Le Massif De Lovo, Sur Les Traces Du Royaume De Kongo

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Le Massif De Lovo, Sur Les Traces Du Royaume De Kongo Le massif de Lovo, sur les traces du royaume de Kongo • C 95 am y b g ri o d l g o e e Geoffroy Heimlich M a h o c n r o A g n r a a c p i h r f s A i Volume 1 n Access Archaeology haeopr c es r s A A y c g c e o l s o s e A a r c Ah About Access Archaeology Access Archaeology offers a different publishing model for specialist academic material that might traditionally prove commercially unviable, perhaps due to its sheer extent or volume of colour content, or simply due to its relatively niche field of interest. All Access Archaeology publications are available in open-access e-pdf format and in (on-demand) print format. The open-access model supports dissemination in areas of the world where budgets are more severely limited, and also allows individual academics from all over the world the chance to access the material privately, rather than relying solely on their university or public library. 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The quality of such printing has moved forward radically, even in the last few years, vastly increasing the fidelity of images (highly important in archaeology) and making colour printing more economical. Access Archaeology is a vehicle that allows us to publish useful research, be it a PhD thesis, a catalogue of archaeological material or data, in a model that does not cost more than the income it generates. This model may well evolve over time, but its ambition will always remain to publish archaeological material that would prove commercially unviable in traditional publishing models, without passing the expense on to the academic (author or reader). aeopr ch es r s A A y c g c e o l s o s e A a r c Ah Le massif de Lovo, sur les traces du royaume de Kongo • C 95 am y b g ri o d l g o Geoffroy Heimlich e e M a h o c n r o A g n r a a c p i h r f s A i Volume 1 n Access Archaeology aeopr ch es r s A A y c g c e o l s o s e A a r c Ah Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Gordon House 276 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7ED www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978 1 78491 634 3 ISBN 978 1 78491 635 0 (e-Pdf) © Archaeopress and G Heimlich 2017 Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 95 Series Editors: Laurence Smith, Brian Stewart, Stephanie Wynne-Jones All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Table des Matières Liste des Cartes ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� vii Liste des Figures���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������viii Liste des Tableaux �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������xii Remerciments ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������xiii Chapitre 1 Le Massif de Lovo, un Patrimoine Méconnu ����������������������������������������������������������������� 1 Chapitre 2 Présentation du Massif de Lovo ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 5 2.1. SITUATION DU MASSIF DE LOVO ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 2.2. ARCHEOLOGIE DU MASSIF DE LOVO, UN ÉTAT DES LIEUX �������������������������������������������������������������������8 2.3. LE ROYAUME DE KONGO, UNE ARCHÉOLOGIE EN DEVENIR ���������������������������������������������������������������11 Chapitre 3 Historique des Regards ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������15 3.1. LES MISSIONNAIRES A L’ÉPOQUE DU ROYAUME DE KONGO ��������������������������������������������������������������15 3.2. JAMES TUCKEY ET ADOLF BASTIAN : LES EXPLORATEURS DES TEMPS MODERNES ����������������������15 3.3. LES PREMIÈRES MENTIONS DU MASSIF DE LOVO.................................................................................17 3.4. JAN HEUTS ET NARCISSE LELEUP : DES BIOLOGISTES A LOVO ����������������������������������������������������������20 3.5. JOSEPH DE MUNCK : INITIATEUR DE LA RECHERCHE SUR L’ART RUPESTRE �����������������������������������21 3.6. JOSEPH VAN DER AUWERA : GROTTES ORNÉES ET SPÉLÉOLOGIE �����������������������������������������������������23 3.7. GEORGES MORTELMANS ET ROGER MONTEYNE : GROTTES ORNÉES ET RITUELS CHRÉTIENS ����26 3.8. HENDRIK VAN MOORSEL : DE L’HYPOTHÈSE D’UNE ÉCRITURE ET D’UN DEBUT DE CLASSEMENT.....29 3.9. PAUL RAYMAEKERS ET JEAN AZEVEDO : PREMIÈRES PROSPECTIONS SYSTÉMATIQUES DU MASSIF DE LOVO................................................................................................................................................31 3.10. LES RECHERCHES DE GERARD HOLLAERT ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������32 3.11. PIERRE DE MARET : PREMIÈRE ASSISE ARCHÉOLOGIQUE DU MASSIF DE LOVO ����������������������������33 3.12. CONCLUSION ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������36 Chapitre 4 Méthodologie ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������37 4.1. INTRODUCTION ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������37 4.2. AXES DE RECHERCHE ET PRIORITÉS �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������37 Chapitre 5 Présentation des Sites ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������41 5.1. INTRODUCTION ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������41 5.2. LA GROTTE ORNÉE DE TOVO ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������42 5.2.1. Contexte géographique ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������42 i 5.2.2. Inventaire de l’art rupestre (annexe 1) �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������44 5.2.3. Contexte archéologique ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������44 5.3. LA GROTTE ORNÉE DE NKAMBA ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������48 5.3.1. Contexte géographique ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������48 5.3.2. Inventaire de l’art rupestre (annexe 2) �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������49 5.3.3. Contexte archéologique ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������49 5.4. LE SITE DE NDIMBANKONDO ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������50 5.4.1. Contexte géographique ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������50 5.4.2. Inventaire de l’art rupestre (annexe 3) �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������51 5.5. LE SITE DE SONGANTELA ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������52 5.5.1. Contexte géographique ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������52 5.5.2. Inventaire de l’art rupestre (annexe 4) �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������52
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