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Republique Democratique Du Congo E3095 V. 1 REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO ------------- BUREAU CENTRAL DE COORDINATION (BCECO) Public Disclosure Authorized ------------- PROJET DE DEVELOPPEMENT DES POLES DE CROISSANCE (PDPC) ------------- Cadre de Gestion Environnementale et Sociale (CGES) Public Disclosure Authorized RAPPORT PROVISOIRE Aout 2012 Mbaye Mbengue FAYE Consultant en Evaluation Environnementale et Sociale Tél : (221) 77 549 76 68 – (221) 33 832 44 31 – BP 12 860 Dakar Email : [email protected] Public Disclosure Authorized Avec la collaboration : Chantal NKEY, Expert Socio-économiste/Environnementaliste/Biodiversité Aimé Kabamba, Expert Agronome-Environnementaliste Rigobert RUGADJO, Expert Juriste/environnementaliste MPOYI LUKUNGA Jo, Expert des questions Environnementales et Sociales. LWANZO KATHIMBA Eddy, Expert des questions Environnementales et Sociales Etienne MFULANI, Expert Socio-économiste Steve Kadima MBUYI, Expert SIG Professeur KINKELA NSABI Jean-Marie, Personne-Ressource Erickson MALUEKI TOKO Biologiste-environnementaliste, Personne-ressource Public Disclosure Authorized TABLE DES MATIERES ACRONYMES ............................................................................................................................................................. 7 RESUME ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 18 1.1. CONTEXTE ................................................................................................................................................. 18 1.2. OBJECTIFS DU PROJET ................................................................................................................................ 19 1.3. OBJECTIF DU CGES ................................................................................................................................... 19 1.4. METHODOLOGIE POUR LE CGES ............................................................................................................... 19 2. DESCRIPTION DU PROJET ......................................................................................................................... 20 2.1. OBJECTIF DE DEVELOPPEMENT DUR PROJET ............................................................................................... 20 2.2. COMPOSANTES DU PROJET ......................................................................................................................... 20 3. SITUATION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALES DANS LA ZONE DU PROJET ....................... 22 3.1. ZONE D’INFLUENCE DU PROJET .................................................................................................................. 22 3.2. PROVINCE DU BAS-CONGO ........................................................................................................................ 23 a. Situation géographique et environnement biophysique ............................................................................ 23 b. Situation socio-économique ...................................................................................................................... 26 c. Contraintes dans le secteur du développement rural du Bas-Congo ........................................................ 28 3.3. PROVINCE DE KINSHASA ............................................................................................................................ 30 a. Situation géographique et environnement biophysique ............................................................................ 30 b. Situation socio-économique ...................................................................................................................... 32 c. Contraintes dans le secteur du développement rural de la Province de Kinshasa ................................... 34 3.4. PROVINCE DU BANDUNDU ......................................................................................................................... 36 a. Situation géographique et environnement biophysique ............................................................................ 36 b. Situation socio-économique ...................................................................................................................... 40 c. Contraintes dans le secteur du développement rural de la Province du Bandundu ................................. 42 3.5. ANALYSE DE LA SENSIBILITE ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE DANS LA ZONE DU PROJET ...................... 44 a. Sensibilité écologique ............................................................................................................................... 44 b. Présence et sensibilités des zones humides ............................................................................................... 44 c. Sensibilité des questions foncières ............................................................................................................ 44 4. CADRE POLITIQUE, INSTITUTIONNEL ET JURIDIQUE .................................................................... 45 4.1. POLITIQUES ET PROGRAMMES EN RAPPORT AVEC LE PDPC ....................................................................... 45 a. Politique et programmes environnementaux ............................................................................................. 45 b. Politique et programmes économiques et sociaux .................................................................................... 45 c. Politique et programmes agricoles et de développement rural ................................................................. 45 d. Politique de l’eau et de l’assainissement .................................................................................................. 46 e. Politique énergétique ................................................................................................................................ 47 f. Politique sanitaire et d’hygiène du milieu ................................................................................................ 47 g. Politique de décentralisation .................................................................................................................... 47 4.2. CADRE INSTITUTIONNELLE DE GESTION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE DU PDPC ............................... 48 a. Ministère de l’Environnement, Conservation de la nature et Tourisme .................................................. 48 b. Groupe d'Etudes Environnementales du Congo (GEEC) ......................................................................... 48 c. Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature .............................................................................. 48 d. Les autres Ministères impliqués dans la gestion environnementale et sociale du PDPC ......................... 49 e. Les Collectivités locales ............................................................................................................................ 50 f. Les Acteurs Non Gouvernementaux .......................................................................................................... 50 g. Conclusion sur l’analyse des capacités environnementales et sociales .................................................... 50 4.3. LEGISLATION ENVIRONNEMENTALE ET SOCIALE ........................................................................................ 51 a. Législation environnementale et sociale nationale ................................................................................... 51 b. Législation dans le secteur agricole ......................................................................................................... 52 c. Législation fluviale .................................................................................................................................... 53 d. Conventions Internationales en matière d’environnement ....................................................................... 53 Rapport provisoire du CGES du PDPC – Aout 2012 3 5. POLITIQUES DE SAUVEGARDE DE LA BANQUE MONDIALE .......................................................... 55 5.1. PRESENTATION ET ANALYSE DES POLITIQUES DE SAUVEGARDE ENVIRONNEMENTALES ET SOCIALES ........ 55 5.2. POLITIQUES DE SAUVEGARDE APPLICABLES AU PDPC .............................................................................. 58 6. ANALYSE DES OPTIONS ALTERNATIVES ............................................................................................. 59 6.1. OPTION « SANS PROJET » ........................................................................................................................... 59 6.2. OPTION « INTERVENTION DU PROJET DANS TOUTES PROVINCES DU PAYS » .............................................. 59 6.3. OPTION « INTERVENTION EXCLUSIVE AVEC LES GRANDES EXPLOITATIONS D’AGROBUSINESS » ................ 59 6.4. OPTION « INTERVENTION DU PDPC DANS LE CORRIDOR MATADI-KINSHASA-KIKWIT » ......................... 60 7. IMPACTS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX ET SOCIAUX DU PDPC ............................................................... 61 7.1. IMPACTS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX ET SOCIAUX POSITIFS ............................................................................... 61 a. Système d’appui à la production agricole, à l’élevage et à la pisciculture .............................................. 61 b. Infrastructures
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