their ancestors all had a self-governing groups. We should take advantage of this common immigration experience. Moreover, they faced the bottom-up dynamism, and plan to encourage local same situation after moving to their current residence. industries, universities, associations, and companies to seek Therefore, they all hope to unite local members and to exert local DNA and develop local consensus and vision. [3]
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