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Partial Pulfillment of the Requirements : .; Va , for the Degree of ' Humanism at the University of Paris in the early Renaissance Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Marcus, Leslie Bennett, 1937- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 06/10/2021 10:37:22 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318965 HUMMFISM If THE UHYEHSITI OF PffilS IH THE EIRIZ RENHSSfflGE Xeslie B. Marcus A Thesis Sutaitted to the Faculty of the BEPAETMENT OF EOMMGE IfflGUAGES I»; Partial Pulfillment of the Requirements : .; Va , For the Degree of ' . MISTER OP- iRTS • In the Graduate College ' : :.HIIflRSlfI W iRIZCEA . ' 1 9 6 2 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of re­ quirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in their judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: ^ . Ytaurvujl APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: LOYAL A. GRYTING Professor of Frenc T1BEB OF GOHTENTS niRiroGM io , v = : * » » = V > „ „ 0 » * « i GMpt@r ' . - "; : < ■ ' , I THE BiGKGROUND OF THE HETFERSITT OF PARIS , » 4 0 O. s -O o, p , 0 ® O 0 © - p O <$- © o , o • o © o 12 I I THE .M H IS I'I QF THE EEMISSMGE » , 4 .. 6- > > . 14 , . F OOTHO'J^So ■ o o p, o , e @ p , e '« .0.0 e o » o . • • • 24 ill THE mcmTi # Tmoimi, # im . ;.v UHIiERSITT..OF. PARIS» „ . 0.0,0 o , » .. , o = * 26 F O O T H O T E S », o o » * * .« .# © ® ••• © « ® *..* o © © 36 IF THE STOTIl^F' ^SiEEH : THE I f f l H0M&H1SH 1M0 THE S0RB01HE. ©. = © . © o, , © © , .. © © 38 F00THOSES -0 0 0 o e. o #. o o o fo' o o ti e • • o o © 54 . F HISrailB ilB,e(»CIBSIW^^ o o © o o' o » * * V . 56 FOOTHOTE.o'' ©\ o /o o, o, o o ' © . o p o 'o o ' o o .0 o' 6 o 62 BIBIIO#A#Io ' o 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 o » • v o 0 0 o . • 63 / - v^- \ .: ;.v • - .. I1TR0DUCTI0H • ' ' . ' ' ::: Himianism was the dominant Intelleetual movement in France during the sixteenth .century« The word is derived from the Satin i#rd hnmarms (that. >M.efa concerns .mans; homo)« In its most general' ; senses Hxrnianisn is the name given to these intelleetual activities / that survey the whole cultural condition of man® In the context of •this, thesis^, hewrer), it is the:'name,. giyeg:-:t^:,the:' rediscovery, trans^ lation, elucidation, commentary, and interpretation of the Greek and latih classics o ; ’ . ) Humani^n, "which originated in It.aly, did not meet with the • same initial success In 'France' as ."it hadin Italy. Indeed, the, early, stages of its development were very difficult= Its chief and most powerful • opponent in France was. the phseurantist and Scholastic ■Sorbonne, the Faculty of Theology of the University of Paris® •, : So great was the renown and influence of the University of Paris in a France then as now highly centralised,, that Humanism could and would not triumph until it; had. dvereom.@ the constant opposition ‘ of the great University = ' , • . ■ It is the purpose of this thesis to examine the intellectual • aspects ©f this-struggle between Humanism and the traditional learn­ ing at the Sorbonne in the sixteenth century, as revealed in the writings of French Humanists and men of letters, aid in the writings of the doctors of the Sorbonne« First,' there will be an; examination of the background of the University of Paris in the sixteenth centm'jp which m i l show the University to be essentially a mediaeval instil • tut ion o Secondly«, there 3d.ll be an examination of the evolution of the Humanism ©f the EensdLssanee at the University of FariSs. iiiieh show'tte hut steady infiltration of Humanism, into the ; University,: , Thirdly, there will be a detailed examination of the-; Faculty of Theology of the University of Paris in the sixteenth century, iiiieh m i l show its conservative temper and obscurantist spirit. Finally,: there m i l be a very detailed, examination of the clash between the new Humanism and, the Faculty of Theology, with special emphasis oh the intellectual aspects, which will show the emergence of Human!sa over the implacable opposition of the Sorbonhe at Paris,:'. v : vV::::: , -- , ^ . ■ : The period under discussion in.this thesis dpes not include the entire century, but rather the period: from 1470 to approximately ' 1534=> This period opens with the first printing press in Paris and closes with the Affairs des Flacardso This is not the golden age of Humanism in prance. It skirts such great writers as Montaigne. and ' Calvin,' such imaortal poets as, Su Bellay,‘ESnsard, Seeve, and, more . relevant so far as this thesis, is concerned, such great scholars as Henri Estieme, Sbienne Fasquier, Claude Fauchet, and Jacques.Amyot„ This thesis is primarily concerhed,, as stated previously, with the difficult but nevertheless successful struggle'of Humanism to es- , tablish itself against its.chief, ehesy . in France, the Sorboane« It : will be shown that by 1530, with the establishment of the College de Frances the struggle reached, its successful conclusion and that, in the following few years9 the - Humanists successfully beat off the r©ar"guard'"actiqBS ©f the Sorberae® ' : : . This thesis does not deal with the Reformation in France9 idiose early adherents included many of the leading Humanists. The religious question is introduced indirectly to illuminate the sources of the;reaction-of the Theologians of the Sorborme to Hummism. ’ - ' It will be shown that the Humanists were correct, in judging the Sorbonne incorrigibly reactionary iti spirit9 and hence justi- ! fied.in their belief that salvation for .Humanism lay in creating a new Hmanistic University, independent of the Sorbonne» ' Great attention is placed throughout on. the words and ' . actions of the two chief actors in this :drama> the protagonist Guillaume Bade m d the antagonists Soel Beia.: • . g h &p w ;£ THE BACKGRGUHD OF THE UM¥EBS1TI OF PARIS ' - The origin of, the University of Paris is diffierilt to pin- . ■ point exactly o It is generally agreed, however % that it developed from the Cathedral, School of Paris» ' This school ■was placed on the .■ intellectual;map, by Gaillaime ■■ de Champeaax (do its first great Master0 It was not Guillawae^ however$ brnt rather Pierre Abelard$ his pupil and adversaryg Vno first started students swarming to Paris from all over^a inigration that has » t yet stoppedo ; ■ ,' Abelard is today justly noted for his famous love affair with Heloiseo Yet it was his peerless skill as a logician and his philosophical eon.* tributions t© the development of Scholasticism vAieh attracted numer* - ©us students 'to Paris and helped to establish there a University of ■ the first ranko A University offering the studium generals or basic eurrietdrm'gradualiy iaato beingf in the- twelfth centuryB A Society of Masters * as those iSo taught at the University were called s ..was '©stablished about 117©o '. 7 ; ' ■ ■- ■ . ■ Thus'by the end of the twelfth century a cosmopolitan band of ; students alrea% existed at Paris and became organised because of ■■;'r ' - . 2 - • ' ‘ . " " three main reasons o First ^ there was the need to protect their ; privilegess as eleriess against the • encroachments of lay authority. To this end the University became an ecclesiastical polity independent . , :: -::::", , - _''. :::' .' . \ ^ :"',:' . : $ of the Klmgs eapable of 3^aotimg #ite vigorously to royal izitrmsiomso Secondlys a long straggle ensued between the University of Paris ‘and ; the Chlaacelior of Hotre. Bame'> the agent of the Bishop of Paris» in ; >jhich the school asserted, its autonony as belonging not to the kingdom or to the diocese alone 3 but to the Ohureh universal o Thirdly9 the Papacys trying to centralize the activities of ;the Ghurchs supported the University in its1 straggle for autonomy o ■ . , ' • ' : ' . , ilberb Guerard, summarized the evolution of the University of Paris as follows; • ' The University m s n©t s as we have seens a single school expanding in orderly fashions it m s , a confused aggrega- , tion of cosmopolitan students and" masters9 # i o h gradually9 ; and by the usual method s conflicfj, grew conscious of its unity and extended its privilegeso^ • The corporate existence of the University was acknowledged by Royal Charter■about 12S0O In 1215 it received a definite statute from the Pope$s Legate=' This :ms strengthened by the Bull Parens Seientiarma issued in 1231 s which placed it directly under Papal jurisdictioBo In 1219 the different ^Faculties411 were first mentioned= % i 222r the student3$ always a friendly and gregarious group and blessed with a strong sense of national solidarity9 had formed numer­ ous regional Clubs or nations approximating their origins® These were later reduced to fmir=-=Freneh@ Picard 9 H o m a n s and English® 86The ^English, nationwhich also, included 'Mortlern and Eastern Earopeans and5, above all9 GarsnarxSj x-jere later transformed into the s,G@rman ’’ ■ 4 . ■■ ' ' : :: ' ' " : . nation os ' ■ % the middle ©f'the thirteenth centurya the, rector was.
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