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UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS Instituto De Filosofia E Ciências Humanas UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS Instituto De Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Andréa Luciane Rodrigues Mendes SUA BANDEIRA NA ARUANDA ESTÁ DE PÉ. CABOCLOS E ESPÍRITOS TERRITORIAIS CENTRO-AFRICANOS NOS TERREIROS E COMEMORAÇÕES DA INDEPENDÊNCIA (BAHIA, 1824-1937) CAMPINAS 2018 Andréa Luciane Rodrigues Mendes Sua bandeira na Aruanda está de pé. Caboclos e espíritos territoriais centro-africanos nos terreiros e comemorações da Independência (Bahia, 1824-1937) Tese de Doutorado apresentada ao Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, para obtenção do Título de Doutora em História, na área de História Social Orientador: Prof. Dr. Robert Wayne Andrew Slenes Este exemplar corresponde à versão final da tese defendida pela aluna Andréa Luciane Rodrigues Mendes e orientada pelo Prof. Dr. Robert Wayne Andrew Slenes CAMPINAS 2018 Agência(s) de fomento e nº(s) de processo(s): CNPq, 141996/2013-7 ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3902-2835 Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Paulo Roberto de Oliveira - CRB 8/6272 Mendes, Andréa Luciane Rodrigues, 1968- M522s MenSua bandeira na Aruanda está de pé. Caboclos e espíritos territoriais centro-africanos nos terreiros e comemorações da Independência (Bahia, 1824-1937) / Andréa Luciane Rodrigues Mendes. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2018. MenOrientador: Robert Wayne Andrew Slenes. MenTese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Men1. Diáspora africana. 2. Caboclos. 3. Cultos afro-brasileiros. 4. Bahia - História. 5. Brasil - Civilização - Influências africanas. I. Slenes, Robert Wayne Andrew, 1943-. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. III. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em outro idioma: "His flag is standing in Aruanda". Caboclos and Central-African territorial spirits in terreiros and in the Independence festival (Bahia, 1824-1937) Palavras-chave em inglês: African diaspora Caboclos Afro-Brazilian cults Bahia - History Brazil - Civilization - African influences Área de concentração: História Social Titulação: Doutora em História Banca examinadora: Robert Wayne Andrew Slenes [Orientador] Lucilene Reginaldo Gabriela dos Reis Sampaio Ivana Stolze Lima Nielson Rosa Bezerra Data de defesa: 28-09-2018 Programa de Pós-Graduação: História Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS Instituto De Filosofia e Ciências Humanas A Comissão Julgadora dos trabalhos de defesa de Tese de Doutorado, composta pelos Professores Doutores a seguir descritos, em sessão pública realizada em 28/09/2018, considerou a candidata Andréa Luciane Rodrigues Mendes aprovada. Prof. Dr. Robert Wayne Andrew Slenes (Orientador) Profª Dra. Lucilene Reginaldo Profª.Dra. Gabriela dos Reis Sampaio Profª. Dra. Ivana Stolze Lima Prof. Dr. Nielson Rosa Bezerra A Ata de Defesa com as respectivas assinaturas dos membros encontra-se no SIGA/Sistema de Fluxo de Dissertações/Teses e na Secretaria do Programa de Pós- Graduação em História do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Em memória de Tiago de Melo Gomes Mas quem ficou, no pensamento voou Com seu canto que o outro lembrou E quem voou, no pensamento ficou Com a lembrança que o outro cantou1 e Raquel Trindade de Souza Mamãe eu vou pra escola Aprender a ler e a tocar viola...2 1 Milton Nascimento e Fernando Brant, Canção da América 2 Boi–calemba de Pernambuco. Domínio Popular Agradecimentos Tempo, Tembo, Kitembu, Dembwa. É tempo de agradecer. Agradeço ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq pelo financiamento da pesquisa, em um tempo onde o ensino, a pesquisa científica e seus depositários vivem o pior ataque de suas histórias. Sem seu apoio fundamental, essa pesquisa não seria levada a cabo. Agradeço às instituições que insistem (e resistem) bravamente: À Fundação Gregório de Matos: no setor audiovisual, Edimilson, Victório, Antônio (“emprestado” da biblioteca), Vera da Hora. Eles se desdobraram e até ultrapassaram o horário de seus expedientes para “me salvar”. No Arquivo Histórico Municipal, agradeço especialmente à Adriana Pacheco. Agradeço aos funcionários da Biblioteca Pública do Estado da Bahia, do Arquivo Público do Estado da Bahia, e ao Arquivo da Cúria Metropolitana de Salvador-LEV. Agradeço também ao Instituto Geográfico e Histórico da Bahia, especialmente a Antônio Fernando da Costa Pinto (‘Seu’ Fernando, que conhece cada periódico daquela biblioteca!), Lindijane Silva Santos e Simone Reis Santana Sales. Agradeço imensamente pela generosidade e acolhida do professor José Dirson Argolo, e aos funcionários do Studio Argolo – especialmente Marley Serravale, que me deixou ficar um pouco mais perto do caboclo e da cabocla no processo de restauração preventiva. Em Salvador, foram muitas as pessoas que me apoiaram; seria impossível listar aqui todas elas. Mas é preciso que eu agradeça nominalmente à América Cesar, amiga-irmã de tanto tempo, que tem morada garantida e vitalícia no meu coração, e Ricardo Freitas, presente que o senhor das palhas me concedeu: mais um amigo-irmão. À Ana Lucia Kota Deloya, da ACBANTU, que sempre tinha uma água fresca, um café, boa conversa e acolhida nas minhas subidas e descidas no Maciel de Cima. À Itana Stela Carvalho, Mama Mutalele, por sua doçura e sabedoria. Mukuyu, mama! Em Cachoeira – e fora dela também! – meu agradecimento especial para a Maíra Vale, amiga querida que se tornou minha malunga nessa travessia. Agradeço a Adenor Gondim por ceder a maravilhosa fotografia do caboclo no ilê de Mãe Filhinha. Agradeço ao professor José C. Curto e ao Canadian Bureau of International Education - CBIE pela oportunidade única de passar por um período de pesquisa no The Harriet Tubman Institute for Research on the Global Migrations of African Peoples, na Universidade de York. Ao professor Paul Lovejoy, por me instigar a encarar de outras formas a diáspora africana - mesmo que, algumas vezes, isso acontecesse entre um intervalo e outro dos jogos do Maple Leafs. Shiemara Hogarts, Vanessa Oliveira, Isac Choi (agora com Matthew também!) e Nielson Bezerra: vocês tornaram meus dias em Toronto mais amorosos e felizes. Na Unicamp, agradeço ao Cecult, aos funcionários do IFCH, e especialmente ao Daniel Hatamoto, que consegue acalmar qualquer doutorando em ataques de nervos com sua prestatividade e leveza. À Lucilene Reginaldo e ao Omar Ribeiro Thomaz pelas importantes contribuições no exame de qualificação. Um agradecimento especial vai para meu orientador Robert Slenes. Nada que eu diga aqui fará jus à sua generosidade e sensibilidade. Bob, obrigada por todos esses anos em que você me deu lastro. Aos colegas com quem partilhei mais de perto as dores e amores do percurso acadêmico: Ana, Dani Megid, Dayana, Crislayne, Leca, Coca, Gustavo, Edilson, Ivia e Dani Cavalheiro (que chegou mais tarde, mas não por último). À Raquel, amiga de todas as horas, pelas broncas e afofamentos na medida certa entre um e outro – e, claro, tudo regado a café (a gente nunca pensou que um curso de kiswahili pudesse render tanto). À família amada da Casa do Arco Íris, meu esteio, meu porto seguro, meu lar. E, mais uma vez, e sempre, e tanto, à Nengua Dango. Kozandio! À Alice, filhote-urso que eu nem sonhava que o tempo iria me reservar. Ao povo de casa: Jackeline e Joana D’Arc. Elas são as maiores e principais colaboradoras – e vítimas também – dessa tese. Obrigada por me compreenderem, por me apoiarem irrestritamente, e por suportarem minhas ausências, meus “não possos”, meu claustro de escriba. Amo vocês demais da conta. Agradeço a meus pais Daniel e Orides: o começo de tudo. Minhas fortalezas. Como nem todo tempo é de alegria, a fase final de gestação dessa tese foi marcada por perdas dolorosas. O mundo ficou mais triste e carente de duas pessoas fundamentais na minha caminhada: Tiago, o parceiro das madrugadas insones entre livros e papéis, o irmão que me dava broncas, ria das minhas bobagens e me ensinava a ser historiadora. Não direi que partiu cedo demais, pois cada um parte no tempo que é devido: o tempo é sábio. E Raquel, a Kambinda, um pé em Pernambuco e outro pé na África, minha mestra, amiga, meu farol na busca da compreensão sobre a ancestralidade da diáspora, com seus amores e dissabores. Raquel, um baobá de sabedoria. Encantou-se. A eles dedico esse trabalho. Para o ato de caçar, Dembwa precisa cantar Vento que nos perfurar, Dembwa precisa cantar Rio que cicatrizar, Dembwa precisa cantar Pro guerreiro nos guardar, Dembwa é o lugar de guardar (Tiganá Santana, Dembwa - 10 de agosto) Chegou a hora Quem lá no mato mora É que vai agora Se apresentar No chão do terreiro A flecha do Seu Flecheiro Foi que primeiro Zuniu no ar Vi Seu Aimoré Seu Coral, vi Seu Guiné Vi Seu Jaguaré Seu Araranguá Tupaíba eu vi Seu Tupã, vi Seu Tupi Seu Tupiraci Seu Tupinambá Vi Seu Pedra-Preta se anunciar Seu Rompe Mato Seu Sete Flechas Vi Seu Ventania me assoviar Seu Vence Demandas eu vi dançar Benzeu meu patuá Vi Seu Pena-Branca rodopiar Seu Mata Virgem Seu Sete Estrelas Vi Seu Vira-Mundo me abençoar Vi toda a falange do Jurema Dentro do meu gongá Seu Ubirajara Trouxe Seu Jupiara E Seu Tupiara Pra confirmar Linha de Caboclo Diz Seu Arranca Toco Um é irmão do outro Quem vem de lá Com berloque e joia Vi Seu Arariboia Com Seu Jiboia Beirando o mar Com cocar, borduna Chegou Seu Grajaúna Com Baraúna Mandou chamar Vi Seu Pedra Branca se aproximar Seu Folha Verde Seu Serra Negra Seu Sete-Pedreiras eu vi rolar Seu Cachoeirinha ouvi cantar Seu Girassol girar Vi Seu Boiadeiro me cavalgar Seu Treme Terra Seu Tira Teima Seu Ogum das Matas me alumiar Vi toda a nação se manifestar Dentro do meu gongá Xetuá! (Pedro Amorim e Paulo César Pinheiro, Linha de Caboclo) RESUMO Essa tese busca analisar como se articularam noções religiosas, sociais, políticas e identitárias em torno da figura do Caboclo, presente nos cultos afro- brasileiros, e também protagonista da festa “cívico-popular” que comemora a Independência do Brasil na Bahia, onde centro-africanos provavelmente tiveram participação importante na criação e manutenção de seu símbolo.
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