White Paper 2007--1
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January 17, 2007 Approved by the 3,024th Meeting of the Executive Yuan White Paper on Science and Technology (2007–2010) Innovative Capabilities and Citizens’ Quality of Life will Reach the Level of a Developed Nation by 2015 National Science Council Republic of China Table of Contents Abstract........................................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1 – Foreword.................................................................................................................1 Chapter 2 – Current State of Science and Technology in Taiwan............................................5 2.1 S&T Development Framework and Policymaking Mechanism .................................5 2.2 Resources and Outputs of Scientific and Technological Development ......................7 I. Expenditure.......................................................................................................................7 II. Workforce......................................................................................................................12 III. Output ..........................................................................................................................16 2.3 Major Scientific and Technological Activities............................................................22 I. Strategic High-Tech Living Industries (Industry Technology Strategy Review Board Meeting, BioTaiwan Committee Meeting) ................................................................................22 II. Early-Stage Reviews of Government S&T Programs...................................................22 III. Academic Research......................................................................................................22 IV. Pursuit of Academic Excellence..................................................................................24 V. National Science and Technology Programs ................................................................25 VI. Industry-University-Research Cooperation .................................................................27 VII. Development of Science Parks...................................................................................31 2.4 Regulatory Environment..............................................................................................32 Chapter 3 – Visions and Strategies for Scientific and Technological Development..............33 3.1 Visions ............................................................................................................................33 I. Academic Excellence Research......................................................................................33 II. Growth of the Innovation Economy..............................................................................33 III. Sustainable High-Quality Living .................................................................................34 3.2 Strategies........................................................................................................................35 I. Strengthening the Formulation of Policies; Refining Controls and Regulations ...........35 i II. Developing the S&T Workforce; Managing the Supply and Demand of Personnel ....36 III. Cultivating Distinguished Fields; Pursuing Academic Excellence..............................37 IV. Encouraging Industry-University Cooperation; Developing Industry Clusters ..........37 V. Nurturing Innovative Enterprises; Fostering Emerging Industries ...............................38 VI. Improving Citizens’ Wellbeing; Raising the Quality of Life ......................................39 VII. Boosting Defense S&T; Promoting Military-Civilian Technology Transfers ...........40 Chapter 4 – Objectives of Government Agencies for Promoting S&T Development.............41 4.1 Objectives of Government Agencies for S&T Development.....................................41 I. Academia Sinica .............................................................................................................41 II. Science and Technology Advisory Group ....................................................................41 III. Ministry of the Interior.................................................................................................41 IV. Ministry of National Defense ......................................................................................42 V. Ministry of Education ...................................................................................................42 VI. Ministry of Justice .......................................................................................................42 VII. Ministry of Economic Affairs ....................................................................................42 VIII. Ministry of Transportation and Communications.....................................................43 IX. Overseas Compatriots Affairs Commission ................................................................43 X. Government Information Office ...................................................................................44 XI. Department of Health...................................................................................................44 XII. Environmental Protection Administration..................................................................44 XIII. National Palace Museum...........................................................................................44 XIV. Atomic Energy Council ............................................................................................44 XV. National Science Council...........................................................................................45 XVI. Research, Development and Evaluation Commission..............................................45 XVII. Council of Agriculture.............................................................................................45 XVIII. Council for Cultural Affairs ...................................................................................45 ii XIX. Council of Labor Affairs...........................................................................................45 XX. Public Construction Commission...............................................................................46 XXI. Council of Indigenous Peoples .................................................................................46 XXII. Council for Hakka Affairs .......................................................................................46 XXIII. National Communications Commission ................................................................46 XXIV. Academia Historica................................................................................................46 4.2 Scientific and Technological Resource Plans of Government Agencies ..................47 Figure and Table Indices I. Figures Figure 2-1 Organizational Framework for S&T Development in the ROC _____________ 6 Figure 2-2 R&D Expenditure as a Percentage of GDP in Various Countries ___________ 8 Figure 2-3 Researchers per 1,000 Employed Persons in Various Countries ___________ 14 II. Tables Table 2-1 Taiwan Central Government S&T Budget, 2000–2006 _____________________ 7 Table 2-2 Taiwan R&D Expenditure by Sector of Performance, 2001–2005 ____________ 8 Table 2-3 Taiwan R&D Expenditure by Source of Funding, 2001–2005 _______________ 9 Table 2-4 Taiwan R&D Expenditure by R&D Type and Performance Sector, 2001–2005 10 Table 2-5 Taiwan Business Enterprises Expenditure on R&D, 2001–2005 ____________ 11 Table 2-6 Taiwan Higher Education Expenditure on R&D, 2001–2005 ______________ 11 Table 2-7 Taiwan Students Enrolled in Higher Education by Field, 2001–2005 ________ 12 Table 2-8 Taiwan Students Graduating from Higher Education, 2001–2005 __________ 13 Table 2-9 Taiwan R&D Personnel, 2001–2005 __________________________________ 14 iii Table 2-10 Taiwan R&D Personnel (by Sector of Performance), 2001–2005 ___________ 15 Table 2-11 Taiwan Researchers by Qualification, 2001–2005 ______________________ 16 Table 2-12 WEF’s Global Competitiveness Rankings _____________________________ 17 Table 2-13 IMD’s World Competitiveness Rankings ______________________________ 17 Table 2-14 Taiwan S&T Development Output, 2001–2005 _________________________ 18 Table 2-15 US Patents Granted (Excluding New Design), 2001–2005 ________________ 19 Table 2-16 Current Impact Index of Various Countries, 2000–2004 _________________ 19 Table 2-17 Networked Readiness Index Rankings ________________________________ 20 Table 2-18 Taiwan Products Ranked Among World’s Top Three, 2005_______________ 21 Table 2-19 NSC Approved Funding for Research Projects _________________________ 23 Table 2-20 Results of the Program for Promoting Academic Excellence of Universities _ 24 Table 2-21 Approved Funding for PPAEU–Phase II Projects ______________________ 25 Table 2-22 Phases, Funding, and Participating Agencies of National S&T Programs ___ 26 Table 2-23 Results of National Science and Technology Programs __________________ 27 Table 2-24 Results of NSC Industry-University Cooperative Research Projects ________ 28 Table 2-25 Results of MOE Industry-Academia Cooperation, 2005 __________________ 29 Table 2-26 Results of MOEA Technology Development Program for Academia, 2005___ 30 Table 2-27 Results of AEC Industry-University-Research Programs, 2003–2005 _______ 30 Table 2-28 R&D Expenditure and Employees at Taiwan’s Science Parks, 2001–2005 ___