Religion, Nationalism, and Everyday Performance in Congo
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Here Referred to As Class 18A (See Hyman 1980:187)
WS1 Remarks on the nasal classes in Mungbam and Naki Mungbam and Naki are two non-Grassfields Bantoid languages spoken along the northwest frontier of the Grassfields area to the north of the Ring languages. Until recently, they were poorly described, but new data reveals them to show significant nasal noun class patterns, some of which do not appear to have been previously noted for Bantoid. The key patterns are: 1. Like many other languages of their region (see Good et al. 2011), they make productive use of a mysterious diminutive plural prefix with a form like mu-, with associated concords in m, here referred to as Class 18a (see Hyman 1980:187). 2. The five dialects of Mungbam show a level of variation in their nasal classes that one might normally expect of distinct languages. a. Two dialects show no evidence for nasals in Class 6. Two other dialects, Munken and Ngun, show a Class 6 prefix on nouns of form a- but nasal concords. In Munken Class 6, this nasal is n, clearly distinct from an m associated with 6a; in Ngun, both 6 and 6a are associated with m concords. The Abar dialect shows a different pattern, with Class 6 nasal concords in m and nasal prefixes on some Class 6 nouns. b. The Abar, Biya, and Ngun dialects show a Class 18a prefix with form mN-, rather than the more regionally common mu-. This reduction is presumably connected to perseveratory nasalization attested throughout the languages of the region with a diachronic pathway along the lines of mu- > mũ- > mN- perhaps providing a partial example for the development of Bantu Class 9/10. -
Portuguese Language in Angola: Luso-Creoles' Missing Link? John M
Portuguese language in Angola: luso-creoles' missing link? John M. Lipski {presented at annual meeting of the AATSP, San Diego, August 9, 1995} 0. Introduction Portuguese explorers first reached the Congo Basin in the late 15th century, beginning a linguistic and cultural presence that in some regions was to last for 500 years. In other areas of Africa, Portuguese-based creoles rapidly developed, while for several centuries pidginized Portuguese was a major lingua franca for the Atlantic slave trade, and has been implicated in the formation of many Afro- American creoles. The original Portuguese presence in southwestern Africa was confined to limited missionary activity, and to slave trading in coastal depots, but in the late 19th century, Portugal reentered the Congo-Angola region as a colonial power, committed to establishing permanent European settlements in Africa, and to Europeanizing the native African population. In the intervening centuries, Angola and the Portuguese Congo were the source of thousands of slaves sent to the Americas, whose language and culture profoundly influenced Latin American varieties of Portuguese and Spanish. Despite the key position of the Congo-Angola region for Ibero-American linguistic development, little is known of the continuing use of the Portuguese language by Africans in Congo-Angola during most of the five centuries in question. Only in recent years has some attention been directed to the Portuguese language spoken non-natively but extensively in Angola and Mozambique (Gonçalves 1983). In Angola, the urban second-language varieties of Portuguese, especially as spoken in the squatter communities of Luanda, have been referred to as Musseque Portuguese, a name derived from the KiMbundu term used to designate the shantytowns themselves. -
A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The
BECOMING ONE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NATIONAL UNIFICATION IN VIETNAM, YEMEN AND GERMANY A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Conflict Resolution By Min Jung Kim, B.A. Washington, DC May 1, 2009 I owe my most sincere gratitude to my thesis advisor Kevin Doak, Ph.D. for his guidance and support and to Aviel Roshwald, Ph.D. and Tristan Mabry, Ph.D. for detailed and constructive comments. Min Jung Kim ii BECOMING ONE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NATIONAL UNIFICATION IN VIETNAM, YEMEN AND GERMANY Min Jung Kim, B.A. Thesis Advisor: Kevin M. Doak, Ph.D. ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to understand the dynamic processes of modern national unification cases in Vietnam (1976), Yemen (1990) and Germany (1990) in a qualitative manner within the framework of Amitai Etizoni’s political integration theory. There has been little use of this theory in cases of inter-state unification despite its apparent applicability. This study assesses different factors (military force, utilitarian and identitive factors) that influence unification in order to understand which were most supportive of unification and which resulted in a consolidation unification in the early to intermediate stages. In order to answer the above questions, the thesis uses the level of integration as a dependent variable and the various methods of unification as independent variables. The dependent variables are measured as follows: whether unified states were able to protect its territory from potential violence and secessions and to what extent alienation emerged amongst its members. -
The Dynamic Gravity Dataset: Technical Documentation
The Dynamic Gravity Dataset: Technical Documentation Lead Authors:∗ Tamara Gurevich and Peter Herman Contributing Authors: Nabil Abbyad, Meryem Demirkaya, Austin Drenski, Jeffrey Horowitz, and Grace Kenneally Version 1.00 Abstract This document provides technical documentation for the Dynamic Gravity dataset. The Dynamic Gravity dataset provides extensive country and country pair information for a total of 285 countries and territories, annually, between the years 1948 to 2016. This documentation extensively describes the methodology used for the creation of each variable and the information sources they are based on. Additionally, it provides a large collection of summary statistics to aid in the understanding of the resulting Dynamic Gravity dataset. This documentation is the result of ongoing professional research of USITC Staff and is solely meant to represent the opinions and professional research of individual authors. It is not meant to represent in any way the views of the U.S. International Trade Commission or any of its individual Commissioners. It is circulated to promote the active exchange of ideas between USITC Staff and recognized experts outside the USITC, professional devel- opment of Office Staff and increase data transparency by encouraging outside professional critique of staff research. Please address all correspondence to [email protected] or [email protected]. ∗We thank Renato Barreda, Fernando Gracia, Nuhami Mandefro, and Richard Nugent for research assistance in completion of this project. 1 Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Nomenclature . .3 1.2 Variables Included in the Dataset . .3 1.3 Contents of the Documentation . .6 2 Country or Territory and Year Identifiers 6 2.1 Record Identifiers . -
Directors Fortnight Cannes 2000 Winner Best Feature
DIRECTORS WINNER FORTNIGHT BEST FEATURE CANNES PAN-AFRICAN FILM 2000 FESTIVAL L.A. A FILM BY RAOUL PECK A ZEITGEIST FILMS RELEASE JACQUES BIDOU presents A FILM BY RAOUL PECK Patrice Lumumba Eriq Ebouaney Joseph Mobutu Alex Descas Maurice Mpolo Théophile Moussa Sowié Joseph Kasa Vubu Maka Kotto Godefroid Munungo Dieudonné Kabongo Moïse Tshombe Pascal Nzonzi Walter J. Ganshof Van der Meersch André Debaar Joseph Okito Cheik Doukouré Thomas Kanza Oumar Diop Makena Pauline Lumumba Mariam Kaba General Emile Janssens Rudi Delhem Director Raoul Peck Screenplay Raoul Peck Pascal Bonitzer Music Jean-Claude Petit Executive Producer Jacques Bidou Production Manager Patrick Meunier Marianne Dumoulin Director of Photography Bernard Lutic 1st Assistant Director Jacques Cluzard Casting Sylvie Brocheré Artistic Director Denis Renault Art DIrector André Fonsny Costumes Charlotte David Editor Jacques Comets Sound Mixer Jean-Pierre Laforce Filmed in Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Belgium A French/Belgian/Haitian/German co-production, 2000 In French with English subtitles 35mm • Color • Dolby Stereo SRD • 1:1.85 • 3144 meters Running time: 115 mins A ZEITGEIST FILMS RELEASE 247 CENTRE ST • 2ND FL • NEW YORK • NY 10013 www.zeitgeistfilm.com • [email protected] (212) 274-1989 • FAX (212) 274-1644 At the Berlin Conference of 1885, Europe divided up the African continent. The Congo became the personal property of King Leopold II of Belgium. On June 30, 1960, a young self-taught nationalist, Patrice Lumumba, became, at age 36, the first head of government of the new independent state. He would last two months in office. This is a true story. SYNOPSIS LUMUMBA is a gripping political thriller which tells the story of the legendary African leader Patrice Emery Lumumba. -
Congo : Revue Gnrale De La Colonie Belge = Congo : Algemeen
Troisième année. Tome I. Février 1922 N° 2. CONQ Revue générale Algemeen tijdschrift de la Colonie belge van de Belgische Kolonie Directeurs : V. DENYN et Ed. DE JONGHE. SOMMAIRE : B. TANGHE. Vexploration de VUbangi (188 i 1891) . 161 D r J. MAES .... Armes de jet des populations du Congo Belge 181 L. BITTREMIEUX en J.LESTAEGHE . Godsdienstbegrippen bij de JSkundus van 't Leopoldmeer 194 J. P. et F. D . Le Çopal (suite et fin) p. 208 MÉLANGES :. Histoire et Politique coloniale : Le refpect des coutumes indigènes, p.-240. — Le foyer mono- gamique, p. 244. — L'évolution des Races et la Sociologie Coloniale, p. 251. — Les Colonies allemandes et l'Angleterre, p 253. — La rupture des négociations anglo-égyptiennes, p. 256. — Questions économiques : La concentration des intérêts coloniaux belges, 258. ASSOCIATION POUR LE PERFECTIONNEMENT DU MATÉRIEL COLONIAL. Le moteur Ruston à haute comj>ression à démarrage à froid, alimenté à l'huile de palme par il. Isbecque, Industriel, p. 263. — Destruction des eaux résiduaires, Système « Beattie » par M. Serin, ingénieur anglais, p 272. — Des amballages au Congo, p. 276. — Importance actuelle des plantations d'Elaeis au Congo Belge et utilisation des bois durs tropicaux, par M. Lepeae, p. 280. RENSEIGNEMENTS DE L'OFFICE COLONIAL DU MINISTÈRE DES COLONIES : Commerce et industrie : Rapport sur la situation du marché des produits coloniaux, à Anvers, p. 285. — Informations : La réclame commerciale au Congo Belge, p. 299. — Les essences de parfumerie au Congo, p. 301 — Commerce extérieur de la Colonie, - p. 302. — Brevets : p. 308. — Marques de Fabrique ou de Commerce : p. 310. Avis d'adjudications : p. -
Of the United Nations Mission in the DRC / MONUC – MONUSCO
Assessing the of the United Nations Mission in the DRC / MONUC – MONUSCO REPORT 3/2019 Publisher: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs Copyright: © Norwegian Institute of International Affairs 2019 ISBN: 978-82-7002-346-2 Any views expressed in this publication are those of the author. Tey should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs. Te text may not be re-published in part or in full without the permission of NUPI and the authors. Visiting address: C.J. Hambros plass 2d Address: P.O. Box 8159 Dep. NO-0033 Oslo, Norway Internet: effectivepeaceops.net | www.nupi.no E-mail: [email protected] Fax: [+ 47] 22 99 40 50 Tel: [+ 47] 22 99 40 00 Assessing the Efectiveness of the UN Missions in the DRC (MONUC-MONUSCO) Lead Author Dr Alexandra Novosseloff, International Peace Institute (IPI), New York and Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), Oslo Co-authors Dr Adriana Erthal Abdenur, Igarapé Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Prof. Tomas Mandrup, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, and Royal Danish Defence College, Copenhagen Aaron Pangburn, Social Science Research Council (SSRC), New York Data Contributors Ryan Rappa and Paul von Chamier, Center on International Cooperation (CIC), New York University, New York EPON Series Editor Dr Cedric de Coning, NUPI External Reference Group Dr Tatiana Carayannis, SSRC, New York Lisa Sharland, Australian Strategic Policy Institute, Canberra Dr Charles Hunt, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Australia Adam Day, Centre for Policy Research, UN University, New York Cover photo: UN Photo/Sylvain Liechti UN Photo/ Abel Kavanagh Contents Acknowledgements 5 Acronyms 7 Executive Summary 13 Te effectiveness of the UN Missions in the DRC across eight critical dimensions 14 Strategic and Operational Impact of the UN Missions in the DRC 18 Constraints and Challenges of the UN Missions in the DRC 18 Current Dilemmas 19 Introduction 21 Section 1. -
Project for the Supply of Clean Water for the Cederi-Madimba Community Centre
CEDERI – MADIMBA CENTRE DE DEVELOPPEMENT RURAL INTEGRE PROJECT FOR THE SUPPLY OF CLEAN WATER FOR THE CEDERI-MADIMBA COMMUNITY CENTRE Adresse : Madimba/Cité — B.P. 215 Inkisi — Kongo Central / RD Congo Tél : (+243).99 340 46.56 / 82 215 44 58 E-mail : [email protected] / [email protected] Facebook : ONGD CEDERI-MADIMBA 1 INFORMATION ABOUT THE ORGANISATION NAME: Integrated Rural Development Centre (Centre de Développement Rural Intégré) ‘CEDERI-Madimba’ A.S.B.L./O.N.G. ADDRESS: B.P. 215 Inkisi Territoire de Madimba District de la Lukaya Province du Kongo Central République Démocratique du Congo Tél. : +243.99.34.04.656/82 215 44 58/85.28.58.780 Email : [email protected] / [email protected]/ [email protected] Facebook: ONG CEDERI-MADIMBA LEGAL STATUS: Located in Madimba, 100km from Kinshasa, capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo, on National Road N° 1 (Kinshasa-Matadi), the Integrated Rural Development Centre (CEDERI-MADIMBA) is a non-profit association and a non-governmental organisation (NGO). It was created on 12 September 1990 and its bylaws were certified in 1995. GENERAL AIM: The CEDERI aims to improve the socio-economic situation of the rural area with the active participation of the affected population who are the direct beneficiaries. It carries out activities in Madimba and Kasangulu territories in particular. SPECIFIC GOALS: − To train and support rural communities in their activities; − To promote family enterprises in grassroots rural communities; − To promote health activities (preventative and curative medicine); − To fight against poverty in the rural population; − To fight against desertification and deforestation by reforestation and conservation activities in the community’s forests. -
The Two Yemens
1390_A24-A34 11/4/08 5:14 PM Page 543 330-383/B428-S/40005 The Two Yemens 171. Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in the People’s Republic of Southern Yemen1 Washington, February 27, 1969, 1710Z. 30762. Subj: US–PRSY Relations. 1. PRSY UN Perm Rep Nu’man,2 who currently in Washington as PRSYG observer at INTELSAT Conference, had frank but cordial talk with ARP Country Director Brewer February 26. 2. In analyzing causes existing coolness in USG–PRSYG relations, Ambassador Nu’man claimed USG failure offer substantial aid at time of independence and subsequent seizure of American arms with clasped hands insignia3 in possession of anti-PRSYG dissidents had led Aden to “natural” conclusion that USG distrusts PRSYG. He specu- lated this due to close US relationship with Saudis whom Nu’man al- leged, somewhat vaguely, had privately conveyed threats to overthrow NLF regime, claiming USG support. Nu’man asserted PRSYG desired good relations with USG and hoped USG would reciprocate. 3. Recalling history of USG attempts to develop good relations with PRSYG, Brewer underlined our feeling it was PRSYG which had not re- ciprocated. He reviewed our position re non-interference PRSY internal affairs, regretting publicity anti-USG charges (e.g. re arms) without first seeking our explanation. Brewer noted USG seeks maintain friendly relations with Saudi Arabia as well as PRSYG but we not responsible for foreign policy of either. 4. Nu’man reiterated SAG responsible poor state Saudi-PRSY con- tacts. Brewer demurred, noting SAG had good reasons be concerned over hostile attitude PRSYG leaders. -
An African Basketry of Heterogeneous Variables Kongo-Kikongo-Kisankasa
ISSN 2394-9694 International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences Vol. 8, Issue 2, pp: (2-31), Month: March - April 2021, Available at: www.noveltyjournals.com An African Basketry of Heterogeneous Variables Kongo-Kikongo-Kisankasa Rojukurthi Sudhakar Rao (M.Phil Degree Student-Researcher, Centre for African Studies, University of Mumbai, Maharashtra Rajya, India) e-mail:[email protected] Abstract: In terms of scientific systems approach to the knowledge of human origins, human organizations, human histories, human kingdoms, human languages, human populations and above all the human genes, unquestionable scientific evidence with human dignity flabbergasted the European strong world of slave-masters and colonialist- policy-rulers. This deduces that the early Europeans knew nothing scientific about the mankind beforehand unleashing their one-up-man-ship over Africa and the Africans except that they were the white skinned flocks and so, not the kith and kin of the Africans in black skin living in what they called the „Dark Continent‟! Of course, in later times, the same masters and rulers committed to not repeating their colonialist racial geo-political injustices. The whites were domineering and weaponized to the hilt on their own mentality, for their own interests and by their own logic opposing the geopolitically distant African blacks inhabiting the natural resources enriched frontiers. Those „twists and twitches‟ in time-line led to the black‟s slavery and white‟s slave-trade with meddling Christian Adventist Missionaries, colonialists, religious conversionists, Anglican Universities‟ Missions , inter- sexual-births, the associative asomi , the dissociative asomi and the non-asomi divisions within African natives in concomitance. -
Democratic Republic of the Congo of the Congo Democratic Republic
Democratic Republic of the Congo of the Congo Democratic Republic Main objectives Impact • UNHCR provided international protection to some In 2005, UNHCR aimed to strengthen the protection 204,300 refugees in the DRC of whom some 15,200 framework through national capacity building, registra- received humanitarian assistance. tion, and the prevention of and response to sexual and • Some of the 22,400 refugees hosted by the DRC gender-based violence; facilitate the voluntary repatria- were repatriated to their home countries (Angola, tion of Angolan, Burundian, Rwandan, Ugandan and Rwanda and Burundi). Sudanese refugees; provide basic assistance to and • Some 38,900 DRC Congolese refugees returned to locally integrate refugee groups that opt to remain in the the DRC, including 14,500 under UNHCR auspices. Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC); prepare and UNHCR monitored the situation of at least 32,000 of organize the return and reintegration of DRC Congolese these returnees. refugees into their areas of origin; and support initiatives • With the help of the local authorities, UNHCR con- for demobilization, disarmament, repatriation, reintegra- ducted verification exercises in several refugee tion and resettlement (DDRRR) and the Multi-Country locations, which allowed UNHCR to revise its esti- Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP) mates of the beneficiary population. in cooperation with the UN peacekeeping mission, • UNHCR continued to assist the National Commission UNDP and the World Bank. for Refugees (CNR) in maintaining its advocacy role, urging local authorities to respect refugee rights. UNHCR Global Report 2005 123 Working environment Recurrent security threats in some regions have put another strain on this situation. -
Unilever Annual Report 1951
UNILEVER TRANSLATION OF ANNUAL REPORT AND STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS 1951 UNILEVER N+V+ DIRECTORS PAUL RIJKENS Chairman SIR GEOFFREY HEYWORTH Vice-Chairman e. M. G. DE BAAT JAMES LAURENCE HEYWORTH JAMES P. VAN DEN BERGH ROGER HARDMAN HEYWORTH SIDNEY J. VAN DEN BERGH RALPH ESTILL HUFFAM CHARLES HUGH CLARKE RUDOLF G. JURGENS GEORGE JAMES COLE FRANCIS DAVID MORRELL SIR HERBERT DAVIS FRANK SAMUEL W. A. FAURE A. E. J. SIMON THOMAS JOHN HENRY HANSARD ARTHUR HENRY SMITH HAROLD HARTOG F. J. TEMPEL ADVISORY DIRECTORS J. M. HONIG JHR. J. A. G. SANDBERG RUDOLF JURGENS H. L. WOLTERSOM K. P. VAN DER MANDELE SECRETARY E. A. HOFMAN AUDITORS PRICE WATERHOUSE & Co. COOP&R BROTHERS & Co. 3 i CONTENTS Unilever .N.V., the Dutch Company, is referred to as ccN.V.’y Unilever Limited, the English Company, is referred to as “LIMITED.” They are referred to jointly as cc The Parent Companies.” 8. PAGE SALIENT POINTS 6 REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 7-17 TURNOVER CHARTS 18 FINANCIAL CHARTS 19 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 20-2 1 CONSOLIDATED PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNTS 22-23 APPROPRIATION OF PROFITS 24-25 REPORTS OF THE AUDITORS 24-25 CAPITAL AND REVENUE RESERVES AND EXCHANGE SURPLUSES 26 LAND, BUILDINGS, PLANTATIONSy SHIPS, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 27 BALANCE SHEET-N.V. 28-29 BALANCE SHEET-LIMITED 30-3 1 TURNOVER 32 PENSIONS 32 SUMMARY OF CONSOLIDATED FIGURES, 1945-19 33 5 i SALIENT POINTS J1 All &pres relate to the N. V. and LIMITED GroupJ combined; details are set out in the accompanying Statements and should be considered in conjunction with tke Notes thereon.