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Catalogue-Zoe-Bray-Bayonne.Pdf Bekoz beko Ipar Amerikako mendebaldeko euskaldunen potretak Face à face Portraits de Basques dans l’Ouest américain Face to face Portraits of Basques in the American West Cara a cara Retratos de Vascos en el Oeste americano Photographies/Argazkiak/Photos/Fotografías: Judy Mendeguia, Christine Pinney Karkow, Christian Thauer, Juan Pablo Zabala Traductions/Itzulpenak/Translations/Traducciones: Antton Harignodorquy, Nicholas Bray Design/Diseinua/Diseño: Nicholas Bray Imprimerie/Inprimategia/Press/Imprenta: Antza Komunikazio Grafikoa Remerciements/Eskerrak/Thanks/Agradecimientos: Euskal Kultur Erakundea/ Institut Culturel Basque, Eusko Ikaskuntza Iparralde, Nevada Arts Council, Heidemarie Rochlin, Len Savage Face à face / Bekoz beko Portraits de Basques dans l’Ouest américain Ipar Amerikako mendebaldeko euskaldunen potretak Zoe Bray Face to face Portraits of Basques in the American West Cara a cara Retratos de Vascos en el Oeste americano Exposition au Musée Basque et de l’histoire de Bayonne du 2 octobre au 17 novembre 2019 IL Y A QUELQUES années, Zoé Bray, toute DUELA zenbait urte, Zoe Bray ikasle gazte jeune étudiante, terminait un doctorat -gazteak zientzia sozialetako doktoregoa de sciences sociales à Florence : est-ce ce bukatu zuen, Florentzian: Uffizi Galeria- séjour, à l’orée du musée des Offices et ren eta Pitti Jauregiaren ondoko egonaldi du palais Pitti, ou bien les gènes mater- horrek ala amaren aldeko geneek (haren nels (sa mère est une artiste connue au ama artista ezaguna da Euskal Herrian) Pays Basque) qui la poussèrent à s’initier ote zuten potretaren artea eta marraz- à l’art du portrait et aux techniques tra- kiaren eta olio pinturaren teknika tradi- ditionnelles du dessin et de la peinture zionalak ikastera sustatu? Italiatik itzul- à l’huile ? Dans ses bagages, au retour tzean, doktore diploma eta potret serie d’Italie, diplôme de doctorat et série de bat eginak zituen. portraits. Ikerketa bide bikoitza ireki zitzaion orduan: Un double chemin de recherches s’ou- gizarte antropologia eta pintura. Haren be- vrait dès lors : anthropologie sociale rezitasuna bi alderdi horiek bateratzea er- et peinture. Son originalité est d’avoir dietsi izana da, bai Renon irakasle zelarik, concilié ces deux aspects, tant durant ses bai Jerusalemen ikerle izan zen denboran, années de professorat à Reno, de cher- eta bai Iparraldean egon den aldietan. cheuse à Jérusalem et durant ses séjours Horrela, aspaldiko edo ez hain aspaldiko en Iparralde. euskal emigraziotik (duela belaunaldi an- Ainsi surgissent ces figures d’hommes dana bat, kasu batzuetan) heldu diren gi- et de femmes issus de l’émigration zon eta emazte horien itxurak ateratzen basque plus ou moins lointaine (plu- dira: beren jatorrizko kultura eta hizkun- sieurs générations pour certains) qui ont tza atxiki eta, aldi berean, bizilekutzat voulu conserver leur culture, leur langue hautatu herriari egokitu nahi izan zaiz- d’origine, tout en s’adaptant à leur pays kion pertsona batzuenak; hortik heldu d’adoption, d’où l’originalité de l’univer- da, hain zuzen, Renoko unibertsitatearen sité de Reno. Ils incarnent différentes berezkotasuna. Hautuzko/ asimilaziozko phases d’adoption/ assimilation. fase desberdinak erakusten dituzte. La haute stature de Nestor Basterretxea, Euskal Herriko zizelkaritzaren aitzinda- qui a grandi en exil en Amérique du sud rietarik bilakatu aitzin Hego Amerikan avant de devenir l’une des figures de erbesteraturik handitu den Nestor Bas- proue du renouveau de la sculpture en terretxearen irudi nagusiak panorama Pays Basque, domine ce panorama. horretako puntu gorenean da. Marie-Claude Berger, Marie-Claude Berger, Historienne de l’art Artearen historialaria Zoe Bray est une peintre naturaliste Zoe Bray pintore naturalista da, Char- formée à l’atelier de Charles H. Cecil les H. Cecil-en atelierrean eta Italiako et à la Florence Academy à Florence Florentziako Florence Academy esko- en Italie. Elle est également anthro- lan formatua. Antropologoa ere da, pologue et titulaire d’un doctorat de eta Europako Institutu Unibertsitario- l’Institut universitaire européen. Elle ko doktoregoa badu. Italian, Frantzian, a travaillé en Italie, en France, en Es- Espainian, Alemanian, Israelen, Pales- pagne, en Allemagne, en Israël, en Pa- tinan eta Ameriketako Estatu Batuetan lestine et aux États-Unis. Elle a exposé lan egin du. Bere potretak erakutsi eta et peint ses portraits en direct au Mu- zuzenean pintatu ditu New Yorkeko His- sée d’histoire naturelle américaine de toria natural amerikarreko museoan, New York, au Musée Blanton d’Austin, Austingo Blanton Museoan (Texas), Chi- Texas, au Chicago Arts Incubator et au cago Arts Incubator eremuan eta Jeru- Nestor Basterretxea est né à Bermeo, Biscaye, en 1924. Son père, homme politique basque, a dû s’exi- centre Beita à Jérusalem. salemgo Beita zentroan. ler en 1936, lors du commencement de la guerre En tant qu’anthropologue-peintre, Zoe Antropologo-pintore gisa, Zoeri norta- civile espagnole, emmenant sa famille avec lui d’abord en France, puis via le Maroc en Argentine. s’intéresse à la nature fluide de l’identi- sunaren izaera isurkorra interesatzen Là, Nestor s’est forme en tant qu’artiste et a noué té, amorphe et en évolution constante zaio, moldegabea eta etengabe alda- des liens d’amitié avec le sculpteur Jorge Oteiza, qui dans un monde où elle est sans cesse tzen ari, mundu batean non beti birna- le convainc en 1952 de revenir au Pays basque où il renationalisée et essentialisée. Com- zionalizatua eta esentzializatua baita. a participé au lancement d’un mouvement artistique avant-gardiste basque. Dans les années 1980, des ment les individus définissent-ils et Nola dute norbanakoek beren nortasu- basques d’Amérique du Nord lui ont demandé de négocient-ils leur identité ? na definitzen eta negoziatzen? produire une sculpture en l’honneur de la diaspora basque américaine. Le résultat de cette commande, Les portraits présentés ici examinent Oraingo erakusketak euskal nortasuna sa sculpture Bakardade/Solitude, est une repré- l’identité basque dans l’Ouest améri- Ipar Amerikako mendebaldean ikertzen sentation moderniste et monumentale d’un berger cain. Certains de ces ableaux ont déjà duten obrak aurkezten ditu. Potret ho- portant un agneau sur son épaule qui se dresse aujourd’hui sur Peavine Hill à Reno, Nevada. Nestor été exposés aux Etats-Unis, avant de rietarik batzuk Ameriketako Estatu Ba- a posé pour Zoe devant la porte de sa maison à Hon- voyager au Pays basque. Après avoir tuetan erakutsiak izan dira jada, Euskal darribia, Gipuzkoa, en 2010. Il est décédé en 2014. été exposés au Musée basque et Herrira bidaiatu baino lehen. Baionako Nestor Basterretxea Bermeon sortu zen, Biz- de l’histoire de Bayonne, ils se ren- Euskal Museoan erakutsiak izan ondotik, kaian, 1924an. Haren aita euskal politikaria zen dront dans d’autres endroits du Pays Euskal Herriko beste leku batzuetara joa- eta, 1936an, Espainiako gerla zibila hasi zelarik, basque, près des lieux d’où les indivi- nen dira, irudikatu pertsonek beren ja- erbesteratu behar izan zuen, bere familia lehenik dus représentés tracent leurs origines. torria marrazten duten tokietarik hurbil. Frantziara eramanez eta gero Argentinara, Ma- rokotik iraganik. Han, Nestor-ek artista heziketa Ils repartiront ensuite aux États-Unis. Gero, Ameriketako Estatu Batuetara itzu- hartu zuen eta Jorge Oteiza-ren adiskide bilakatu C’est un travail en cours dont le but liko dira. Egiten ari den lan bat da, non zen. Hark konbentzitu zuen, 1952an, Euskal Herri- est de construire une archive visuelle helburua Ipar Amerikako mendebaldeko ra itzul zedin. Ondoko hamarkadetan, Nestor-ek personnelle des Basques et de l’iden- euskaldunen eta euskal nortasunaren ar- abangoardiako euskal mugimendu artistiko baten abiatzean parte hartu zuen. 1980ko hamarkadan, tité basque dans l’Ouest américain. txibo pertsonal ikusgarri bat egitea baita. Ipar Amerikako euskal erkidegoko kide batzuek galdegin zioten zizelkadura bat egitea Ameriketa- ko euskal diasporaren ohoretan. Eskaera horren emaitza, Bakardade/Solitude zizelkadura, bildots bat espaldan duen artzain baten irudi modernista eta monumentala da; gaur egun Peavine Hill-en dago, Renon, Nevadan. Nestor Zoeretzat paratu da bere etxeko atearen aitzinean, Gipuzkoako Hondarribian, 2010ean. 2014an zendu da. J’ai fait la connaissance des personnes qui ont accepté de poser pour moi à l’occasion d’événements sociaux et culturels tels que les célèbres pique-niques basques, ainsi que dans le cadre de mes responsabilités universitaires et grâce à des amis. Dans chaque portrait, j’ai cherché à faire ressor- tir le caractère individuel de la personne, en évitant les stéréotypes découlant des marqueurs culturels ou liés à des activités spécifiques. J’ai ressenti l’urgence d’entrer en contact avec les membres des généra- tions plus âgées, afin de saisir leurs histoires personnelles dans ces deux pays, le Pays basque et l’Ouest américain, qui ont telle- ment changé depuis le début du XXe siècle. En même temps, je voulais explorer ce que cela signifiait pour les jeunes générations de s’identifier comme basque tout en s’impli- quant dans des activités et des contextes LES PERSONNES DONT les portraits sont en Italie et en Allemagne pour vivre de nou- culturels et sociaux bien distincts. présentés ici sont d’âges différents et d’hori- velles expériences ou à la recherche d’un La diaspora basque américaine a été et zons professionnels et sociaux variés. Mais emploi. Aux États-Unis, j’ai découvert l’exis- continue d’être l’objet de nombreuses ils ont en
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