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A Study of Selected Taiwanese Pedagogical Solo Piano Music of the Twentieth Century Hsun-Yin Chang

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A Study of Selected Taiwanese Pedagogical Solo Piano Music of the Twentieth Century Hsun-Yin Chang University of Northern Colorado Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC Dissertations Student Research 7-25-2016 A Study of Selected Taiwanese Pedagogical Solo Piano Music of the Twentieth Century Hsun-Yin Chang Follow this and additional works at: http://digscholarship.unco.edu/dissertations Recommended Citation Chang, Hsun-Yin, "A Study of Selected Taiwanese Pedagogical Solo Piano Music of the Twentieth Century" (2016). Dissertations. 364. http://digscholarship.unco.edu/dissertations/364 This Text is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © 2016 HSUN-YIN CHANG ALL RIGHT RESERVED UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN COLORADO Greeley, Colorado The Graduate School A STUDY OF SELECTED TAIWANESE PEDAGOGICAL SOLO PIANO MUSIC OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Arts Hsun-Yin Chang College of Visual and Performing Arts School of Music Instrumental Performance July, 2016 This Dissertation by: Hsun-Yin Chang Entitled: A Study of Selected Taiwanese Pedagogical Solo Piano Music of the Twentieth Century has been approved as meeting the requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Arts in College of Performing and Visual Arts in School of Music, Program of Instrumental Performance Accepted by the Doctoral Committee ______________________________________________________ Dana Landry, M.M., Research Advisor ______________________________________________________ Vergie Amendola, M.M., Co-Research Advisor ______________________________________________________ Robert Ehle, Ph. D., Committee Member ______________________________________________________ Stephen Luttmann, M.A., M.L.S., Faculty Representative Date of Dissertation Defense _________________________________________ Accepted by the Graduate School _________________________________________________________ Linda L. Black, Ed.D. Associate Provost and Dean Graduate School and International Admissions ABSTRACT Chang Hsun-Yin. A Study of Selected Taiwanese Pedagogical Solo Piano Music of the Twentieth Century. Published Doctor of Arts dissertation, University of Northern Colorado, 2016. Sonatinas and folk music are often used for pedagogical purposes because of their short structure and simpler technique. Beginning in the nineteenth century, the Sonatina became one of the prevailing genres in piano music written by a variety classical composers that included Clementi, Kuhlau, and Diabelli. Other classical composers such as Bartók and Kodály developed a strong interest in collecting folk music, which they incorporated into their compositions. Taiwanese composers did likewise; they used the Chinese pentatonic and heptatonic scales and other native Taiwanese and Chinese folk elements, and combined these ideas with western compositional materials to create a unique style. In this study Taiwanese history, culture and music are examined, and the biographical background and compositional styles of six Taiwanese composers born from 1900 to 1950 are reviewed. Selected pedagogical solo piano works of these composers are explored and analyzed in terms of form, style, harmony, melody, and required performance technique. From a pedagogical perspective, the classification of different instructional levels is discussed as well. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1 Purpose of The Study .................................................................................. 1 An Overview of Taiwanese History, Culture, and Music ........................... 3 Dutch-Spanish Occupation (1624-1662) ........................................ 4 Ming Dynasty (1662-1683)............................................................. 5 Qing Dynasty (1683-1895) ............................................................. 5 The Japanese Occupation (1895-1945) ........................................... 7 Chinese Nationalist Period (1945- ) ................................................ 8 Traditional Folk Music ................................................................. 10 II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE .......................................................... 21 The Biographies of Selected Taiwanese Composers ................................ 21 Wen-Ye Jiang (1910-1983) ........................................................... 21 Zhi-Yuan Guo (1921-2013) .......................................................... 24 Tsang-Houei Hsu (1929-2001) ..................................................... 26 Mao-Shuen Chen (1936- ) ............................................................ 28 Shui-Long Ma (1939-2015) .......................................................... 30 Ching-Tan Shen (1940- ) .............................................................. 33 The Musical Environment in Taiwan Since 1900..................................... 34 The Compositional Styles of Selected Taiwanese Composers ................. 39 Wen-Ye Jiang's Compositional Style ........................................... 39 Zhi-Yuan Guo's Compositional Style ........................................... 45 Tsang-Houei Hsu's Compositional Style ...................................... 47 Mao-Shuen Chen's Compositional Style ...................................... 50 Shui-Long Ma's Compositional Style ........................................... 53 Ching-Tan Shen's Compositional Style ........................................ 56 III. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................... 58 Selection Criteria ...................................................................................... 59 Analytical Method .................................................................................... 61 Selected Sonatinas and Folk Tune Piano Music ....................................... 61 iv IV. ANALYSIS OF SELECTED SOLO PIANO WORKS ........................... 63 Sonatinas ................................................................................................... 63 Wen-Ye Jiang: Sonatina, Op. 31, 1940......................................... 63 Wen-Ye Jiang: Sonatina, 1952 ..................................................... 69 Zhi-Yuan Guo: Piano Sonatina ..................................................... 74 Mao-Shuen Chen: Sonatinas, No.1-6, 7, 8, 11, 17, 21.................. 82 Ching-Tan Shen: Sonatina, 1974 ................................................ 108 Folk Music .............................................................................................. 111 Zhi-Yuan Guo: Six Taiwanese Kau Ka Tunes, 1973 ................. 111 Zhi-Yuan Guo: Seven Taiwanese Gua Tunes ............................. 116 Tsang-Houei Hsu: Chinese Folk Tune Solo Piano Pieces for Children, Op. 34. ......................................... 121 Tsang-Houei Hsu: Chinese Folk Tune Solo Piano Pieces for Youth, Op. 35 .............................................. 124 Shui-Long Ma: Piano Pieces on Chinese Folk Tunes for Children and Youth ....................................... 128 V. CONCLUSION ....................................................................................... 134 The Traits of the Selected Taiwanese Solo Piano Pedagogical Pieces ... 134 Recommendation for Piano Teachers ..................................................... 136 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 139 v TABLES Table 1. The requirements of technique in different levels……………………………... 60 Table 2. Selected pedagogical solo piano pieces by selected Taiwanese Composers…... 62 Table 3. The Structure of Wen-Ye Jiang’s Sonatina, Op.31, movement I……………… 64 Table 4. Outline of Wen-Ye Jiang’s Sonatina (1952), movement I…………………….. 70 Table 5. Basic Features of Mao-Shuen Chen’s Published Sonatinas…………………… 84 Table 6. Outline of Zhi-Yuan Guo’s Six Taiwanese Kau Ka Tunes…………………... 112 Table 7. Outline of Zhi-Yuan Guo’s Seven Taiwanese Gua Tunes…………………… 116 Table 8. Overview of Tsang-Houei Hsu’s Chinese Folk Tune Solo Piano Pieces for Children, Op. 34…………………………………………………………………….123 Table 9. Overview of Tsang-Houei Hsu’s Chinese Folk Tune Solo Piano Pieces for Youth, Op. 35……………………………………………………………………….126 Table 10. Shui-Long Ma’s Piano Pieces on Chinese Folk Tunes for Children and Youth…………………………………………………………...……. 131 Table 11. A list of References for Piano Teaching………………………………….…. 138 vi LIST OF MUSICAL EXAMPLES Ex. 1: Chinese modes based on the pentatonic scale......................................................... 13 Ex. 2: Shi-fang-hua-hao, mm. 1-8..................................................................................... 16 Ex. 3: Qi-hui-zan, mm. 1-6................................................................................................ 17 Ex. 4: Liu-zi-da-ming-jie, mm. 1-12.................................................................................. 18 Ex. 5: Yi-mo-yin-zhou, mm. 1-2; 5-6................................................................................. 18 Ex. 6: Excerpt of Yin-yue-zho............................................................................................ 19 Ex. 7: Welcoming the Spirit, mm. 1-32............................................................................. 20
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