BIBLIOGRAPHY

NATO-OTAN

Place Maréchal-de- Lattre-de-Tassig ny

CONTENTS

Introdu ction 7

I — N orth Atlantic Tr e a t y ...... 9 A — Conclusion and signature...... 10 a) Prelim inaries...... 10 b) Signature — Statem ents, official n otes...... 11 B — R atification ...... 14 Parliamentary debat es, dates, returns 14

II — International Agreements ...... 23 A — NATO multilateral agreements...... 23 B — Defence agreements concluded between member countries ...... 27

III — Organization ...... 65 Structure, activities, achievement s ...... 65 A — NATO publications...... 65 B — National publications — addresses of official documentation services, and titles and dates of publications...... 69

IV — G eneral aspects of N A T O ...... 87 General studies...... 87 Political a sp e c ts...... 89 Military asp ects...... 91 Economic a s p e c ts ...... 96 Legal aspects...... 1 01 Cultural a sp e c ts...... 104 Member co u n tries...... 106

V — S pecial problems ...... 123 Infrastructure and defence production...... 123 Western scientific and technical co-operation ...... 127 NATO and civil d e fe n c e ...... 132 NATO and E u r o p e ...... 133 NATO and the Berlin questi on ...... 135 NATO and modern w e a p o n s...... 137 NATO and disarmament ...... 147 NATO and , Spain, Sweden, Ireland, Switzerland, Hungary, Suez, C u b a ...... 151

5 VI — The A tlantic C o m m u n ity 155 A — Cultural a c tiv itie s...... 156 B — NATO and Y ou t h ...... 160 C — Psychological defenc e of Western valu es ...... 168 Appendix : List of theses prepared under NATO Fellowship Programme . . 170

VII — NATO SUBSIDIARY B O D IES ...... 173

VIII — A tlantic treaty asso c iation and national voluntary organizations BELONGING TO I T ...... 175 Activities and publications of A T A ...... 175 National volu ntary organizations...... 176

IX — NATO P arliamentarians ’ C o n f e r e n c e ...... 183

X — S e l e c t i o n o f W o r k s ...... 185 a) NATO ...... 185 b) International organization...... 191 c) Collective s e c u rity ...... 193 d) Western civilisation...... 196 e) Economic situati on and problems of the Western W o r ld ...... 198

X I — S e le c t i o n o f r e v i e w s ...... 203

XII — E a r l ie r bibliographies ...... 205

6 INTRODUCTION

This is the English edition of the NATO Bibliography which was originally published in French in . It provides a comprehensive list of books and periodicals dealing with NATO. The first two chapters are devoted to the historical background of the Treaty. The following chapters, which cover the political, military, economic, legal and cultural aspects of the Alliance as well as the relationship of NATO to certain outstanding problems, have been compiled from the documentation published before 1st Sep­ tember 1963. For ease of reference, books and articles have been listed separately. For the same reason the sections on subsidiary bodies of NATO (Chapter VII) and the voluntary associations which support it (Chapters VIII and IX) have been included although these sections do not properly constitute bibliographical information. This guide to NATO, drawn from numerous official as well as private sources, is of considerable length; however, it is not exhaustive since many references only indirectly related to NATO have been omitted for practical reasons. Nevertheless, it is hoped that this publication will serve as a useful guide to those engaged in research. For further documentation on a wider range of subjects , readers should refer to the Introductory Bibliography, published at Leiden in ¡961 by the Conference on the Atlantic Community. The NA TO Library, which is open to members of the Organization and to interested members of the public, has endeavoured over the past years to assemble as many texts as possible relating to NATO and is constantly adding current studies to its collection. The object of this NATO publication is to provide a contribution to the study of the problems arising out of the existence and development of the Alliance. This documentation has been prepared by Mine. J. Forget, the Librarian, with the assistance of the national delegations and the Secretariat.

Paris, NATO Information Service

7

CHAPTER I NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY

Documents relating to the signature and ratification of the North Atlantic Treaty and the Conventions and Protocols : statements, reports, official notes. This chapter has been prepared on the basis of documents, mostly English or French, available in the Library, and drawn from the following sources :

SOURCES United Kingdom : Her Majesty's Stationery Office (H.M.S.O.) York House, Kingsway, , W .C.2 Royal Institute oj International Affairs, 10 St. James’ Square, London, S.W.l see series : Documents on International Affairs edited by Oxford University Press, London 1947-1948, pp. 194-243 1949-1950, pp. 245-308 1954, pp. 28-64 Keesing's Contemporary Archives 65 Brist ol Road, Keynsham, Bristol, Vol. No. VII, 1948-1950 Vol. No. VIII, 1950-1952 United States : Superintendent oj Documents U.S. Government Printing Office North Capitol H. Streets, N.W., Washington 25, D.C. France : La Documentation française Présidence du Conseil Secrétariat général du Gouvernement Direction de la Documentation 16, rue Lord-Byron, Paris-8e For the French texts quoted in section b), s ee : Recueils et Monographies No. 25 Recueil de textes relatifs à l’Organisation du Traité de l’Atlan­ tique Nord 1948-1953

9 A. CONCLUSION AND SIGNATURE

EARLIER AGREEMENTS Charter of the United Nations October 25, 1945 United Nations Information Service Place Fontenoy, Paris-7e Dunkirk Treaty (Parties : United Kingdom, France) March 4, 1947 H.M.S.O. Cmnd 7217 Documentation française, N .D. 565 Treaty (Parties : , France, Luxembourg, Netherlands, United Kingdom) March 17, 1948 (completed by the Paris Agreements) H.M.S.O. Cmnd 7599 Documentation française , N.D. 2.021

PRELIMINARIES Official statements : Speech delivered by General George C . Marshall, Secretary of State, at Harvard June 5, 1947 This speech was the starting point of the European recovery Documents on International Affairs, 1947-1948, p. 23 Documentation française, N.D. 641, June 12, 1947 Resolution No. 239 presented by Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg, Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and adopted on June 11, 1948 Congressional Record, June 11, 1948, p. 7791 Documentation française , N.D. 1.260, January 19, 1950 Speech delivered by Mr. E. Bevin, United Kingdom Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, in which he expresses support for a formula of Western Union, House of Commons, January 22, 1948 Documents on International Affairs, 1947-1948, pp. 201-221 Message addressed by Mr. Georges Bidault, French Minister for Foreign Affairs, to General George C . Marshall, on March 4, 1948 Le Monde, Paris, -16, 1948

10 SIGNATURE OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY Washington, April 4, 1949 The North Atlantic Treaty was signed in Washi ngton on April 4, 1949 by the twelve following States : Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom and the United States A historical study of the Atlantic Organisation should include the final communiqués of the Ministerial Meetings. The reader will be referred to them and to the list of the first ten Ministerial Meetings which have marked the first stage of its development

Repo rts and statements on the occasion of the signing (*) Texts regarding the twelve signatory countries Common declaration by Messrs. E. Bevin, D. Acheson and R . Schuman on publication of the Treaty, March 18th, 1949 Statement issued by the United States Department of State on “Building the Peace”, January 14, 1949 White Paper : Collective Defence and Safeguard of Peace, Security and Freedom in the North Atlantic Community, March 19, 1949 (see Chapter III B, United States, p. 83) Speeches delivered at the signature of the Treaty, on April 4, 1949 by Mr. Harry Truman, President of the United States, Mr. Dirk U. Stikker, Dutch Foreign Minister, Mr. P.-H. Spaak, Belgian Prime Minister, Count Sforza, Italian Foreign Minister, Mr. Lester B. Pearson, Canadian Foreign Minister. Official summary of a resolution adopted by the Norwegian in favour of co-operation for peace and security, , 1949

Soviet notes of protest and replies by the twelve Signatory Powers Statement by Mr. Molotov, Foreign Minister of USSR, issued in reply to the report “Building the Peace”, January 29, 1949 Memorandum of the Government of the USSR on the North Atlantic Treaty sent to the twelve signatory States of the North Atlantic Treaty, March 31, 1949 Replies to the above memorandum, sent by Foreign Ministers of the twelve signatory Governments, April 2, 1949

* The reader will be referred to the above mentioned sources.

11 Norway Statement by Mr. Afanassiev, Russian Ambassador to Norway, January 30, 1949 Reply by the Norwegian Government to Mr. Afanassiev’s statement, February 1, 1949 Second Soviet note to the Norwegian Government, February 5, 1949 Reply by the Norwegian Government, March 3, 1949

Soviet note to the Italian Government, July 19, 1949 Reply by the Italian Government, July 28, 1949 Reply by the United States Government to the same note, , 1949

Subsequent Accessions

Greece and Turkey Preliminaries Statements by Messrs. Acheson and Bevin on aid to Greece, Turkey and Iran, May 19, 1950 Exchange of notes between Mr. Acheson and the Ambassadors of Greece and Turkey in Washington : Notes by Mr. Acheson to the Ambassadors of Greece and Turkey, September 19, 1950 and October 3, 1950 Reply by Turkey, October 2, 1950 Reply by Greece, October 4, 1950 Signature of the Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the accession of Greece and Turkey, London, October 22, 1951 Soviet protests on the signature of the Protocol and replies First Soviet note, November 3, 1951 Turkish reply, November 12, 1951 Further Soviet note, November 30, 1951

Federal Republic of Germany Preliminaries London Conference, September 28-October 3, 1954 Paris Conference, October 20-23, 1954 (see Chapter II, NATO Agreements, p. 38) Signature of the Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the accession of the Federal Republic of Germany, October 23, 1954

12 Soviet protests on the signature of the Protocol and replies Soviet note to the Ambassadors of France, Great Britain and the United States in , October 23, 1954 Final Declaration of the Moscow Conference regarding the Paris Agree­ ments, December 2, 1954 Soviet statement proposing a “restoration of good relationship” between the USSR and the German Federal Gover nment, subject to the non-ratifica­ tion of the Paris Agreements, January 15, 1955 Letter sent by Mr. Ollenhauer, Chief of the Social Demo crat Party, to Dr. Adenauer, expressing opposition to the Treaty, January 24, 1955 Reply by Dr. Adenauer, January 29, 1955

13 B. RATIFICATION OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY AND SUBSEQUENT AGREEMENTS

The following documentation has been drawn from parliamentary debates in member States or from Keesing’s Contemporary Archives, 1948­ 1950.

BELGIUM

Chamber of Deputies May 3-4, 1949 Reporter Mr. Scheyven votes : 139 to 22 1 abstention Senate May 10-12, 1949 votes : 127 to 13 Deposit of the instrument of ratification with the June 16, 1949 Department of State of the United States Sources Annales Parlementaires : Chambre des Repré­ sentants, May 3 and 4, 1949, No. 61 and 62 Senate : May 10, 11, 12, Nos. 66, 67, 68

CANADA

House of Commons March 28, 1949 Motion on the signature of the Treaty votes : 149 to 2 Ratification April 29, 1949 votes : unanimous Deposit of the instrument of ratification with the May 3, 1949 Department of State of the United States Sources Official Reports of Debates House of Commons — fifth session twentieth Parliament — Session 1949, volume III, pp. 2060-2104, 2680-2687, 2788-2797

14 DENMARK

Lower House : debates March 22-24, 1949 Appointment of an ad hoc committee March 23, 1949 Reporter : Mr. Bomholt Chairman : Mr. Gustav Pedersen votes : 119 to 23 March 24, 1949 Upper House : debates March 25, 1949 votes : 64 to 8 Deposit of the instrument of ratification with the , 1949 Department of State of the United States Sources Parliamentary debates — Folketinget March 22-24, 1949, Landstinget March 25, 1949

FRANCE

Reports of Commissions July 22, 1949 Reports by Mr. René Mayer for the Committee on Foreign Affairs and Mr. Pierre Montel for the Committee on National Defence of the National Assembly National Assembly : debates July 22-26, 1949 votes : 395 to 189 July 26, 1949 Council of the Republic : debates July 27-28, 1949 votes : 284 to 20 Deposit of the instrument of ratification with the Depart- August 24, 1949 ment of State of the United States Sources Journal Officiel — Assemblée Nationale, July 22-26, 1949 Journal Officiel — Conseil de la République, July 27-28, 1949 See also : Le Pacte de VAtlantique, paix ou guerre? (Paris, Presses Universitaires, 1952) Texts of the report presented by Mr. René Mayer to the Com­ mittee on Foreign Affairs and his opening speech before the Assembly

15 GERMANY (Federal Republic of) Bills Protocol on the ending of the occupation regime and the restoration of German sovereignty, October 23, 1954 Convention for the f uture stationing of foreign armed forces on Federal territory, October 23, 1954 Protocol of the accession to the Brussels Treaty and the North Atlantic Treaty, October 23, 1954 Agreements on the Status of the Saar, October 23, 1954 Report of the Commission Report of the Commission on Foreign Affairs presented by the general reporter Mr. Furler (CDU) and the reporters, Mr. Brandt (SPD) and Mr. Pfleiderer (FDP) Bundestag : debates First reading : December 15-16, 1954 Statement by Dr. Adenauer on government policy Second and third readings : -27, 1955 votes : Protocol on the ending of the occupation regime : 327 to 151 Convention on stationing of foreign forces on the territory of the Federal Republic 323 to 141 4 abstentions Articles 1, 2 and 3 of the Bill on the accession to the Brussels Treaty and the North Atlantic Treaty 315 to 153 9 abstentions Amendment to Article 4 of the above draft bill presented by the SPD : rejected by 309 votes to 163, 6 abstentions Signature by the President of the German Federal March 24, 1955 Republic Deposit of the instrument of ratification with the April 20, 1955 Department of State of the United States

16 Sources : Bills — Drucksache 1200 Debates — Deutscher Bundestag 61st sitting, pp. 3114-3168 62nd sitting, pp. 3177-3258 69th sitting, pp. 3511-3583, 3585-3661 70th sitting, pp. 3663-3746 71st sitting, pp. 3747-3858 72nd sitting, pp. 3880-3977

GREECE Chamber of Deputies votes : unanimity of those present , 1952 less 8 Sources Parliamentary Debates, Volume 2 1st session, period : October 10, 1951 to October 10, 1952, 46th sitting, February 18, 1952

ICELAND Parliament votes : 36 to 10 March 30, 1949 2 abstentions Signature by President Björnsson July 22, 1949 Deposit of the instrument of ratification with the , 1949 Department of State of the United States

ITALY

1. A c c e s s i o n t o t h e T r e a t y Chamber of Deputies : debates March 13-18, 1949 votes : 342 to 170 19 abstentions Senate : debates March 21-27, 1949

2. Ratification of the treaty Chamber of Deputies : debates July 14-21, 1949 Reporter of the majority : Mr. Ambrosini Reporter of the minority : Mr. Donati votes : 323 to 160 July 21, 1949 8 abstentions

17 Senate : debates July 26-30, 1949 Reporter of the majority : Mr. Jacini Reporter of the minority : Mr. Pastore votes : 175 to 81 1 abstention Deposit of the instrument of ratification August 24, 1949 with the Department of State of the United States Sources : Atti Parliamentari, Camera dei Deputati, July 14-21, 1949 and Senato della República, July 26-30, 1949

LUXEMBOURG Bill : Presented to the Council of State by Mr. Joseph April 29, 1949 Bech, Foreign Minister. Approved by the Council of State May 20, 1949 Report of the Central Section of the Chamber May 27, 1949 of Deputies under the Chairmanship of Mr. Emile Reuter Reporter : Mr. Ferdinand Loesch ’ Chamber of Deputies May 31, 1949 votes : 46 to 5 Deposit of the instrument of ratification June 27, 1949 with the Department of State of the United States Sources : Chamber of Deputies — Bill No. 266 and ordinary session 1948-1949 — Parliamentary Debates, May 31, 1949

NETHERLANDS Bill and Government principles Message of the Queen May 19, 1949 Provisional report by the Committee of Reporters July 5, 1949 and Reply by the Government July 8, 1949 Lower Chamber : debates July 15 and 19 votes : 65 to 7 July 19, 1949

18 Upper Chamber Provisional report by the Committee of Reporters July 29, 1949 Reply by the Government August 1, 1949 Debates , 1949 votes : 29 to 2 Sources : Session 1948-1949, Draft Bill 1237 and Parliamen­ tary Debates (Handelingen v.d. Staten Generaal) See also the book : The Quest for Security — Some Aspects of Netherlands Foreign Policy, by S.I.P. van Campen. The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1958, pp. 108-177

NORWAY Parliament March 22, 1949 votes : 130 to 13 Royal decree May 12, 1949 Deposit of the instrument of ratification July 18, 1949 with the Department of State of the United States

PORTUGAL National Assembly July 25 and 27, 1949 votes : 80 to 3 (the negative votes were cast in protest at Spain’s exclusion from the Treaty) Deposit of the instrument of ratification August 24, 1949 with the Department of State of the United States

TURKEY Chamber of Deputies February 18, 1952 vote : Unanimous

UNITED KINGDOM House of Commons : Debates May 12, 1949 votes : 333 to 6 House of Lords May 18, 1949 Deposit of the instrument of ratification June 7, 1949 with the Department of State of the United States Sources : Hansard Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, vol. 464, No. 115 House of Lords, May 18, 1949, H.M.S.O.

19 UNITED STATES Senate Messag e by President Harry S. Truman April 12, 1949 Report by the Secretary of State, Dean Acheson (See Chapter III — United States) Hearing before the Foreign Relations Committee; April 27 to statements by Dean A cheson and Warren Austin May 18, 1949 Report issued by the Senate Foreign Relations June 7, 1949 Committee analysing the text of the Treaty Debate in the Senat e July 8-21, 1949 vote : 82 to 13 Deposit of the instruments of ratification July 25, 1949 with the Department of State of the United States In accordance with the provisions of Article 11, the North Atlantic Treaty came into force on August 24, 1949

RATIFICATION OF NATO AGREEMENTS AND PROTOCOLS

Following are the dates of deposit of the instruments of ratification : 1. Agreement on the Status of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, National Representatives and International Staff Signed in Ottawa, September 20, 1951 Belgium February 18, 1955 Canada September 1, 1954 Denmark May 5, 1952 France January 20, 1955 Germany signed, May 29, 1956 ratified, July 25, 1958 Greece December 10, 1956 Iceland May 11, 1953 Italy March 8, 1955 Luxembourg July 23, 1953 Netherlands July 14, 1952 Norway , 1953 Portugal November 22, 1955 Turkey May 18, 1954 United Kingdom December 10, 1954 United States July 24, 1953 The Agreement on the Status of the International Staff came into force after ratification by six Powers.

20 2. Agreement between the parties to the North Atlantic Treaty regarding the status of their forces Signed in London, June 19, 1951 Belgium February 18, 1953 Canada , 1953 Denmark May 28, 1955 France September 29, 1952 Germany, ratification linked with the agreements of August 3, 1959, see p. 39 Greece July 26, 1954 Italy December 22, 1955 Luxembourg March 19, 1954 Netherlands November 18, 1953 Norway February 24, 1953 Portugal November 22, 1955 Turkey May 18, 1954 United Kingdom May 13, 1954 United States July 24, 1953 The Agreements on the Status of Forces came into force after ratification by four Powers. Signed in Paris, , 1954 3. Protocol on the Status of International Military Headquarters set up pursuant to the North Atlantic Treaty Signed in Paris, August 28, 1952 Belgium March 11, 1954 Denmark May 28, 1955 France January 20, 1955 Greece July 26, 1954 Iceland May 11, 1953 Italy December 22, 1955 Luxembourg July 23, 1954 Netherlands June 22, 1954 Norway February 24, 1953 Portugal November 22, 1955 Turkey May 15, 1954 United States July 24, 1953 The Protocol on the Status of International Military Headquarters came into force after its ratification by four Powers. 4 . Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the accession of GreeceTurkey and Signed in London, October 22, 1951 Belgium , 1952 Canada January 21, 1952 Denmark February 2, 1952 France February 14, 1952

21 Greece February 15, 1952 Iceland January 29, 1952 Italy February 15, 1952 Luxembourg February 5, 1952 Netherlands February 7, 1952 Norway January 24, 1952 Portugal February 8, 1952 Turkey February 15, 1952 United Kingdom January 6, 1952 United States , 1952 5. Ratification of the Paris Agreements including the Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the accession of Germany Belgium April 22, 1955 Canada April 29, 1955 Denmark April 23, 1955 France May 5, 1955 Germany April 20, 1955 Greece April 18, 1955 Iceland March 14, 1955 Italy April 20, 1955 Luxembourg May 3, 1955 Netherlands April 30, 1955 Norway April 18, 1955 Portugal April 26, 1955 Turkey March 8, 1955 United Kingdom May 5, 1955 United States April 20, 1955

APPENDIX List oj the Ministerial Meetings of the North Atlantic Council previous to and including the meeting of December 15, 1952 This list has been purposely ended at the meeting of December 15, 1952, which marked the changes introduced in the structure of the Atlantic Organization and initiated the present era by setting up the permanent headquarters in Paris Washington first session, September 17, 1949 Washington second session, November 18, 1949 Washington third session, January 6, 1950 London fourth session, May 15-18, 1950 New York fifth session, September 16-18, 1950 and September 26, 1950 Brussels sixth session, December 18-19, 1950 Ottawa seventh session, September 15-20, 1951 Rome eighth session, November 24-28, 1951 Lisbon ninth session, February 20-25, 1952 Paris tenth session, December 15-18, 1952

22 CHAPTER II INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS

A. NATO MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS 1. TREATY AND S UBSEQUENT ACCESS IONS Member States of the North Atlantic Treaty : Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States Signed on April 4, 1949 Source : NATO Handbook, 1963, pp. 10-14 Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the accession of Greece and Turkey Signed on October 22, 1951 Source : NATO — Facts about the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, pp. 201-202 Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the accession of the Federal Republic of Germany Signed on October 23, 1954 Source .NATO — Facts about the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, pp. 203-204 Resolution of the North Atlantic Council on implementation of Section IV of the Final Act of the London Conference Signed on October 23, 1954 Source : Paris Agreements, H.M.S.O., Cmnd 9304 and Documentation française, N.D. 1958 Resolution of Association with the Tripartite Declaration of October 3, 1954 Signed on October 23, 1954 Source : Paris Agreements, H.M.S.O. 9304 and Documentation française . N.D. 1958

2. AGREEMENT ON THE STATUS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION, NATIONAL REPRESENTATIVES, AND THE INTER­ NATIONAL STAFF AND PURSUANT AGREEMENTS Agreements on the Status of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, National Representatives, and the International Staff Signed in Ottawa on September 20, 1951 NATO, printed document, in-4°, 18 p. United States, TIAS 2992 (*)

* TIAS T reaties and other Internati onal Acts Series, issued singly in pamphlets by the Depart, ment of State.

23 Arrangement concl uded between the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization pursuant to Article 19 of the Agreement on the Status of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Signed by the Vice-Chairman, North Atlantic Council Deputies for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and by the U.S. Deputy Representative to the North Atlantic Council for the United States Signed in London on September 29, 1951 Entered into force on the same day United States, 5 UST 1087, TIAS 2992 Agreement concluded by the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization pursuant to Article 19 of the Agreement on the Status of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Signed by the Chairman of the North Atlantic Council and the U .S. Repre­ sentative to the North Atlantic Council for the United States Signed on July 23, 1958 NATO document

3. AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PARTIES TO THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ON THE STATUS OF THEIR FORCES AND PURSUANT AGREE­ MENTS Agreement between member States of the North Atlantic Treaty on the status of their forces Signed in London on June 19, 1951 NATO, printed document, in-4°, 35 p. United States, TIAS 2846 Agreement concluded by the United States and Canada relating to the application of the NATO Status of Forces Agreement to the U.S. forces in Canada, including those at the leased bases in Newfoundland, Goose Bay and Labrador Signed in Washington, April 28 and 30, 1952 Entered into force, September 27, 1953 United States, TIAS 3074 United Nations, 235 UNTS 269 (*) Canada, Treaty Series, 1952, No. 14 Agreement concluded between the United States and Turkey relating to imple­ mentation of the NATO Status of Forces Agreement of June 19, 1951 Signed in Ankara on June 23, 1954 United States, TIAS 3020 United Nations, 233 UNTS 189 Complementary agreement on paragraph 7 Signed on July 21, 1955 United States, TIAS 3337 United Nations, 233 UNTS 189

* UNTS: United Nations Treaties Series

24 Status of NATO forces stationed in Germany (Agreement of August 3, 1959) see p . 39

4.P ROTOCOL ON THE STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL MILITARY HEAD­ QUARTERS AND PURSUANT AGREEMENTS Protocol on the Status of International Military Headquarters Signed in Paris, on August 28, 1952 NATO printed document, in-4°, 15 p. United States, TIAS 2978 Agreement between the Government of the French Republic and the Supreme Allied Commander Europe regarding the special conditions of establishment and operation on French territory of the Supreme Headquarters Allied Pow ers Europe (SHAPE) and of the subordinate allied headquarters Signed in Paris on November 5, 1953 Entered into force January 24, 1955 France, Journal ojficiel, November 9, 1956 and Bulletin officiel du ministère de la Guerre, édition méthodique, No. 110, p. 37 Agreement concerning the employment by the International Military Head­ quarters of United States nationals Signed in Paris on , 1953 by the Secretary General, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, for the North Atlantic Council, and by the U.S. Representative to the North Atlantic Council for the United States Entered into force February 25, 1953 United States, TIAS 2978, 5 UST 870 Agreement concluded by the United States regarding the Headquarters of the Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic Signed in Washington on October 22, 1954 Operative April 10, 1954 United States, TIAS 3113 United Nations, 249 UNTS 175 Agreement between the Government of the Turkish Republic and the Supreme Allied Commander Europe Signed in Ankara on , 1956 Ratified by the Turkish Parliament on December 5, 1956 Turkey, Official Gazette, December 12, 1956 Agreement between the Government of the Italian Republic and the Supreme Commander Allied Forces Europe (SACEUR) regarding special conditions of establishment and operation on Italian territory of International Military Headquarters which are or might be located there Signed July 26, 1961 Italy, Tipografia riservata del Ministero degli Affari Esteri, Rome, 1961

25 5 . AGREEMENTS REGARDING NATO SUBSIDIARY ORGANIZATIONS Agreement concluded by the United States regarding the NATO Maintenance and Supply System. Sales on credit of military equipment and facilities Signed in Paris on June 22, 1959 United States, TIAS 4252 Agreement concluded by the United States regarding the NATO Maintenance and Supply System (NMSSS) * Signed by the Chairman of the Steering Committee of the NMSSS and the Defense Representative, North Atlantic and Mediterranean Area, of the United States Signed in Paris on March 3, 1960 NMSSS, NM/60 D/27 Agreement concluded between the Supreme Allied Command Europe (SHAPE) and the NATO Maintenance Supply Services Agency (NMSSA) regarding the supply and maintenance of the forward scatter system of the Allied Command in Europe Signed on , 1960 NMSSA, NM/60 6 D/43 Decree of June 26, 1961, by the Prime Minister and the Minister of the Armed Forces of France, regarding the status of personnel recruited in France for the NATO Maintenance Supply Services Agency

6. AGREEMENTS SIGNED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF NATO Agreement between the fifteen member countries for co-operation regarding atomic information Approved by the North Atlantic Council on April 13, 1955 Signed in Paris on June 22, 1955 Entered into force for the United States on March 29, 1956 United States 7 UST 397 and TIAS 3521 United Nations, 249 UNTS 3 Agreement concluded by the fifteen member countries for the mutual safeguard­ ing of secrecy of inventions relating to defense and for which applications for patents have been made Signed in the North Atlantic Council on September 21, 1960 Ent ered into force for the United States on January 12, 1961 United States, TIAS 4672 United Nations, 394 UNTS 3

26 B. MULTILATERAL AND BILATERAL AGREEMENTS RELATING TO WESTERN DEFENCE CONCLUDED BY THE MEMBER COUNTRIES OF NATO

This list has been drawn from the volume Treaties in Force, published by the United States Department of State, January 1, 1963, as well as from the documentation received from the delegations of NATO member countries. At the time of printing, however, we were still expecting further information. For clarity, we have presented the agreements concluded under the United States Mutual Assistance Program in a separate section at the end of the chapter

BELGIUM CANADA Transit and stationing Agreement betw een Belgium, Canada and the United Kingdom on transit and stationing in Belgium of Canadian forces Signed on March 30, 1953 Entered into force on July 29, 1953 Canada, Treaty Series, 1953, No. 15 Belgium, Moniteur beige, , 1953

FRANCE-LUXEMBOURG Internal defence of territory Protocol to agreement between Belgium, France and Luxembourg relating to internal defence of territory Signed on July 26, 1959

GERMANY (Federal Republic of) Status of NATO Forces in Germany, see p. 39

LUXEMBOURG Alarm system Agreement relating to an alarm system Signed and 21, 1955

27 UNITED KINGDOM

Base General convention relating to the establishment of a military base at Campine Signed in Brussels, November 12, 1952 United Kingdom, TS 79/1953, Cmnd. 9OOO Belgium, Moniteur beige, November 1, 1953

Payment of a debt for defence equipment Agreement and exchange of notes relating to payment of a debt by the United Kingdom to Belgium for defence equipment Signed in Paris, June 30, 1952 United Kingdom, 7’5’/1954, Cmnd. 9258

UNITED STATES

Atomic co-operation Agreement for cooperation on the use of atomic energy for mutual defense purposes Signed in Brussels, May 17, 1962 Entered into force September 5, 1962 United States, TIAS 5157

AGREEMENTS WITH THE UNITED STATES UNDER THE MUTUAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (see p. 54)

CANADA

UNITED STATES

a) Application of NATO Agreements Agreements pursuant to the Agreement on the status of NATO forces applicable to the United States forces stationed in Canada, Newfoundland, Goose Bay and Labrador, subject to other arrangements Exchange of notes on April 28 and 30, 1952 Entered into force on September 27, 1953 Canada, Treaty Series 1952, No. 14 United States, TIAS 3074 United Nations, 235 UNTS 269

28 Agreement regarding the application of the forces convention, the finance convention and the tax agreement to Canadian forces and their members stationed in the Federal Republic of Germany Exchange of notes in Bonn on April 19; 1955 and January 26, 1956 Canada, Treaty Series 1956, No. 26 United States, TIAS 3495 United Nations, 241 UNTS 115 Status of NATO forces in Germany (agreement of August 3, 1959), see p. 39

b) Atomic co-operation Agreement for co-operation regarding atomic information for mutual defence purposes Signed in Washington on June 15, 1955 Entered into force on July 22, 1955 Canada, Treaty Series, 1955, No. 16 United States, TIAS 3305 United Nations, 235 UNTS 201 Agreement for co-operation on uses of atomic energy for mutual defence purposes Signed in Washington on May 22, 1959 Entered into force on July 27, 1959 United States, TIAS 4271 Canada, Treaty Series, 1959, No. 16 United Nations, 354 UNTS 63 c) Joint Organization of Defence Declaration of the Prime Minister of Canada and the President of the United States of America regarding the establishing of a Permanent Joint Board on Defence Made in Ogdensburg, New York, , 1940 Canada, Treaty Series, 1940, No. 14 Protocol concerning the defence of Newfoundland Signed in London, March 27, 1941 United States, EAS 235 United States-Canadian Permanent Joint Board of Defence to continue collaboration for security purposes Announced in Ottawa and in Washington, , 1947 Canada, Treaty Series, 1947, No. 43

29 Agreement establishing a Joint Industrial Mobilization Committee Signed in Ottawa on April 12, 1949 Canada, Treaty Series, 1949, No. 8 United States, TIAS 1889 United Nations, 206 UNTS 241 Agreement relating to the organization and operation of the North American Air Defence Command-NORAD Exchange of notes in Washington on May 12, 1958 United States, TIAS 4031 Canada, Treaty Series, 1958, No. 9 United Nations, 316 UNTS 151 Agreement providing for the establishment of a Canada-United States Committee on Joint Defence Exchange of notes in Ottawa on and September 2, 1958 United States, TIAS 4098 Canada, Treaty Series, 1958, No. 22 United Nations, 335 UNTS 249 Exchange of notes concerning improvement of the air defence of the Canadian-U.S.A. region of NATO, the defence production sharing pro­ gramme of the two governments and the provision of assistance to certain other NATO governments Signed in Ottawa on June 12, 1961 United States, TIAS 4774 d) Bases and air facilities Agreement modifying the leased base agreement of March 27,1941, with the United Kingdom concerning bases in Canada (United Kingdom — EAS 235) Signed on March 19, 1952 United States, TIAS 2572 Canada, Treaty Series, 1952, No. 14 Agreement relating to the lease of certain land at the Canadian Air Force Station, Goose Bay, Newfoundland, to the United States, for military purposes Exchange of notes in Ottawa on December 5, 1952 United States, TIAS 2730 Canada, Treaty Series, 1952, No. 22 United Nations, 206 UNTS 11 Agreement relating to the construction of housing units at Pepperell Air Force Base Signed in Ottawa on April 18 and 19, 1956 United States, TIAS 3552 Canada, Treaty Series, 1956, No. 6 United Nations, 274 UNTS 3

30 Agreement relating to the establishment in Canada of aerial refuelling facilities Signed in Ottawa on June 20, 1958 United States, TIAS 4051 Canada, Treaty Series, 1958, No. 15 United Nations, 317 UNTS 37 Agreement relating to the establishment, maintenance and operation of short-range tactical air navigation (TACAN) facilities in Canada Signed in Ottawa on May 1, 1959 United States, TIAS 4218 Canada, Treaty Series, 1959, No. 10 extensions and amendments : September 19 and 23, 1961 (TIAS 4856) United Nations, 343 UNTS 27 e) Radar defence system Agreement relating to the extension and co-ordination of the continental radar defence system Exchange of notes in Washington on October 1, 1951 United States, TIAS 3049 Canada, Treaty Series, 1951, No. 31 United Nations, 233 UNTS 109 Agreements relating to the establishment and operation of certain radar stations in the Newfoundland-Labrador area Signed in Ottawa on June 13, 1955 United States, TIAS 3452 Canada, Treaty Series, 1955, No. 29 United Nations, 268 UNTS 87 and in British Columbia, Ontario and Nova Scotia : Signed in Ottawa on June 15, 1955 United States, TIAS 3453 Canada, Treaty Series, 1955, No. 30 Agreement relating to the extension and strengthening of the continental air defence system Exchange of notes in Ottawa, September 27, 1961 United States, TIAS 4859 Early warning system Agreement on the establishment and operation of a distant early warning system between the United States and Canada Exchange of notes, with annex, in Washington on May 5, 1955 United States, TIAS 3218 Canada, Treaty Series, 1955, No. 8 United Nations, 241 UNTS 179

31 Agreement relating to the establishment of a ballistic missile early warning system Signed in Ottawa on July 13, 1959 United States, TIAS 4264 Canada, Treaty Series, 1959, No. 12 United Nations, 353 UNTS 237 f) Communications Agreement relating to the construction and operation of communications facilities in the vicinity of Newfoundland Signed in Ottawa on November 4 and 8, 1952 United States, TIAS 2503 Canada, Treaty Series, 1952, No. 27 United Nations, 207 UNTS 3 Extensions and amendments : — May 1 and July 31, 1953 United States, TIAS 2810 Canada, Treaty Series, 1953, No. 25 United Nations 207 UNTS 10 — March 31 and June 8, 1955 United States, TIAS 3295 Canada, Treaty Series, 1955, No. 9 United Nations 247 UNTS 466 Agreement relating to communications facilities at Cape Dyer, Baffin Island, to^support the extensions of the distant early warning system Exchange of notes in Ottawa on April 13, 1959 Operative January 15, 1959 United States, TIAS 4208 Canada Treaty Series, 1959, No. 9 United Nations, 342 UNTS 43 g) Maritime matters Agreement relating to transfer to Canada of Loran stations at Port-aux- Basques, Bonavista and Battle Harbour, Newfoundland Signed in Ottawa on June 26 and 30, 1953 United States, TIAS 2865 Canada, Treaty Series, 1953, No. 12 United Nations 215 UNTS 1Ò3 Agreement relating to the construction and operation of a Loran station at Cape Christian, Baffin Island Exchange of notes in Ottawa on May 1 and 3, 1954 United States, TIAS 3019 Canada, Treaty Series, 1954, No. 6 United Nations, 221 UNTS 339

32 Agreement on the loan of a USS Burfish submarine to Canada by the United States Exchange of notes in Washington on July 20, August 23 and 31, 1960 United States, TIAS 4593 h) Pipelines United States-Canada Haines-Fairbanks Pipeline Agreement Exchange of notes in Ottawa, June 30, 1953 United States, TIAS 2875 United Nations, 206 UNTS 93 Agreement relating to the construction of a petroleum products pipeline between the United States Air Force dock at St. John’s, and Pepperell Air Force Base, Newfoundland, with annex Exchange of notes in Ottawa on September 22, 1955 United States, TIAS 3392 Canada, Treaty Series, 1955, No. 18 United Nations, 256 UNTS 221 Agreement for the construction on Canadian territory of three additional pumping stations on the Haines-Fairbanks pipeline Exchange of notes in Ottawa on April 19, 1962 United States, TIAS 5039 i) Disposal of surplus property Agreements relating to the disposal of United States surplus property in Canada Exchange of notes in Ottawa on August 28 and September 1, 1961 United States, TIAS 4841 j) Patents Agreement relating to the mutual interchange of patent rights in connection with RDX and other explosives Exchange of not es in Washington, September 3 and 27, 1946 United States, TIAS 1628 United Nations, 21 UNTS 3 k) Civil Defence Agreement relating to civil defence co-operation Exchange of notes in Washington, March 27, 1951 United States, TIAS 2227 United Nations, 131 UNTS 333

33 BILATERAL AGREEMENTS WITH: Belgium Denmark France Germany Netherlands Norway United Kingdom (see these countries)

AGREEMENTS WITH THE UNITED STATES FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION (see p. 54)

DENMARK CANADA Aircrew training for NATO Exchange of notes renewing, for a period of four years, the aircrew training agreement for NATO of April 17, 1957 Signed in Copenhagen, March 25, 1960 Canada, Treaty Series , 1960, No. 6

UNITED KINGDOM Convention on the status of forces Exchange of notes relating to the Convention on the Status of Forces Signed in Bonn, October 8, 1956 United Kingdom, TS 55/1956, Cmnd. 22

UNITED STATES Defence of Greenland Agreement for the defence of Greenland Signed in Copenhagen on April 27, 1951 United States, TIAS 2292 United Nations, 94 UNTS 35 Defence Projects Agreement establishing a consultative committee on Greenland defence projects Exchange of notes in Washington, December 2, 1960 United States, TIAS 4657

34 Shipbuilding Programme in Denmark Agreement relating to a shipbuilding programme in Denmark Exchange of notes in Copenhagen, May 8, 1959 United States, TIAS 4226 United Nations, 344 UNTS 185 Extensions and amendments : May 17, 1961 United States, TIAS 4761

AGREEMENTS WITH THE UNITED STATES UNDER THE MUTUAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (see p. 54)

FRANCE

BELGIUM AND LUXEMBOURG Defence of territory Protocol of agreement for co-operation between the three countries for internal defence Signed July 25, 1959

GERMANY (Federal Republic of) Bonn Convention see Germany p. 37 London and Paris Agreements — p. 38 Status of the Canadian forces in Germany — p. 38 Status of NATO forces in Germany (Agreement of August 3, 1959) p. 39

Logistics and training of forces Agreement relating to logistics and training of German forces Signed October 25, 1960 France, Communiqué of the Foreign Ministry

Armament Production Agreement relating to the production of a supersonic vertical take-off aircraft Signed December 20, 1960 France, Communiqué of the Defence Ministry

35 NETHERLANDS Stationing of forces Agreements relating to the stationing of Netherlands forces in France Signed June 10, 1959 and June 15, 1960 Netherlands, Tractatenblad, 1959, No. 141

UNITED STATES Atomic co-operation Agreement for co-operation on uses of atomic energy for mutual defence purposes Signed in Washington on May 7, 1959 Entered into force on July 20, 1959 United States, TIAS 4268 France, Communiqué of the Foreign Ministry, May 8, 1959 United Nations, 354 UNTS 83 Agreement for co-operation in the operation of atomic weapons systems for mutual defence purposes Signed in Paris, July 27, 1961 Entered into force on October 9, 1961 United States, TIAS 4867 Telecommunications Agreement relating to the establishment of an armed forces radio network in Metropolitan France Exchange of notes in Paris and September 6, 1956 with related note of September 6, 1957 United States, TIAS 4092 United Nations, 335 UNTS 173 Extensions and amendments : Signed July 7 and 18, 1958 — TIAS 4092 United Nations, 335 UNTS 182 Assistance to Allied armies in France Installation of a communication line across France Signed on November 6, 1950 France, Bulletin officiel du ministère de la Guerre, édition méthodique, No. 110-1, p. 120 Facilities for the operation of this line Signed on December 14, 1950 France, Bulletin officiel du ministère de la Guerre, édition méthodique, No. 110-1, p. 131

36 Rules of procedure for the Franco-American Board of Payments Signed on December 30, 1950 France, Bulletin officiel du ministère de la Guerre, édition méthodique, No. 110-1, p. 138 Use of French state forests by the forces of the United States Signed on October 22, 1953 France, Bulletin officiel du ministère de la Guerre, édition méthodique, No. 110-1, p. 215 Status of personnel recruited for the Allied forces in France France, Bulletin officiel du ministère de la Guerre, édition méthodique, June 1, 1956 No. 110-1, p. 238 February 15, 1960 No. 7. Partie permanente January 3, 1961 No. 38. Partie permanente Rules regarding contracts and railway transportation France, Bulletin officiel du ministère de la Guerre, édition méthodique, No. 110-1, pp. 282-347 NATO Agreement pursuant to the Protocol on the Status of International Military Headquarters - Agreement between the government of the French Republic and the Supreme Allied Command in Europe regarding special conditions for the setting up and operation of Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) and subordinate headquarters on French metropolitan territory Signed on November 5, 1953 Ratified by France on December 13, 1954 France, Law 54-1195, December 13, 1954 Journal officiel, December 4, 1954

AGREEMENTS WITH THE UNITED STATES UNDER THE MUTUAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (see p. 54)

GERMANY (Federal Republic of) a) MULTILA TERAL AGREEMENTS

1) BONN CONVENTIONS Convention on relations between the Three Powers and the Federal Republic of Germany, and related conventions Signed in Bonn on May 26, 1952 France, Recueil de textes issued by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 181 p.

37 2) LONDON AND PARIS AGREEMENTS

a ) Signed in London on October 3, 1954 United Kingdom, H.M.S.O., Cmnd. 9289 France, Documentation française, N.D. No. 0116 b) Signed in Paris on October 24, 1954 United Kingdom, H.M.S.O., Cmnd. 9304 France, Documentation française, N.D. No. 1958

3) AGREEMENTS PURSUANT TO THE CONVENTIONS RELATING TO FORCES STATIONED IN GERMANY

(The Bonn Convention of May 26, 1952, amended by the Paris Agreements of October 23, 1954) Bilateral agreements or exchanges of notes between United States, Canada, United Kingdom, France, Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany, pursuant to these conventions

British Forces : Exchange of notes between the United Kingdom and the Federal Republic of Germany relating to the disbandment of certain civilian services of the British forces Signed in Bonn on April 11, 1957 United Kingdom, TS 53/1957, Cmnd. 226 Exchange of notes between the United Kingdom and the Federal Republic of Germany (cost of maintenance of the British forces) Signed in Bonn on June 7, 1957 United Kingdom, Germany No. 4/1957, Cmnd. 256 and Signed in Paris on October 3, 1958 United Kingdom, Germany No. 2/1958, Cmnd. 588

Canadian Forces : Exchange of notes between Canada and the United States Signed in Bonn on April 19, 1955 and January 26, 1956 Canada, Treaty Series, 1956, No. 26 United States, TIAS 3495 Exchange of notes between Canada and France Signed in Bonn on April 19, 1955 and January 26, 1956 Canada, Treaty Series, 1956, No. 26

38 1

Exchange of notes between Canada and the United Kingdom Signed on April 19, 1955 and January 9, 1956 Canada, Treaty Series, 1956, No. 26

Netherlands Forces : Exchange of notes between the Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany (cost of maintenance of the Dutch forces) Signed on July 10, 1957 Netherlands, Tractatenblad, 1957, No. 231 Netherlands, Tractatenblad, 1959, No. 79 Exchange of notes between the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (relating to the Bonn Convention) Signed on June 11, 1956 Netherlands, Tractatenblad, 1956, No. 124 — — 1957, No. 229 — — 1958, No. 64

United States Forces : Exchange of notes between the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany (cost of maintenance of the United States forces) Signed in Bonn on June 7, 1957 Extensions and amendments on July 9 and 23, 1958 Entered into force on May 12, 1959 United States, TIAS 4237

4) AGREEMENTS PURSUANT TO THE LONDON AGREEMENT ON THE STATUS OF NATO FORCES

The German Federal Republic became a party to the London Agreement by the North Atlantic Council Resolution of October 5, 1955, subject to the conclusion of further agreements. In consequence, a series of complementary agreements were signed by all the powers having forces stationed on Federal territory : Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom and the United States These agreements include, in particular, the agreement relating to the London Agreement, the agreement abrogating the Bonn Conventions (signa­ tories : France, Germany, United Kingdom and the United States) and a series of complementary arrangements. Signed in Bonn, August 3, 1959 Entered into force for Germany, July 1st, 1963 United Kingdom, H.M.S.O., Cmnd. 852, Misc. No. 12 (1959) Germany, Bundesdruckerei, Bonn 11480 8 59 (trilingual text)

39 b) BILATERAL AGREEMENTS CANADA Purchase o f F. 86 aircraft Exchange of notes concerning the contract for the purchase of F. 86 aircraft and the training of German aircrew in Canada Signed in Bonn on September 17 and December 10, 1956 Entered into force on December 10, 1956 Canada, Treaty Series, 1956, No. 21

NETHERLANDS Reparations for damage Exchange of notes relating to reparations for damage caused by Dutch military units stationed in Germany Signed on January 29, 1957 Netherlands, Tractatenblad, 1957, No. 230 — — 1958, No. 44 — — 1958, No. 134 Extension of the operational paragraphs : Signed on January 13 and 31, 1958 Netherlands, Tractatenblad, 1958, No. 44

Maintenance cost of the Dutch forces Exchange of notes relating to German contribution to the maintenance cost of Dutch military units stationed in Germany Signed on July 10, 1957 Netherlands, Tractatenblad, 1957, No. 231 — — 1959, No. 79 NORWAY Military equipment Agreement related to the delivery of armament spare parts Signed on October 30, 1957

UNITED KINGDOM Bases Exchange of notes Signed in Bonn on September 9, 1952 United Kingdom, TS 59/1952, Cmnd. 8684 Exchange of notes Signed in Bonn on October 15 and 18, 1954 United Kingdom, TS 15/1955, Cmnd. 9392

40 Exchange of notes Signed in Bonn on May 22 and 31, 1957 United Kingdom, TS 55/1957, Cmnd. 244

Convention on Foreign Forces stationed in Germany Exchange of notes relating to the Convention on Foreign Forces (Bonn Convention amended by the Paris Agreements) Signed in Bonn April 11, 1957 United Kingdom, TS 53/1957, Cmnd. 226

Maintenance cost of British Forces stationed in Germany Exchange of notes relating to the maintenance cost of British forces stationed in Germany Signed in Bonn on June 7, 1957 United Kingdom, Germany No. 4/1957, Cmnd. 256 Signed in Paris on October 3, 1958 United Kingdom, Germany No. 2/1958, Cmnd. 588

UNITED STATES

Agreement pursuant to the Forces Convention Agreement relating to the disbandment of the German element of the Civilian Service Organization under the Forces Convention Exchange of notes in Bonn on April 11, 1957 United States, TIAS 3815

Atomic co-operation Agreement for co-operation in the use of atomic energy for defence purposes Signed in Bonn on May 5, 1959 Entered into force on July 27, 1959 United States, TIAS 4276

Maintenance cost of the United States forces Agreement providing for a voluntary contribution to costs resulting from the maintenance of U.S. Forces in the Federal Republic, pursuant to Article 3 of the North Atlantic Treaty Exchange of notes in Bonn on June 7, 1957 Entered into force on May 12, 1959 extension and amendments : Signed on July 9 and 23, 1958 United States, TIAS 4237

41

i Loan of Naval Vessels Agreement relating to the loan of certain naval vessels or small craft to the Federal Republic of Germany Signed on April 30 and May 1, 1957 United States, TIAS 4125 United N ations, 284 UNTS 85 Amendment : Signed October 1 and 15, 1958 United States, TIAS 4125 United Nations, 336 UNTS 402

AGREEMENTS WITH THE UNITED STATES UNDER THE MUTUAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (see p. 54)

GREECE UNITED STATES Atomic Co-operation Agreement on co-operation in the use of atomic energy for mutual defence purposes Exchange of notes in Athens on May 6, 1959 United States, TIAS 4292 United Nations, 357 UNTS 163 Training of Naval Forces Agreement relating to the use of certain Greek islands for training exercises by Marine units of the United States fleet in the Mediterranean Exchange of notes in Athens on February 11 and 21, 1949 United States, TIAS 1972 United Nations, 88 UNTS 29 Loan of vessels Agreement relating to the loan of vessels to Greece Exchange of notes in Athens, July 26 and , 1957 United States, TIAS 3887 United Nations 290 UNTS 167 Extensions and amendments : December 15, 1958 and January 15, 1959, TIAS AWè and 357 UNTS 281 , 1959, TIAS 4308 and 357 UNTS 288 September 21 and November 9, 1961, TIAS 4880

AGREEMENTS WITH THE UNITED STATES UNDER THE MUTUAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (see p. 54) I

ICELAND UNITED STATES Defence Defence Agreement pursuant to the North Atlantic Treaty Signed at Reykjavik on May 5, 1951 United States, TIAS 2266 United Nations, 205 UNTS 173 Annex on the status of United States personnel and property Signed in Reykjavik on May 8, 1951 United States, TIAS 2295 United Nations, 205 UNTS 180 Telecommunications Agreement relating to the registration with the International Frequency Registration Board of radio frequencies for the use of the Icelandic defence force Exchange of note in Reykjavik on July 11 and 20, 1955 United States, TIAS 3395 United Nations, 256 UNTS 245

AGREEMENTS WITH THE UNITED STATES UNDER THE MUTUAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (see p. 54)

ITALY UNITED STATES Atomic co-operation Agreement for co-operation on use of atomic energy for mutual defence purposes Signed in Rome on December 3, 1960 Entered into force on May 24, 1961 United States, TIAS 4764

Loan of submarines Agreements relating to the loan of submarines to Italy by the United States Exchange of notes in Washington on April 27, 1954 United States, TIAS 3124, and August 18, 1959, TIAS 4365 United Nations 234 UNTS 103 and 361 UNTS 11

43 Extensions and amendments : January 29, 1960 United States, TIAS 4418 United Nations, 371 UNTS 295

AGREEMENTS WITH THE UNITED STATES UNDER THE MUTUAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (see p. 54)

LUXEMBOURG BELGIUM Alarm network Agreement relating to an alarm network Signed February 19 and 21, 1955

BELGIUM-FRANCE Defence Protocol of co-operation agreement for the internal defence of the territory Signed July 25, 1959

UNITED STATES Telecommunications Agreement on the installation of a radio station in Luxembourg Signed , 1953 United States, TIAS 3056 United Nations, 234 UNTS 219

AGREEMENTS WITH THE UNITED STATES UNDER THE MUTUAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (see p. 54)

NETHERLANDS CANADA NATO Aircrew Training in Canada Exchange of notes relating to the extension of the NATO aircrew training programme Signed in The Hague on April 12 and 13, 1957 Canada, Treaty Series, 1957, No. 16 UNTS 316, 223

44 GERMANY (Federal Republic of) Reparation for damage Exchange of notes relating to reparation for damage caused by Netherlands military units stationed in Germany Signed January 29, 1957 Netherlands, Tractatenblad, 1957, No. 230 — — 1958, No. 44 — — 1958, No. 134 Extension of the operational paragraphs of the above-mentioned notes of January 29, 1957 Signed January 13 and 31, 1958 Netherlands, Tractatenblad, 1958, No. 44

Maintenance costs Exchange of notes relating to the German contribution to the cost of maintenance of Netherlands units stationed in Germany Signed July 10, 1957 Netherlands, Tractatenblad, 1957, No. 231 — — 1959, No. 79

Status of NATO forces in Germany, see p. 000

FRANCE Stationing of forces Agreements relating to the stationing of Netherlands forces in France Signed June 10, 1959 and June 15, 1960 Netherlands, Tractatenblad, 1959, No. 141

UNITED KINGDOM Stationing of forces in Germany Exchange of notes relating to the Bonn Convention on the rights and obligations of foreign forces stationed in the Federal Republic of Germany (May 26, 1952, amended October 23, 1954, in Paris) Signed June 11 and 13, 1956 Netherlands, Tractatenblad, 1956, No. 124 United Kingdom, TS 45/1956, Cmnd. 9872 Extension of this agreement : Signed in Bonn on June 7, 1957 Netherlands, Tractatenblad, 1957, No. 229 United Kingdom, TS 17/1958, Cmnd. 413

45 UNITED STATES Atomic co-operation Agreement on co-operation in the use of atomic energy for mutual defence purposes Signed in The Hague on May 6, 1959 Entered into force on July 27, 1959 United States, TIAS 4277 Netherlands, Tractatenblad, 1959, No. 53 United Nations, 355 UNTS 327

Stationing of forces Agreement relating to the stationing of United States armed forces in the Netherlands, with annex Exchange of notes in The Hague on , 1954 Entered into force on November 16, 1954 United States, TIAS 3174 United Nations, 251 UNTS 91

AGREEMENTS WITH THE UNITED STATES UNDER THE MUTUAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (see p. 54)

NORWAY CANADA Loan of vessels Agreements relating to the loan by the Canadian Government of three Prestonian class frigates Signed in Ottawa on December 20, 1955 Canada, Treaty Series, 1955, No. 25 transfer of these frigates to Norway Signed in on July 1, 1958 Canada, Treaty Series, 1958, No. 17

Aircrew Training for NATO Exchange of notes providing for the continuation, for a period of three years, of Canada’s NATO air training programme in respect of aircrew trainees Signed in Oslo on April 17, 1957 Canada, Treaty Series, 1957, No. 17

46 Extension of this programme for a four year period Signed in Oslo on April 6, 1960

Information on defence Exchange of notes relating to the exchange of information on defence Signed in Oslo on May 24, 1960 Canada, Treaty Series, 1960, N o. 11

GERMANY (Federal Republic of) Armament Agreement relating to armament spare-parts Signed on October 30, 1957

UNITED STATES Loan of vessels Agreement relating to the loan of a sea-plane tender to Norway Exchange of notes in Oslo, April 17 and May 8, 1958 United States, TIAS 4064 United Nations, 317 UNTS 320

Shipbuilding Agreements relating to a shipbuilding programme for the Norwegian Navy Exchange of notes in Oslo on July 6, 1960 United States, TIAS 4522 United Nations, 378 UNTS 25 Exchange of notes in Oslo on November 29, 1960 United States, TIAS 4681

AGREEMENTS WITH THE UNITED STATES UNDER THE MUTUAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (see p. 54)

PORTUGAL UNITED STATES Air transit Agreement relating to air transit facilities in the Azores Signed on February 2, 1948 United States, TIAS 2351 United Nations, 174 UNTS 191

47 Defence Defence agreement Signed in Lisabon on September 6, 1951 United States, TIAS 3087 United N ations, 237 UNTS 217 Extension and amendments : Signed November 15, 1957 United States, TIAS 3950 United Nations, 303 UNTS 354

Loan of vessels Agreement relating to the loan, by the United States, of two destroyer escort vessels to Portugal Exchange of notes in Lisabon on November 7, 1956 United States, TIAS 3681 United Nations, 277 UNTS 133 Extension : March 8 and July 27, 1962 United States, TIAS 5141

AGREEMENTS WITH THE UNITED STATES UNDER THE MUTUAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (see p. 54)

TURKEY NATO Agreement between the Government of the Turkish Republic and the Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) Signed in Ankara, February 22, 1956 Ratified by the Turkish Parliament on December 5, 1956 Turkey, Gazette officielle , December 12, 1956

UNITED KINGDOM Sale of destroyers Exchange of notes relating to the sale of destroyers to Turkey Signed in Istanbul and Ankara on , 1957 United Kingdom, TS 61/1957, Cmnd. 260 Amendment : Signed in Ankara on January 12, 1959 LTnited Kingdom, TS 42/1959, Cmnd. 751

48 UNITED STATES

Atomic Co-operation Agreement for co-operation on the use of atomic energy for mutual defence purposes Exchange of notes in Ankara on May 5, 1959 Entered into force on July 27, 1959 United States, TIAS 4278 United Nations, 355 UNTS 341

Status oj Forces Agreement relating to the implementation of the NATO agreement on status of forces of June 19, 1951, with two minutes of understanding Signed in Ankara on June 23, 1954 United States, TIAS 3020 United Nations, 233 UNTS 189 Amendment of the minute of understanding relating to paragraph 7 Exchange of notes in Ankara on April 22 and July 21, 1955 Entered into force on July 21, 1955 United States, TIAS 3337 United Nations, 265 UNTS 189

Defence Agreement of co-operation in defence Signed in Ankara on March 5, 1959 United States, TIAS 4191 United Nations, 327 UNTS 293

Modem Weapons Agreement relating to the introduction of modern weapons into NATO defence forces in Turkey Exchange of notes in Ankara on September 18 and October 28, 1959 United States, TIAS 4350 United Nations, 360 UNTS 265

Telecommunications Agreement on the establishment of facilities for repairing and rebuilding M-12 range-finders in Turkey Exchange of notes in Ankara on November 30, 1959 United States, TIAS 4372 United Nations, 361 UNTS 107

49 Maritime matters Agreement relating to the loan of two United States submarines to T urkey Exchange of notes in Ankara on and July 1, 1954 United States, TIAS 2042 United Nations, 234 UNTS 147 Extensions and amendments : Signed on August 28, 1959, TIAS 4309 and 357 UNTS 386 Agreement relating to the loan of vessels to Turkey Exchange of notes in Ankara on October 14, 1958 United States, TIAS 4117 United Nations, 336 UNTS 145

AGREEMENTS WTIH THE UNITED STATES UNDER THE MUTUAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (see p. 54)

UNITED KINGDOM

GERMANY (Federal Republic of) Bonn Conventions See Germany, p. 37 London and Paris Agreements — p. 38 Status of Canadian Forces in Germany — p. 38 Status of British Forces in Germany — p. 38 Status of NATO Forces in Germany — p. 39

UNITED STATES Air and naval bases a) Signed September 2, 1940 United States, EAS 181 b) Signed March 27, 1941 United States, EAS 235 Protocol regarding Newfoundland, March 27, 1941 United States, EAS 235 Extensions and amendments : (to agreement under (6)) — to Articles IV and V I: Signed August 1, 1950 United States, TIAS 2105 (provisions relating to territories of the Federation of the West Indies superseded by an agreement of , 1961 United States, TIAS 4734)

50 Atomic co-operation Agreement for co-operation in the civil and military use of atomic energy Signed on June 15, 1955 Entered into force on July 21, 1955 United States, TIAS 3322 United Kingdom, TS 52/1955, Cmnd. 9555 United Nations, 214 UNTS 301 Agreement for co-operation in the use of atomic energy for mutual defence Signed on July, 3, 1958 Entered into force on , 1958 United States, TIAS 4078 United Nations, 326 UNTS 3 Extensions and amendments : Signed on May 7, 1959 United States, TIAS 4267 United Nations, 351 UNTS 458

Guided missiles Agreement relating to the Bahamas Long Range Proving Ground Signed on July, 21, 1950 United States, TIAS 2099 United Kingdom, TS 13/1950, Cmnd. 7894 United Nations, 97 UNTS 193 Agreement regarding the establishment by the United States of a high altitude interceptor range in connection with the operation of the Bahamas Long Range Proving Ground Signed March 2, 1953 United States, TIAS 2789 United Kingdom, TS 42/1953, Cmnd. 8881 United Nations, 172 UNTS 257 Agreement relating to the extension of the Bahamas Long Range Proving Ground by the establishment of additional sites in Ascension Island Signed in Washington on June 25, 1956 United States, TIAS 3603 United Kingdom, TS 25/1956, Cmnd. 9810 United Nations, 249 UNTS 91 Agreement on administrative matters connected with the above-mentioned agreement of June 25, 1956 Signed on , 1959 United States, TIAS 1453 United Kingdom, TS 77/1959, Cmnd. 867 United Nations, 351 UNTS 438

51 Agreement amending the “Bahamas Long Range Proving Ground” agree­ ment (TIAS 2099) by extending the flight testing range Exchange of notes in Washington on April 1, 1957 United States, TIAS 3803 United Kingdom, TS 62/1957, Cmnd. 266 United Nations, 288 UNTS 364 Agreement relating to the supply by the United States of Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBM), to the United Kingdom, with memo­ randum Exchange of notes in Washington on February 22, 1958 United States, TIAS 3990 United Kingdom, TS 14/1958, Cmnd. 406 United Nations, 307 UNTS 207 Agreement for the sale by the United States of Polaris missiles to Great Britain United Kingdom, H.M.S.O. Cmnd 1995, April 9, 1963

Telecommunications Agreement concerning the establishment in the Bahama Islands of a long- range aid to navigation station Signed on June 24, 1960 United States, TIAS 4502 Agreement relating to the establishment and operation of a ballistic early warning station at Fylingsdales Moor, with memorandum Exchange of notes in London, February 15, 1960 United States, TIAS 4425 United Kingdom, TS 24/1960, Cmnd. 1034 United Nations, 371 UNTS 45 Agreement on the setting up of a missile defence alarm system station in the United Kingdom, with memorandum Exchange of notes in London on July 18, 1961 United States, TIAS 4809

Oceanographic research stations Agreement relating to the establishment of oceanographic research stations in the Bahama Islands : Signed November 1, 1957 United States, TIAS 3927 Extensions and amendments : signed May 12, 1960 United States, TIAS 4479 United Nations, 299 UNTS 167

52 Agreement relating to the rights of the United Kingdom in connection with the use of oceanographic research stations and parts of the Long Range Proving Ground which are now to be operated under the agreement of February 10, 1961, concerning U.S. defence areas in the Federation of the West Indies Exchange of notes in Port of Spain, February 10, 1961 United States, TIAS 4735 Agreements with : Belgium Denmark Germany (Federal Republic of) Netherlands Turkey see these countries

AGREEMENTS WITH THE UNITED STATES UNDER THE MUTUAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (see p. 54)

53 UNITED STATES MILITARY ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (MAP) a) AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED UNDER THE MILITARY ASSISTANCE P ROGRAM The Mutual Defense Assistance Act, mutual defence law for military aid from the United States to the signatory governments of the North Atlantic Treaty, was promulgated on October 6, 1949 (Documentation française, Recueils et monographies No. 25, p. 97, and United States, Public Law 329, 81st Congress). The Mutual Security Act was subject to annual revisions, the most important of which was the 1954 amendment, until it was replaced by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (Public Law 87-195, 87th Congress, September 4, 1961). The reader will find general information in the following manual : Military Assistance Program — Information and Guidance, 7th edition, , published by the United States Armed Forces Evaluation Division, Assistant for Mutual Security, Deputy Chief of Staff, (S. and L. Headquarters), and detailed figures of M.A.P. deliveries and expenditures, by country, in the Foreign Operations Appro­ priations for 1964, Part 2, Washington, U .S. Government Printing Office, 1963, pp. 576-578. The following table indicates the principal international agreements in force on January 1, 1963, relevant to the Military Assistance Program and to other ques­ tions of mutual security. The date and number of each agreement can be found in Treaties and Other International Act Series ( T.J.A.S.), published in separate brochures by the Department of State. At the head of each column are the broad categories into which these agreements are classed. Mutual defense Mutual Defense Agreements Military Aid Mutual Defense Assistance Agreements Required Assurances Agreements relating to the assurances required under the Mutual Security Act of 1951 Facilities Assistance Program Facilities Assistance Agreements Offshore Procurements Offshore Procurement Agreements Return of Equipment Agreements for the return of military equipment MA AG (Military Assistance Agreements allowing members of the Land, Advisory Group) Naval and Air Force Missions to act as an Advisory Group for military assistance and agreements relating to military missions MSMS (Mutual Security Mutual Security Military Sales Military Sales) The agreements listed under the column “Other Agreements” are related to mutual security. The dates listed are those on which the agreements came into force.

54 I

Military Assistance Assurances required Country Date (1) TIAS (2) Nat. Ref. (3) Date TIAS Nat. Ref.

Belgium March 30, 1950 2010 Mon. b. Oct. 20, Jan. 7, 1952 2601 Oct. 14, 1953 2878* 1951 April 4, 1955 3223* May 24, 1955 Aug. 24, 1955 3407* Sept. 3, 1955 April 15, 1957 3822* May 9, 1957 Oct. 27, 1959 4373* Dec. 1, 1959

Denmark Jan. 27, 1950 2011 Jan. 8, 1952 2605

France Jan. 27, 1950 2012 J. O. April 8, Jan. 5, 1952 2606 1950

Germany Dec. 27, 1955 3443 Dec. 28, 1951 2607

Greece June 20, 1947 1625 Jan. 7, 1952 2608

Iceland Jan. 8, 1952 2609

Italy Jan. 27, 1950 2013 Jan. 7, 1952 2611

Luxembourg March 28, 1950 2014 Jan. 8, 1952 2614 Oct. 27, 1959 4347 Oct. 31, 1959

Netherlands Jan. 27, 1950 2015 Tract. 1952/19 Jan. 8, 1952 2615 Tract. 1952/22

Norway Feb. 24, 1950 2016 Jan. 8, 1952 2616 Aug. 7-15, 1962 5144

Portugal Jan. 5, 1951 2187 Jan. 8, 1952 2618

Turkey July 12, 1947 1629 Jan. 7, 1952 2621

United Jan. 27, 1950 2017 TS 13/1950 Jan. 8, 1952 2622 Kingdom Feb. 22, 1958 3990 Cmnd. 7894

* Extensions and amendments. (1) Dates of entry into force. (2) TIAS : Treaties and other Internationa l Act Series (United States). (3) Nat. Ref. Other national references : M on. b. : Moniteur belge (Belgium). J.O . : Journal Officiel (France). T ract. : Tractatenblad (Netherlands). TS. : Treaty Series (United Kingdom).

55 II

Facilities Assistance Offshore Procu rement Country Date TIAS Nat. Ref. Date TIAS Nat. Ref.

Belgium Nov. 23, 1954 3102 June 18, 1953 2760 July 22, 1954 3000 Nov. 19, 1953 3001* 1 May 13, 1954 3085* July 13, 1954 | Denmark June 8, 1954 3987

France Sept. 23, 1957 3914

Germany Feb. 7, 1957 3755 Feb. 7, 1957 3804

Greece May 27, 1955 3256 Dec. 4, 1952 2738 July 30, 1954 3034 Oct. 14, 1954 3173* Nov. 12, 1954

¡Iceland

Italy June 24, 1954 3110 March 31,1954 3083 July 16, 1958 4194

Luxembourg Sept. 30, 1955 3415 Sept. 30. 1955 3416 May 10, 1954 3416* July 16, 1954

Netherlands July 1, 1955 3258 Tract. 1955/57 July 30, 1954 3069 Tract. and 115 1954/73 and 208

Norway May 7, 1954 2973

Portugal

Turkey April 25, 1955 3243 June 29, 1955 3372

United June 15, 1954 2998 Kingdom June 27, 1955 3259 Feb. 3, 1959 Feb. 13, 1959 4174

56 Ill

Return of Equipment MAAG Country Date TIAS Nat. Ref. Date TIAS

Belgium March 10, 1955 3182 Mon. b. April 10, 1955 July 7, 1961 4830

Denma rk April 28, 1952 2726 Dec. 12,1956 4002 ♦Sept. 12, 1960 4570

Franc e Sept. 23, 1955 344 0

Germany Dec. 27, 1955 3444 March 9, 1961 4703 May 25, 1962 5092

Greece Jan. 7, 1952 2537

Iceland

Italy Dec. 14, 1951 3136

Luxembourg Sept. 7, 1954 3029 March 4 and 4583 June 10, 1960

Netherlands Nov. 12-26, 1953 4556 Aug. 10-13, 1960 4556

Norway Dec. 28, 1950 3467 April 13, 1954 2950 June 26, 1953 3468 Sept. 1,1960 and 4695 Jan. 14, 1961

Portugal July 9, 1952 2674 Sept. 15, 1960 4590

Turkey May 26, 1955 3275

United Kingdom May 13, 1957 3843 TS 47/1957, Cmnd. 198 Dec. 30, 1958 4156* TS 30/1959, Cmnd. 714 Nov. 7-10,1961 4895*

57 IV

MSMS Patents Int erchange Country Date TIAS Date TIAS Nat. Ref.

Belgium Oct. 12, 1954 3093 Mon. b. March 24, Reciprocal filing 1955 May 18, 1960 4488

Denmark Feb. 19, 1960 4423 Reciprocal filing June 20, 1960 4521

France Jan. 30, 1958 3980 March 12. 1957 3782 J.O. July 24, 1957 Dec. 20,1961 4914 Reciprocal filing July 10, 1959 4386

Germany Nov. 23,1953 2911 Jan. 4, 1956 3478 Reciprocal filing Oct. 8,1956 3660 May 26, 1959 4369 June 15 and 4599 Oct. 24, 1960 Nov. 24, 1961 4903

Greece May 16, 1955 3286 Reciprocal filing April 26, 1960 4476

Iceland Oct. 12, 1954 3157

Italy Oct. 3, 1952 4693 Reciprocal filing Oct. 27, 1959 4693 April 29 and 4693 ,1960 4693

Luxembourg

Netherlands July 13, 1955 3287 Tract. 1955/59 and Reciprocal filing 102 Oct. 8, 1959 4332

Norway April 6, 1955 3226 Reciprocal filing Jan. 17, 1959 4187 April 25 and 4552 Aug. 12, 1960

Portugal Oct. 31, 1960 4608

Turkey April 2, 1957 3809 Reciprocal filing Sept. 16, 1959 4456

United Kingdom Jan. 19, 1953 2773 1

58 V

Tax Exemption Weapons Production Country Date TIAS Date TIAS

Belgium April 7, 1952 2719 Aprii 22, 1960 4472

Denmark April 7-9, 1952 2546 Aprii 12, 1960 4484

France Nov. 27, 1956 3712* Sept. 19, 1960 4611

Germany Oct. 15, 1954 3360 Mat 27, 1960 4504

Greece Feb. 4, 1953 2775 Feb. 15, 1950 4500 June 3, 1960

Iceland March 8, 1952 2557

Italy March 5, 1952 2566 July 7, 1960 4538

Luxembourg March 13, 1952 2538

Netherlands Exchange of notes 4692 March 24, 1960 entered into force Jan. 2, 1962

Norway June 27, 1952 2720 Feb. 13, 1960 4569 Aprii 26 and 4569 Sept. 16, 1960

Portugal April 1, 1953 2784 Sept. 26, 1960 4594

Turkey June 23, 1954 2996 March 2, 1960 4465

United Kingdom March 18, 1952 2559

59 VI

Other Agreements Country Date TIAS Nat. Ref. Nature of Agreements

Belgium

Denmark

France Oct. 28, 1958 4140 Transfer of special tools under the MDA

Germany Dec. 12, 1956 3753 Training of German Army person­ nel Dec. 12, 1956 3754 Training of German Navy person­ nel Dec. 10,1957 3968 Transfer of air bases at Landsberg, Kaufbeuren and Fürstenfeld­ bruck, and the air depot at Erding

Greece Oct. 12, 1953 2868 Military facilities Sept. 7, 1956 3649 Status of United States forces in Greece June 27,1955 3368 Importation of goods for American personnel

Iceland Dec. 4-10, 1954 3157 Sale of certain military equipment, materials and services

Italy July 8, 1955 3381 Facilities for overhaul and repair of jet engines in Torino June 22, 1957 3850 Transfer of surplus military pro­ perty and attached reimburse­ 1 ment contract

Luxembourg

Netherlands Dec. 14, 1954 3236 Tract. 1955/1 Establishment of Air Defence and 36 Technical Centre (4) Tract. 1956/42

Norway

Portugal

| Turkey

United | Kingdom

(4) This agreement was modified by a contract signed on November 23, 1960 between RVOTNO and NATO.

60 b) ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AGREEMENTS

Treaties and other Interna­ tional Country Agreements (a) Signature Act Series, Extensions and Amendments (b) Entry into force Department of State of the United States TIAS

Belgium Agreements: (a) July 2, 1948 1781 (b) July 29, 1948 1781 Extensions and Amendments:November 22 and 29, 1948 1906 June 29, 1950 2093 September 10, 1951 2334 December 11, 1952 and 2790 March 5, 1953

Canada Agreements (economic co­ (a) October 26, 1950 operation for defence) (b) October 26,1950 2136

Denmark Agreements: (a) June 29, 1948 (b) July 2, 1948 1782 Extensions and Amendments:November 4 and 18, 1948 1904 February 7, 1950 2022 February 2 and 9, 1951 2218 November 24, 1952 2713

France Agreement: (a) June 28, 1948 (b) July 10, 1948 1783 Extensions and Amendments:September 21 and October 8, 1948 1897 November 17 and 20, 1948 1897 January 9, 1950 2023 May 22, 1951 2264 September 25 and 27, 1951 2359 September 11, 1953 2859

Germany Agreements: (a) December 15, 1949 2024 (b) February 6, 1950 Extensions and Amendments: and March 28, 1951 2278 November 14 and December 30, 2736 1952

Greece Agreements: (a) July 2, 1948 (b) July 3, 1948 1786 Extensions and Amendments:December 15 and 24, 1949 2025 March 6 and 20, 1951 2238 October 14, 1952 and December 2, 3139 1953

61 Treaties and Other Interna­ tional Agreements (a) Signature Act Series, Country Extensions and Amendments (b) Entry into force Department of State of the United States TIAS

Iceland Agreements: (a) July 3, 1948 (b) July 3, 1948 1787 Extensions and Amendments:February 7, 1950 2026 , 1951 2284 October 9,1952 and October 1,1953 2910 Special economic assistanceJune 23, 1959 4260 on a loan basis Assistance grant in supportDecember of 30, 1960 4647 Iceland's economic stabi­ lization program

Italy Agreements: (a) June 28, 1948 (b) June 28, 1948 1789 Extensions and Amendments:September 28 and October 2,1948 1917 February 7, 1950 2028 May 21, 1951 2263 Agreement (use of counter­ January 13, 1955 2769 part funds... Trieste) February 11, 1955 3195

Luxembourg Agreements: (a) July 3, 1948 (b) July 3, 1948 1790 Extensions and Amendments:November 17 and December 22, 1948 1903 January 17 and 19, 1950 2030 August 30 and October 17, 1951 2342 December 31, 1952 and , 1953 2780

Netherlands Agreements: (a) July 2, 1948 (b) July 2, 1948 1791 Extensions and Amendments:January 16 and February 2, 1950 2126 March 7 and April 3, 1951 2285 November 28, 1952 2721

Norway Agreements: (a) July 3, 1948 (b) July 3, 1948 1792 Extensions and Amendments:January 17,1950 2032 July 5, 1951 2276 January 8, 1953 2767

Portugal Agreements: (a) September 28, 1948 (b) September 28, 1948 1819 Extensions and Amendments:February 14, 1950 2033 May 17, 1951 2279 March 9 and 18, 1953 2801

62 Treaties and Other Interna­ tional Country Agreements (a) Signature Act Series, Extensions and Amendments (b) Entry into force Department of State of the United States TIAS

Turkey Agreements: (a) July 4, 1948 (b) July 13, 1948 1794 Extensions and Amendments:January 31, 1950 2037 August 16, 1951 2392 December 30, 1952 2742

United Kingdom Agreements: (a) July 6, 1948 (b) July 6, 1948 1795 Extensions and Amendments:January 3, 1950 2036 May 25, 1951 2277 February 25, 1953 2815 and 2816

63

CHAPTER III

ORGANIZATION Structure, activities, achievements

A OFFTrTAT PTTFtT TrATTONS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION

1. INTERNATIONAL STAFF

INFORMATION SERVICE (see the pamphlet Information Materials, 1963)

Aspects o f NATO A series of pamphlets on various activities of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Issued so far : AGARD in Science and Defence NATO’s Military Development Political Consultation Defence Production and Infrastructure Pipelines for Nato NATO and Economic Problems Scientific Co-operation The Importance of Civil Emergency Planning Air Space Co-ordination Analysis and Text of the North Atlantic Treaty NATO Defence College English, French, German, Greek, Italian and Norwegian editions

Biographies Biographies of official NATO and member country personalities English and French editions

65

3 NA T O — Facts about the North Atlantic Treaty Organization A work of reference for lecturers on the historical, structural and opera­ tional aspects of NATO. It includes 21 Appendices (texts of agreements, communiqués, and a chronology covering the period 1945-1961 Published by the NATO Information Service, 1962, 320 p. English, French, German editions and special issue of the Italian review Relazioni Internazionali

N A T O M ap A coloured map showing the NATO area, size 17" X 12". English, French and German editions

I sm a y , Lord 1. NATO : The First Five Years, 1949-1954 Paris, (out of stock) 280 p. This work recalls the history of NATO and describes the operation and achievements of the Organization during the first five years of its existence English, French and Turkish editions, and special issue of the Italian review Relazioni Internazionali 2. NATO : April 1952-April 1957 Text of Lord Ismay’s report to the Ministerial Meeting of the North Atlantic Council, Bonn, May 1957 English and French editions

NATO Letter — periodical Monthly editions : English, French, German, Italian, Dutch Quarterly editions : Danish, Greek, Turkish Special issues : — The Paris Agreements, October, 1954 •— Non-Military Co-operation in N A T O , January, 1957 (Text of the report of the Committee of Three) — Ten Years of Atlantic Co-operation 1949-1959, English and French editions — The Quiet Revolution — A reprint of a series of six articles by Mr. J. Marion Jones, Pr. A. Briggs, Pr. J. B. Duroselle, Ambassador R. Ducci, Pr. F. Castberg, Pr. G. Daskalakis

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO Handbook) 1963 edition This booklet describes briefly the history, structure and achievements of NATO Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Norwegian and Turkish editions

66 NA T O , Insurance for P eace Folder. Aims and achievements of NATO Danish, Dutch, English, French, Greek, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese and Turkish editions

S p a a k , Paul-Henri 1. Why NATO? This study, published on the occasion of the Tenth Anniversary of the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty, recalls the events and ideas which led to the creation of the Atlantic Alliance and which have influenced its actions Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Turkish and Spanish editions

Non-Military Co-operation in NATO The Report of the Committee of Three Text of the Report of the Committee of Three Ministers, adopted by the North Atlantic Council in December, 1956, 15 p. English and French editions

Vigilance, the Price of Liberty An illustrated booklet in colour, 24 p . Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Italian and Turkish editions

NATO and Youth A pamphlet

PRESS SERVICE Press Releases

TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION NATO Self Help Guide NATO, 1963, 38 p. A pamphlet published by the Civil Emergency Planning Committee English and French editions

General guidance for NATO Groups of Experts, NATO, 1955, 9 p.

Glossary of Ammunition Terms NATO, 1957, 81 p.

67 NATO Codification System Technical Secretariat on Codification, NATO, 1960, 9 p. M anual o f D ecisions and R ecommendations. Panel on Codification of Equipment Technical Secretariat on Codification of Equipment NATO, 1961, English and French editions

2. A T L ANTIC COMMAND (SACLANT) The Allied Command Atlantic o f the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Pamphlet published by SACLANT Information Division, Norfolk 11, Virginia, 16 p.

3. AD VISORY GROUP FO R AERONAUTICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOP­ MEN T (AGARD ) For all publications apply AGARD Office, 64, rue de Varenne, Paris-7e AGARD General Information, 1963. An information booklet on AGARD activities, including a list of the Group’s publications, 38 p. Multilingual Aeronautical Dictionary London, Pergamon Press, 1960, not paginated

4. TRAINING CENTRE FOR EXPERIMENTAL AERODYNAMICS Training Centre for Experimental Aerodynamics Illustrated pamphlet, 10 p., and a supplement to the pamphlet Review, ,

5. NATO DEFENCE COLLEGE

NATO Defence College, pamphlet History and activities of the NATO Defence College

6. SU P REME HEADQUARTERS ALLIED POWERS EUROPE (SHAPE) Emergency War Surgery Handbook SHAPE, 1957, 244 p. French edition : Manuel de chirurgie de guerre d’urgence OTAN Paris, Imprimerie Nationale, 1962, 335 p.

68 B. NATIONAL PUBLICATIONS (OFFICIAL AND UNOFFICIAL)

This section, although incomplete, is intended to provide the main sources of documentation in each NATO member country. Unfortunately, at the time of going to press, the Documentation Section was not in possession of all the necessary information. All NATO publications are issued in the two official languages of the Organization, English and French. Certain of these publications exist in the languages of the other NATO member countries (Danish, Dutch, German, Greek, Italian, Norwegian and Turkish) and are issued either by the official national services or by national voluntary organizations belonging to the Atlantic Treaty Association (see Chapter VIII: A.T.A.)

BELGIUM

LIBRARIES

Service de la Bibliothèque des Affaires étrangères, 32, rue Charles-Martel, Brussels Bibliothèque du Parlement, Brussels Bibliothèque de l’institut belge de Science politique, 43, avenue des Champs-Elysées, Brussels 5

NATO PUBLICATIONS

French edition of all publications

DISTRIBUTION OF NATO PUBLICATIONS

Comité belgo-européen pour la Communauté Atlantique : see Chapter VIII : A.T.A.

CANADA

LIBRARIES

Ministry of External Affairs, Ottawa Library of Parliament Parliament Building, Ottawa Canadian Institute of International Affairs, 230 Bloor Street West,

69 DISTRIBUTION OF NATO PUBLICATIONS Information Division, Ministry of External Affairs, Ottawa and Canadian Atlantic Co-ordinating Committee (see Chapter VIII : A.T.A.)

NATO PUBLICATIONS English and French editions of all publications

A — OFFICIAL DOCUMENTATION MINISTRY OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS PUBLICATIONS These publications are distributed by the Information Division of the Ministry of External Affairs, or offered for sale by the Queen's Print, Ottawa a) Statements and Speeches Series Speeches by Mr. Lester B. Pearson, in^the House of Commons, March 25, 1954, No. 54/18, and A? Step nearer an Atlantic C ommunity, address given at th e opening of the NATO Ministerial Meeting in Ottawa, May 22,1963, (see also the NATO Speech series Nos. 19, 61, 70, 77 and 85) Speeches made by Mr. Paul Martin, NATO in Canadian Foreign P olicy, Ottawa, April 12, 1957, No. 57/24 A Milestone in Atlantic Partnership. Ottawa, House of Commons, May 27, 1963 Speech made by Mr. Sidney Smith, Canada in N A T O , May 27, 1958, No. 58/19 Speech made by Mr. George R. Pearkes, N A T O and North Am erican D efence, New York, April 29, 1958, No. 58/15 Speeches made by Mr. J. G. Diefenbaker, The North Atlantic Community, Canadian Broadcasting Company (CBC), April 3, 1959, No. 59/17 Canada’s Defence Policy. House of Commons, January 25, 1963, No. 63/6 Speeches made by Mr. Howard Green A Canadian view on NATO, North Atlantic Council, October 28, 1959, No. 59/38 NATO at Istanbul. House of Commons, 9th May, 1960, No. 60/16

70 NATO’s most harmonious meeting, House of Commons, December 17, 1962, No. 62/17 An Era of Far- reaching Change, House of Commons, January 24, 1963, No. 63/4

b) Pamphlets Ministry of External Affairs, Ottawa NATO Bibliography Spring 1954 and addendum

Ministry of External Affairs, Ottawa Comment fonction ne l’OTAN? Pamphlet, 1958, 8 p.

c) Periodicals Bulletin of External Affairs (monthly) published by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Current Affairs, Review for Canadian Armed Forces, published by the Ministry of Defence

B — UNOFFICIAL DOCUMENTATION

a) Pamphlets published by the Canadian Institute of International Affairs Series : Behind the Headlines

B u c h a n , Alastair NATO Today The Ryerson Press, Toronto, 1959, 20 p.

M inifie , James M. American Foreign Policy, Ice Moving Out? Vol. XIX, October, 1959, No. 4

M ikesell, Raymond and W elles A. Donald The Soviet Economic Offensive Report published under the auspices of the Canadian Institute of Foreign Affairs Vol. XIX, November, 1959, No. 5

Craig, G. M . Electing an American Government Vol. XIX, January, 1960, No. 6

71 D eu tsc h , Harold C. New crisis on Berlin Vol. XIX, May, 1959, No. 2, 17 p.

D ENMARK DISTRIBUTION OF NATO PUBLICATIONS The Danish Atlantic Association (Atlantsammenslutningen) Forchhammersvej 13, Copenhagen, 5

NATO PUBLICATIONS Danish edition : NATO Letter : NATO N yt, quarterly — folder : NATO — Insurance for Peace — Illustrated pamphlet : Vigilance, the price of Liberty — Pamphlets : Aspects of NATO

OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS Ministry of Foreign Affairs Le Danemark dans l’OTAN, September 1953, 12 p.

Reske-Nielsen, Erik and K r a g h , Erik Atlantpagten og Danmark, 1957 Published under the auspices of the Press Service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 196 p.

UNOFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS Facts about the Second International Study Conference (on the Atlantic Community), 1953, 89 p.; pamphlet published by the Danish Society for the Atlantic Pact and Democracy

FRANCE LIBRARIES Bibliothèque de l’Assemblée Nationale 2, rue de Bourgogne, Paris Bibliothèque de Documentation internationale contemporaine 5, rue Auguste-Vacquerie, Paris Fondation des Sciences politiques 27, rue Saint-Guillaume, Paris Centre de Politique étrangère 54, rue de Varenne, Paris

DISTRIBUTION OF NATO PUBLICATIONS NATO Information Service in liaison with the official French services

72 OFFICIAL NATIONAL PUBLICATIONS 1. La Documentation française , Présidence du Conseil, Secrétariat général du Gouvernement, Direction de la Documentation, 14, rue Lord-Byron, Paris-8e Ail official texts concerning NATO are published regularly by La Docu­ mentation française. Only those documents dealing with th e origin of the Organization are mentioned here, as all texts subsequent to the setting up of NATO are published in French by the NATO Information Service Documents dealing with the preparation of the Atlantic Pact Notes et études documentaires No. 1.090, lOth March, 1949 Documents dealing with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Notes et études documentaires No. 1.5O3, 11th July, 1951 R ecueils et monographies No. 25 A collection of texts dealing with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 1948-1953

M a ig r et , F. L’OTAN Les Cahiers français , , No. 2 A brief account of the history, structure and operation of NATO, including a paragraph entitled : « La France dans l’OTAN »

2. Bulletin officiel du ministère de la Guerre L ’organisation militaire Atlantique Texts dealing with French participation in NATO and Fra nco-Ameri- can bilateral arrangements Bulletin officiel du ministère de la Guerre, Édition méthodique Droit international, No. 110-1 Charles-Lavauzelle, Paris, 1956

G E R M A N Y (Federal Republic of)

LIBRARIES Presse und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung Bonn Answärtiges Amt Library Wörtherstr. 3, Bonn

DISTRIBUTION OF NATO PUBLICATIONS Presse und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung Welckerstrasse 11 Bonn

73 NATO PUBLICATIONS German edition : NATO Facts about the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza­ tion — NATO Handbook — Current Topics pamphlets — NATO and the Trade Unions — Why NATO? by Mr. Paul-Henri Spaak — Map of Military Commands — Committee of Three Report : Non Military Co-operation in NATO — NATO Letter (NATO Brief) — Aspects of NATO pamphlets

PAMPHLETS

B o rc h , Herbert vo n Die Struktur der Atlantischen Gemeinschaft Munich, Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, 1953, 67 p .

W a n k e , Dr. Walter Die aussermilitärische Zusammenarbeit der NATO — Staaten published by Europäische Wehrkunde GMBH, Munich, 64 p.

M eyer-Detring, Wilhelm Als Deutscher bei der NATO Verlag für Wehrwesen Bernard & Graefe, Frankfurt-on-Main, I960, 125 p. A small pamphlet on Allied Forces : their strength, ranks and uniforms

Schild der Freiheit Athenäum Verlag, Junker & Dünnhaupt, Bonn, 96 p. A collection of photographs

NATO. — Die Atlantische Gemeinschaft — Ein Bündnis für den Frieden Pamphlet published by the Pressbüro Waldemar Schweitzer, Stuttgart, 1959, 119 p., table, map.

M eyers , Franz NATO, Politik, Wirtschaft, Technik, Kultur Verlag Staat und Gesellschaft, Bonn, 1960, 22 p.

NATO Uniforms Herausgegeben von Oberstleutnant Herbert Pfeill Bad Godesberg, Hohwacht Verlag, 1962, 77 p.

BOOKS ON NATO See Chapter X

74 GREECE

LIBRARIES Library of Parliament, Parliament House, Old Royal Palace, Athens National Library, Akademias Street, Athens Gennadios Library, Kolonaki, Athens American Library (contemporary history), Athens

DISTRIBUTION OF NATO PUBLICATIONS Hellenic Atlantic Treaty Association, 29, Avenue El. Venizelos, Athens 1 National Information Service, Athens

NATO PUBLICATIONS Greek edition NATO Handbook — Folder : NATO, Insurance for Peace — NATO Letter (Quarterly), Deltion NATO — Pamphlet : Vigilance, the Price of Liberty — Aspects of NATO pamphlets

ICELAN D DISTRIBUTION OF NATO PUBLICATIONS Association for Western Co-operation, Tjarnagata 16, Reykjavik

PAMPHLETS C hristensen , Ch. A. R., Atlantshafs Bandalagid Reykjavik, 1959, 56 p.

ITALY Società Italiana per la Organizzazione Internazionale Via S. Marco 3, Rome Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale Via Clerici 5, Milan

DISTRIBUTION OF NATO PUBLICATIONS Italian Atlantic Committee, Palazzo Firenze 27, Piazza di Firenze, Rome NATO PUBLICATIONS Italian edition : NATO Handbook — NATO Letter (Notizie NATO) — Pamphlet : NATO and the Trade Unions — Why NATO? by Mr. Paul-Henri Spaak — Pamphlet : Vigilance, the Price of Liberty — Aspects of NATO pamphlets

PAMPHLETS La NATO : i suoi scopi e le sue attività A 34 page pamphlet published on the occasion of the seventh anni­ versary of NATO, 1956

Z ellerbach , J. D. Il posto dell’Italia nell’Alleanze Atlantica United States Information Service 1958

Nel decimo anniversario della NATO 1949-1959 published by the Information Service of the présidence du Conseil des ministres

Special edition on the 10th Anniversary of NATO, Relazioni Internazionali, Milan, April 4, 1959, Anno XXIII, No. 14 See also A.T.A. (Chapter VIII)

N A T O . D ocumentazione sull’Organizzazione del Tratto dell’Atlantico del Nord Prefazione di Dirk U. Stikker Special Supplement of the review Relazioni Intemazionali, Milan, November 24, 1962, 106 p. Translated from the book Facts about NATO, Paris, NATO, 1962

LUXEMBOURG DISTRIBUTION OF NATO PUBLICATIONS The Luxembourg Atlantic Association, see Chapter VIII : A.T.A.

NETHERLANDS LIBRARIES Library of the Palace of Peace, Carnegieplein 2, The Hague Royal Library Lange Voorhout 34, The Hague

76 Ministry of Foreign Affairs Library, Casuariestraat 16, The Hague

The Royal N etherlands Association “Our Army”, 47 de Laressestraat, Amsterdam

DISTRIBUTION OF NATO PUBLICATIONS The Netherlands Atlantic Committee, see Chapter VIII : A.T.A.

NATO PUBLICATIONS Dutch edition : The NATO Handbook — Folder : NATO, Insurance for Peace — NATO and the Trade Unions pamphlet — Why NATO? by Mr. Paul-Henri S pa ak

UNOFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS S p its, F . C. Atlantis de wereld na de oorlog Assen, Van Gorcum, 1960, 82 p.

V a n Ca m pe n , S. I. P. The Quest for Security. Some Aspects of Netherlands Foreign Policy, 1945-1950 The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1958, xv-308 p.

NORWAY

LIBRARIES Foreign Affairs Library, Oslo

DISTRIBUTION OF NATO PUBLICATIONS Information Service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Norwegian Atlantic Committee (see Chapter VIII : A.T.A.)

NATO PUBLICATIONS Norwegian edition : The NATO Handbook — Folder : NATO, Insurance for Peace — Why NATO ? by Mr. Paul-Henri Spaak — Aspects of NATO pamphlets

77 UNOFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS Hva er NATO Published by the Norge og det Nordatlantiske Fellesforsvaret, 1952

NATO — Atlanterhavspaktens Organisasjon Utgitt av Forsvarets Pressetjeneste, June, 1954, 36 p.

Atlanterhavspakten og dens Organisasjon, NATO Utgitt av Folk og Forsvar, Oslo, three parts, 1956, 1958

G reve , Tim 1. A Key to Norwegian Foreign Policy Published by the Workers Educational Association, 1959, 29 p. (see Chapter Norway and NATO, pp. 6-19) 2. Norway and NATO, Oslo University Press, 1959, 31 p.

BOOKS See Chapter X

PORTUGAL OFFICIAL INFORMATION SERVICE Information Secretariat, Lisbon

DISTRIBUTION OF NATO PUBLICATIONS The Portuguese Atlantic Committee, see Chapter VIII, A.T.A.

NATO PUBLICATIONS Portuguese edition of the folder NATO, Insurance for Peace

PAMPHLET OTAN ou Pacto do Atlantico Lisbon, Information Secretariat, 1954, 63 p.

TURKEY NATO PUBLICATIONS Turkish edition : The NATO Handbook — Folder : NATO, Insurance for Peace — Why NATO? by Mr. Paul-Henri Spaak Pamphlet : Vigilance, the Price of Liberty — NATO Letter : NATO Dergisi (quarterly)

78 DISTRIBUTION OF NATO PUBLICATIONS Department of NATO Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ankara Institute of International Relations, Political Science Faculty, University of Ankara (See Chapter VIII : A.T.A.) PUBLICATIONS ISSUED BY THE INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS See Chapter VIII : A.T.A. p. 180.

UNITED KINGDOM LIBRARIES Foreign Office Library, Cornwall House, Stamford Street, London, S .E.l Library of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, (Chatham House), 10, St. James’s Square, London, S .W.l

OFFICIAL SALES SERVICE Her Majesty’s Stationery Office (H.M.S.O.), York House, Kingsway, London, W .C.2

DISTRIBUTION OF NATO PUBLICATIONS Central Office of Information (C.O.I.) Hercules Road, Westminster Bridge Road, London, S.E.l and The British Atlantic Committee (See Chapter V III: A.T.A.)

OFFICIAL PAMPHLETS Her Majesty's Stationery Office (H.M.S.O.) Events Leading up to the Signature of the North Atlantic Treaty, May 11 , 1949, Cmnd. 7692 Collective Defence under the Brussels and North Atlantic Treaties, February 1950, Cmnd. 7883 London Conferences : Tripartite talks between the Foreign Ministers of the United States, the United Kingdom and France, 11th and 13th May, 1950. Fourth Session of the North Atlantic Council, 15th and 18th May, 1950, Cmnd. 7977 The System of Command established within NATO, April, 1951, Cmnd. 8214 A lliance for Peace: First Years of NATO, 1954 (2/-), 36 p.

79 Central Office of Information (C.O.I.) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization No. R. 3851, September 1958, 48 p. Western Co-operation in Brief, , 36 p.

UNOFFICIAL DOCUMENTATION

1. Series : British Survey, published by the British Society for international Understanding, Benjamin Franklin House, 36, Craven Street, London, W.C.2

NATO, special number, September, 1956

N o r st a d , General Lauris The Present Position of the Allied Forces in Europe, September, 1957

E p p ste in, John NATO, Past, Present and Future, January, 1959

Canada’s Place in the Atlantic Community 1956, No. 142

Popular Series : A series of pamphlets giving the main historical and geographical data as well as the political and economic situation of the NATO member countries

NATO 1949-1959 No. 176, April 1959, 21 p.

Germany’s Place in Europe May 1958, 24 p.

2. Friends o f Atlantic Union : Roxburghe House, 273, Regent Street, London, W.l

D ea n , Marjorie Economic Ties in the Free World 1953, 48 p.

M eade , Professor J. E. The Atlantic Community and the Dollar Gap, 36 p.

80 M c L a c h la n , Donald and De Freitas, Geoffrey NATO is not Enough — Two Approaches to an Atlantic Assembly 1956, 28 p.

W a r b u r t o n , Anne M. and W o o d, John B. Paying for NATO, 46 p.

W a r d , Barbara Britain’s Interest in Atlantic Union 1953, 32 p.

3. Army League The British Army in the Nuclear Age Report prepared by a Study Group on the present and future role of the British Army in the light of progress in the development of nuclear arms. Rapporteur: Mr. Richard G o old-A dams Pam phlet: 64 p., published by the Army League Stella Press, Barnet, Herts. 1959 Books on NATO, See Chapter X

UNITED STATES LIBRARIES Library of the Department of State, State Annex No. 1, Washington, D .C. Library of Congress, First Street, S.E., Washington, D.C. City of New York Public Library, 42nd and 5th Avenue, New York, 18, N.Y.

OFFICIAL SALES SERVICE Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, North Capitol H. Street, N.W., Washington 25, D .C. DISTRIBUTION OF NATO PUBLICATIONS Distribution : Planning Office of Media Services, Department of State, Washington 25, D.C. and the Atlantic Council of the United States, Inc. (See Chapter VIII : A.T.A.)

81 A — OFFICIAL DOCUMENTATION : UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE*

a) Congress Documents Message from the President of the United States forwarding the text of the North Atlantic Treaty to the Senate, April 12, 1949 Report by Secretary of State Dean Acheson, 7th April, 1949, attached to the text of the North Atlantic Treaty, 81st Congress, 1st Session, Senate, Executive L Documents relating to the N orth Atlantic Treaty, Document No. 48, 81st Congress, 1st Session, April 12, 1949 Hearings before Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, 81st Congress, 1st Session, April 27, 1949 — 11th May, 1949. Parts I and II Report of Committee on Foreign Relations on the North Atlantic Treaty 81st Congress, 1st Session : Executive Report No. 8, June 6, 1949 Basic Information on the Implementation of the North Atlantic Treaty Committee print : Committee on Foreign Relations and Committee on Armed Services of the Senate. 82nd Congress, 1st Session, February 15, 1951 Background Information on the Use of U.S. Armed Forces in Foreign Countries House Report 127, February 20, 1951 Assignment of Ground Forces of the United States to duty in the European Area Report of Committee on Foreign Relations and Committee on Armed Services : Report No. 175, 82nd Congress, 1st Session, March 14, 1951 Hearing before Senate Foreign Relations and Armed Services Committee on Assignment of Ground Forces of U.S. to duty in the European Area, 82nd Congress, 1st Session : February-April, 1951 United States Congress Resolution on the Creation of an Atlantic Con­ vention 1) Senate Congress, Resolution 17, 19th March, 1959, 86th Congress, 1st Session 2) House of Representatives, Resolution No. 107, 108 and related Senate Joint Resolution 170, 17 March, 1960 86th Congress, 2nd Session

* Only the documents dealing with the origin of the Organization are mentioned here, as al l texts subsequent to the setting up of NATO are published in English by the NATO Information Service.

82 Letter transmitting a report of the activities of the United States Citizens Commission on NATO, which includes the Declaration of Paris and Resol­ utions adopted by the Atlantic Convention of NATO Nations. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1962, 84 pages (87th Congress, 2nd Session — House Document No. 433) Problems and Trends in Atlantic Partnership, I, September 14, 1962 — Senate, 87th Congress, Document No. 132. II, June 17, 1963 — Senate, 88th Congress, Document No. 21 U.S. Government Printing Office, 1963 Two staff studies prepared for the use of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations b) Department of State Documents North Atlantic Pact, Collective Defence and Preservation of Peace, Security and Freedom in the North Atlantic Community Department of State Publication 3462, March 1949. The United Nations and the North Atlantic Pact Reproduced from Department of State Bulletin, Publication 3463, March 1949 The North Atlantic Treaty : Proposed for signature during first week in April, 1949 Department of State Publication 3464, March 1949 Unity of Purpose Urged for Security of North Atlantic Area Report by General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Allied Commander, to the members of Congress, February 1, 1951 Department of State Publication 4129, March 1951 c) United States Information Services (U.S.I.S) Amitié Atlantique A selection of texts and photographs on the NATO member countries, 1957 ' France, Facts and Figures Pamphlet published by the United States Embassy in Paris, 1959 d) United States European Command L’OTAN en France Pamphlet, 2nd quarter 1957 L’OTAN, Sécurité, Prospérité Pamphlet, April 1959 Le Monde de l’OTAN Pamphlet, 1961

83 e) Defense Department. Publications for the use of the Armed Forces in Europe Pamphlets : A Pocket Guide to : The Low Countries, 31st August, 1956 — — Italy, 10th January, 1956 — — Germany, 6th April, 1956 — — Turkey, 11th June, 1953 — — Northeast to the Arctic (Iceland-Greenland)

f) United States Army Europe Information Bulletin Our NATO Allies, France Pamphlet, 1956

B — UNOFFICIAL DOCUMENTATION

Pamphlets and reports prepared by various research and study centres

G eiger , Theodore and Cle v e la n d , H. van B. Making Western Europe Defensible Planning pamphlet No. 74, published by the National Planning Association, August 1951, 85 p.

Military Policy Papers Washington Center of Foreign Policy Research, 1958

Worldwide and Domestic Economic Problems and their Impact on the Foreign Policy of the United States Study prepared by the Corporation for Economic and Industrial Research, Inc., for the Senate Foreign Affairs Commission U .S. Government Printing Office, Washington, No. 1,

Report by the Special Commission, headed by Mr. William D r a p e r , forwarded to Congress by President Eisenhower, 20th August, 1959. This report deals with the need to maintain an appropriate level of military aid by the United States to her Allies NATO Letter, Vol. 7, No. 9, September, 1959

Western Europe Report prepared by the Foreign Policy Research Institute of the Uni­ versity of Pennsylvania on United States Policy in Europe for the use of the Senate Foreign Affairs Commission This report was presented on 15th October, 1959, by Senator J. W. F u lb r ig h t , Chairman of the Commission, 95 p. (See also resumé of the report given in the weekly U.S. News and World Report, 26th October, 1959, p. 88)

84 Basic Aims of United States Foreign Policy Study prepared by the Council on Foreign Relations at the request of the Senate Foreign Affairs Commission. (86th Congress, 1st Session, Committee Print No. 7, 25th November, 1959) Report prepared by the Foreign Policy Center of the John Hopkins Uni­ versity, Washington, for the use of the Senate Foreign Affairs Commission This report studies the latest progress achieved in military technique and the consequences for United States strategy and Foreign Policy 6th December, 1959, 120 p. Reports prepared by the Special Studies Commissions of the Rockefeller Foundation on the problems of United States Defence and Foreign Policy : International Security, the Military Aspect This report was drafted by Panel II under the direction of Professor Kissinger. It appeared in the February-March number of the magazine The American Abroad, February-March, 1958 The Mid-Century Challenge to U.S. Foreign Policy Report by Panel I — Doubleday, New York, 1959, 74 p. (Series : America at Mid-Century). Reports prepared under the auspices of the Center of International Studies of Princeton University (Research Monographs and Policy Memorandums) B u r n s , Arthur Lee Power Politics and Growing Nuclear Club, 1959 K a p la n , Morton A. Some Problems in the Strategic Analysis of International Politics, 1959 The Strategy of Limited Retaliation, 1959

S n y d e r , Glenn H. Deterrence by Denial and Punishment, 1958 Knorr, Klaus A NATO Nuclear Force : the Problem of Management, 1963

85

CHAPTER IV

GENERAL ASPECTS OF NATO

Owing to lack of space it is impossible to include here summaries of articles and works mentioned in Chapter X. The reader is invited to refer to the Bibliography Section of the NATO Letter.

1. GENERA L STUDIES

A special number on N ATO including the report by the Working Group of the Centre d’Etudes de Politique étrangère, Problèmes et perspectives de VAlliance Atlantique and the article by General P. G allois , L'Alliance Atlantique et l'évolution de l'armement Politique étrangère, Paris, No. 2. 1959

N A T O Two French Views — President de G aulle and General P. GALLOIS ; An American view — Lincoln G o r d o n ; The Soviet View — Y. N a l in ; A German View — Senger u n d E tterlin , General F. von. Survival, London, May-June, 1959, 35 p. A selection of articles reproduced from magazines.

S h u c k b u r g h , Sir Evelyn Why NATO is Necessary NATO Letter, Vol, 8, No. 7,

NATO and Free World Security Current History, Philadelphia, , Vol. 39, No. 229 Number entirely devoted to a study of NATO

Le conci liateur Continent, Paris, May 6, 1961, p. 15 Portrait and career of Mr. Dirk U. Stikker, Secretary General of NATO

V o utier , Charles L’OTAN, bouclier du monde libre Revue Militaire Générale , p. 460

87 St ik k e r , Dirk U. L ’Avenir de la Communauté Atlantique Revue Politique et Parlementaire, Paris, , p. 3

Buchan, Alastair Reform of NATO Foreign Affairs, New York, January, 1962, p. 165

B e t h o u a r t , G e n e ra l Il faut constituer au plus vite une véritable communauté atlantique Le Figaro, Paris, January 20, 1962, p. 1 Atlantic Convention, held in Paris from 8th-20th January, 1962

E l l is, Harry B. F o n ta i n e , André C lém en t Alain OTAN : solidarité face à l’URSS Le Monde diplomatique, Paris, June, 1962, p. 5

B ir r e n b a c h , Kurt The Re-organization of NATO Orbis, Philadelphia, summer 1962, Vol. VI, No. 2, p. 244 Article, adapted and condensed, from the book Die Zukunft des Atlantischen Gemeinschaft, by the same author, published by Rombach, Freiburg, and by Praeger, New York, For the English edition

U.S. (The) and the Atlantic Community American Review, Boulogne, December, 1962. Special number devoted to NATO

Summary : N e u m a n n , Robert G. Problems of Military Decisions and Co-ordination in the Atlantic Alliance

G l a d w y n , Lord The Place of a United Western Europe in the Atlantic Community

K r e k e l e r , Heinz L. The European Community as a P illar of the Atlantic Partnership

H erter, Christian Atlantica Foreign Affairs, New York, , p. 299 The Atlantic Community — A Force for Peace Bulletin (The) of the National Association of Secondary School Principals, Washington, Vol 47, Number 279, January 1963 A special number devoted to the common inheritance and future of the Atlantic Community

2. POLITICAL ASPECTS

S c h w a r z -L ie b e r m a n n v o n W a h l e n d o r f , Dr. H. A. La Coopération politique au sein de l’OTAN et la situation mondiale actuelle Text of conference of the Belgian Society of Studies and Development, March 19, 1959

S e n g e r u n d E t t e r l in , General F. v on Le rôle du pouvoir politique dans le domaine de la défense Politique étrangère, Paris, No. 6, 1959, p. 581

H oag , Malcolm What Interdependence for NATO? Survival, London, , p . 94 Article reprinted from the magazi ne World Politics — April, 1960

L a n g e , H a lv a rd NATO and East/West Relations NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 9, September, 1960, . p 1 Speech made in Oslo to the 6th General Assembly of the A.T.A.

K e n n a n , George F . Peaceful Co-existence Foreign Affairs , New York, , p. 171 This article which also appeared in the magazine Preuves (Paris, May, 1960), is a reply to Mr. Khrushchev’s article in the October, 1959 issue of Foreign Affairs

B r o d ie , B e rn a rd Politique de dissuasion et guerre limitée Politique étrangère, Paris, No. 6, 1960, p. 543

Co-existence, sécurité, désarmement Politique étrangère , Paris, No. 3, 1960, p. 221

89 E d e n , Sir Anthony The Slender Margin for Safety Foreign Affairs, New York, January, 1961, p. 165. This article was repro­ duced in the weekly U.S. News and World Report, Washington, January 16, 1961, p. 52

B u c h a n , Alastair The Reform of NATO Foreign Affairs, January, 1962, p. 165

E p p s t e in , John The Effects of Decolonisation upon the Atlantic Alliance The British Survey, London, September, 1962, p. 8

A c h e so n , Dean The Practice of Partnership Foreign Affairs, New York, January, 1963, p. 247

North Atlantic Council Resolution on Political Consultation, April 23, 1954 Press R elease M(54)15

The Alliance and Nassau Survival, London, May-, pp. 102-125 Three articles : Fritz Erler : Germany and Nassau; Jacques Vernant : France and Nassau; Henry Kissinger : The United States and Nassau

Buchan, Alastair Partners and Allies Foreign Affairs, New York, , p. 621

St ik k e r , Dirk U. The Super-National Element in Inter-State Relations International Relations, Athens, May 1963

L e p o t ie r , Contre-Amiral L ’OTAN après and Nassau Revue Militaire d'information, Paris, May 1963, p. 7

Atlantic Policy Foreign Affairs, New York, , p. 38 Four articles : Robert R. Bowie : Tension within the Alliance; General Paul Stehlin : The Evolution of Western Defence; Fritz Erler : The Basis of Partnership; Air Marshal Sir John Slessor : Control of Nuclear Strategy

90 R o s t o w , W. W. The Third Round Foreign Affairs, New York, October 1963, p. 1 (The third major effort since 1945 to establish whether or not it is possible for the Soviet Union and the West to live together...)

Non-Military Co-operation in NATO Text of the Report of the Committee of Three approved by the North Atlantic Council December 13, 1956 Chapter 2, Section 2 : Consultation on Foreign Policy

S t ik k e r , Dirk Upko. Speeches and articles 1. Speech made at the Western European Union Assembly in Paris on December 11, 1961, p. 3 2. Speech made at the NATO Parliamentarians’ Conference in Paris, November 13, 1961, p. 20 3. New perspectives to old problems NATO Letter, , p. 1, Volume 9, No. 8 4. The narrow and perilous path NATO Letter, December 1961, p. 1, Volume 9, No. 12 5. Speech made at the Ottawa Ministerial Meeting, May 22, 1963 M l(63)l, p. 4, line 3 Speech made by Ambassador C o l o n n a d i P a l ia n o at the NATO Parliament­ arians’ Conference, Paris, November 12, 1962, pp. 3-4

S h u c k b u r g h , S ir Evelyn Political Consultation Special number of the NATO Letter : Ten Years of Atlantic Co-operation, April 1959

Political Consultation Pamphlet published by the NATO Information Service in the Aspects o f NATO series, May 1960

3. MILITARY ASPECTS

Atomic weapons and guided missiles, see Chapter V : NATO and Modern Weapons

91 W y m a n , Lieutenant Colonel Philip A. SACLANT, N ATO ’s Atlantic Partner Military Review, published by the Command and General Staff College of the United States, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, October, 1956, p . 39

V a l l u y , General Jean-Étienne Le Groupe Permanent Revue Militaire Générale, Paris, , p. 3

Air Defence Technical Centre. History and Operation NATO Letter, Vol. 6, No. 3, March 1958

K nowlton , Lieutenant Colonel W. A. Early Stages in the Organization of SHAPE International Organization, , Winter 1958-1959, p. 17

NATO and the South Atlantic Military Review, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, , p. 104. Article condensed from la Revue Militaire Générale, October 1957

N ATO ’s Naval Forces Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, April, 1959, No. 9-10, p. 114

L e p o tie r, Rear-Admiral L ’Atlantique et l’ère nucléaire Revue de défense nationale, Paris, October, 1959, p. 1538 The geographical and strategic importance of the Atlantic Ocea n

State of European Security. The NATO Mobile Force Report submitted on behalf of the Committee on Defence Questions and Armaments by General C a d o r n e , Reporter of the Committee, Western European Union, Document 253, November 16, 1962

Carpentier, General Marcel Forces Armées et intégration Revue des Deux Mondes, Paris, January 15, 1960

SACLANT, bouclier de l’Atlantique Le Soir illustré, Brussels, February 18, 1960, p. 26

NATO Defence College A Day at School... N ATO ’s Defence College NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 4, , p. 11

92 European Airspace Co-ordination NATO Letter, Vol. 8. No. 5, May 1960, p. 9

NATO’s Military Development, Pamphlet published by the NATO Information Service in the Aspects o f N ATO series, May 1960

H art , Captain Liddell The Ratio of Troops to Space Journal of the Royal United Services Institution, London, May 1960, p. 201

Sizoo, Professor G. H. The SHAPE Air Defence Technical Center NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 7, July 1960, p. 10

G a l l o is , Pierre M. New Teeth for NATO Foreign Affairs, New York, , p. 67

The Communist Block and the Western Alliances : The Military Balance 1962-1963 Institute for Strategic Studies, London, A comparison of Soviet and NATO military power comprising Army, Navy and Air Force strength, a nd atomic and capability

H o w e l l , D a v id Defence : The West or the Nation ? Crossbow, The Bow Group Quarterly, London, , p. 20

V a l l u y , General Jean Danger de Mort Revue Militaire Générale, Paris, January 1961, p. 3 The strategic importance of the Central European Sector

K is s in g e r , Henry A . Limited War : Conventional or Nuclear? Survival, London, January-, p. 2 Article reproduced from the review Daedalus, autumn 1960 A reappraisal of the problems examined in the book : Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy

L e m n it z e r , General Lynam L . Forward Strategy Reappraised Survival, London, Vol. 3, No. 1, January-February 1961, p . 22

93 Defence of a Continent NATO Letter, Vol. 9, No. 2, February 1961, p. 9 The C.I.N.C.N.O.R.A.D. system of radar defence for the North American Continent

Korganoff, Alexandre Le sous-marin, arme absolue Revue de défense nationale, Paris, , p. 437

Guerre — Armée — Société Special number of the Revue française de sociologie, Paris, dealing with the sociological problems of war, April-June, 1961 See in particular the following articles : C h a n d essa is , Colonel. Observations sur un symposium de psychologie de la défense, p. 124, and B o u t h o u l , Gaston; Fonctions sociologiques des guerres Summary of an international symposium organized by Professor Frank A. G e l d a r d at NATO Headquarters, 27th, 28th and 29th July, 1960

N o r st a d , General Lauris Les nouveaux objectifs militaires de l’OTAN Revue Politique et Parlementaire, Paris, December, 1961, p. 11

Deutermann, Vice-Admiral Harold Thomas International Navy — A decade of Unity NATO's Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, April-May, 1962, p. 30

B e a t o n , L e o n a rd NATO and Nuclear Independence The Guardian, London, February 6, 1963, p. 10

R o u s t id e , Pierre Le pacte atlantique et les forces de dissuasion nationales Revue de défense nationale, Paris, , p. 266

L a ba y le -C o u h a t , J. Marine et Deterrent Revue Militaire d'information, Paris, November, 1961, p. 4

Zuckerman, Sir Solly Judgment and Control in War Foreign Affairs, New York, January, 1962, p. 196 Article based on a briefing given during a meeting on “Science and War in 1970”, held at SHAPE on 23rd May, 1961

94 La défense contre les engins et les récentes expériences russes Perspectives, Paris, 17 February, 1962

V e r r ie r , Anthony La stratégie occidentale : les bases militaires anglaises et américaines conservent un rôle essentiel Le Monde diplomatique, Paris, , p. 5

B e a u f r e , Général Stratégie de dissuasion et stratégie de guerre Revue de défense nationale, Paris, May 1962, p. 76

K is s in g e r , Henry A. The Unsolved P roblems of European Defence Foreign Affairs, New York, , p. 515

M cN a m a ra The Western Debate — the American Conclusion Survival, London, September-October, 1962, p. 27 Text of speech made by the Secretary of Defence of the United States at Michigan University on 16th June, 1962

B a u m a n n , Gerhard The Arctic — Strategic Centre of the World Military Review, Fort Leavenworth, , p. 85

O s g o o d , Robert E. Kinds of Counterforce Survival, London, January-February, 1963, p. 23

Speech delivered by Mr. George Ball, Under Secretary of State of the United States, on 16th November, 1962 (The importance of the “classic” forces in defence — p. 7)

The future organization of Western Defence on the executive and parliamentary levels Assembly of Western European Union, Document 231, May 3, 1962, 50 p.

G u e r in , General Maurice Perspectives scientifiques et art militaire Revue Militaire Générale, Paris, , p. 508

N o r s t a d , General Lauris and S m e e to n , Vice-Admiral Speeches made at the NATO Parliamentarians’ Conference, Paris, November 12 to 17, 1962

95 V a u g h a n -T h o m a s , W y n fo rd Guarding the Gates of the Baltic NATO Letter, Vol. 10, No. 7-8, July-August, 1962, p. 8 The Allied Command of the Baltic Approaches (COMBALTAP)

L e m n it z e r , General Lyman L. Speeches delivered at the Assembly of Western European Union, June 7, 1963 (SHAPE Document, 7 p.) and at the NATO Parliamentarians Conference, in Paris, November 4, 1963

H o d d e r , John S. NORAD’s Underground Brain NATO Letter, September 1963, p. 15

S a l a , A d m ira l NATO Strategy in the Mediterranean NATO Letter, , p. 28 Speech delivered at the annual meeting of the Atlantic Treaty Association’s Assembly, Ankara, September 10-13, 1963

4. ECONOMIC ASPECTS

Owing to lack of space it has not been possible to include documents dealing with the economic integration of Europe in this Section

A — ATLANTIC ECONOMIC PROBLEMS Trends in Economic Growth — A comparison of the Western Powers and the Soviet Bloc Joint Committee on the Economic Report (Senate — 83rd Congress, 2nd Session — Senate. Joint Committee Print 1955, 339 p.

G r e g h , Fran?ois-Didier NATO and Economic Problems Article published in the special number of the NATO Letter : Ten Years of Atlantic Co-operation, April, 1959

Comparisons of the United States and Soviet Economies Supplemental statement on costs and benefits to the Soviet Union, of its bloc and pact system: comparisons with the Western Alliance system 86th Congress, 2nd Session, Committee Print 1960 Study prepared by the Central Intelligence Agency in conjunction with the Department of State and the Department of Defence for the Sub­ Committee on Economic Statistics Joint Economic Committee (Senate —• United States Congress)

96 V a n Z e e l a n d , Paul An Atlantic Common Market Speech made during a visit to the United States, the text of which was published in the NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 2, February, 1960, p. 1

B u r g e ss , W. Randolph Économie atlantique Informations et documents, Paris, February 1, 1960, p. 6

Resolutions of the conference of representatives of the 18 member countries of the OEEC and the United States and Canada, held in Paris, 14th January, 1959 NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 3, March, 1960 NATO and Economic Problems Pamphlet published by the NATO Information Service in the series : Aspects of NATO, May 1960 A remodelled economic organization NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 6, June, 1960 Report of the Committee of Four. Achievements of OEEC and prospects for OECD

C r o o t , C h a rle s Co-ordination in the Sixties NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 8, August, 1960, p. 5 A personal view of the co-ordination of defence contributions

D ie b o l d , William Jr. The Changed Economic Position of Western Europe : Some implications for United States Policy and International Organization International Organization, No. 1, Winter 1960, p. 1, Vol. XIV

B la c k a b y , F. T. and P a ig e , D . C. Defence Expenditure — Burden or Stimulus Survival, London, November-December, 1960, p. 242 The role of defence expenditure in the British economy and the repercussions of a possible disarmament agreement

Study on the Repercussions of Disarmament on the American Economy National Planning Association, Washington 9, D .C., 1960

Defence Expenditures of NATO Countries, 1949-1962 NATO, Press Release No. M2(62)l, December 13, 1962 Expenditure is expressed in national currencies The OECD Convention NATO Letter, Vol. 9, No. 1, January 1961, p. 21

97

4 S p a a k , Paul-Henri Boldness is All NATO Letter, Vol. 9, No. 1, January 1961, p. 1 Mr. Spaak points out the necessity for Western economic solidarity in the light of recent e vents

Economic Surreys Pamphlets published by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and De velopment See member countries

H a l l st e in , Walter NATO and the European Economic Community Speech made by Mr. Walter Hallstein, President of the European Economic Commission, at the NATO Parliamentarians’ Conference, Paris, 12-17 November 1962 Reprinted in the review Orbis, Philadelphia, Winter 1963, p. 564

H e r t e r , Christian A . C l a y t o n , William L. A New Look at Foreign Economic Policy in the light of the and the extension of the common market in Europe Report prepared by the Sub-Committee of Foreign Economic Policy of the Joint Economic Committee United States Congress ( Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1961

Pisar , Samuel A New Look at Trade Policy towards the Communist Bloc The elements of a common strategy for the West U .S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1961, 103 p. (With statistical charts showing the volume of exports from NATO countries to the Sino-Soviet bloc during 1959)

Basic statistics of the Community Office Statistique des Communautés Européennes Brochure, 164 p., November 1963

Problems and Trends in Atlantic Partnership. Some comments on the European Economic Community and NATO Staff study prepared for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, 87th Congress, Document No. 132 Washington, U .S. Government Printing Office, 1962, 48 p.

Aspects of European Integration — An Anglo-French Symposium, Political and Economic Planning (PEP), London, September, 1962, 140 p.

98 C lém en t -C u z in , René L’Économie à l’heure atlantique Revue Militaire Générale, Paris, December, 1961, p. 631

G o o l d -A d a m s , Richard Trading with the Communists NATO's Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, April-, p. 112

B e n d a l l , David Burden Sharing in NATO NATO Letter, September 1963, p. 8 Report on export controls in the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands United States Senate 87th Congress, 2nd Session (Committee on the Judiciary) Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1962, 29 p.

G regh , François-Didier Some Economic and Financial Aspects of the NATO Alliance NATO’s Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, April-May 1963, p. 82

K r ist e n se n , Thorkil Western Co-operation in Monetary Matters and Trade The OECD Observer, Paris, , p. 3

B — AID TO UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRIES

1. Attitude of NATO Final Communiqués of the following Ministerial Meetings : December 16-18, 1958 — Communiqué 33(58)2, p. 2, para. 9 December 16-18, 1960 — Communiqué M2(6O)3, para. 13, 14, 15 May 8-10, 1961 — Communiqué Ml(61)6, para. 9 December 13-15, 1962 — Communiqué M2(61)2, para. 13 May 4-6, 1962 — Communiqué M l(62)4, para. 13 Official speeches Speech made by Mr. D. U. St ik k e r at the NATO Parliamentarians’ Conference, Paris, November 13, 1961 (Western Economic Superiority — Aid to Greece and Turkey)

Speech made by Mr. D. U. St ik k e r at the General Assembly of the Atlantic Treaty Association, September 25, 1962, pp. 9-10

Speech made by Mr. D. U. St ik k e r at the Institute of International Political Studies, Milan, April 5, 1962, p . 4

Speech made by Ambassador C o l o n n a d i P a l ia n o at the NATO Parlia­ mentarians’ Conference, Paris, November 12, 1962, p. 13

99 2. Unofficial Studies

R e u b e r , G. L. Why Canadian Foreign Aid? International Journal, Toronto, Winter 1958-1958, p . 11

The Sino-Soviet Economic Offensive in the Less-Developed Countries U.S. Department of State Department of State Publication, 6632, May 1958

H a y t e r , Sir William Is T here a Soviet Economic Challenge? Extract from an article in the Financial Times, reproduced in the NATO Letter, Vol. 7, No. 8, August, 1959, p. 3

V o g e l, R . L’Allemagne et l’aide aux pays en voie de développement Politique étrangère, Paris, 1960, No. 4, p. 369

H o f fm a n , Paul G . One Hundred Countries, One and one Quarter Billion People, How to Speed their Economic Growth and ours, in the 1960’s Committee for International Economic Growth — 1028 Connecticut Avenue, N .W., Washington 6, D.C., February, 1960, 62 p.

Britain’s Record Aid to Colonies NATO Letter, Volume 8, No. 19, October 1960, p. 3 Britain’s aid to her overseas territories

S te v e n s o n , Adlai E. Putting First Things First Foreign Affairs, New York, January 1960, p. 191 Possibility of large scale U.S. aid to underdeveloped countries

L’Aide économique aux pays sous-développés Politique étrangère, Paris 1960, No. 4, p. 408 Seven statistical tables — economic aid provided by certain Western countries to under-developed countries in 1958; Soviet bloc aid; exports from certain Western countries to the Soviet bloc, etc.

L’Aide aux pays sous-développés Documentation française, Notes and documentation studies. February 8, 1960, N.D. No. 2628, 56 p. fascicle

Assistance from the United Kingdom for Overseas Development Her Majesty’s Stationery Office (H.M.S.O.), Cmnd. 974,

100 Problèmes des pays sous-développés Tiers-Monde, Paris, Vol. 1, Nos. 1-2, 1960 The first number of a quarterly review published by the Institute for the Study of Economic and Social Development, Paris

M e t h a , Asoka Soviet Aid to India NATO Letter, Vol. 9, No. 2, February, 1961 (“up to today Soviet aid works out at Rs. 4.5 per head while Western aid is about Rs. 80”)

G a l b r a it h , J. K. A Positive Approach to Economic Aid, Foreign Affairs, New York, April, 1961, p. 444

Financial Assistance to Developing Countries, 1956-1959, 1960 and 1961 Organization for European Economic Co-operation Paris These reports give the figures for bilateral, multilateral and national con­ tributions

M a z a u d , B. P. Aides comparées américaine et soviétique aux pays sous-développés Revue de défense nationale, Paris, December 1961

Politique (La) française d’aide au développement U Économie, Paris, August 29, 1963, p. 11

5. LEGAL ASPECTS

For basic legal texts, see Chapter II Facts About NATO, a work of reference published by the Information Service, Chapter A-2 — Notes on the Treaty

B e c k e t t , Sir Eric The North Atlantic Treaty Stevens and Sons, London, 1950 Chapter : Legal Problems

E l l e r t , Robert B . NATO Fair Trial’s Safeguard. Precursor to an international bill of procedural rights Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1963 vi-89 p. bibliogr.

101 L a n g , Reginald The Constitutional Basis of an Atlantic Commonwealth Cahiers de Bruges, December, 1951, p. 45

S c h w a r z -L ieberm an v o n W a h l e n d o r f , Dr. H. A. Mehrheitsentcheid und Stimmenwägung Tübingen, 1953 see several paragraphs of Chapter V

Turner and Ryerson Bulwark of the West Toronto, Ryerson Press, 1953 See Chapter : NATO and the United Nations A comparative analysis of the United Nations Charter and the North Atlantic Treaty

B r u el Die juristisch Bedeutung des Atlantikpakte Archiv des Völkerrechts, March, 1954, p. 288

Questions and Answers on the NATO Status of Forces Agreement Department of State, Public Services Division, July, 1954

F l o r y , Maurice Les bases militaires à l’étranger Annuaire français de Droit international, published by the Centre national de la Recherche scientifique, Paris, 1955, p . 3. Legal problems (exercise of authority, administration of justice, privileges and immunities)

La personnalité juridique de l’OTAN Annuaire français de Droit international, Paris, 1955, p . 471

B a s t id , Suzanne Les conditions juridiques de la coexistence Politique étrangère, Paris, February, 1955

B e r t o u t , Jean The North Atlantic Treaty NATO Letter, Vol. 3, No. 8, September 1, 1955, p. 14 An analysis of the Treaty from the legal point of view

C. S., J. Problèmes juridiques de l’OTAN Politique étrangère, Paris, December, 1955 This article was reproduced in the NATO Letter, February, 1956

102 M a u p e o u , J. d e e t K it c h e e v , G . OTAN et sécurité collective Politique étrangère, Paris, April, 1956, p. 143

F a r r a n , Charles d ’Olivier Atlantic Democracy Green & Son, Edinburgh, 1957, 204 p. A comparison of the constitutions of the N ATO member countries

S n e e , Joseph M. and P y e , A. Kenneth Status of Forces Agreement, Criminal Jurisdiction Oceana Publications, New York, 1957, 157 p.

R o u x a n d B a l d w in The Exercise of Criminal Jurisdiction under the NATO Status of Forces Agreement American Journal of International Law, January 1957, p. 29

S o u b e y r o l , Jacques La condition juridique des pipe-lines en droit international Annuaire français de Droit international, Paris, 1958, p. 157

P a t e y , Jacques L’Adaptation pour l’Allemagne fédérale de la Convention de Londres sur le Statut des forces de l’OTAN Annuaire français de Droit international, Paris, 1959, p. 729

V ig n e s , D a n ie l La place des pactes de défense dans la société internationale actuelle Annuaire français de Droit international, Paris, 1959

K u n z m a n n Ein Gemeinsames Kriegsrecht der NATO Europa Archiv, Bonn, 10th January, 1962, p . 21 (A common law of war for NATO)

Lazareff, S . Interprétation par les tribunaux français de la convention sur le statut des forces de l’OTAN Revue de Droit Pénal Militaire et de Droit de la Guerre, Brussels, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1962

103 N iso t , Joseph Le traité de l’Atlantique Nord et la Charte des Nations Unies Revue de Droit International et de Droit comparé, Brussels, 88th year, Nos. 3-4, 1951

K o r o w ic z , Marc Stanislas Organisations internationales et souveraineté des États membres Paris, Pedone, 1961 (p. 329, Sovereignty of member states in NATO)

J a e n i c k e , Günther Nordatlantikpakt-Organisation Wörterbuch des Völkerrechts, Berlin, Vol. II, 1961, pp. 620-626 (with bibliography)

S c h u b e r t Richard S. The Military Agreement in United States Law and Practic e Military Law Review, Washington, January 1963, p. 81

V o e l c k e l , M. L’application aux forces navales de la Convention de Londres du 19 juin 1951 sur le statut des forces de l’OTAN Annuaire français de Droit international, Paris, 1962, p. 744

6. CULTURAL ASPECTS

Declarations on Atlantic Unity : A declaration in favour of Atlantic Unity signed by 244 eminent citizens from the following NATO countries : Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, the United Kingdom and the United States, and officially handed to the North Atlantic Council on December 16,1954. The text of this declaration appeared in the NATO Letter on November 1, 1954

Speeches : The Atlantic Community Text of the speech made by Mr. Paul-Henri Spaak at Princeton University, April 22, 1959

The. Essential Values of Western Civilization Lecture given by Mr. Lester B. Pearson at Oxford International Summer School (see résumé in the NATO Letter, Vol. 7, No. 10, ,1959)

104 Atlantic Convention : the Declaration of Paris NATO Letter, Vol. 10, No. 3, March, 1962, p. 21 A declaration approved by the Atlantic Convention held January 8-20, 1962

NATO’s Cultural Activities Extracts from the address by Mr. Claude Delmas of the NATO Information Service to the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques on February 8, 1960 Speeches made on the occasion of the 10th Anniversary of the Congress for Cultural Liberty, Berlin, (Denis de R o u g e m o n t , R aymond A r o n , Arthur S c h l e s in g e r , François B o n d y , George K e n n a n ) NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 9, September 1960, . p 15

Articles : SHAPE Village NATO Letter, Vol. 4, No. 1, , p . 24

N o t h o m b , Pierre OTAN ou monde atlantique Revue générale belge, Brussels, January 1957

Zurich Déclaration Standing Committee Conference on Atlantic Community Freedom and Union, Washington, July-August, 1958, p. 11

R o u g ie r , Louis Valeur et avenir de la civilisation occidentale Revue des Deux Mondes, Paris, October 1, 1958, p. 423

P h il l ip s , Joseph B. Public Opinion and NATO Article published in the special number of the NATO Letter : “Ten Years of Atlantic Co-operation”, Vol. 7, No. 4, 1959, p. 36

D a n ie l o u , R . P . Jean The Spiritual and Cultural Values of the Atlantic Community NATO Letter, Vol. 7, No. 7, , . p 21

D a r v a l l , Sir Laurence The Concept of Atlantic Colleges European Atlantic Review, London, summer 1959, or NATO Letter, Vol. 7, No. 9, , . p 21

105 N o t h o m b , Pierre La communauté européenne de culture Revue générale belge, January 1960

B elo ff M ax , Fact and Fiction in the Atlantic Community NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 12, , p. 1

E l d r e d g e , H. Wentworth The Challenge the West must Meet NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 11, , p. 1

Towards an Atlantic Community :

A ll a is , Maurice : Needed — A Political Framework D u y n stee , Anthony : Europe Must Give the Lead NATO Letter March, 1962 (p. 1) and April, 1962 (p. 1)

K ir d a r , Sami Defending our common heritage NATO Letter, Vol. 9, No. 7,

Nisio, Girolamo Europeanism and Atlanticism NATO Letter, Vol. 9, No. 9, , p. 1

M o r g a n , Carlyle New Atlantic College opens its doors Freedom and Union, Washington, November 1962, p. 22

NATO Activities in the Cultural Field, see Chapter VI : A t l a n t ic C o m m u n it y , p. 155

MEMBER COUNTRIES BELGIUM Ministry of National Defence Bulletin périodique, Information et éducation des Forces Armées, March 1954

Special NATO Supplement No. 11 : Belgium European Atlantic Review, London, summer 1955

106 Ce que la Belgique apporte à l’Occident Supplément de la revue Occident. Brussels, November, 1959, p. 57 This issue includes articles by Messrs. J. v an O ffelhn , Victor L a r o c h e and R. d e St a e r c k e

Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union Pamphlet issued by the Organization for European Economic Co-ope­ ration (OEEC) in the series : Economic Surveys of Member Countries, June, 1963

G il s o n , Arthur The Belgian Military Effort and NATO Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, No. 18, 1961, p. 79

C a u d il l , Lt-Col. Orley The NATO Allies : Belgium and Luxembourg Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, No. 18, 1961, p. 76

S e r v a is , Général La Belgique face au problème de sa défense Revue Militaire Générale, Paris, May 1963, p. 653

CANADA R e u b e r , G. I. Why Canadian Foreign Aid? International Journal, Toronto winter 1958-1959, p. 11

R e y n o l d s , Alastair Canada and NATO Western World, Brussels, November, 1959

Special number on Canada of the magazine Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, No. 12, January 1960

Canada Pamphlet published by the Organization for European Economic Co-ope­ ration (OEEC) in the series : Economic Surveys of Members Countries November 1962

E a y r s , James Canada, NATO and Nuclear Weapons Survival, London, March-, p. 76

107 H olm es , John W. Defence Dilemma Times Supplement, London, February 26, 1962, p. 4

C o n a n t , Melvin Canada’s Role in Western Defence Foreign Affairs, New York, April 1962, p. 431

S u t h e r l a n d , R. J. Canada’s long-term Strategic Situation International Journal, Toronto, Vol. XVII, No. 3, summer 1962, p. 199

La situation financière et économique du Canada Perspectives, Paris, December 8, 1962

Canada and Nuclear Arms Economist, London, January 20, 1962, p. 233

M a t t h e w s , Roy A. Canada, Britain and the Common Market (A Canadian view) The World Today, London, , p. 48

K n o r r , K la u s Canada and Western Defence International Journal, Toronto, winter 1962-1963, p. 17

Bilan et perspectives de l’économie canadienne — La participation canadienne à l’OTAN — Le développement de l’énergie nucléaire Documentation Française, Faits et Opinions, No. 0.1359, March 2, 1963

H o lm es , John W. Canada in Search of its Role Foreign Affairs, New York, July 1963, p. 659

Canada’s NATO Air Division NATO's Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, August-September 1963, p. 57

DENMARK

P ete r sen , Eggert Le Danemark et l’Arme nucléaire Documentation française, A .D. No. 0.666 Article translated from the Danish newspaper Politiken

108 H a n se n , H . C . Denmark and NATO Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, issue entitled “Five Years NATO”, 1954, p. 73

L e p o t ie r , Rear-Admiral Le Groenland, Plateforme aéropolaire Revue de défense nationale, Paris, July, 1959, p. 1190

Une organisation de défense nationale originale dans les pays scandinaves : l’armé e territoriale Revue militaire d'information, Paris, October, 1959, p. 85 Manpower and organization of the Territorial Army in Sweden, Norway and Denmark

C a u d il l , L t-C o l. Orley The Northern Flank... Denmark, Norway and Iceland Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, No. 16, 1960, p. 90

Denmark Pamphlet published by the Organization for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) in the series : Economic Surveys of Member Countries, January 1963

B o e g g il d , Johennes Denmark’s Road to the Six NATO Letter, August, 1961, Vol. 9, No. 8, p. 8

Spotlight on Denmark NATO Journal, Washington, March, 1962, p. 34

O ’B a l l a n c e , Major Edgar Defence Problems of Denmark Military Review, Fort Leavenworth, June 1962, p. 24

B r e y e r , S iegfried The Danish Fleet Military Review, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, , p. 93

H in t e r h o f f , Eugene The Defence of the Balti c The Tablet, London, December 16, 1961, p. 1203

109 P y m a n , General Sir Harold Military Significance of the Baltic European Review, London, May-June, 1962, p. 37

S in g t o n , A n n e Denmark’s Northern Island NATO Letter, Paris, N ovember 1963, p. 113

FRANCE

P l a n c h a is , Jean La Ve République et la défense Preuves, Paris, August 1959, p. 56

E l y , General Paul Les problèmes français et l’équilibre mondial Revue de défense nationale, , p. 1709

La stabilité française, facteur vital pour l’Occident Perspectives, Paris, , 1960 An article by Drew Middleton which appeared in the New York Times, February 1, 1960

France Pamphlet published by the Organization for European Economic Co­ operation (OEEC) in the series : Economic Surveys of Member Countries September 1963

C a u d il l , Lt.-Col. Orley France Understands her NATO Duties Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, No. 19, 1961, p. 90

Why a U.S. Ally Insists on its own Nuclear Warfare U.S. News and World Report, Washington, September 24, 1962, p . 70 Interview with Mr. Pierre Messmer, French Defence Minister

G.P. Les relations économiques ■ de la France Revue Militaire d'information, Paris, November 1962, p. 59

M essm er, Pierre L’Armée de demain Revue des Deux Mondes, Paris, February 15, 1962, p. 481

110 President de Gaulle’s Foreign Policy World Today, London, , p. 320

G a l l o is , General P . Pierrelatte et ses raisons Politique Étrangère, Paris, 1962, No. 5, p. 4470

Size-up of de Gaulle U.S. News and World Report, Washington, April 22, 1963, p . 68 Interview with Mr. R aymond Aron on French foreign policy

V e r n a n t , Jacques La Politique extérieure de la France Revue de Défense Nationale, Paris, July 1963, p. 1196

GERMANY

P l a n c h a is , Jean La Bundeswehr et les armes atomiques Le Monde, Paris, , 1960, p . 4

Germany Pamphlet published by the Organization for European Economic Co­ operation (OEEC) in the s eries : Economic Surveys of Member Countries January 1963

Z e n n e r , Vice-Admiral K. A. The German Navy and its Task in NATO NATO's Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, October-November, 1962, p. 32

F r is c h , Alfred L’Allemagne choisit la prudence Preuves, Paris, November, 1962, p. 62

C a u d il l , Lt-Col. Orley Our Ally : the German Federal Republic NATO's Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, October-November, 1962, p. 56

H a r c o u r t , R o b e rt d ’ L’Allemagne devant les Soviets Revue de défense nationale, Paris, February, 1962, p. 197

111 G e r m a in , Commandant L. L’évolution de l’aviation allemande Revue Militaire d'information, Paris, , p. 39

L ip p m a n n , Walter The German Interest New York Herald Tribune, Paris, May 24, 1962, p. 85

A d e n a u e r , Konrad The German Problem — A World Problem Foreign Affairs, New York, October, 1962, p. 59

W e in s t e in , Albert Ohne die Bundesrepublik kann die NATO nicht verteidigt werden Frankfurte Allgemeine, December 16, 1962, p. 2 (Interview with General Heusinger)

V o n H assel Text of the speech delivered by the German Defence Minister on present German Defence Policy, at the Assembly of Western European Union, on June 6, 1963 Western European Union. Assembly, 9th Ordinary Session. Official R eport A/WEU(9)CR 5

GREECE

S ia p k a r a s , Brigadier General, Andrew The Importance of Greece for NATO in South-East Europe and the Mediterranean Revue Militaire Générale, Paris, January, 1960, p. 34 A study of the capital importance for the Alliance of Greece’s strategic position

Greece Pamphlet published by the Organization for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) in the series : Economic Surveys of Member Countries, April 1962

G r a n d c h a m p , René Importance des Balkans pour les communications et la stratégie atlantique Tropiques, Paris, January, 1961, p. 5

Greece Seeks New Markets Economist, London, February 18, 1961, p. 666

112 L a m b e r t , J. R. Greece and the European Economic Community The World Today , London, April, 1961, p. 142

Anghelatos, A. G . New-found Political Stability in Greece The World Today, London, March 1962, p. 102

Greece — Political and Economic Developments, 1944-1962 The British Survey, Main Series, No. 159, June 1962

Ce que la Grèce attend du marché commun L'Économie, Paris, September 13, 1962, p. 7

R u s se l l , Admirai J. S. NATO Strategy and Greece International Relations, Athens, November 1962

P e k l a r is , P. B. La Grèce et la Turquie fournissent un pourcentage élevé de troupes de l’OTAN To Vima, Athens, February 3, 1962

V e n iz e l o s , S. Greece and Internationa] Developments International Relations, Athens, February 1963

D e l iv a n is , D . Planning and Economic Development in Greece Balkan Studies Review, Thessaloniki, Volume IV, 1963

S w o f f o r d , General Greece’s Role in the Air Defence of NATO Europe International Relations, Athens, September 1963

ICELAND

N o r t h c o t e , Beryl Iceland, the Key to the North Atlantic The British Survey, London,

Atlantic Community Supplement : Iceland European Atlantic Review, London, Winter 1955-1956, p . 13 Iceland... New Look at NATO The Economist, London, July 11, 1959, p. 80

The Iceland Saga : I : Winning the Cold War II : Independant People The Economist, London, August 15 and 22, 1959, p. 435 and 595

Iceland Pamphlet published by the Organization for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) in the series : Economic Surveys of Member Countries January 1963

V a l e t t e , Claude L’Islande, porte de I’Atlantique Revue de défense nationale, Paris, October 1962, p. 1540

W in c h e s t e r , James H. Our NATO Ally - Iceland NATO's Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, June-July 1963, p. 86

ITALY Atlantic Community Supplement No. 3 : Italy European and Atlantic Digest, London, Summer 1953

W u l l u s -R u d ig e r , J. Le rôle de l’Italie dans l’OTAN L'Armée, La Nation, Brussels, December 1, 1957, p. 17 The strategic and political position of Italy within NATO The current status of the Italian Armed Forces

Italy Pamphlet published by the Organization for European Economic Co­ operation (OEEC) in the series : Economic Surveys of Member Countries February 1963

The Contribution of Italy to the West Supplement to Western World, Brussels,

The Miracle of Italy U.S. News and World Report, Washington, March 28, 1960, p . 104

B o o t h e -L u c e , Clare Italy After One Hundred Years Foreign Affairs, New York, January 1961, p. 221

114 L’Italie poursuit son essor économique L'Économie , Paris, May 4, 1961, p. 9

Politicians and the President Financial Times, London, June 2, 1961, p. 6

Italy’s Economy Today New York Herald Tribune, Paris, November 22, 1962 Supplement dealing with Italy’s economic situation

LUXEMBOURG Atlantic Community Supplement No. 8 : Luxemb o urg European and Atlantic Digest, London, autumn 1954

B e c h , Joseph Le rôle du Luxembourg dans la défense occidentale Revue française, Paris,

K r a f t , Henry B. Luxembourg’s Tough Little Army Stars and Stripes, published by the U.S. Armed Forces, Darmstadt, Germany, August 26, 1957

K r a f t , Henry B. A Luxembourg Soldier Stars and Stripes, Darmstadt, Germany, March 9, 1958

Belgium-Luxembourg Ec o nomic Union Pamphlet published by the Organization for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) in the series : Economic Surveys of Member Countries June 1963

C a u d il l , Lt.-Col Orley The NATO Allies : Belgium and Luxembourg Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, No. 18, 1961, p. 76

H eiderscheid , André Letter from Luxembourg NATO Letter, January 1963, p. 14

W o l t e r , Jean-Claude Le Luxembourg et l’OTAN Letzeburger Journal, Luxembourg, June 9, 1962, p. 2

115 NETHERLANDS

L u n s , J. M . A. H. Les Pays-Bas et l’Europe Nouvelles de Hollande, Netherlands Embassy, Paris, 6th May, 1961, p . 1, and Revue politique et parlementaire, Paris, May 1961

W in c o t , Harold The Dutch Miracle Examined Financial Times, July 4, 1961 Netherlands economic policy

Netherlands Pamphlet published by the Organization for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) in the series : Economic Surveys of Member Countries

Dutch Industry on the Rise NATO Journal, Washington, April 1962, p. 24

E l l is, H a rry Dutch in NATO : U.S. Right Arm Christian Science Monitor, Boston, May 14, 1962, p. 2

NORWAY

G r e v e , T im Norway’s Place in NATO

B o h n , Leif Norway’s Contribution to NATO Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, October 1958

Une organisation de défense nationale originale dans les pays scandinaves : l’armée terri­ toriale Revue Militaire d'information, Paris, , p. 85 Manpower and organization of the territorial Army in Sweden, Norway and Denmark

Norway Pamphlet published by the Organization for European Economic Co­ operation (OEEC) in the series : Economic Surveys of Member Countries July 1963

116 A NATO Defence Force in the Arctic The Sphere, London, June 4, 1960, p. 413 Training in guerilla warfare for certain Norwegian territorial units

M o n s e n , Per A Bustling Country NATO Letter, Vol. 9, No. 5, May 1961, p. 4

F a l l s , Cyril Russia, Finland and Scandinavia Illustrated London News, London, November 18, 1961, p. 867

C o o k , Don Strategic Northern Norway New York Herald Tribune, Paris, June 25 and 26, 1963, p. 4

P e r g e n t J. Scandinavie et défense occidentale Revue Militaire d’information, Paris, May 1963, p. 51

K e r r y , Richard J. Norway and Collective Defence Organization International Organization, Boston, Autumn 1963, p. 860

PORTUGAL Portugal Pamphlet published by the Organization for European Economic Co­ operation (OEEC) in the series : Economic Surveys of Member Countries, June 1963

M a r s h a l l , Andrew Portugal : A Determined Empire The World Today, London, March 1961, p. 95

D u f f y , James Portugal in Africa Foreign Affairs, New York, April 1961, p. 481

Revue Militaire d’information, Paris, April 1961, number on Portugal. The following articles : D elm a s , Claude : Regards sur une histoire V e r m o n t , René : Outre-Mer R o u s t id e , Pierre : Situation actuelle É t ie n n e , Lt.-Col. : Problèmes humains

117 Portugal’s Industry Moves Ahead NATO Journal, Washington, April 1962, p. 34

Sa l a z a r , R. Antonio de Oliveira Realities and Trends of Portugal’s policies International Affairs, London, April 1963, p. 169

Portugal in Africa The British Survey, No. 158, May 1962

Le Portugal sera-t-il associé à la C.E.E. ? L'Économie, Paris, November 22, 1962, p. 5

M ir a n d a , Professeur d e Portugal’s Position in the West NATO’s Fijteen Nations, Amsterdam, June-July 1963, p . 94

W a r in g , Ronald Portugal as a NATO Ally NATO's Fijteen Nations, Amsterdam, February-, p. 154

TURKEY

A b ig a d o l , Meryem Turkish Bridgehead NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 5, May 1960, p. 2

S u l z b e r g e r , C. L. A Nuclear NATO seen from Turkey New York Times, Paris, February 22, 1961, p. 4

D esb o c q u ets , Claude La Turquie de 1960 et la stratégie globale Revue de défense nationale, Paris, February 1961, p. 222

Turkey Pamphlet published by the Organization for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) in the series : Economic Surveys of Member Countries May 1963

A l p a n , Colonel Cihad Strategic Importance of Turkey NATO Letter, Vol. X, No. 2, February, 1962, p. 7

118 C o h e n , S am i Turkey needs more help NATO Journal, Washington, December 1962, p . 12

The Turkish Dilemma The Economist, London, June 16, 1962

K a r p a t , K e m a l Recent political developments in Turkey and their social background International Affairs, London, July 1962, p. 304

Turkish economy : tasks ahead in reviving growth Financial Times, London, August 29, 1962, p . 12

The Turkish Navy NATO's Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, August-, p. 77

L’Économie turque à la veille du plan quinquennal 1962- 1967 Notes et Études documentaires, Documentation française, October 29, 1962, No. 2932

Turkey’s Radical Plan The Economist, London, November 10, 1962, p. 578

W eise, Jurgen Turkey and her armed forces Military Review, Fort Leavenworth, May 1963, p. 80

UNITED KINGDOM

V e r n a n t , Jacques Défense et interdépendance nationales : l’exemple britannique Revue de défense nationale, Paris, December 1959, p. 2031

H o w a r d , M ic h a e l Britain’s Defence : Commitments and Capabilities Foreign Affairs, New York, October 1960, p. 81

United Kingdom Pamphlet published by the Organization for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) in the series : Economic Surveys of Member Countries July 1963

119 H o m e , The R t. H o n . The E a rl o f Interdépendance : The British Rôle International Affairs, London, April 1961, p. 154 Speech made at the Drapers’ Hall, London, December 12, 1960

M a so n , Sir Paul Britain and the Defence of the West Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, No. 17, January 1961, p. 69

M e g r e t , Maurice L’Angleterre et le deterrent national Revue de défense nationale, Paris, March 1961, p. 423

G e r m a in , Commander L . L’aviation britannique Revue Militaire d'information, Paris, November 1962, p. 11

Britain and the Western Alliance The Times, London, July 27, 1962, p. 13

A l l e n , H . C . The Anglo-American Relationship in the Sixties International Affairs, London, January 1963, p. 37

G o t t , R ic h a rd The Evolution of the Independent British Deterrent International Affairs, London, April 1963, p. 235

B u c h a n , Alastair The Choice for British Defence Policy International Journal, Toronto, Sommer 1963, p. 281

UNIT ED STATES

R u s k , D e a n Le rôle du Président Preuves, Paris, February 1961, p. 14 Article reproduced from the review Foreign Affairs, April 1960

St r a u s z -H u p e , Robert a n d K in t n e r , W illia m R. A Forward Strategy beyond Survival Orbis, University of Pennsylvania, Vol. IV, No. 2, Summer 1960, p. 141

120 Strategic Thinking in the U.S.A. I Men and Missiles in the Air Force II Carriers Still the Backbone III Army Views are the Soundest IV Facing the Nuclear Stalemate The Times, London, 18, 19 and 20 October, 1960 United States Pamphlet published by the Organization for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) in the series : Economic Surveys of Member Countries November 1962

M u r r a y , Thomas E. Nuclear Testing and American Security Orbis, University of Pennsylvania, Winter 1960-1961, p. 405

Pacific Command Time, New York, 6th January, 1961, p. 12

D u r o se l l e , J. B. Les démocrates et la politique extérieure des États-Unis Revue politique et parlementaire, Paris, January 1961, p. 22

R o s t o w , W .W . The New Look in U.S. World Policy — Advice President Kennedy is getting U.S. News and World Report, Washington, 13th February, 1961, p. 75

M a r a n t z , Marcel Dépenses d’armement et économie nationale, l’exemple américain Revue jrançaise de sociologie, Paris, April-, p. 54

B o w l e s , Chester Toward a new Diplomacy Foreign Affairs, New York, January 1962, p. 244

M c N a m a r a , Robert S. An E ncouraging Survey — Military Strength of the United States NATO's Fijteen Nations, Amsterdam, April-May 1962, p. 17 Extracts of a speech made by the Secretary for Defence in November, 1961

V e r n a n t , Jacques Principes et conséquences de la doctrine stratégique américaine Revue de défense nationale, Paris, May 1962, p. 874

121 A n t h e r ie u , É tie n n e De Glasgow à Naples, via Ramstein et Stuttgart : survol éclair des bases atomiques américaines en Europe Le Figaro, Paris, May 23, 1962, p. 7

K issin g e r , Henry A. L’Évolution de la doctrine stratégique aux États-Unis Politique étrangère, Paris, 1962, No. 2, p. 121

B u n d y , McGeorge Friends and Allies Foreign Affairs, New York, October 1962, p. 14

G a l l o is , Pierre La nouvelle politique extérieure des États-Unis et la sécurité de l’Europe Revue de défense nationale, Paris, April 1963, p. 566

E n t h o v e n , A la in American Deterrent Policy Survival, London, May-June 1963

N o u r r y , Philippe Marine américaine 1964 Le Figaro , Paris, August 16 and 17, 1963

United States aid, see Military Assistance Program p . 54, and aid to under­ developed countries, p. 99

122 CHAPTER V

SPECIAL PROBLEMS

INFRASTRUCTURE AND DEFENCE PRODUCTION

A — GENERAL N ATO Infrastructure Press Release*, December 1, 1952 NATO Infrastructure Agreement Press Release, April 24, 1953. Annex : Cost-sharing formula 1954 Infrastructure Programme Press Release 3/54, January 27, 1954 1955 Infrastructure Programme Press Release 54/26, December 13, 1954 Visit to Greece of the NATO Infrastructure Committee Press Release 55/9, May 6, 1955 A NATO Infrastructure Programme of 94 million pounds for 1956 Press Release (56)10, June 12, 1956 NATO Common Infrastructure Agreement Press Release (57)5, March 26, 1957 NATO Infrastructure. 1958 Slice NATO Letter, Vol. 7, No. 6, NATO Infrastructure. Four-Year Programme NATO Letter, Vol. 9, No. 4, April 1961 Defence Production and Infrastructure Pamphlet published by the Information Division in the series : Aspects o f NATO, May 1960 For Armaments production agreements signed between the United States and NATO member countries, see Chapter II

* Issu ed by the NATO Press Servic e.

123 Armaments production oj the German Federal Republic Control and limitation of the production of certain types of armaments : see London and Paris Agreements

M o r e a u , Alain Les activités sur le plan OTAN dans le domaine de la production d’armements Politique étrangère, Paris, December 1956 Coopération et coordination entre les alliés pour l’équipement des forces de l’OTAN Revue Militaire Générale, June 1957

M eili, E rnest Defence Production and Infrastructure Article published in the special number of the NATO Letter : Ten Years of Atlantic Co-operation, April 1959

E c c l e s, Rear-Admiral H . E. Logistics : Condition sine qua non for NATO Defence Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, No. 13, 1960, p. 25

D z iu b a n , Colonel Stanley W . I. NATO, Marvel of military construction achievements II. NATO Infrastructure NATO Journal, Washington, April 1962, p. 18, and May-June 1962, p . 25

R id s d a l e , Wing Commander P . C. M. Military Infrastructure — The Backbone of NATO Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, August-September 1962, p. 38

Standardisation and interdependence in the production of armaments Report submitted on behalf of the Committee on Defence Questions and Armaments by Mr. Kliesing, Chairman Assembly of Western European Union, Document 250, October 16, 1962, 7 p.

P e r r e t , Lt-Col. Coopération industrielle aéronautique en Europe Revue Militaire d'information, Paris, May 1963, p. 57

NATO (The) Small Arms Ammunition Panel NATO Letter, Paris, November, 1963, p. 22

124 B — PIPELINES Pipelines for Jet Fuel Press Release No. 51, 3rd September 1953 Issued by the Centrai Europe Operating Agency, June 16, 1959

Le futur réseau européen de pipe-lines L'Économie, Paris, March 17, 1960

Vital-Network — Central Europe’s Pipeline NATO Letter, Vol. 84, No. 3, March 1960, p. 15 The Central Europe Operating Agency and the NATO Pipeline System

Pipelines for NATO Pamphlet issued by the Information Division in the series Aspects of NATO, May 1960

B e a u f r e , General La défense atlantique, rempart de l’Europe Revue Militaire d'information, No. 321, November 1960, p. 39

M u r c ie r , Alain Les oléoducs transcontinentaux et la nouvelle ossature énergétique du vieux continent Revue de défense nationale, Paris, May 1961, p. 819

M o m m sen , E. W. The West European Crude Oil Long-distance Pipelines (Their development and significance) Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, No. 19, May 1961, p. 112

W in c h e s t e r , James H. NATO’s Fuel Pipeline almost Complete Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, Vol. 7, No. 4, August-September 1962, p. 83 See Chapter IV, Legal Aspects, regarding the legal position of NATO pipelines

C — NATO MAINTENANCE SUPPLY SERVICES SYSTEM (NMSSS)

The NATO Supply System April 16, 1958 Press Release M l(58)1 The United States grants loan of twenty-five million dollars to the NATO Main­ tenance Supply Services Agency June 28, 1959 Press Release (59)10

125 The N ATO Maintenance Supply Services Agency receives an order to the value of seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars July 30, 1959 Press Release (59)11

Establishment of a NATO Supply Centre March 4, 1960 Press Release (60)2

D — FIAT G. 91 LIGHTWEIGHT FIGHTERS Fiat G.91 Lightweight Fighter An Italian-built aircraft powered by British turbo-jet engines December 19, 1958 Press Release (58)21 SHAPE Release No. 58-63 NATO Letter, Vol. 7, No. 1,

E — NATO MARITIME PATROL AIRCRAFT, BREGUET 1150 « ATLANTIC » NATO Maritim e Patrol Airc raft Press Release (60)1, January 21, 1960 and (61)2, January 24, 1961 NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 3, March 1960 Co-ordinated production by five countries : Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands and United States

M o r e a u , Alain L ’avion patrouilleur OTAN. Une nécessité et un exemple Revue Militaire Générale Paris, January 1962, p . 117

Contract For Production of Simulators September, 16, 1963 Press Release (63)5

F — F. 104G STARFIGHTER AIRCRAFT

F. 104G Starfighter Aircraft Press Release M2(6O)2, December 17, 1960 Common production agreement signed between five countries : Belgium, Germany, Italy, Netherlands and United States

Press Release (61)14, June 12, 1961 Co-ordinated production programme

V a n d y k , Anthony Managing NATO’s F . 104G production Armed Forces Management, Washington, May 1962, p. 23

126 G — NATO MILITARY STANDARDISATION AGREEMENTS

A list of these agreements is issued every year by the Military Agency for Standardisation (reference : AAP-4)

H — CODIFICATION OF EQUIPMENT

NATO Letter, Vol. 6, No. 12, December 1958 and pamphlet : The NATO Codification System. NATO 1960

I — CO-ORDINATED PRODUCTION OF GUIDED MISSILES

See Chapter V, NATO and Modern Weapons, p. 137 and Chapter II, Weapons Production Agreements, p. 59

WESTERN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION

A — WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGA­ NIZATION

1. IN THE INTERNATIONAL STAFF : Research in pure science

Origin Report of the Committee of Three approved by the North Atlantic Council, December 13, 1956 Chapter III, Section IV Declaration and Communiqué of the Ministerial Session of the North Atlantic Council December 16-19, 1957

Developments It should be noted with regard to the following references that the Science Committee decides NATO scientific policy, while the Scientific Affairs Division is responsible for the implementation of programmes

NATO Science Committee Establishment : Press Releases Nos. (58)6, March 23, 1958 and (58)7, March 28, 1958 Membership : See Annex to document: Facts About NATO-Scientific Co-operation

127 Scientific Affairs Division (formerly Offic e of the Science Adviser) Appointments of Assistant Secretary General for Scientific Affairs (formerly Science Adviser): Dr. F. R am sey , February 5, 1958, Press Release (58)2 Dr. Frederick Se it z , June 2, 1959, Press Release (59)5 Dr. William A . N ie r e n b e r g , July 8, 1960, Press Release (60)6 Dr. William P. A l l is, June 15, 1962, Press Release (62)10 Activities: See: NATO and Science... NATO Letter, Vol. 8, N o. 11, November 1960 Facts About NATO - Scientific Co-operation February 20, 1961 This pamphlet provides full information on the programmes and achieve­ ments of the Scientific Affairs Division. The annex gives a list of national institutes responsible for administering the fellowship programme, the advanced study institutes’ programmes for 1959-1960, and a list of holders of science fellowships In addition to the activities mentioned in this publication, the study by NATO of the establishment of an International Institute of Science and Technology should be noted The Working Group composed of six eminent personalities under the Chairmanship of Professor Killian, which was appointed to study the possi­ bility of establishing this Institute, issued its report in November 1962. The Report, which states that the Working Group agreed unanimously on the need to establish such an Institute, was published as a pamphlet by the Scientific Division under the title : “An International Institute of Science and Technology” See also : Press Releases (61)3, January 26, 1961 (62)21, November 16, 1962 Frequent meetings are held for an exchange of views under the auspices of the Scientific Affairs Division, and in co-operation with the SHAPE Science Adviser’s Office and the Advisory Group for Aeronautical Research and Development (AGARD)

2. AT SHAPE : Scientific activities in the military field Office of the SHAPE Science Adviser SHAPE Science Adviser Appointments: Dr. R o b er t so n (U.S.A.) Dr. B l a c k , K . C. (U.S.A.) Dr. H. M. Agnew (U.S.A.) Since the office came into being there have been a number of conferences on operational research and exchanges of scientific information One of the main achievements in this field is the establishment of the SHAPE Air Defence Technical Centre in The Hague

128 3. AT SACLANT NATO Anti-Submarine Warfare Centre, La Spezia Press Release No. (60)4, April 21, 1960 and the following articles:

F r a n k s , George Research Center for Anti-Submarine Warfare Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, No. 14, 1960, p. 76

W y n d h a m -H a r r is , Douglas Anti-Sub: Science is Closing the Gap NATO Letter, Vol. 9, No. 5, May 1961

4. AT AGARD (Advisory Group for Aeronautical Research and Development)

Origin : The creation of an Advisory Group for Aeronautical Research and Develop­ ment was recommended by the Chairman of the United States Air Force Scientific Advisory Board at a Conference of NATO Research Directors of the member nations, called together in February 1951 by the Standing Group of the Military Committee, NATO. The first meeting of AGARD was held in May 1952

Mission and Activities: AGARD is an agency of the Standing Group of NATO which acts in an advisory capacity to the Standing Group. It accomplishes this by bringing together selected leading aeronautical personalities of the NATO nations twice annually to discuss and recommend effective ways of using NATO research and development personnel and facilities for the common benefit of the NATO Community The principal technical activities of AGARD are conducted through seven Panels of NATO experts, each panel responsible for a specific field. In addition, the International Consultant and Exchange Programme arranges coverage of selected aeronautical, space research and development activities of particular interest to NATO and which do not fall within the province of the individual panels

Publications: The scientific and technical information resulting from AGARD activities is circulated among the NATO nations by publications of AGARDographs, Reports, and technical books. An Index, giving the type of publication, technical subject and author is available for the period 1952-1962. This Index includes more than 1600 papers with a short summary of each

129 5 AGARD publications are divided into two categories : publications in ‘Category I ’ are for sale and may be obtained directly from the publisher. Publications in ‘Category II’ are not for sale and are distributed free of change to the NATO nations through distribution centres set up in these countries See also : Facts about NATO, page 133 AGARD General Information 1963 AGARD Publication Index, 1952-1962

5. PUBLICATIONS AND DOCUMENTS : Scientific and Technical Co-operation within NATO, Two reports. The first was submitted to the Council in November 1957 by the Working Group (under the direction of Professor J. K cepfli (United States)) on new measures to be taken in the field of scientific and technical co-operation. The second was presented by Senator Henry M . J a c k so n (United States), at the Third Conference of NATO Parliamentarians (November 11-16, 1957), 1958, 46 p. English and French editions Report on the Development of Western Science Prepared for the Science Committee by. a Study Group presided over by Mr. Louis A r m a n d , under the auspices of the Fondation Universitaire, Brussels, 1960 See also NATO Press Release No. (60)7 September 30, 1960. English and French editions An International Institute of Science and Technology. Report of the working group appointed to study the question of establishing an Interna­ tional Institute of Science and Technology, NATO, Scientific Division, 1962. 57 p. English and French editions

R a m sa y , Norman F. Scientific and Technical Co-operation Special issue of the NATO Letter: Ten Years of Atlantic Co-operation, No. 4. 1959 NATO’s Role in Science NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 11, November 1960 Space Satellites NATO Letter, Vol. 9, No. 4, April 1961 Two tables giving the launching dates of Soviet and American satellites

G e l d a r d , Frank A. ed. Defence psychology. Proceedings of a symposium held in Paris, 1960 Oxford, London, New York, Paris, Pergamon Press for the Division of Scientific Affairs of NATO, 1962, 354 p. (NATO Conference Series, Vol. 1)

130 M a e lu m , B . ed. Electron Density Profiles in the Ionosphere and Exosphere Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Institute arranged by th e Norwegian Research Establishment, April 1961 Oxford, London, New York, Paris, Pergamon Press, 1962, 418 p . (NATO Conference Series, Vol. 2)

S c h r a d e r , Dr. Rudolf Science, Key to Defence NATO Letter, April 1963, p. 1 Professor RudolfS c h r a d e r , of the NATO Scientific Division, is the author of the book : Science and Policy, Pergamon Press/1963

Scientific Activities of NATO and some other international organizations NATO, Science Committee, May 21, 1963, 77 p. Roneotyped document, English and French versions

Science in the West A pamphlet published by NATO Information Service, Paris, 1964, 47 p.

Co-operation in the Nuclear Field, see Chapter V, Agreement on Co-operation regarding Atomic Information, p . 138

B — NON-NATO PUBLICATIONS

Problems of Scientific and Technical Manpower in Western Europe, the United States and Canada Organization for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC), July 1957

F e l d m a n , Arnold S. and K n o r r , Klaus American Capabilities in Basic Science and Technological Invention Princeton University International Study Centre, New Jersey Research Monograph, No. 7, March 1, 1960

Scientific and Technical Co-operation Organization for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) Report submitted by Mr. L. D. W ilg r ess , former Head of the Canadian Delegation to the OEEC and NATO March 1960

R ie b e n , Henri, C a r d is , François de, R a h m , Werner La Matière grise et l’Europe Centre de recherches européennes, Lausanne 1960, 103 p .

Science and the Policies of Governments. The implications of science and technology for national and international affairs Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, September 1963, 56 p. English and French editions

131 NATO AND CIVIL DEFENCE

Pamphlets dealing with Civil Defence in the NATO countries : Canada, Denmark, France, Germany (Federal Republic), Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Turkey, United Kingdom

Pamphlet : NATO Self-Help Guide, published by the Civil Emergency Planning Committee, 1963, 33 p. English and French editions

Articles :

Civil Defence Issue Supplement to the Review Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, March 1957

Roux, Maxime Ligne de force de la protection civile Revue de défense nationale, Paris, January 1958 and November- December 1958

R u d l e r , R aym on d La défense civile dans certains pays de l’OTAN Protection civile, Paris, March 1959

H o d s o l l , Sir John Civil Defence in the Atomic Age Special supplement on the 10th Anniversary of NATO Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam April 1959, p. 124, No. 9/10

Civil Emergency Planning Article published in the special number of the NATO Letter: Ten Years of Atlantic Co-operation April 1959, p. 31

T o f t e m a r k , Dr. C. Medical Problems in Civil Defence Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam No. 3, March 1957, p. 68

B o c q u e t , Colonel La protection civile à l’ère nucléaire Revue Militaire d'information, Paris, August-September 1960, p. 270

132 H u e b n e r , Lt. General Clarence R. What is Civil Defence? Military Review, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, February 1962, p. 65

K a h n , Herman F r o m m , Erich M a c c o b y , Michael A Debate on the Question of Civil Defence Survival, London, March-April 1962, p. 50

W r in c h , Major-General Arthur E. Survival Operations Military Review, Fort Leavenworth, May 1962, p. 85

NATO AND EUROPE*

EUROPEAN D EFENCE COMMUNITY (EDC) Press Releases : Final Communiqué of the Ninth Ministerial Meeting of the Council, Lisbon, February 20-25, 1952 Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on guarantees given by parties to members of the EDC Paris, May 27, 1952 Ministerial Meeting 15th-17th December 1952 : Resolution on the European Defence Community Paris, December 17, 1952 Resolution on the Organization of the European Defence Community, April 24, 1953 Non-ratification of the European Defence Community Treaty No. (54)22, September 17, 1954

WESTERN EUROPEAN UNION (WEU) London and Paris Agreements Resolution on the results of the Four-Power and Nine-Power Conferences, adopted by the North Atlantic Council, October 22, 1954 Resolution on the implementation of Section IV of the Final Act of the London Conference, Octobre 22, 1954

* Due t o lack of space it has been impossible to deal here with the problems of European economic integration.

133 General problems Speeches made by Mr. Dirk U. S t ik k e r at the General Assembly of the Atlantic Treaty Association on September 25 1962, pp. 12-13

Speech made by Mr. Dirk U. St ik k e r at the French Association for the Atlantic Community (AFCA) on January 31, 1962, pp. 6-7

Speech made by Mr. George B a l l , Under-Secretary for Defence, at the NATO Parliamentarians’ Conference, November 12-17,1962, p. 5 (European Economic Community)

Articles

W o l fer s , Arnold L’Europe et le bouclier de l’OTAN Politique étrangère, Paris, No. 5, 1958, p. 488

H in t e r h o f f , Eugène Esquisse d’un plan pour une solution européenne Politique étrangère, Paris, No. 1, 1959, p. 27

B u c h a n , Alastair Between Sword and Shield... the Slackening Threads Encounter, London July 1959, p. 28

D elm as , Claude L’Europe et l’Atlantique Revue de déjense nationale, Paris January 1960, p. 51

N u t t in g , A. Disarmament, Europe and Security International Affairs, London January 1960, p . 1 NATO and Europe NATO Letter, January 1962, Vol. 10, No. 1, p. 9 An account of the Seminar organized at Merienberg, November 19-27 1961

H a l l s t e in , Walter Le développement de la Communauté européenne et le nouvel équilibre atlantique Revue politique et parlementaire, Paris, December 1962, p. 3 Text of a speech delivered on November 12, 1962, at the NATO Parliamentarians’ Conference

134 NATO AND THE BERLIN QUESTION

THE NATO POSITION North Atlantic Treaty Article 6 of the North Atlantic Treaty London and Paris Agreements Resolution of association with the Three-Power Declaration on Berlin, October 23, 1954 Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the Accession of the Federal Republic of Germany, October 23, 1954 Press Releases : Paris, December 16, 1955, M4(55)2, para. 3 Bonn, May 2-3, 1957, (57)9, para. 6 Paris, December 16-19, 1957, M2(57)2, para. 2 Paris, December 16-18, 1958, M3(58)2, para. 2 Paris, December 16, 1958, Communiqué on Berlin, M3(58)l Washington, April 4, 1959, Ml(59)l, para. 3 Paris, December 22, 1959, M2(59)5, para. 5 Istanbul, May 4, 1960, M l(60)4, para. 2(d) Paris, December 18, 1960, M2(6O)3, para. 5 Oslo, May 10, 1961, Ml(61)6, para. 6 Paris, August 8, 1961, (61)17 Paris, December 15, 1961, M2(61)2, para. 5-8 Athens, May 6, 1962, M l(62)4, para. 2-4 Paris, December 15, 1962, M2(62)2, para. 6 Ottawa, May 24, 1963, Ml(63)4, para. 4

Speeches delivered b y Mr. Dirk U. S t ik k e r — at the NATO Parliamentarians’ Conference, Paris, November 13, 1961, pp. 16-17 — at the Assembly of the Western European Union, Paris, December 11, 1961, p. 11 — at the French Association for the Atlantic Community (AFCA), January 31, 1962, p. 3 — at the Study Institute on International Policy, Milan, April 5, 1962, p. 7 — at the General Assembly of the Atlantic Treaty Association, Copen­ hagen, September 25, 1962, pp. 4-5

Speech delivered by Ambassador Colonna di P a l ia n o at the NATO Parliamen­ tarians’ Conference, Paris, November 12, 1962, pp. 9 and 16.

A FEW DOCUMENTS Background to the Berlin Question NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 1, January 1959 A short background sketch

135 F r a n c e . Ministry of Foreign Affairs Documents de la Conférence de Genève May 11-June 20, 1959 and July 13-August 5, 1959 Collection of texts published by La Documentation française , Paris, 1959

Berlin’s Legal Status NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 5, May 1960, p. 17

The Reunification of Germany Central Office oj Information (C.O.I.) London, N o. R. 4583, April 1960

U n it e d K in g d o m . Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Selected Documents on Germany and the question of Berlin 1944-1961 London, H .M.S.O., 1961, XIII-483 p.

U n it e d St a t e s . State Department Berlin, City Between Two Worlds Department of State Publication 7089, October 1960. 22 p., maps Information pamphlet

U n it e d St a t e s . Senate, Committe on Foreign Relations Germany, 1944-1961 Washington, U .S. Government Printing Office, 1961, 832 p .

W e st er n E u r o p e a n U n io n (Assembly) Paris Berlin 1944-1961 Chronology of events regarding Berlin 1945-1961 together with a selection of official documents. Record prepared by Mr. A. Moiteur for the General Affairs Commission December 1962, 68 p. (A/WEU/GA(62)44)

ARTICLES AND BOOK

A l l e m a n , F . R. De Berlin à l’Allemagne Preuves, Paris, March 1959, p. 13

S c h ü t z , W . German Foreign Policy : Foundations in the West, Aims in the East International Affairs, London, July 1959, p. 310

J a s p e r , Karl Liberté et réunification Preuves, N o. 118, December 1960, p. 3 and January 1961, p. 26

136 B a r k e r , Elizabeth The Berlin Crisis 1958-1962 International Affairs, London, January 1963, p. 59

W in t e r , Bernard Berlin, enjeu et symbole Paris, Calmann-Levy, 1959, 193 p.

NATO AND MODERN WEAPONS

A — THE NATO POSITION Article 5 oj the North Atlantic Treaty: The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each oj them, in exercise oj the right oj individual or collective selj-dejence recognized by Article 51 oj the Charter oj the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking jorthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use oj armed jorce, to restore and maintain the security oj the North Atlantic area. Any such armed attack and all measures taken as a result thereoj shall immediately be reported to the Security Council. Such measures shall be terminated when the Security Council has taken the measures necessary to restore and maintain international peace and security NATO Press Releases see Reference Document: Sele cted NATO Statements o n D efen ce Policy. Roneo-typed document, April 1963, 8 p. It is to be noted that the decision to introduce modern weapons in the Atlantic Defence system was taken by the North Atlantic Council at its December 18, 1954 meeting

B — STATEMENTS

Speeches and articles by Mr. Dirk U. St ik k er — at the General Assembly of the Atlantic Treaty Association, September 25, 1962, pp. 7-8 ..... — at the Institute of Studies on International Policy in Milan, April 5, 1962, p. 12 .... — at the luncheon of the diplomatic press in Paris, April 1962, p. 3 (The Nassau proposals) — at the opening session of the Ottawa Meeting of the North Atlantic Council, May 22, 1963, pp. 4-5 (The Nassau proposals) article : The Corner-stone of Western Policy NATO Letter, June 1962, p. 4

137 Speeches made by Ambassador Colonna di P a l ia n o at the NATO Parliamen­ tarians’ Conference (p. 11) and by Mr. George B a l l , U.S. Under-Secretary for Defence (p. 8) Paris, N ovember 12, 1962

C — ATOMIC WEAPONS 1. NATO AGREEMENT NATO agreement on Co-operation Regarding Atomic Information Approved by the North Atlantic Council April 13, 1955 Signed in Paris June 22, 1955 effective for the United States March 29, 1956 NATO Press Release No. (55)6 United States TIAS 3521 United Nations 249 UNTS 3

2. BILATERAL ATOMIC AGREEMENTS : UNITED STATES — NATO MEMBER COUNTRIES The amendment of the Atomic Energy Act, effective July 2,1958, authorises the United States to pass certain atomic information and to provide certain fissionable materials and atomic equipment to her allies see : u n it e d sta tes , Congress Atomic Energy Legislation, 87th Congress, 2nd Session. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, December 1962 U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington

BELGIUM Agreement for co-operation on the use of atomic energy for mutual defence Signed in Brussels, May 17, 1962 Effective September 5, 1962 United States, TIAS 5157

CANADA Agreement on the exchange of atomic information for mutual defence Signed in Washington June 15, 1955 effective July 22, 1955 United States, TIAS 3305 Agreement on co-operation in the use of atomic energy for defence Signed May 22, 1959 effective July 27, 1959 United States, TIAS 4271

138 FRANCE Agreement on co-operation in the use of atomic energy for defence Signed in Washington May 7, 1959 effective July 20, 1959 United States, TIAS 4268 and France, Communiqué du ministère des Affaires étrangères dated 8th May, 1959

GERMANY Agreement on co-operation in the use of atomic energy for defence Signed in Bonn, May 5, 1959 effective July 27, 1959 United States, TIAS 4276

GREECE Agreement on co-operation in the use of atomic energy for defence Signed May 6, 1959 effective 11th August, 1959 United States, TIAS 4292

ITALY Agreement on co-operation in the use of atomic energy for defence Signed December 3, 1960 effective March 18, 1961 Not yet ratified

NETHERLANDS Agreement on co-operation in the use of atomic energy for defence Signed in The Hague May 6, 1959 effective July 27, 1959 United States, TIAS 4277 and Netherlands, Tractatenblad, 1959, No. 53

TURKEY Agreement on co-operation in the use of atomic energy for defence Signed in Ankara May 5, 1959 effective July 27, 1959 United States, TIAS 4278

139 UNITED KINGDOM Agreement on co-operation in civilian and military use of atomic energy Signed June 15, 1955 effective July 21, 1955 United States, TIAS 3322 United Kingdom, T.S. 52/1955, Cmnd. 9555 Agreement on co-operation in the use of atomic energy for defence Signed July 3, 1958 effective August 4 1958 United States, TIAS 4078 Extensions and amendments : May 7, 1959 United States, TIAS 4267 Note : For other defence agreements see Chapter II, p . 23

3. ATOMIC WEAPONS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW 1RBM (Strategic Missiles) Thor Jupiter Medium range tactical missiles Honest John Matador Corporal Anti-Aircraft Missiles Nike

St a so n , S. D . Ester, and P ie r c e , W. J. Atoms and the Law Ann Arbor, the University of Michigan Law School, 1959, 1512 p.

S in g h , Nagendra Nuclear Weapons and International Law Praeger, New York, 1959, 267 p.

N onnenmacher , G . C. La responsabilité dans le domaine de la réparation des sinistres atomiques Jahrbuch International Revue, 1959, Nos. 1 & 2, p. 59

S chwarzenberger , Georg The Legality of Nuclear Weapons London, Stevens and Sons, 1959, 72 p .

140 F is c h e r , Georges L’énergie atomique et les États-Unis. Droit interne et droit international Paris, Librairie générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, R. Pichon and R . Durond-Auzias, 1957, 408 p.

1. GENERAL Modem weapons within the framework of the United States Mutual Aid Programme (1957 Financial Year) April 12, 1957, Press Release No. (57)7 Final Communiqué of the Bonn Ministerial Meeting, May 2 and 3, 1957, No. (57)9, para. 3 Final Communiqué of the Heads of Government Meeting, December 16-19, 1957, No. M2(57)2, para. 21 : “The deployment of these stocks and missiles and arrangements for their use will accordingly be decided in conformity with NATO defence plans and in agreement with the states directly concerned” Final Communiqué of the Ministerial Meeting held in Paris, December 16­ 18, 1960, No. M2(6O)3, paragraph 7 Final Communiqué of the Ministerial Meeting, Athens, May 4-6, 1962, No. Ml(62)4, para. 8 (Polaris submarines for NATO)

2. NATO COMMON PRODUCTION OF GUIDED MISSILES Proposal for Common Production of Guided Missiles, January 17, 1959, Press Release No. (59)1 Conference on and exhibition of naval anti-aircraft guided missiles organized by the NATO Production and Logistics Division, -20, 1959 NATO Letter, Vol. 7, No. 4, April 1959, p. 31 HAWK Production Organization June 18, 1959, Press Release No. (59)8 Participating countries : Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Nether­ lands. Financial participation : United States Production of the Sidewinder Guided Missile August 12, 1959, Press Release No. (59)12 Participating countries : Denmark, Germany, Greece, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Turkey Financial participation : United States

* On Oct ober 21, 1959 the Council of the Western European Union approved an amendment to the Brussels Treaty removing the restriction on the construction of ground-to-air and air-to-air anti-aircraft missiles thus enabling Western Germany to participate into the Hawk and Sidewinder schemes.

141 Delivery of Sidewinders November 25, 1961, Press Release (61)23 and NATO Letter, Vol. 10, No. 1, January 1962, p. 14 Common production of the Bullpup missile , 1962, Press Release (62)14 Air-to-ground missile manufactured in Europe by United Kingdom, Denmark, Norway and Turkey with U .S. assistance in documentation and technical services NATO Missile Firing Installation (NAMFI) in Crete Construction started since early 1963, will be operational in 1965 for the training and conduct of annual service firing practice by NATO Nike, Hawk and Sergeant missile units Participating countries : Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Belgium, Turkey, United States, Greece, Italy NATO Letter, February 1954, p. 24 See table on p. 59 regarding production agreements signed under the United States Mutual Assistance Programme

3. INFORMATION REGARDING DELIVERY BY THE UNITED STATES OF GUIDED MISSILES TO CERTAIN NATO MEMBER COUNTRIES Most of the following information has been obtained from Keesing’s Contem­ porary Archives See also Chapter II for officially published agreements United States/Belgium Nike — Honest John Agreement announced by the Belgian Defence Ministry, December 10, 1957 United States/Canada Bomarc — Honest John (for the Canadian army in Europe) Incorporation of the American Bomarc guided missile into the Canadian Air Defence system announced by Mr. Diefenbaker, September 23, 1958 Agreement for acquisition of nuclear warheads from the United States announced by Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson, August 1, 1963 (Nuclear warheads will remain under American control) United States/Denmark Honest John — Nike (without atomic warheads) Agreement announced by the Danish Parliament, June 19, 1957 Equipment for the first Danish Nike rocket battalion handed over to Danish authorities, May 6, 1959

142 United States/German Federal Republic Honest John — Nike — Matador — Sergeant — Mace — Pershings Agreement announced March 18, 1958 Approval of the supply ofSergeant missiles by the Defence Committee of the German Parliament, January 22, 1960 Announcement of a German order for Mace missiles, March 1, 1960 News about an order for Pershings placed by the German Federal Government appeared in the newspaper Die Welt, July 25, 1961

United States/Greece Nike — Honest John Agreement announced January 26, 1958 Announcement by the Greek Government that equipment for the first Greek Nike — Hercules anti-aircraft guided missiles was ready for delivery in the United States, March 15, 1960

United States/Italy Honest John — Tartar Terrier systems — Nike — Jupiter Agreement in principle announced in the Italian Parliament, January 24, 1958 Jupiter squadrons became operational in spring 1960 Approval by the Italian Government of the withdrawal of the Jupiter missiles from Italy, January 24, 1963

United States/Netherlands Nike — Honest John Agreement announced, January 13, 1958 Announcement on January 22, 1960 that 4 Nike anti-aircraft units would be stationed in Germany in the framework of NATO Storage of atomic warheads confirmed by the N etherlands Defence Ministry, November 30, 1960

United States/Norway Honest John — Nike (without atomic warheads) Agreement announced in the Norwegian Parliament, June 6, 1957 Agreement by Norwegian authorities for a consignment of Sidewinder air-to-air missiles, October 6, 1958 Delivery of equipment for the first Norwegian Nike battalion, end of July 1959

143 United States/Turkey Nike — Honest John Agreement on supply of missiles and training of Turkish Army officers in the United States announced December 9, 1957

Jupiter The Jupiter squadron in Turkey became operational in Spring 1961 Announcement made by the Turkish Foreign Minister on the withdrawal of Jupiter missiles sites and their replacement by Polaris submarines in Mediterranean, March 23, 1963 (These sites had been established in 1959)

United States/ United Kingdom Corporal — Honest John — Thor — Polaris Agreement in principle between President Eisenhower and Mr. Mac­ millan, at the Bermuda Conference, on the supply by the United States of certain guided missiles to the United Kingdom. (Annex XI to Bermuda Conference communiqué) March 24, 1957 Delivery of Corporal missiles started in May 1957 Agreement concluded in conformity with NATO decisions and in application of the Agreement on Mutual Defence of January 17, 1950, for a period of five years February 22, 1958 (United States. TIAS 3990 and NATO Letter, March 1958, p. 11) Statement about Honest Johns missiles made in the House of Commons by the Secretary of State for War, March 9, 1960 Withdrawal of Thor missiles (delivered between September 1958 and March 1960) announced in the House of Commons, August 1, 1962 Agreement for the sale by the United States of 1OO Polaris missiles to Britain (United Kingdom. H .M.S.O. Cmnd 1995) April 6, 1963

Articles

O s t r a n d e r , General Den. R. La production coordonnée d’engins en Europe Revue Militaire Générale, October 1959

K is s in g e r , Henry A. Missiles and the Western Alliance Foreign Affairs, New York, April 1958, p. 383

144 B u c h a n , Alastair Strategy in the Missile Age NATO Letter, Vol. 6, No. 8, August 1958

J a c k s o n , Col. Bennett L. Nuclear Weapons and NATO Military Review, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, April 1959, p. 16

S im o n s , Howard World-Wide Capabilities for Production of Nuclear Weapons Survival, London, September 1959, p. 123 Armement nucléaire national et force atomique de l’OTAN Revue de déjense nationale, Paris, December 1960, p. 2042 Reflections on the Quarter : Nuclear Sharing Orbis, University of Pennsylvania, Vol. IV, No. 1, Spring 1960, p. 3 Advantages for the Atlantic Alliance of atomic integration What the Western Deterrent is : I Britain’s Share Worthwhile II NATO’s Nuclear Contribution The Times, London, May 9 and 10, 1960, p. 13

B e a u f r e , General Armes modernes et stratégie Revue militaire générale, Paris, June 1960, p. 3 Men and Missiles NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 8, , p. 9 Report on RAF and USAF installations in Great Britain

M a r r i s , Robin The World of Polaris Survival, London, November-December 1960, Vol. 2, No. 6, p. 229

W ohlstetter, A. Nuclear Sharing : NATO and the N + 1 Country Foreign Affairs, New York, April 1961, p. 355 Article reprinted under the title : “Case against spreading the deterrent”, in the British magazine European-Atlantic Review, May-June 1961, p. 18

M ik s c h e , F. O. The case for nuclear sharing Orbis, autumn 1961, p . 292

145 V a l l u y , Je a n The Development of the Deterrent Formula NATO Letter, January 1962, Vol. X, No. 1, p. 21

Carpentier, General M . Déclarations et réalités Revue Militaire Générale, Paris, March 1962, p. 404 (A Central Europe nuclear force)

Splitting NATO’s Atoms The Economist, London, December 8, 1962, p. 991 and 15th December, 1962, p. 1103

M u r p h y , Charles J. V. NATO at a nuclear Crossroads Fortune, Chicago, December 1962, p. 85 Western European Union. Assembly State of European Security. Disarmament and the nuclear age Document 266, April 1963 State of European Security. The NATO nuclear force after the Nassau Agreement Document 268, April 1963 State of European Security. Navies in the nuclear age Document 269, April 1963 Three reports presented to the General Assembly of the Western European Union by the Chairman of the Committee on Defence Questions and Armaments, Mr. Kliesing (Germany). In the course of the discussion on these reports, Mr. von Hassel, Defence Minister of the Federal Republic of Germany, made a statement on German military policy (Western European Union, Official Report A/WEU(9) CR5, June 6, 1963)

S c h e l l in g , Thomas Les armements nucléaires, l’OTAN et la nouvelle stratégie Politique étrangère, Paris, No. 2, 1963, p. 101

K n o r r , Klaus A NATO Nuclear Force : the Problem of Management Center of International Studies. Woodrow Wilson School of Publi c and International Affairs, Princeton University, 1963, 21 p.

A r o n , Raymond I Le grand débat nucléaire de 1’Occident II Anglais et Allemands face à la doctrine McNamara III La force de frappe française Le Figaro littéraire, Paris, June 22 and 29 and July 6 Kissinger, Henry A. NATO’s N uclear Dilemma Reporter, New York, March 28, 1963, p. 22

Books See Chapter X, Collective Security

NATO AND DISARMAMENT

THE NATO POSITION

Press Releases Paris, December 16-19, 1957, M2(57)2, para. 8 Copenhagen, May 5, 1958, M(58)4, para. 5 and 9 Paris, May 6, 1959, (59)4, Communiqué on defence planning and disarmament Paris, December 17, 1959, M2(59)4, para. 4 and M2(59)5, para. 3 to 5 Istanbul, May 2-4, 1960, M l(60)4, para. 2/b. Paris, December 16-18, 1960, M2(6O)3, para. 4 Oslo, May 8-10, 1961, Ml(61)6, para. 7 Paris, May 13-15, 1961, M2(61)2, para. 3 and 4 Athens, May 4-6, 1962, Ml(62)4, para. 2 and 3 Ottawa, May 24, 1963, Ml(63)4, para. 6

Speeches made by Mr. Dirk U. S tik k e r — at the N ATO Parliamentarians’ Conference, Paris, November 13, 1961, p. 13 — at the Assembly of Western European Union, Paris, December 11, 1961, P- 11 . . . — at the Institute of Studies on International Policy, Milan, April 5, 1962, p. 10 and 11 — at the General Assembly of the Atlantic Treaty Association, September 25, 1962, pp. 9-10

SOME DOCUMENTS The reader may also consult the following sources of information : France, Ministry of Foreign Aifairs Documents dealing with disarmament 1954-1959 Paris, Imprimerie nationale, January 1960 Collection of texts France, Documentation française 1. Documents relatifs au Plan Rapacki October 1957-February 1958, A.D. No. 0.623

147 2. Documents sur le Désarmement Series : N otes et Études Documentaires March 28, 1960, N.D. 2.651 March 30, 1960, N.D. 2.652 March 31, 1960, N.D. 2.653 United Kingdom. Central Office of Information (COI) The Disarmament Question, 1945-1956 COI, London, 1956, Pamphlet 54 p. United States. Department of State Disarmament... The Intensified Effort Publication No. 6676. General Foreign Policy, Series 131 July 1959, Pamphlet 65 p. Le Désarmement Chronique de politique étrangère, published by l’institut royal des Relations internationales, Brussels. Special number, March 1960, prepared by General André Servais Outline of the problem since 1940 together with a selection of seventeen texts from official sources covering the period 1952-1959 United States. Department of State Historical Office Documents on Disarmament 1945-1959 (2 volumes) Documents on Disarmament 1960 (1 volume) Washington, Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Printing Office, 1960 and 1962

ARTICLES AND BOOKS

G aitskell, Hugh Disarmament, Why, How? Foreign Affairs, New York, July 1955, p. 539

L a n g e , Halvard Experiments with Practical Arms Control Arrangements in Europe European Atlantic Review, London, summer 1958, p. 10

Khrouchtchev, Nikita Pacific Coexistence Foreign Affairs, New York, October 1959 See also : “Disarmament is the Road to the Strengthening of Peace”, report presented on January 14, 1960 at the Session of the Supreme Soviet Collection : Études soviétiques, Paris See also : the interview with Pierre Cot published in Horizons, Paris, February 1960

148 M ik s c h e , F . O . Désarmement et neutralisation Revue Militaire Générale, Paris, March 1960, p. 310 Western Disarmament Plan NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 4, April 1960, p. 24 Chronology of U.S. disarmament policy 1958-1960

B o w ie , Robert R. Basic Requirements of Arms Control Survival, London, Vol. 2, No. 6, November-December 1960, p. 234 Article reprinted from the review Daedalus, autumn 1960

Kissinger, Henry A. Arms Control, Inspection and Surprise Attack NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 12, December 1960, p. 15 Article reprinted from the U.S. magazine Foreign Affairs, July 1960

A r o n , Raymond Espoir et peur du siècle Paris, Calmann-Lévy, 1957 See Chapter : De la guerre, armes atomiques et diplomatie planétaire, p. 239

H interhoff, Eugène Disengagement London, Stevens and Sons, 1959, XI-445 p. At annex is a list of disengagement proposals made since 1946. See also by the same author : The Problem of Disengagement, Revue Militaire Générale, Paris, February 1960, p. 186

K e n n a n , George F . Russia, the Atom and the West London, Oxford University Press, 1958, 120 p. Six conferences (Reith Lectures) published by the weekly The Listener More recently : Russia, the Atom and the West 1959, The Listener, London, 29th October, 1959

M o c h , Jules La folie des hommes Paris, Robert Laffont, 1954, XI-287 p. With a preface by Einstein

149 N u t t i n g , Anthony Disarmament... An Outline of the Negotiations London, Oxford University Press, 1959, XI-51 p. (Royal Institute of International Affairs)

B l o o m fie l d , Lincoln P. Arms Control and World Government

B e t h e , Hans A. Disarmament and Strategy Survival , London, November-December 1962, p. 250 and 267

B u l l , H e a d ly The Control of the Anns Race. Disarmament and arms control in the missile age London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1961, 215 p.

E c o n o m ist (th e ) I ntelligence U n it The Economic Effects of Disarmament London, The Economist Intelligence Unit, and Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1963, XIII-224 p.

N o el -B a k e r , P h ilip The Arms Race. A Programme of World Disarmament London, Stevens and Sons, 1958, XVIII-579 p.

S t r a c h e y , John On the Prevention of War London, Macmillan, 1962, 334 p.

Sc h e l l in g , Thomas C. Halperin, Morton H . Strategy and Arms Control New York, The Twentieth Century Fund, 1961, 148 p.

150 NATO AND. CYPRUS Discussion on Cyprus in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Her majesty’s stationery office (HMSO) Three North Atlantic Council documents : Proposals submitted to the Council by the Secretary-General, 24th September, 1958 Minutes of Council discussion Text of Secretary General’s letter attached to the above documents Miscellaneous No. 14 (1958), Cmnd. 566, September-October 1958 Final Communiqué of the Ministerial Meeting of the Council, The maque, May 14, 1964, § 8 Cyprus H.M.S.O., London, Cmnd. 1093, July 1960 Document on the setting-up of the Republic of Cyprus 22 p. map. Cyprus Central Office of Information, London, R. 4426, July 1960 Background and political data on the Cyprus question, 28 p. Cyprus Treaty of Guarantee H.M.S.O., London, Treaty Series No. 5 (1961), Cmnd. 1253

SPAIN Resolutions passed by the U.S. House of Representatives in favour of Spain’s admission to NATO July 14, 1955 and March 20, 1957

M ansfield, Senator H e a le y , Denis Should Franco’s Spain be Admitted to NATO? Western World, Paris, November 1957, p. 31 Les bases américaines en Espagne Documentation jrançaise, A.D. No. 0.661, June 7, 1958 An article translated from The Guardian, Manchester, May 6, 1958

W h it a k e r , Arthur P. Spain and Defence of the West New York, Harper and Brothers, 1961, p. 8 L’Espagne et sa politique étrangère Politique étrangère, Paris, No. 1, 1961, XVIII-4O8, p. 5

B o y n e , H . H. Spain and Europe : A Fresh Look Daily Telegraph, London, 1st June, 1961, p. 14

151 B l a n c , F ra n ç o is L’importance de PEspagne dans la stratégie des États-Unis. Revue de Défense Nationale, Paris, , p. 404

SWEDEN Declaration on Swedish neutrality made by Mr. Erlander, Prime Minister February 20, 1949

W e s tr in g , General Gustav e Adolf Le problème des armes atomiques en Suède Revue Militaire Générale, Paris, March 1958, p. 322 An argument in favour of the adoption of nuclear arms, based on the example afforded by NATO

Honest Broker of the North The Economist, London, May 17, 1958, p. 602 Swedish neutrality, the Adam plan

L u n d , Colonel Nils La Suède et le Pacte Atlantique Revue Militaire Générale, Paris, February 1960, p. 149

H e k s c h e r , Pr. G. Sweden and the East-West Conflict Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, No. 16, p. 1OO An appraisal of the current Swedish political attitude

Sweden’s Way. Odd man in The Economist, London, March 30, 1963, p. 1235

IRELAND I n g l is , Brian Should Ireland Join NATO ? NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 10, October 1960

SWITZERLAND Armée : NATO-Konform Der Spiegel, Hamburg, September 7, 1960, p. 47 The Swiss Military Command and NATO

152 SCHÀRER, M. Switzerland Prepared Fifteen Nations, Amsterdam, No. 13, 1960, p. 80

S t r a n n e r , Henri Neutralité suisse et solidarité européenne Lausanne, Payot, 1960, 293 p .

HUNGARY Final Communiqué of the Ministerial Meeting. December 11-14, 1956 M2(56)3, paragraph 7

SUEZ Final Communiqué of the Ministerial Meeting, 11-14 December, 1956 M2(56)3, paragraph 6 Speeches delivered by Mr. Spaak at the Bruges Conference, September 14, 1957 Speeches Series, No. 90

CUBA NATO Shows Solidarity behind U.S. Actions Daily Radio Bulletin, October 24, 1962, No. 297 Speeches delivered by Messrs. G. Colonna di Paliano, Couve de M ur v i l l e and George B a l l at the NATO Parliamentarians’ Conference, Paris, Novem­ ber 12, 1962 Speech delivered by Mr. D. U. S ti k k e r at the Ottawa Meeting of the North Atlantic Council, May 22, 1963 Press Release M l(63)1, p. 3

V e r n a n t , Jacques La crise cubaine Revue de déjense nationale, Paris, December 1962, p. 1919

M ackintosh, Malcolm Soviet Motives in Cuba Survival, London, January-February, 1963, p . 16

153

CHAPTER VI

THE ATLANTIC COMMUNITY

Text of Article 2 of the North Atlantic Treaty : The parties will contribute toward the further development of peaceful and friendly international relations by strengthening their free institutions, by bringing about a better understanding of the principles upon which these institutions are founded, and by promoting conditions of stability and well­ being. They will seek to eliminate conflict in their international economic policies and will encourage economic collaboration between any or all of them NATO DECISIONS IN THIS FIELD Setting-up of the Atlantic Community Committee (Committee of Five) September 20, 1951 Approval of the Committee of Five’s report by the North Atlantic Council, meeting in Lisbon February 25, 1952 Resolution on implementation of Article 2 of the North Atlantic Treaty December 18, 1952 Setting-up of the Committee of Three during the Ministerial Meeting of the Council, May 5, 1956 Committee of Three report and its approval by the Council at Ministerial Meeting December 14, 1956 For economic questions see pp. 96 and 198 See also the selection of articles and books on cultural questions, pp. 104 and 196

155 A. CULTURAL ACTIVITIES

A — NATO-INSPIRED PROJECTS

1. NATO Fellowships Programme The decision to establish a fellowship programme enabling students and professors to study problems of interest to the Alliance, was made public on July 16, 1955. Since that date the annual fellowship programme as well as the names of Fellows have been published regularly Press Releases Nos. (55)15, (56)6, (56)18, (57)6, (57)13, (58)20, (59)14, (60)3, (61)7, (61)20, (62)6, (63)3 For a list of theses prepared under this programme see Annex Science Fellowship Programme, see Chapter V : Scientific and Technical Co-operation

2. NATO Visiting Projessorships Programme NATO Letter, Vol. 7, No. 1, January 1959

B — ACTIVITIES INSPIRED BY PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS

1. — CONFERENCES ON SUBJECTS OF INTEREST TO THE ATLANTIC COMMUNITY

First Study Conjerence on the Atlantic Community Oxford, September 7-18, 1952 Organized by the British Society for International Understanding The summary of this conference appeared under the title : Report of the First International Study Conference on the North Atlantic Community, London (bilingual edition)

Second Study Conjerence on the Atlantic Community, Copenhagen, August 30-September 5, 1953 The summary of this Conference has been published in two pamphlets: Report of the Second International Study Conference on the North Atlantic Community, London, edited by the International Atlantic Com­ mittee, 1953 (bilingual edition), and : Second International Study Conference on the Atlantic Community, Copenhagen, edited by the Danish Society for Atlantic Pact and Democracy, 1953

156 Oxford University Seminar Oxford, July 14-28, 1956 Seminar organized at St. Anthony’s College, Oxford, by the Delegacy for Extra-Mural Studies

Princeton University International Conference Princeton, June 19-20, 1957 The report was prepared by Gardner Patterson and Edgar S . Furniss on the basis of the work of the conference under the title : NATO, A Critical Appraisal.

Round Table Conference in London London, House of Commons: July 3, 1957 Organized by the British Atlantic Committee

Bruges Conference College of Europe, September 9-14, 1957 Organized under the patronage of the College of Europe and on the initiative of Professors Strausz-Hupe and Hans Kohn. This conference was the starting point of later meetings aiming at the strengthening of the Atlantic Community (summary published in the Cahiers de Bruges, 1957, III and IV)

Conference of the Hague The Hague, April 12-18, 1958 Organized by the Netherlands Atlantic Committee on the theme “The Atlantic Alliance in 1958”

Oxford Conference Oxford, August 5-15, 1959 Organized by the Atlantic Treaty Association

Conference of Friburg Friburg, April 20-26, 1960 Seminar organized by Friburg University under the direction of Professor Berstrasse. The report appeared under the title Das Atlandsche Bundniss (The Atlantic Alliance) 73 p. pamphlet published by Rombach and Gurbh, Friburg, 1960

Round Table Conference in London London, House of Lords, January 31-February 1, 1961 ^ Conference organized on the theme “Battle for Minds of Men . Report published by the British Atlantic Committee, London, 1961, 41 p. pamphlet

157 The Atlantic Community and the School Conference Bath, February 4-5, 1961 R egional Conference organized by the European Atlantic Movement

Atlantic Unity in a Changing World Conference London, Church House, Westminster, March 11, 1961 Conference for secondary school teachers organized by the British Atlantic Committee

NATO and Europe Seminars Seminars and courses organized by the Centre International de Formation Européenne (C.I.F.E.) La Brévière (France), May 10-14, 1961, reserved for officers Burgliebenzell (Germany), March 18-24, 1962. reserved for officers Hennefsieg (Germany), November 18-24, 1962, reserved for officers Marly-le-Roi (France), April 30 to May 5, 1963, reserved for officers See NATO Letter, January 1962, pp. 9 and 21, and January 1963, p . 19

Le Monde Libre, Communauté Atlantique Aosta (Italy), July 7 to September 14, 1963 Courses for the Collège Universitaire d ’Études Fédéralistes given by Messrs. Claude Delmas, Ludwig Trautwelser, Franz Gross, Gerhard Mally, Strausz-Hupé

Réalités Européennes du Présent Poigny-la-Forêt (France), June 8 and 9, 1963 Seminar organized by the Centre International de Formation Européenne (C.I.F.E.). Among the speeches, “Europe and the United States” by J. B. Duroselle

Atlantic Convention Paris, January 8-20, 1962 During this meeting the text of the Declaration of Paris was approved See NATO Letter, February 1962, p. 15, and Chapter III of this Biblio­ graphy, p. 83

AFCA Conference Paris, January 26-28, 1962 A conference organized by AFCA for forty newspaper directors and editors of NATO member countries See NATO Letter, March 1962, p. 16 Atlantic Days Brussels, June 4-7, 1963 Organized by the Belgian Committee for the Atlantic Institute and the Belgian Atlantic Association See NATO Letter, September, 1963, p. 27

158 2. ATLANTIC INSTITUTE The Atlantic Institute is a private body established for the study of problems of interest to the Atlantic Community Headquarters : 24, quai du 4-Septembre, Boulogne, Seine, France

Director General: W . D o w n l in g , United States Executive Secretary : W . Walmsley, United States Origin : Declaration of Atlantic Unity, December 1954 Bruges Conference on the Atlantic Community, 1957 Reports and Resolutions of the Atlantic Treaty Association and the Parliamentarians’ Conference Resolutions of the Atlantic Congress, London, June 1959 Setting up of a provisional organizing committee, Brussels, October 1959 Establishment of the Atlantic Institute, January 1, 1961 Publications Pamphlet : The Atlantic Institute, 1962, 17 p. Books : Partnership for Progress by Pierre Uri, New York, Harper and Row, 1963. xxxm-126 p., and French edition : Dialo gue des Continents, par Pierre U ri , Paris, Plon, 1963, 189p. The Free World’s Aims for Humanity, Paris, The Atlantic Institute, 1963, 106 p.

159 B. NATO AND YOUTH*

1 . INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES AND SEMINARS organised by NATO for the leaders of Youth Mo vements a) At NATO Headquarters First conference : July 26-29, 1955 See NATO Letter, Vol. 3, No. 7, Second conference : July 23-27, 1956 See NATO Letter, Vol. 4, No. 8, Conference organized for editors of youth publications : January 30-February 2, 1957 See NATO Letter, Vol. 5, No. 2, February 1957 Course for leaders of Youth Movements, January 13-16, 1959 See NATO Letter, Vol. 7, No. 2, February 1959 Congress of the European School Magazine Association September 27-October 3, 1961 Study tour for North American Young Politicians November 15-30, 1961 Orientation tour of the British Group of Young Politicians May 28-30, 1962 Orientation Tour for Icelandic Youth Leaders October 24-28, 1962 Visit of Liberal Students of the Netherlands January 28-29, 1963 Study Tour for Dutch Youth Leaders February 14-15, 1963 Study Tour for North American Young Politicians (prior to the Third Atlantic Conference of Young Political Leaders) March 7-16, 1963

b) International seminars: Marly-le-Roi: November 29-December 4, 1959 Organized by the Institut National d’Education populaire de France NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 1, January 1960 Oxford : July 9-16, 1960 Organized by the British Committee of the World Youth Assembly, on the theme : Youth and International Education Istanbul: August 1-13, 1960 Organized by the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs

* See also NATO and Youth, a pamphlet published by the NATO Information Service.

160 Copenhagen : September 25-October 1, 1960 Organized by the Danish Youth Council Bonn : October 2-7, 1960 Organized by the Ring Politischer Jugend Oslo : June 4-10, 1961 Organized by the Norwegian Committee on International Information and Youth A thens: -September 14, 1961 Organized for students by the Greek Royal Ministry for Foreign Affairs Birkeroed, Denmark : September 24-30, 1961 Organized by the Danish Youth Council for young trade unionists and workers Windsor, Canada: February 15-18, 1962 Organized for students by the National Federation of Canadian University Students Bifrost, Iceland : June 10-16, 1962 Organized for youth leaders by the Atlantic Youth Association of Iceland (Vardberg) Port Cros : August 1961, August 1962 and August 1963 Study camps for students organized by the French Association for the Atlan­ tic Community (AFCA) Oosterbeek, Netherlands : August 13-27, 1962 Organized for students by the Ministry of Education and Sciences Brejdablik, Denmark: October, 7-13, 1962 Organized by the Danish Youth Council for young trade unionists and workers Bonn, Germany: January 17-18, 1963 Organized by the Political Youth Council (Ring Politischer Jugend), Executive Committee of the Second Atlantic Conference for Young Political Leaders Reimscheid, Germany: February 1-3, 1963 Organized by the United Nations Student Movement (ISSF) Aachen Bonn, Germany : March 17-20, 1963 Organized by the Ring Politischer Jugend. (Third Atlantic Conference for Young Political Leaders)

2. WEEKEND COURSES AND SEMINARS organized on a National Level f or Youth Leaders and University Students — 1958 to 1963 These courses have existed since September, 1958. They are reviewed regularly in the NATO Letter.

Belgium La Roche : April 25-26, 1959 Organized by the National Council of Belgian Youth

161

G Antwerp : March 26-27, 1960 Organized by the National Council of Belgian Youth Brabant : November 15-17, 1962 Organized by the Belgian Atlantic Committee (Colloque Occidental des Étudiants) in co-operation with the Journal Universitaire Européen

Canada Halifax : September 22-23, 1960 Organized by the National Federation of Canadian University Students in liaison with the Canadian Atlantic Co-ordinating Committee

Denmark Breidablik, Holte : January 3 0 -31, 1960 Organized by the Danish Youth Council Espergaerde : September 25-October 1, 1960 Organized on the theme : Western Co-operation and Trade Union Youth, by the Danish Youth Council Copenhagen : January 24-25, 1962 Organized by the Danish Youth Council Copenhagen : March 9-10, 1963 Organized by the Danish Youth Council

Germany (Federal Republic of) Bonn : September 21-26, 1958 See NATO Letter, Vol. 6, Nos. 9 and 10, September-October, 1958 Bonn : January 14-16, 1960 Bonn : February 6-7, 1960 Organized by the Council of Political Youth, Ring Politischer Jugend, in co-operation with the Atlantic Treaty Association Bonn : January 1-6, 1961 Conference for secondary school teachers, organized by the German Atlantic Committee Baden-Württemberg — October 7-8, 1961 Organized by the Ring Politischer Jugend Bonn : December, 1961 Organized by the Ring Politischer Jugend Bonn : February 25-March 3, 1962 Organized by the Ring Politischer Jugend Bonn : March 25-31, 1962 \ Week-end Courses April 29-May 5, 1962 organized by the Ring May 27-June 2, 1962 J Politischer Jugend Bonn : September 9-15, 1962 Organized by the Ring Politischer Jugend

162 Bonn : January 18-19, 1963 Organized by the Ring Politischer Jugend Greece Athens : April 6, 1962 Organized by the “Pandios” School of Political Science Iceland Keflavik : February 10-11, 1962 ■ Organized by the Atlantic Youth Association of Iceland (Vardberg) Reykjavik : December, 1962 (Series of Conferences) Reykjavik : January 19-20, 1963 Organized by Vardberg Italy Rome : December 15-20, 1958 Organized by the Political Youth Circle See NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 12, December 1958 Rome : January 16-17, 1960 Organized by the Italian Atlantic Youth Committee Bologna : April 29-May 1, 1960 Organized by the same Committee Perugia: July 15-17, 1960 Organized by the same Committee N aples: March 17-19, 1961 Organized by the same Committee Florence : December 16-17, 1961 Organized by the Italian Atlantic Youth Committee Luxembourg Hosigen : September 24-25, 1960 Organized by the Youth Commission of the Ministry for Armed Forces Esch-sur-Alzette : July 8, 1962 Organized by the Youth Commission of the Ministry of Armed Forces Netherlands The Hague : April 25, 1959 Organized by the Council of Political Youth Organizations in liaison with the European Youth Campaign The Hague : November 21, 1959 Organized by the Liaison Committee for Political Youth (Politicke Jongeren Contact Raad) The Hague : April 23, 1960 Organized by the same Committee

163 The Hague : June 29-30, 1960 Organized by the Netherlands Students’ Association for a Legal World Order (Nederlandse Studentenvereniging voor Wereldrechtsorde) The Hague: May 13, 1961 and May 27, 1961 Organized by the Liaison Committee for Political Youth (Politicke Jonge- ren Contact Raad) The Hague : May 13-27, 1961 Organized by the Politicke Jongeren Contact Raad (Political Youth Liaison Committee) The Hague : November 24, 1962 Organized by the Netherlands Atlantic Youth Committee

Norway G jorik: August 17-29, 1959 Organized by University Students, under the auspices of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs NATO Letter, Vol. 7, No. 10, October 1959 Oslo : November 21-22, 1959 Organized by the Norwegian Committee on International Information and Work for Youth O slo: December 5-6, 1960 Organized by the same Committee Oslo: March 18-19, 1961 Organized by the same Committee Oslo : April 8-9, 1961 Organized by the same Committee Oslo : May 27-28, 1961 Organized by the same Committee Oslo : September 9-10, 1961 Organized by the Norwegian Committee for International Information and Youth Work (N.I.U.) Oslo: December 2-3, 1961 ) Weekend courses December 9-10, 1961 / organized by N.I.U. Oslo : January 27-28, 1962 Organized by the Norwegian Committee for International Information and Youth Work Oslo: May 19-20, 1962 Organized by the same Committee Melsom: July 15-22, 1962 Organized by the same Committee Oslo : During 1962 Organized with the co-operation of the Norwegian Atlantic Committee. (A series of conferences for the Norwegian Armed Forces)

164 Leangkollen : November 24-25, 1962 Organized by the N.I.U. Stavanger : January 19-20, 1963 Organized by the same Committee Turkey Ankara : April 4, 1962 Organized by the National Organization of Turkish Youth (TMGT) (Two-week commemoration of the 10th anniversary of Turkey’s entry into NATO) Ankara : April, 1962 Organized by the Institute of International Relations of the Faculty of Political Science, University of Ankara United Kingdom London : December 13-14, 1958 Organized by the European Youth Campaign Oxford : August 5-15, 1959 Seminar for teachers. Organiz ed by the British Atlantic Committee NATO Letter, Vol. 7, No. 8, August 1959, and No. 9, September, 1959 Kingston-upon-Thames: February 6, 1960 Conference organized by the British Atlantic Committee for Surrey school directors London : February 13-14, 1960 Organized by the European Youth Campaign for Young Members of Parliament and Political Youth Leaders London : May 28-30, 1962 Organized by the British Atlantic Group of You ng Politicians United States Long Island : February 22, 1962 Organized by the Young Democrats of Nassau, L.I. New York : September, 1962 Organized by the Young Adult Council Springfield, Mass. : March 27-30, 1963 Organized by the Association of International R elations Clubs Owing to lack of space it is impossible to give here a complete list of weekend conferences held in member countries

3. CONFERENCES ORGANIZED BY THE A.T.A. 1. I nternational Study Conferences on Education First Conference NATO, Paris, September 3-7, 1956 Report entitled : The Role of the School in the Atlantic Community, pamphlet published by the A.T.A., 1956, 80 p.

165 Second Conference NATO, Paris, September 1-15, 1958 International Relations in the School — Outline of a Guide for Teachers. This document formed the basis of the work of the Conference. Pamphlet published by the A.T.A. 1958 Third Conference Luxembourg, July 3-8, 1960 Recommendations grouped under the heading : Transatlantic Understanding in the Schools Pamphlet published by the A. T. A., 1960 See also NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 9, September, 1960, p. 8. Youth in the Atlantic Community Fourth Conference Strasbourg, July 23-28, 1962 The Teaching and Study of International Affairs in Secondary Scho ols. Report of the 4th Educational Study Conference. A pamphlet, 56 p. See also NATO Letter, September 1962, p. 17 A Steering Committee met several times between these Conferences

2. Study Conferences of University Professors First conference : International Relations in the University Paris, September 5-10, 1960 Conference organized jointly with the North Atlantic Studies Committee Report published by A.T.A., London, 1960, pamphlet Second Conference Paris, September 3-8, 1962 Conference organized at the NATO Headquarters on the theme : Decolonisation and the Atlantic Community

3. Atlantic Conferences of Political Youth First Conference NATO, Paris, July 7-11, 1958 A summary was published in the NATO Letter, Vol. 6, No. 8, August, 1958 Report published by the A.T.A., London, 1958, pamphlet Second Conference Washington, May 26-June 2, 1960 Report published by the A.T.A. London, 1960, in pamphlet form Third Conference ' Bonn, March 17-21, 1963 The resolutions of this conference were published in the Atlantic Mail, No. IX, May 1963 A Steering Committee met several times between these conferences

166 4. Holiday Camp in Denmark Holiday camp organized for the winners of the Danish A.T.A. comp etition in the summer of 1960 NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 3, March 1960

Other national a ctivities : See p. 156 : Conferences on the Atlantic Community, and conferences organized on a national basis

167 C. PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFENCE OF WESTERN VALUES

STUDIES

L in e b a r g e r , Paul M . A. Psychological Warfare, New York, Duell, Sloane and Pearce, 1960 Definition and historical outline, organization and working of psycho­ logical warfare

M o n t ir ia n , Charles La Paix Révolutionnaire, riposte à la subversion Paris, Pion, Tribune Libre series, 1958, 211 p.

DOCUMENTATION, ARTICLES AND SPEECHES International conference on the political warfare of the Soviets Paris, 1-3 December, 1960 Rapporteur général : M me Suzanne L a b in See the following documents : United States — Work and hearings of the Sub-committee to investi­ gate the administration of the Internal Security Act and other inter­ national laws; and The Technique of Soviet Propaganda. A summary of the work of this conference was published by the Editions de la Table Ronde under the title Life or Death of the Free World, 1961

A l b e r t in i , George La Guerre que nous devons faire Est-Ouest, Paris 1-15 December, 1960, p. 1

B a r n e t t , Frank R. A Proposal for Political Warfare Military Review, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, March, 1961, p. 2

B e t h o u a r t , General L’OTAN doit se préparer à la lutte subversive et unifier les politiques des États Membres Le Monde diplomatique, Paris, February, 1961, p. 13

168 K e l l e y , George A La guerre révolutionnaire et l’action psychologique Revue Militaire générale, February, 1961, p. 147

M êlas , M ich el Defence in Psychological Warfare NATO Letter, Vol. 8, No. 10, October 1960, . p 1 ANNEX

LIST OF THESES PREPARED UNDER THE NATO FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME SINCE 1957

B a l l , M a rg a re t NATO and the Western European Union M ovement Published under the auspices of the London Institute of World Affairs London, Stevens and Sons, 1959, 486-VIII p. index

B r o e k m e ije r , M. W. J. M Developing Countries and NATO. Strategic economic importance of the developing countries for NATO Leyden, A. W. Sythoff, 1963, 208 p. (Atlantic Series N° 1)

C a s tb er g , Frede

Freedom of Speech in the West London, Allen and Unwin, 1960, 475 p.

C l o u g h , Shepard B Basic Values in Western Culture New York, Columbia University Press, 1960, 192 p.

D elm a s , Claude Le Monde Atlantique Paris, Presses Universitaires, 1960, 124 p. Series « Que sais-je? »

F ARRAN, Ch. d’Olivier Atlantic D emocracy — A comparison of the Constitutions of the NATO Member States Edinburgh, Green and Son, 1957, 204 p.

170 G a b r iele Panlibhonco e NATO Milano, Dott. A. Gioffré, 1961, 133 p.

L a w s o n , Ruth G International Regional Organizations New York, Frederick A. Praeger, 1962, 387 p.

M aranini, G L’Italie Paris, R . Pichon et R. Durand-Auzias, 1961, 170 p.

N egreponti - Delivanis, M The Pressure on the Dollar Leyden, A. W. Sythoff, 1964

S t e r n b e r g -M o n t a l d i , Annamaria Le Rôle de l’Opinion Publique dans la Communauté Atlantique Leyde, A.W. Sythoff, 1963, 291 p. (Série Atlantique N° 2)

171

CHAPTER VII

NATO SUBSIDIARY AGENCIES

I - PRODUCTION AND LOGISTIC AGENCIES

N a t o maintenance s u p p l y services a g en c y — NMSSA 7, rue Ancelle, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France

C e n t r a l e u r o p e o p e r a t in g a g en c y — CEOA 11, avenue du Général-Pershing, Versailles (Seine-et-Oise), France

H a w k m a n a g e m e n t o f fic e 20, rue Gallieni, Rueil-Malmaison (Seine-et-Oise), France

N a t o s id e w in d e r p r o d u c t io n organization Oberuhldingen, Bodensee, Am Roggersberg 6, Bodensee

N ato f . 1O4g starfighter pr o d u c t io n organization Koblenz, Moselring 13, Federal Republic of Germany

N a t o b u l l p u p p r o d u c t io n organization . M anag em ent offic e Post Box 36, Fornebu, Oslo, Norway

II - MILITARY AGENCIES

M il it a r y a g e n c y f o r standardisation — M A S 34-36 Chesham Place, London, S.W.l.

E u r o p e a n communications c o -o r d in a t io n agencies : European Military Communications ICo-ordination Committee — EMCCC 51, boulevard de Latour-Maubourg, Paris-7e European Naval Communications Agency — ENCA 36, Chesham Place, London, S .W.l European Long Lines Agency — ELLA 51 bis, boulevard de Latour-Maubourg, Paris-7e European Radio Frequencies Agency — ERFA 36, Chesham Place, London, S.W.l European Communications Security Agency — ECSA 51, boulevard de Latour-Maubourg, Paris-7e

173 N a t o d e f e n c e c o l l e g e École Militaire, 21, place Joffre, Paris-7e

A d v iso r y g r o u p f o r aeronautical r e se a r c h a n d development — AGAR D 64, rue de Varenne, Paris-7e

III - INTERNATIONAL MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS

Sa c l a n t a n t i -su b m a r in e w a r f a r e r e se a r c h c e n t r e La Spezia, Italy

Sh a p e a ir d e fe n c e t e c h n ic a l c e n t r e — SADTC PO Box 174, The Hague, Netherlands

IV - NATIONAL AGENCY SERVING NATO (fina nced in part by NATO)

T r a in in g c e n t r e fo r experimental aerodynamics — T C E A Rhodes-St. Genese, Belgium

174 CHAPTER VIII THE ATLANTIC TREATY ASSOCIATION AND THE NATIONAL VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS BELONGING TO IT

The Atlantic Treaty Association is a voluntary international association which was set up in 1954. It is composed of independent organizations in the NATO member countries whose aim is the support of all aspects of the Atlantic Alliance The board is made up as follows :

Chairman Lord G l a d w in (United Kingdom) Vice Chairmen W. Randolph B urgess (U.S.A.) Paul V a n Z eeland (Belgium) Dr. R ichard J aeger (Germany) Ivan Matteo L om bardo (Italy) Secretary General (Paris) General Jean-Etienne V a l lu y (France) Assistant Secretary General Baron vo n S u s sk in d -S c h w e n d i (Germany) Director of Atlantic John E ppstein (U.K.) Information Centre for Teachers Honorary Treasurer Per M arkussen (Denmark) Secretariat 9, rue Auber, Paris-9e

A.T.A. Annual General Assemblies: 1st: Copenhagen, August 31-September 5, 1953 2nd: Paris, September 12-15, 1956 3rd : Rome, June 24-28, 1957 4th : Boston, September 21-28, 1958 5th: Tours, September 1-8, 1959 6th : Oslo, June 27-July 1, 1960 7th : Athens, September 25-29, 1961 8th : Lisbon, June 2-6, 1962 9th : Ankara, September 9-14, 1963

175 Publications: Courrier Atlantique, a monthly roneotyped bulletin The Spirit of the Atlantic Alliance Summary of the 2nd annual assembly of the Atlantic Treaty Associa­ tion held in Paris from September 12-15, 1956 Annual report 1955-1956, 38 p. pamphlet

NATO and the Citizen 1957 Annual report, 60 p. pamphlet

The Building of Atlanti c Unity

1958 Annual report, and articles by Messrs. P .-H. S p a a k , J. Foster D u l l e s , Lester B. P ea r so n , 47 p. pamphlet

Atlantic Unity in a Changing World 1959 Annual report, April 1960, 47 p. pamphlet

Report on the 10th Anniversary of NATO Text of the political declaration adopted by the Atlantic Assembly at Tours in 1959. 47 p. pamphlet

The Atlantic Citizen 1960 Annual report, 36 p. pamphlet The World and the School A quarterly review for teachers of international affairs. N° 1, Winter 1963-64 For activities in the youth field, see Chapter VI, NATO and Youth

NATIONAL VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS BELONGING TO THE ATLANTIC TREATY ASSOCIATION BELGIUM Address: The Belgian Atlantic Association 4, rue Saint-Jean, Brussels CANADA Address: The Canadian Atlantic Co-ordinating Committee, 230, Bloor Street West, Toronto 5, Ontario The Committee is constituted by the Canadian Institute of International Affairs and the United Nations Association of Canada Publications: See Chapter 111(b) Canada

176 DENMARK Address : The Danish Atlantic Association (Atlantsammenslutningen) Forchhammer- svej 13, Copenhagen, 5 Publications : Freden pa Vennemindevej Summary of the 2nd International Study Conference on the Atlantic Community, Copenhagen, 1953 Orientering, og NATO problemer, Danmarks udenrigs-op forsvarspolitik Monthly bulletin Five Years of Freedom, pamphlet published in honour of the 5th Anniver­ sary of NATO NATO Supplement to the monthly bulletin Demokratiske Breve in honour of the 10th Anniversary of NATO, April 1959 The Danish Atlantic Association Pamphlet giving the history, aims and publications of the Danish Atlantic Association Gambling with your Freedom. Pamphlet Welfare and the Atlantic Pact Lecture b y Paul Sorensen

Marcus W in d in g : Does Rearmament Lead to War? Pamphlet NATO Ensures Peace and Guards the Future Pamphlet published in co-operation with the Ministry of Defence Activities in the youth field, see Chapter VI, NATO and Youth

FRANCE

Address : The French Association for the Atlantic Community 185, rue de la Pompe, Paris-16e Publications : Lettre d’informations atlantiques Monthly bulletin. The first number appeared on 2nd November, 1960

V a l l u y , General A r o n , Raymond Problèmes atlantiques Main points from the lectures given by General V a l lu y and Professor A r o n at the AFCA General Assembly in Paris on 23rd April, 1960, 35 p. C o n t e , A rth u r Grandeurs, faiblesses et perspe ctives de PAlliance Atlantique. Pamphlet 1962, 22 p.

GERMANY A ddress: The German Atlantic Society (Deutsche Atlantische Gesellschaft) Koblenzer Strasse 102, Bonn Publication : Strategic der NATO Deutsche Atlantische Gesellschaft, 1961, 112 p.

GREECE Address : Hellenic Atlantic Treaty Association 39, Eleftriou Venizelou, Athens

ICELAND Address: Association for Western Co-operation Tjarnagata 16, Reykjavik Publication : C h r is t e n s e n , C h r. A. R. Atlantshafsbandalagid Reykjavik, 1959, 56 p. pamphlet

ITALY Address : The Italian Atlantic Committee (Comitato Italiano Atlantico) Piazza di Firenze, 27, Rome

Publications: Politica Atlantica Problemi e discussioni di politica estera democratica. A review on Atlantic problems No. 1, July 1963 Activities in the youth field, see Chapter VI, NATO and Youth, p. 163

LUXEMBOURG A ddress: The Luxembourg Atlantic Association 9, rue Clairefontaine, Luxembourg

178 NETHERLANDS

Address : The Netherlands Atlantic Committee Nassau Zuilensteinstraat 9, The Hague

Publications: Atlantic Round Table Conference. The Atlantic Alliance in 1958 Summary of the conference held in The Hague, April 12, 1958, 12 p. pamphlet

De Atlantisch e Gemeenschap Atlantische Conference 1953, 116 p. pamphlet

P. B r ijn e n v a n H o u ten Het begin van een begin, 104 p . pamphlet, 1955

De prijs van de Vrijheid De NAVO en de Atlantische Gemeenschap, 1957, 127 p.

Atlantisch Perspectief A booklet, 1963, 47 p.

Atlantic Partnership A booklet, 1963, 31 p. (Report of the Atlantic Conference, April 5, 1963)

NORWAY

A ddress: The Norwegian Atlantic Committee (Den Norske Atlanterhavskomite) Youngsgt 11, Oslo

Publications: Atlanterhavspakten Gj ennom 10 AR, 18 p. pamphlet, 1959

Skolens rolle i Atlanterhavssam funnet Anbefalinger fra en internasjonal studiekonferanse, 1956

Tre artikler om Atlanterhavssamarbeidet Vinnerartiklene i Den norske Atlanterhavskomiteens artikkelkon- kurranse, 1957-1958 37 p. pamphlet, 1958

179 B oy esen , Je n s Nasjonal Suverenitet et avlegs begrep foredrag av. ambassador Jens Boyesen holdt i Det norske Studenter- samfund May 3, 1958, 17 p. pamphlet

E l s t e r , Torolf Tyskland mellom Ost og Vest Pamphlet, 1959, 39 p.

C h r is t e n s e n , A. R . Atlanterhavssamarbeidet realitoter og problemer en utredning om samarbeidet mellon statene i Vest-Europa og Nord­ Amerika, 32 p. pamphlet

S v e r d r u p , Jacob Noytraliter og intemasjonalt Samarbeid 33 p. pamphlet

Atlanterhavspakten og dens organisasjon NATO handboka, 1961, 96 p. pamphlet

L o c h e n , Einar National Sovereignty and International Co-operation Pamphlet, 1962

PORTUGAL

A ddress: The Portuguese Atlantic Committee (Comissao Portuguesa do Atlantico) Rua Almeida Brandao, 39, Lisbon

TURKEY

Address: The Turkish Group of the A.T.A. (A.T.A. Turk Burubu) Institut des Relations internationales University of Law, Ankara Publications: (of the Institut des Relations internationales)

Documents on NATO This pamphlet contains the texts mentioned in Chapter 111(b) English, French and Turkish editions, 1957

180 The Teaching of International Relations Pamphlet published by the A.T.A., Turkish edition, 1959

UNITED KINGDOM

Address : The British Atlantic Committee Benjamin Franklin House 36, Craven Street, London W.C.2

Publications: NATO and the People Report of the Second International Study Conference on the Atlantic Community 88 p. pamphlet, 1953 Report of NATO in Action Week: July 17-24, 1954 20 p. pamphlet, 1954 Survey of NATO and the Atlantic Community The Scotsman, May 31, 1956 Introducing NATO Pamphlet, 1956, 16 p. The Atlantic Community Report on a dinner held in London, June 4, 1957 16 p. pamphlet, 1957 The Non-Military Aspects of the Atlantic Alliance Pamphlet, 1957, 22 p. The British Atlantic Committe e. Its Aims and Activities 7 p. pamphlet, 1961 The Battle for the Minds of Men Round Table Conference, January 30-February 1, 1961 41 p. pamphlet, 1961 Nuclear Disarmament — Questions and Answers... 1961, 8 p. Associates Newsletter Information newsletter For activities in the Youth field and conference on the Atlantic Community, see Chapter VI, p. 165

181 UNITED STATES A ddress: The Atlantic Council of the United States, Incorporated, 1616 H . Street, North West, Washington, D.C.

Publications: NATO, Hope for the Free World Pamphlet

The Atlantic Community Quarterly Quarterly review, published from March, 1963

182 CHAPTER IX

THE NATO PARLIAMENTARIANS’ CONFERENCE

International Secretariat: 20, rue Desbordes-Valmore, Paris-16e President: Dr. Georg KLIESING (Germany) Executive Secretary : Mr. O. VAN H. LABBERTON (Netherlands)

REPORTS AND SUMMARIES OF THE FOLLOWING CONFERENCES : 1st meeting: Palais de Chaillot, Paris July 18-25, 1955 2nd meeting: Palais de Chaillot, Paris November 19-23, 1956 3rd meeting: Palais de Chaillot, Paris November 11-16, 1957 4th meeting : Palais de Chaillot, Paris November 17-21, 1958 5th meeting : Old House Office Building, Washington 25, D.C., U.S.A. November 16-20, 1959 6th meeting: NATO Place Marechal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, Paris November 21-26, 1960 7th meeting : NATO Place Marechal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, Paris November 13-18, 1961 8th meeting : NATO Place Marechal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, Paris November 12-17, 1962 9th meeting : NATO Place Marechal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, Paris November 4-9, 1963

183 PUBLICATION : (other than reports and recommendations which are issued regularly after the meetings)

The NATO Parliamentarians’ Conference, 1955-1959 The Hansard Society for Parliamentary Government, 79-80, Petty France, London, S .W.l Pamphlet published in English and French, 51 p.

ATLANTIC CONGRESS London, June 5-10, 1959 The Atlantic Congress was convened on the initiative of the NATO Parliamen­ tarians’ Conference, and under the patronage of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II A collection of the declarations, reports and resolutions was issued by the Secre­ tariat of the NATO Parliamentarians’ Conference

184 CHAPTER X

A SELECTION OF WORKS

ON NATO AND PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION

A — NAT O Atlantic Treaty Association (A.T.A.) see Chapter VIII

Atlantic Alliance. NATO’s Role in the Free World A Report by a Chatham House Study Group London, Oxford University Press, for the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1952, ix-172 p.

Atlantic Community, Progress and Prospects Boston, World Peace Foundation, 1963, 300 p. Special issue of the review International Organization

B a l l , Pr. Margaret NATO and the European Union Movement London, Stevens and Sons, 1959, xi-486-vm p. Index

B a t h u r s t M . E. and Simpson, J. L . Germany and the North Atlantic Community London, London Institute of World Affairs, 1956, xi-217 p. (see chronolo­ gical table of treaties, pp. 202-217)

B e c k e t t , Sir W. Eric The North Atlantic Treaty, the Brussels Treaty and the Charter of the U nited Nations London, Stevens and Sons, 1950, vm-75 p.

B ir r e n b a c h , K u rt The Future of the Atlantic Community. Toward European-American Partnership New York, Praeger, 1963, xii-94 p.

185 Boyd , Andrew What is NATO? London, Batchworth Press Ltd., 1952 40 p. pamphlet

British society for international understanding, London The North Atlantic Alliance. 1953, 20 p. NATO and the Western European Union. 1955, 24 p . pamphlets published in the series British Survey, Popular Series

B u c h a n , Alastair 1. NATO To-day (Canadian Institute of International Affairs) 16 p. pamphlet 2. NATO in the 1960’s London, the Institute for Strategic Studies, 1959, xn-131 p .

C a t l i n , George The Atlantic Community Coram Publishers, 1959, 146 p.

C epes (Comité Européen pour le Progrès économique et social) Für ein Atlantische Gemeinschaft Tagung der Deutschen Cepes-Gruppe Frankfurt am Main, CEPES Deutsche Gruppe, 1962, 134 p.

Communauté Atlantique Conference on the Atlantic Community, College of Europe. Summary by Ladislav C e r y c h Bruges, Les Cahiers de Bruges, 1957, Vols. II and IV, 208 p.

Craig , Gordon A. NATO and the New German Army Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1955

Defence in the Cold War A report by the Chatham House Study Group London, Oxford University Press for the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1950, vm-123 p.

D elmas , Claude 1. Le Monde Atlantique Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1958, 118 p.

2. L’OTAN Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1960, 124 p.

186 3. L’Alliance Atlantique Essai de phénoménologie politique. Préface de Général Valluy, Paris, Payot, 1962, 278 p.

D elm a s , Claude C a r p e n t ie r , General Marcel F a u r e , Maurice G a l l o is , General Pierre M . L’Avenir de l’Alliance Atlantique Paris, Berger-Levrault, 1961, 351 p. (published in the Collection “Institutions politiques d’aujourd’hui”, with a preface by Jules Romains). (Prix de la Communauté Atlantique 1962 awarded by AFC A)

D e u t s c h , K . W . B u r r e l l , S . A . K a h n , R . A . Political Community and the North Atlantic Area Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1957, xm-23O p.

E l l e r t , Robert B. NATO Fair Trial’s safeguards. Precursor to an international bill of procedural rights. The Hague, Martinus NijhofT, 1963, vi-89 p.

E n g e l , Franz-Wilhelm 1. Handbuch der NATO 1957 and supplements Frankfurt/Main, Agenor Druck und Verlag G.M.B.H., 1957, 985 p. 2. Taschenbuch der NATO, 1959-1960 Frankfurt/Main, Agenor-Verlag, 1959, 456 p .

F a r r a n , C. d’Olivier Atlantic Democracy Edinburgh, Green & Son, 1957, viii-204 p.

F o n t a in e , André L’Alliance Atlantique à l’heure du dégel Paris, Calmann-Lévy, 1960, 223 p.

G r e v e , T im S v e r d r u p , Jacob NATO, gjennom ti ar Translated into English under the title : NATO, The First Ten Years Oslo 1959 Oslo, H. Aschenong, 1959, 166 p.

187 H erter, Christian, H . Toward an Atlantic Community, New York, Evanston, Harper and Row, 1963, ix-107 p.

K n o r r , Klaus 1 . NATO and American Security Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1959, 342 p. 2. A NATO Nuclear Force : Problem of Management Princeton University, Center of International Studies, Woodrow Wilson Hall, 1963, 21 p.

L o w e n s t e in , Prince Hubertus Z ü h l s d o r f , Volkmar v o n Die Verteidigung des Westens Bonn, Athenäum-Verlag, 1960, 456 p. English edition : NATO and the Defense of the West, London, A . Deutsch, 1963

M a y er , René Le Pacte de l’Atlantique, paix ou guerre? Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1952, x-135 p.

M cI n n is , E d g a r The Atlantic Triangle and the Cold War Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1959, vih -163 p.

M cL a c h l a n , Donald De F r e it a s , Geoffrey NATO Is Not Enough Pamphlet by the association “Friends of Atlantic Union”

M ey er -D e t r in g , W ilh e lm Als Deutscher bei der NATO Wegweiser für die Zusammenarbeit mit Verbündeten Frankfurt am Main, Wehrwesen, Bernard & Graefe, 1960, 124 p.

M o o r e , Ben T. NATO and the Future of Europe London, Oxford University Press, 1959, xv-263 p . (Council on Foreign Relations)

188 NATO Conference Series 1. Defence Psychology by Frank A. Geldard 2. Election Density Profiles..., by B. Maclum see Scientific Cooperation

NATO Die Atlantische Gemeinschaft . Ein Bündnis für den Frieden, Stuttgart, Pressebüro Waldemar Schweitzer, 1959, 119 p. NATO, Facts about the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Paris, Nato Information Service, 1962, 320 p.

O s g o o d , Robert Endicott 1. NATO, The Entangling Alliance Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1962, 415 p. 2. Nuclear Control in NATO Washington, The Washington Center of Foreign Policy, Research, 1962, 42 p.

P a t t e r s o n , Gardner F u r n is s , Edgar NATO, A Critical Appraisal Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1957, v-107 p.

R o y a l in s t it u t e o f international affairs — series : Documents on International Affairs 1949-1950. Texts selected by Margaret Carlyle, pp. 245-308 1951. Texts selected by Denise Folliot, pp. 55-62 1952. Texts selected by Denise Folliot, pp. 51-58

— series : Survey on International Affairs 1949-1950. Peter Calvocoressi, pp. 126-150 1951. Peter Calvocoressi, pp. 6-49 1952. Peter Calvocoressi, pp. 11-141 published by the Oxford University Press, London

S a l v a d o r i , Massimo NATO : A Twentieth Century Community of Nations Princeton, Van Nostrand Co., 1957, 192 p.

S ie g l e r , Heinrich v o n Kennedy oder De Gaulle? Probleme der Atlantik-und Europa politik Bonn, Verlag für Zeitarchive, 1963, xi-161 p.

189 SiMSON, Fred Le prix de la liberté Paris, Berger-Levrault, 1953, 237 p.

S n e e , Joseph M. P y e , Kenneth A. Status of Forces Agreement : Criminal Jurisdiction New York, Oceana Publications, 1957, 167 p.

S p a a k , Paul-Henri Pourquoi l’OTAN? Paris, Pion, 1959. For other editions see Chapter III. A

S t e u e r , S iegfried Die Streitkräfte der NATO Länder Munich, J. F. Lehmanns Verlag, 1956, 116 p.

S t r a u s z -H u p e , R o b e rt D o u g h e r t y , Ja m e s E K in t n e r , William R.

Building the Atlantic World New York and London, Harper and Row, 1963, xiv-4OO p.

Trelles, Camillo Barcia El pacto del Atlántico Madrid, Instituto de Estudios Politicos, 1950, 685 p.

T u r n e r , Arthur C. Bulwark of the West Toronto, Ryerson Press, 1953, v-106 p . (Canadian Institute of International Affairs)

W a r d , Barbara Britain’s Interest in Atlantic Union Pamphlet (Friends of Atlantic Union), 32 p.

W a r n e , Wing Commander J. D. NATO and its Prospects New York, Praeger, 1954, vn-110 p.

Western Cooperation London, Central Office of Information, 1953, 90 p.

190 W olfers , Arnold Alliance Policy in the Cold War Baltimore, The John Hopkins Press, 1959, ix-314 p.

B — INTERNATIONAL OR GANIZATION

B l o c h , Roger L efevre , Jacqueline La fonction publique internationale et européenne Paris, Librairie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, 1963, 219 p.

B o u r q u in , Maurice L’État souverain et l’organisation internationale Published under the auspices of the Carnegie Endowment New York, Manhattan Publishing Company, 1959, vni-237 p.

Ch am berla in , Joseph and others International Organization Edited by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, New York, 1st Edition, 1942, vi-173 p.

Cheever , Daniel S. H a v illand, H. Field Organizing for Peace... International Organizations in World Affairs London, Stevens and Sons Ltd., 1954 see Chapter: Atlantic Community Security, pp. 711-746

Cl a u d e , Inis L . Swords into Plowshares New York, Random House, 1956, xn-447 p.

F l o rin sk i , Michael T. Integrated Europe New York, Macmillan, 1955, x-182 p.

G erbet , Pierre Les organisations internationales Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1959, 128 p.

G o o d speed, Stephens The Nature and Functions of Internati onal Organization New York, Oxford University Press, 1963, xi-675 p.

191 H aas , Ernest B. Regional Security and National Policy No. 513 in the series International Conciliation edited by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, New York, May 1957, 63 p.

H ammarskjöld , Dag The International Civil Servant in Law and in Fact Oxford, At the Clarendon Press, 1961, 28 p.

Jen ks , Wilfred C. The Proper Law of International Organizations London, Stevens and Sons, 1962, xvi-282 p .

K o r o w ic z , Marc-Stanislas Organisations internationales et souveraineté des États membres Paris, Pédone, 1961, 350 p.

L oveday A . Reflections on International Administration London, Oxford University Press, 1956, x-334 p .

Peaslee , Amos J. International Governmental Organizations The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1961, two vol., 1962, lviii-922 + xvi-923-1962 p.

P.E.P. London European Organizations London, P.E.P. George Allen and Unwin, 1959, xvi-327 p .

P in t o , Roger Les organisations européennes Paris, Payot, 1963, 493 p.

R euter , Paul Institutions internationales Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, Collection Thémis, 1956, 427 p.

R obertson , A . H. European Institutions : Co-operation, Integration, Unification London, Stevens and Sons, ix-372 p.

192 S iegler , Heinrich v o n Die Zusammenschlüsse und Pakte der Welt auf politischem, militärischem und wirt­ schaftlichem Gebiet Bonn-Vienna-Zurich, Siegler & Co., Verlag Für Zeitarchive, 1961, 71 p .

Sin g h , Nagendra Termination of Membership of International Organizations New York, Frederick Praeger, 1958, xiv-209 p.

W alters , F. P. A History of the League of Nations London, Oxford University Press, 1952, xv-833 p.

C — P OLITICAL AND MILITARY ASPECTS OF COLLECTIVE SECURITY

A bsh ir e , David M., ed. A l l en , Richard V. ed. National Security, Political, Military and Economic Strategies in the Decade Ahead New York, F. Praeger, 1963, xxxu-1030 p.

A r o n , Raymond 1. Espoir et peur du siècle Paris, Calmann-Lévy, 1957, 369 p. 2. Paix et guerre entre les nations Paris, Calmann-Lévy, 797 p. 3. Le grand débat. Initiation à la stratégie atomique Paris, Calmann-Lévy, 1963, 274 p.

B ea to n , Léonard M a d d o x , John The Spread of Nuclear Weapons London, Chatto and Wind us, 1962, xi-216 p.

B o u t h o u l , Gaston Sauver la guerre. Lettre aux Survivants Paris, Grasset, 1961, 252 p.

B u c h a n , Alastoir W in d so r , Philip Arms and stability in Europe. A British-French-German Enquiry London, Chatto and Windus, 1963, x-236 p .

193 Collective Security : Shield of Freedom South-East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) Bangkok, 1959, iv-125 p . Annex giving texts of the NATO, ANZUS, SEATO and CENTO treaties

D ollfus , D an iel La force de frappe Paris, Julliard, 1960, 115 p.

G allois , G eneral P. Stratégie de l’àge nucléaire Paris, Calmann-Lévy, 1960, 238 p .

G a v in , Lt. Gen. James M. War and Peace in the Space Age New York, Harper and Brothers, 1958, x-305 p.

K a h n , Herman 1. On Thermonuclear War Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1960, 651 p . 2. Thinking about the Unthinkable. Introduction by Raymond Aron New York, Horizon Press, 1962, 254 p.

K ecskem eti , Paul Strategic Surrender — The Politics of Victory and Defeat London, Oxford University Press, 1959, ix-287 p.

K in g st o n -M c L o u g h r y , Air Vice-Marshal E. J. Defence, Policy and Strategy London, Stevens and Sons, 1960, xvi-272 p. (Atlantic Books)

K issin g er , Henry A . 1. Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy New York (Council on Foreign Relations), Harper and Brothers, 1958, xx-463 p. 2. The Necessity for Choice New York, Harper and Brothers, 1961, 372 p.

L a t t a n z i , Ugo Occidente in pericolo Bologna, Licinio Cappelli, 1953, 390 p.

L id d ell H a r t , B. N. 1. Defence of the West London, Cassel, 1950, vm-390 p.

194 2. Deterrent or Defence London, Stevens and Sons, 1960, x-257 p .

M id d l e t o n , Drew The Defence of Western Europe London, Frederick Muller, 1952, 255 p.

M iksch e , F . O. The Failure of Atomic Strategy London, Faber, 1959, 224 p .

M ulley , F. W. The Politics of Western Defence London, Thomas and Hudson, 1962, xi-282 p.

P eyret , Henri Le réarmement et la paix Paris, Société d’Éditions françaises et internationales, 1951, 183 p. Rockefeller Report. International Security, The Military Aspect New York, Doubleday and Company, 1958

R o u g er o n , Camille La guerre nucléaire, armes et parades. Préface de R aymond Aron Paris, Calmann-Lévy, 1962, 243 p.

R ussell , Bertrand Common Sense and Nuclear Warfare London, George Allen and Unwin, 1959, 94 p.

S c h m id t , Helmut Defence or Retaliation. A German contribution to the consideration of NATO’s strategic problem. Translated by Edward Thomas Edinburgh and London, Oliver and Boyd, 1962, xvi-264 p.

St a m p , G erd Kann Europa verteidigt werden? Introduction by General Norstad Boppard/Rhein, Harald Boldt Verlag, 1963, 212 p.

St r a c h e y , John On the Prevention of War London, Macmillan, 1962, 334 p.

195 Strategie der NATO Kulmbach, Offr. Albert Herlel, impr., for the Deutschen Atlantischer Gesellschaft, 1961, 20,5 cm, 112 p.

V a l l u y , General Se défendre, contre qui, pourquoi et comment? Paris, Pion, Tribune Libre Serie, 1960, 239 p.

V a n L angenh ov e La crise dn système de sécurité collective des Nations Unies, 1946-1957 The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1958, 272 p. (Institut Royal des Relations Internationales)

D — WESTERN CIVILIZATION

Beloff, M ax Europe and the Europeans London, Chatto and Windus, 1957, xix-288 p .

B ieri , Ernst B r u g m a n s , H enri D rachkovitch , M ilorad K o h n , H an s M o u l in , L eo Valeurs de base de la communauté occidentale. Préface by Paul van Zeeland Leiden, A . W. Sythoff, 1961, 110 p.

Castberg , Frede Freedom of Speech in the West London, Allen and Unwin, 1960, xiii-475 p .

C lo u g h , Shepard B . Basic Values in Western Culture New York, Columbia University Press, 1960, x-192 p.

Co rr a l , Luis Diez del Le rapt de l’Europe Paris, Stock, 1960, 383 p.

196 K r a u s , M ich ael The Atlantic Civilization — Eighteenth Century Origins New York, Cornell University Press, 1949, xi-334 p . (American Historical Association)

M a d a r ia g a Salvador de The Blowing up of the Parthenon New York, Praeger, 1960, 107 p.

P e a r so n , Lester B. Democracy and World Politics Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1955, 123 p. (Stafford Little Lectures)

Perspectives on Peace 1910-1960 London, Stevens, 1961, v m-2O2 p. Published under the auspices of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

R o ug em o n t , Denis d e L’Aventure occidentale de l’homme Paris, Albin Michel, 1957, 275 p.

S chwarzenberger , Georg Atlantic Union — A Practical Utopia? Federal Education and Research Trust, 1957, 14 p . Pamphlet

S ternberg -M o n t a l d i , Annamaria Le rôle de l’opinion publique dans la Communauté Atlantique Leyden, A.W. Sythoff, 1963, 291 p. (Atlantic Series- NATO Fellowship)

S treit , Clarence K. 1. Freedom Against Itself New York, Harper and Brothers, 1954, xviir-316 p. Annex : a chronological dictionary of inventions from Western countries since the year 1750, and a table showing the distribution of Nobel prizes from 1901-1953 2. Freedom Frontier. Atlantic Union Now Washington, Freedom and Union Press, 1961, 308 p.

197 T oynbee , Arnold J. The World and the West London, Oxford University Press, 1953, vi-100 p . (B.B.C. Reith Lectures 1952)

V a n de r M eer , Frederick Atlas of Western Civilization Amsterdam, Elsevier Publishing Co., 1954, 242 p.

W a r d , Barbara Faith and Freedom — Study of Western Society London, Hamish Hamilton, 1954, vm-283 p.

E — ECONOMIC SITUATION AND PROBLEMS OF THE WESTERN WORLD

A lm o n d , Gabriel and Colem an , James The Politics of the Developing Areas Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1960, 581 p .

B erliner , Joseph S. Soviet Economic Aid New York, Praeger, 1958, 232 p.

B roekmeijer , M. W. J. M. Developing countries and NATO. Strategic economic importance of the devel­ oping countries for NATO Leyden, A .W., Sythoff, 1963, 208 p. (NATO fellowship)

B r o w n , William Adams, and O pie, Redvers American Foreign Assistance Washington, The Brookings Institution, 1953, 615 p .

CEPES (Comité Européen pour le progrès économique et social) Für eine atlantische Gemeinschaft Frankfurt am Main, CEPES, Deutsche Gruppe, 1961, 134 p.

Ch a r d o n n e t , Jean Les grandes puissances Paris, Dalloz, Vol. 1 : L’Europe 1960 Vol. 2 : Le monde 1958

198 E c o n o m is t I ntelligence U n it The Economic Effects of Disarmament London, The Economist Intelligence Unit and Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1963, xm-224 p.

F r isc h , Alfred Une réponse au défi de l’histoire Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, 1954, 197 p.

K r a ft , Joseph The Grand Design. From Common Market to Atlantic Partnership New York, Harper and Brothers, 1962, 123 p.

H itc h , C harles The Economics of Defence in the Nuclear Age Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1960, vii-422 p.

L ichtheim , George Europe and America. The Future of the Atlantic Community London, Thames and Hudson, 1963, xvi-256 p.

L in c o l n , George A. St o n e , William S. H a r v en , Thomas H. Economics of National Security New York, Prentice Hall, 1950, xvi-601 p.

M ea de , Pr. J. E. The Atlantic Community and the Dollar Gap Pamphlet (Friends of Atlantic Union), 36 p.

M iksch e , Ferdinand Otto Bessere NATO fiir weniger Geld Frankfurt am Main, reprinted from the review Wehr und Wirtschaft, pamphlet, 1962, 88 p.

M y r d a l , Gunnar Economic Theory and Under-developed Regions Bombay, Vora, 1958, 188 . p

199 NATO. Die Atlantische Gemeinschaft, ein Bündnis für den Frieden Stuttgart, Pressebüro Waldemar Schweitzer, 1959, 119 p.

P ec k , Merton J. Sherer , Frederic M . The Weapons Acquisition Process : An economic analysis Boston, Harvard University, 1962, xxxn-736 p.

P er ro ux , François La co-existence pacifique Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1958, 3 vols. 666 p.

P o tu lick i , B ourcier d e Ca r b o n , K it z in g e r , etc. Un défi à l’Occident — L’Europe face au sous-développement Summer school of the College of Free Europe, Strasbourg, Robertsau Paris, Berger-Levrault, 1959, xvi-176 p.

P rice , Harry Bayard The Marshall Plan, Its Meaning New York, Cornell University Press, 1955, vn-424 p .

R itc h ie , R o n a ld S. NATO, The Economics of an Alliance Toronto, The Ryerson Press, 1956, 147 p.

R o sto w , W. W. The Stages of Economic Growth Cambridge, Massach., Cambridge University Press, 1960, 179 p. see p. 93-105 : tables comparing economic development in the United States and the Soviet Union

R o w a n , Sir Leslie Arms and Economics. The Changing Challenge Cambridge at the University Press, 1960, 64 p.

S ch lesing er , James R . The Political Economy of National Security New York, Praeger, 1960, 292 p.

200 U ri , Pierre Dialogue des Continents. Un programme économique Paris, Pion, 1963, 189 p. English edition : Partnership for Progress. A Programme Transatlantic Action New York, Harper and Row, 1963, 126 p. (Published under the auspices of the Atlantic Institute, Paris)

W a r b u r t o n , Anne M. W o o d , Glen B. Paying for NATO Pamphlet (Friends of Atlantic Union) 46 p.

W ig h t m a n , David Economic Cooperation in Europe London, Stevens and Sons, 1956, xi-288 p.

CHAPTER XI

A SELECTION OF REVIEWS ON INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

w h ic h r e g u l a r l y p u b l is h ARTICLES ON NATO

Atlantic Community Quarterly (The) Edited by the Atlantic Council of the United States 1616 H. Street N.W. Washington 6, D.C. (1st issue March 1963) Chronique de Politique étrangère (two-monthly) Edited by l’institut royal des Relations internationales 88, avenue de la Couronne, Brussels 5 Esteri (fortnightly) 121, Piazza Montecitorio, Rome European Review (Quarterly) Edited by the European-Atlantic Group now attached to the British Atlantic Committee see Chapter VIII : A.T.A. 61, Gloucester Place, London, W.l Fifteen Nations (generally issued every two months) Published under the auspices of the Royal Netherlands Association, Our Army 47 de Lairessestraat, Amsterdam Foreign Affairs (Quarterly) Edited by the Council on Foreign Relations 58, East 68th Street, New York, N.Y. France-U.S.A. (monthly) Edited by the France-U.S.A. Association 24, rue Eugène-Flachat, Paris-17e Freedom and Union (monthly) Freedom Union Inc. 2700 Ontario Road, N.W., Washington 9, D.C.

203 International Affairs (Quarterly) Edited under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs Chatham House, St. James’s Square, London, S .W.l International Organization (Quarterly) Edited under the patronage of the World Peace Foundation 40, Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, 8, Mass. International Journal (Quarterly) Edited by the Canadian Institute of International Affairs 230, Bloor Street West, Toronto 5 Military Review (monthly) Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, U.S.A. Orbis (Quarterly) Edited by the Foreign Policy Research Institute of Pennsylvania University • 133, South 36th Street, Philadelphia 4, Pennsylvania Politique étrangère (two-monthly) Edited by the Centre d’Études de Politique étrangère, 54, rue de Varenne, Paris-7e Relazioni Internazionali (weekly) Edited by the Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionali 5, via Clerici, Milan Revue de déjense nationale (monthly) Edited by the Comité d’Études de défense nationale 1, place Joffre, Paris-7e Revue militaire d'injormation (monthly) Edited under the patronage of the French Armed Forces Ministry 51, boulevard La Tour Maubourg, Paris-7e Revue Militaire Générale — General Military Review — Allgemeine Militàrrundschau (monthly) Published by Berger-Levrault, 5, rue Auguste-Comte, Paris-6e Survival (two-monthly) Edited by the Institute for Strategic Studies 18, Adam Street, London, W .C.2 World Today (monthly) Edited by the Royal Institute of International Affairs Chatham House, 10, St. James’s Square, London, S.W.l

204 CHAPTER XII

EARLIER BIBLIOGRAPHIES

D e p a r t m e n t o f e x t e r n a l a f fa ir s (Canada) NATO Bibliography Spring 1954 Addendum to above February 1955, 3 p.

S peec k a e r t , G. P . International Institutions and International Organisation Edited by the Union of International Associations, with the assistance of UNESCO and in co-operation with the International Federation for Docu­ mentation Brussels, 1956, 116 p.

P a r l o n s , Leons L. Éléments d’une bibliographie atlantique A bibliography which situates the problem of the Atlantic Alliance historically and geographically : Western civilization, idealogical and economic divisions of the world, 28 p.

U .S . I n f o r m a t io n A g e n c y The Atlantic Community, November 1957, and supplement, March 1958, 7 p.

C o n t i , Reno and D a r k e n , Arthur H. The Atlantic Community : Its Internal and External Relations Bibliography prepared by the Library of Congress for the United States Dele­ gation Atlantic Congress, 1959 June 1959 NATO — A Select Bibliography Survival, London May, June 1959 Vol. 1, No. 2, p. 71 The Atlantic Community, an Introductory Bibliography Leiden, A .W. Sythoff, 1961, 2 vols. 600-xi p. Bibliography prepared by the Conference on the Atlantic Community Drafting Committee : D. Blaber, L . Cerych, J. Huntley

205

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