May-August, 1960 c,pva PIC!UM
Th8 aover piatun ••• taken fl'"Cll a hill on the eaat retup boundary. Sprift& lake 11.e• to the left, the HeadqWlrtura toiwer 18 1traight. ahead and Hillebrand lake to the right.. Fl"Qll thi• yo~·ca see that · uba,y is tNly "t.he g• of the refU&e s. . etem 11 even 1t it 1a a •omewhat uall gem.
Photo by Mr. Jame• •· 'l'hOlrp8oa, al.erk at. the Mud Lake National "1ldl1te Ref\lge. W&llba,y II .500 1 6/14/60. . ' \ ~ ~.:.: ~ s~'i ' ..., WAUBAY .... STUDY AREA () r------l .,,""z c PICKEREL II: ROS~YN I LAKE .... TRANSECT ...... :z: z .....0 ii
& Ml#~ SCHOOL 206 LAKE
HltJNWAY NO. II
WEBSTER ' WAUBAY
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE WAUBAY AREA DAY COUNT~ SOUTH DAKOTA SCALE Ol!!!!!!!!!!iil iiiiiiiiiii!2!!!!!!!!!!3 M1 LES ------
tor
Ma7, June, July, August 1960
WAUBAY MATIONAL WIIDUFE REFUGE
WAUBAY, SOUTH DAKOTA
PerJl!!D•pt PeraoOO!l
J. c. Carlsen • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Refuge Manager E. J. Fromelt • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Wildlife Aid
• • • • • • • • • • • • •• Laborer Dave Hof t • • • • • • • • • • • • •• Laborer ------~
£.Q.!!!! !!I! 1. General A. Weather Conditiona • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • l B. Habitat Condition• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •••• l l. Water • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 2. Food and Cover • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2
ll. Wlldlite A. Migrator1 Birda , • • •• , • • • • • , • , • •• ) B, Upland CJaM Bil'de • , , , • • • • • • , • , , • • • 6 c. Big Geae Atdm&la , • , , , , , • , • • • • • • • • 6 D, FW" Atdmala Predators, Roclent1, and Other '•nnai1 , • • • • , • • • • • • • • • • • ? E. Hawke, &&glee, Owla, Crow1, .Ravena, and Magpi.Ate • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 7 F. Othor Birde • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8 G. Fiah • •••••••••••••••••••• 8 H. Reptilee • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8 I. Diaeaee • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8
Ill. R•fllP Develo1D9nt. and :U..intoa.nce A. Phyeioal Develo.-,ent • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8 B• Plantings • • • • • , • • • • • , • • • • • • • 10 C. Colleotione and Receipt• • • • • • • • • • • • • • 10 D. Control of Vegetation ••••••••••••• 10 x. Planned Burning • • • • • • ••••• , • • • • • • ll F, Firea • • , • • ••••• • ••• • • • ••• 11 IV. Reaouroe Managem.ent.. A. Grazing • • • • • • , • • • • • • • • • • • • • 11 D • Haying • • • • • • , , • • • • • • • • , • , • • 11 C • FW" Hane.i • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , • 11 D • Timber 8-oval • • • • • • • • • • • • , • • • • • 11 E. Commarioal Fiehing • , • • • • • • , • • • • • • • 11 F. Other Uae1 • • • • , • • • • • • • • • • • • • 11 V. Field b•etigation or Applied .Reeearch A. Progreaa 8-port • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 12 B. Waubay Study Area • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• 12 c. Waterfowl Transects •••••••••••••••• 12 D. Canada Gooee Band1ng • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 12 E. Protected .Area for White-cheeked Gee1e • • • • • • l3 F. Experimem&l Herb1o1dH •••••••••••••• lJ VI. Publlo .Kelat1ona A, Reoreat1Gnal u... . , ...... , . , . lJ B. Refuge Visitora • , , • • • • • • • • • • , ••• 14 C, Refuge Participation ••••••••••••••• 14 D. Hwltina • • • • • • • , , • • • • • • , • • • • • • 15 i, Violation.a • , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , • lS VII, Other ltema A. Iteme ot Intere.t. •••••••• • • • • • • • • • lS B. Photogaphl • • • • , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 16 C • Sigbature • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 17 ------" --
I GENERAL
A. Weather Condit1091
~1eitat1m Max. 'IUn. Thi• llOfth Hol'll&l Te, ·r•e~I May a.u 2.80 84 JO June 4.16 )~81 85' 40 July .6,3 2.84 99 44 August .A. ...!tJ_ 'roTALS 11.l~ ~ Extreme• 99 30
H 1 tively oool t mper tu s d a inim ot wind during the riod helped conserve aoieture in th• pothole• and s net c to th gr in crop1. A local drou.ght pre'Valled from early July until mi' A t ~hioh dried up ilafly pothelaa, reduo d yi lde on 11 gr ins largely rui.Md the lat.• oropa of oorn, fl and 11 t. A hall 1tora oro1Hd. the north portion ot th• refuge on Auau\ Jrd. There are no r.ef&&ge cro1>9 in that area but adjacent. tarm•r• •re oompletel,y bailed out. Grazing unit.• ..... pouadecl flat bllt. re covered rapidl.Y.
" GenerollS rains r r c i ved dll?'ing th l t t r part. of uat t o bring th tot 1 for t p riod to j t an inch b l ow nor. • For the first e1 ht months of 1960 p c it tion has totalled 16.58 1.nehe co red to a normal of 16.35 inches. Dtn'in the e period in 1959 only 1 .09 inchos was ceived nd th ituation s ev ors in 1958 h n th a o11J..y 8,i9 inoh••· From thi.8 it ean be en th t 1960 is ssent1ally noraal year, cou1der1.ng precipitation.
Although a t•w hot days have been experienced, there have been no prolonged aee1ion1 ot 100 degree weather auoh •• preY&iled lut year. The winde wen somewhat llON JDDderate thi• 1U1111er too.
l. Water A good apring runoft restored. nuaerOUll pothole• and bl"ou.gbt lake level• up Hveral inobel trcia the lo• ln•l ot 1959. lol'Jl&l napora tion and tranapiration oaued moet potholes to dry out in late July. Swan Pond•• all but dr7 1n early Augu1t when a channel waa oon- 1truoted to link it with Spring LAU. This flooded Swan Pond to a - ·------2-
maxim d pth of 3 d h c llent h bi- tat v ry ttr ctiv to
t r Levels - x Retue
Hillebrand 1808.88 1808.00 Spring 1812.46 18ll.27 1.19•
Ordinarily Spring Lake water levels do not receed as much ae the oth r lake du to the natural epringe whioh sustain the lake. The S Pond channel project drew Spring Lake down 0.43 of a toot to ccount for a gc.od •hare ot the drop. The retu.ge l&kea .till have an abundant upply ot Mt.er u the average depth• are 6 to 7 teet and extreme depths 10 to 12 teet.
a • islands .I
.At the end ol the period all the refuge pot.hole& are dry wit.h the exception ot spring ted Baree Slouah and Dahling Slough which ha• an inch ot water tram the he&Yy Augl.l8t rain. 2. food Ind Cmr
o production on Spring and Hill brand l s 1e 1 s than th he vy crop of 1959 but oan •till b on id red a o crop. Th l k ar rd to beat tor con i nt aago production. ~ ubay l ha io a light improvement now that the carp t v b en re- duced bJ' winter kill. Wheat, barley, oat1, aill.et and altalta were grown on the .300 acre• ot ret1age cropland. Unite HA-ll and 12 wre not farmed thie yur. HA-ll ha• been pentanentl,y converted to grazj.n einCHt it waa a ------)-
ateeplJ' •loping, rattwr infertile piece end HA-12 1• not being farmed to teat the ettect th1e will haye on the gooM feeding flight• J.n that direction. Abot& 72 acrea or barley and millet WJ'9 left 1tand- 1og u the ret\lge share and one cutting or altalta ha.r •• aold fer oaah.
Two tielda totalling 16 acre• haw been Meded to tall 179 to prcwide green broWM tor the ge.... It 1• hoped that thie will be an addecl inoutive to keep the bird• in th• rretup during the hwrt.ing aeuon.
II WIWLIFE
>. . 111mtou Bircte I . 1. Waterfowl a. gnu Twelve ot the seventeen breeding paira ot Canada P•H were ellcceae tul in raising broods thia year wit.h a total of 49 goallng1. Although ttiia is the Ame number ot broods aa last year, th• average brood 11se waa emaller - 4.08 comparGd to 5.08. c:ight brood.a re fo on Sprin& Lake, ·three on the refuge portion of ub y la.k and only one on Hillebrand lake. All brood.a hatched betw en 1 21st June 4th.
It 1a ai&ftificant to note that aeven of t h9 broode hatched on nen plAttonu or island•. On.l..y one 1aland neat •• de•trol"9d by pre dator• while tour of t.be nine ahorel1.ne nelt1 were deatroyed.
The awnaer eooe• popW.atioa oona1.ted ot 12 8\l0cea1tul pair• and 49 goalinga plua 9 t d ucceseful na t r1. Two Snow g.aae and a lone l goos r r r identa. Jh'iclmtJ.y then were in.1ured bird ioh could not c l t th spring migra- tion to their northern ne1ting ground1. During the auaaer raol&l.t, 138 of the Honker• were preMnt on Spriag Lake. On July 6th a roundup -. held and 89 gee•• were oapt\ll'9Ci but, two goalitJga sneaked ••T withollt being banded. Ten ot then pe1e bad been banded in prniou year1, eight in 19,9, one 1.o 1956 and one 1n 1951.
The &••H were on the wing again 1n lap July nd feeding flight• north and 10Qth of th• retu 8V ino • T 'Y geneNllT do not atart. teedin& 1n 1'91'1.\ge ti lda untU lat Sept r, ------
-Ir
Report• wre Nceivecl of Canada peee brooda on ten di.tferent, lakea and eloLigba around U.. area ao it aan be •id that thi1 binl 1a tinnl.Y reeetabllshed. The only problea 1a controlling the harv••t ot th••• birde ao that the breed1.ng tlock oan be perpet,uted. Thia upect will be d1Ac11e1ed in a later notion.
b. Duok1
Th• ref\lge breeding popl.\l.atiCG ot d\l0k1 oomprieed apprmd.mately . 160 pair• t.h1a year. For the tiret tiire 1n many year•, blu.. winged teal were not the moat numeroua apeciee. Oadwalla le"'1J,he way with 50 paira closely followed b7 the blu.-winga and then mallardl pint.&Ua, b&l.dpate, gl"Hn-winged tesl d shov l r. The divin duoka, redhead•, oanvuback and ruddie , p a t d by a t w pairs. A tew eoaup were pNaent all 1U:1 r but sho d no incli - ' tion to nest. The tew Black ducke and Wood ducka preaont are thought t.o be moulting dr&Jcee. The tirat mallard and pint.ail broode were not obHrved until mid Jww. The bulk of the hatch ~curred in mid-Jul.y with a number ot late neata and reneete hatahing •ll into Auguet. Moat or these lat• reneets were very 811111 broode of two or three duckling••
Seventy-nine broodtl wre obaened. thia year canpared to the l.6 year average of 78. By way ot contrast, only 36 brc.>od.• were ob- . • served wider the drought. conditiou experienced in 19.59. Table I givea a epeci•• breakdown tor brood• obaernd in recent year• and th• 16 year average.
_ Gad.wall haw produced very oil here in reoent years and the blue ', . winged teal and pint.ail mad.• a good recovery trcm the poor ahowing ot laet year. Moat. ot the other 1peo1e1 artt holding their own -or showing ..11 increuu. The mallards llJAY be aome cauae for con . cern however. Even tho'lgh the number of brooda observed ino:reaud . tram 4 t.o 10, this i• *Ull well below the 16 year average ol 19 • The Alie type ot situation waa evident on the Study Area thia ewmaer. Per.hap• thia apecie1 ie being ovorharYeated looally or elaewher..
Total prod1.1Ction wa1 e&lct!l&t-S at US broode or ?ll dlaoklinga by uaing the 1ame method u in the put three yeara. The 79 brood• aot.ually obeerved ie st t to b two-third of he tota.1 production. It 1a ft cult to c lcul te ;rod tivity sine it o not b9 proved that ll or th ll8 b ooda ~e ths produot of th 160 braedi.ng pair•. t kn n tnat. !We broods produced an adjacent pothole• and maY• int.o th r fu l ter in t r. Generall.1 epeaking, 1960 can be oalled an average tear tor duck• on . ' thia refuge aince an aveN.ge nmi>w ot broocle W9J'9 ob1•"9d and the total d'1Ck uae dqe tor the ._.... period (198,72.3) 1a near]J equal t.o th• aix year average ot 204,293, ------'
TABLE I
Duck Production - Waubay Refuge
BROODS OBS§RV~
SpeciN 16 .Y!&I' Average ~ ~ Mallard 19 4 10 Balck Duck * Gadall l4 19 2) Am. Widgeon 2 l 2
Pintall 11 l 12 GW 'Teal * 1 2 BW Teal 22 9 22 Shoveler 2 1 1 Redhead J - s Canvasback * l Leaser Scaup 1 - - Goldeneye 1 - Rwidy Duck l - l TOTALS 78 .36 79 ""-" * Less t.ha.n one ------5-
2. Other Waterbirds nnd Shorebirds Coote were not forced to concentrate on refuge waters thia summer since there -· an abundance or habitat afti].able in this general area. Only two brooda were produced in tha marshy northeast corner ot Spring lake. A late summer buildup eto.rted in Aµsuat but waa not ot the size exporienoed du.ring the last two drouaht yoare.
An unuaual situation provail.ed with the Weatern Grebes this ewnmer. There formerly was a large colony on tho refuge but it ehitted to Rush lake fC¥r the put five years when r educed water levels stranded their nesting habitat. For some unknown reason the flock 0£ about 120 Western Grebes deserted Rursh lake and spent the awr.m.er on Spring lake but displayed no courtship or nesting activity. Rush iai.. e still has abWldant. habitat for these birds and more water than in 1959 when they raised at least 75 young. Both red-necked o.nd p1od-billed grebes were oor:mon neatera nnd one horned grebe neat was located on the ltcCarlsen tract. ~d Grebos were present early in th& period but no n~eting attempts were noted. At the end of the period large ratte ot pied-billed wrebea were forming on Spring l ake .
On June 14th a check was made or the Rookary Ieland in South r:aubay lake. There were 1050 old and now conn.ora."lt noeta on the isl.am, 485 living young, 100 dud young and about SO unhatched • SB• • The Ring billed gulls have established a col()!'\:" around the periphery ot the island and there we re an additional 1000 nosta of this species. Fortunately the day waci not too hot and there waa e broeze frcn tho eouth or the atonch would have been hard to take. If it were not. f or the tact that Cormorants are protected in South Dakota, a goodly nuni>er would havo had their ugly heade bashed in. No eliJr.ination or this colony is recomnended but they are getting ao nU!lerous that some control should be exercised. Pictures of this colony will be found at the end ot the report.
Flocke of up to 600 \'1hite Pelicans were present in the vicinity all elllc:r.er. These birdB do not no st in thia vicinity. Soarine flocks or Pelicans made an attractive addition to the ellltl110r ecenery.
Black t ema were common and several pair of F 01~eter' a tome nested on refuge ~ea. As mentioned earlier, a large Ring-billed gull colony exiats on South Waubay but the location of the Franklin' s 01111 colony 1o unknown. Lar~ .flocks of Fro.nk.lln' a gulls were present in late August .
A small i elAnd (aotual.13 a sand spit) was dacovered in South U'/:iubay lake whioh had aight Avocet nests on it. It aleo had a pair or nest.ing Piping Plovora and aevoral i:air or Spotted Sandpi pers. A eeriea or pictures on these bird.a and their neats will be lound at the end or tha repC¥rt. ------
One p&ir ot AYOO•t• nested Oft the retuae and aeveral pair ot Marbled God.wit. The iu1111l array ot th• ooman •bore bird•, euoh as Yellow lega, Spotted S&nd.pipen, etc. were preeent. R~ Tw-natonea were not as eonaon aa u.ual thia apriftg.
The Gr•t Bl~1 and Black-crowned lfight Heron• wr• pre.. nt 1n wtual number• u wu u the American B.tttem. 3. Doyea
The local molll'lling dove h&toh waa 1011fthat leH than in 1959 'Which waa considered a good .v-ar. The violent storm and hall on Augu•t J:rd probably oauaed some DK>rtality u entire trees were upl"Ooted And 1• many wre atripJ*l ot leavea. Flocke ot 15 to 25 dove a wr• commonly noted at. th• .•nd ot the period.
B • Upland Gama Bird1
Ring-necked Pheaa&nte are not aa abW'ld&nt thie year aa for th• paet . eeveral years. It is not known what ill reaponeible tor this reduction b11t it 1e tairl.y general. The hwiting •aaon and bag limit tor thia cowity •• reduced 40%. There aa an ample population of pheuanta which avvivad the ditriclll.t oonditiorw or laet winter and reprocl110- t.ion ahoulcl have been e:x:uellent but only three brood.a were oblienecl. It is po111ble that the bird.a di.lperaed more widely than uaual tor the neat.ing eeuon and the re will be a regrouping 1n t.he refuge again thia tall. Th• present refuge flock is estimated at 200 birda. ' ,• Onzy on• Hungarian paApidge covie wae ... thia ewnmer 10 there ia no basil for an upWard reviaion ot tti. previoua estimate ot SO bird• on th• ntua•· • No Sharptailed grouee or Chukar partridge• wre observed th1• period. c. Bia.Game Ani.lqal! There were lS to 20 deer l•tt on t.he ret11g9 following the herd re du~tion progru ot lalt Deoembe:r wlwn 6S •re removed. Reproduction
. I ' trCll thie ..all herd wa1 eurpr1eingly good u three Mt• of twinl ·.. and two 11ngle taWl'UI WIN obaernd. Since deler &1 now nilatively common in thi• cowitry, a tall intlux to winter cover can be anticipated.
It ha• been dffided that the rehge will cooperate with the aew State Polio7 ot annu.l doer aeaeone by opening a portion ot the re.t~. Praviouly the Muon had been held •YU'Y third 1ear and alao1t the entire ret11ge waa opened. In 1960 only that portion of th• refuge l,ying wat. ot the CoWlty gravel road ~wen Wauba,y and Grenville will be open. ------7-
Th• desired low population ot deer c maintain 10M hunting and yet there ill an ad quat ly lar cloa protect a nuoleue herd or deer. T qual ty oo q ntity or browwe ia improving each year under ti policy or low de .r popu latiOll.
Rita• will be permitt.ecl tor th• dffr hunt. tor the tint time. Thie ould h lp rov sporl.amanahip and reduce arippling 101a. In t s n th h t have ehot a large n\lllber ot 1hotg11n 1luge p r de
There were no car kill•, dog kila or lo•M• to poaching t.h1I period. D.
A ""ed" population ot mwskrat and mink are present to ut,1111• exiet ing habit.at.. Trapping will not. be teaaible again witil the "wet cycle" returns to rejuvenate reluge habitat.
There are eeveral beaver colonies in Spring Coulee and th~ 1a again activity in Barae Slough. For food and ahelt.er, the baav9r are de pendant ppon a rather limited auppl.y of willow. It may be neceanry to control the beaver colony by trapping in order to conaerw its habit.at.
Raccoon and skunk, uauall,y the moat troubl.. 01118 predator•, were not. conmonly aeon and evidently are at lo popW. tion 1 vels. A number of verified ca••• or r&biel have be n r port I this v oinity eo perhape thi• dia•••• 1a taking it.a toll the im.al • Howner• a healthy population of tox &nd badger •till exists. A moderate control program for th• tox is planned.
Cottontail rabbits have tapered oft tram their auper abwxlan~ of th9 paet tew year• but. are still plentiful. A .tew Jack rabbit• are· aleo present.
c ha b n noted in the composition ot the ground aquirrel popul tion. T chardaon•1 or. "fliokertail" are now ch&llenging th t e ined tor t:.he moat. numerou.a apeci••· The FraakHn•a rat•• a poor third.
E. DA*•· f4WL OWl!, Ravw and M!gpig Four pair ot swainaon'• la gain equal 1tatws -1th 1. e euooee1 •• good and th yo 1ng t.heir ldnga during Augll8t. k r o s rv d during th• aUlllUI' Dllt it 11 not known 11 ar\V' 10\lft& WN pl'Odaed on the refuge. A neat With one 7oung •• found on the StOO, Ar•. ------
Spal'Z'OW 8lld Cooper'• hawke we" •••n oooa11on&ll7 but nothing ii known ot their neat.ing. No &glee, R&Yeu or Magpie• have been obaerved t.hh period. Cron -did not. neat on th• ret1.1ge but a t• wre •en in the general vicinity.
There 1e a re•ident population or about 10 to lS Horned Owl• whi'°'h ia tolerated tor- the11" oontrol work on mll MPW1l1. 1. other Birda
For the eecond yea:r in a !'OW a Sftowy &gr.t was obaerved on nearby Ruah Lake. G. Fl!h Spring and Hillebrand lake• oontain no tiah lit• and Waub&T lake had a heavy "kill" lalt winter. Thia 1houl.d have tavorable erteota on the reeponee of aqu.atic vegeta1-1on. H. HtPtUe! Garter Snakes and Painted Turt.l.ea are oommon.
I. Dime•
A -11 out.b k or botlll.1 oocurr on nearby Ruah lake in m.1.d Auguat. A ch Ck wa de of re£U£e shorol1M1 but no evi.denoe of any t.roW:>le s not • Th h avy •ueuat raw and cooler weather ha.Ye 4tnded. any thr t from this source.
Ill REFUGE DJ£VELOPMEHT &: MAINTENAHC& • A. Physical D velopm9nt 1. n Pond Ch.\lnnel
A Tery worthwhile project which had bee planned tor man,v .r•are bt.1.t. never acccmpliahed dUlll to lacsk of tW1da •• completed during Aug11n. swan Pond 1e an aoellent •tertowl area or about 60 acrea lying adjaoent to Spring lake. It wtter• tr• an undependable aeappl.J ot •ter and often drie1 up during the brood aea•n• A 400 toot, lona ohannel •• c11t by s of a dragl.1ne trom Sprin lake. The •xi- llUlll aut was 6. fe f. through the roadb d. Th bottom is ten fed wide and the s:l.dee ar eloped J to l. J. 24" oulvvt -. inatalled at the trail croaeing and a home-Mele control will be in.t.alled aooii. Thia dev•lor-eat 8h0t&ld •ter1all¥ increase -~•rtowl ..tlli aation •l the ana and 1nave a Ate neat.1.ng 1it• tor Canada geeH on the three iahnde in the pond. ------9-
2. C!!!t•r Woocl8 Field Approximately tive acre• ot trees and bruah waa cleared tram an area in th• Center Woocla to provide a teeciing field for Canada ge•••· .lloet of th• retqe tield• 11• acljacent t.o the boundarie• where hunt ing prevent• utlliutian b1 waterfowl. When the meager amount ot food 1A th• interior tield• are l.l ..d up, t.he geeae mut teed out.•id• th• retuge and are tub jeot to huntin& preHW"•. Thia tield waa worked up and ••eded to fall rye. lt thia uall tield ia a11coeee t'1l. it will be enlarged to about ten aore1 next 1W11aer. 3. Fenoiy Approximately lt mil.ea or new 3 strand barbed wire fence wa1 construct ed th1e period to complete grazing unit• G-10 and G-ll. Steel poata nre used throughout except tor th• wooden corner,gate and braoe poat1. Nuaerot11 repairs were made to exi1ting fencing. These tencea wre erected, 25 years ago and maintenance is increaaing each year. 4. Nature Trail
A new "Nature Trail" wu laid out during July. There are two quarter .mile 1egmenta of thit trail, each connecting the Headquarter• aite and the Recrution Area. It make• an extremely pleaaant and ecenio halt mile walk. Signe will be prepared this winter to de1ignate landmark• along the trail •• well aa identifying the variolll tr••• and ahrul:>e.
Miecellaneou.a Accmaplif hment• l. Inatalled new hi&hway recognition sign by Indian Church corner. 2. Con1tf11cted two new picnic table• J. Painted outlinee of tool1 on t oolboard 4. Bllilt new sidewalk• in front of office and residence
5. Painted the S.nioe billding, Fire ahed, Chicken Coop and triJB on Pump Howie and Boat houee. 6. Removed Snow Feno• from Recreation Area
7. Built a winged corral on Spring Lake tor gooee roundup,
a. Sprayed 60 acre• ot noxiou weed1, ao1tl,y Canad& thistle. 9, Inttalled •• tire extinguiah•r• in all Tehiclee and Head- qurtw• building•. ------' -- --~
10. Mowcl 23 llih1 ot refuge trail• with Qyram.ower.
11. Kade wekJ..y cleanup ot Keoreation Area
12. Mowed Keadqm.rter• and Reo. Area lawns a• neoesea17
13. Performed routine aintenance and oh•cka on refuge Y•hial•• aa aeoes1ary. B. Planting• 1. Aguatiaa and Marsh Plagt• None thie period
2. Tree• and ~uba None this period J. ,• Upland Herbaceous Pl.ants None tJli• period
4. C!Y:~ivated Croea Barley, wheat, oats and millet •re grown on the retuge under cooperative fann.ing agreementa. arly crops were fairly good with wheat rwming 20 bWahel• encl oata about Al) bl&8he!I. Barley •• onl.r fair and th• millet crop 1a poor, due to local drought oo.nd.itione ill July •
. A new 1'1eld of about. .5 aor.. •• opened up in the Center Wood8 and aeeded down to rye. A ten acre portion ot HA-3 waa alao •ffd•d with rye in order to provide browse for the geeae th.'\.a tall and next. apring.
c. Coll!a\iona and Receipt• l. Seed and ot,her Propyb'l•t None thil period 2. sao1-na
None tbie pe1·iod. D. Contro1 9r Vegetation To be reported in Sept.-Deo. narrative. ------~ -- -11-
E. Pl!M!d Burning Non• thi• period. P. Fk,!1 Hone during the period. Conditiona wre ql.l.ite favorable moat ot the period, wit.h the month ot J&alJ' being th• excepticn, when local drought aonditione did create haurdo111 conditione.
IV Economic Uae ot the Retuge
A. Qn!ing
Eight permits totalling 561. Alllf 11 were in •fleet f'rom Jmie lit through the end or the period. All unite are 1n uc•ll•nt. con dition thi• y•r as compared to 1959 when otr pa8ture1 1t.d'tered trom the drought.. The oorwert.ed hay unite have made a tantutic recovery and eho• what old mot.her Natw-e can do when given halt a ahanae. B. Ha,,ying OnlJr two wild hay cutting permit• were in ettect thie period and the aoreage wae reduced one-third on these in line with the long range plan to eliminate thia practice troa tha retuge. An excellent yield •• obtained from both th• wild bay ar¥i altalta aa growing condition• •r• exoellent early in the period. The wild hay unite averaged almoat a ton per acn while eoma ot the al.talta uni.ta wnt over 2 ton• per aore. It. •• not possible to .U a Hcond eutting of altalta before th• Auguat 15th deadline aa the lack of rainfall etunted growth. c • 19£ Har!•!\ None thia period.
D. 11.mbK Remov!l Hone this period. E. C011111eES11al Fiahiy Not. applicable to t.hia area.
F. Other U1•1 None thi• period. ------12-
V Field. Investigation GI" Applied ReMarOh
A. P£01£!Y Bjpor\ l. Wtgby Stu.cly A£!! The •t.r(•l naeuoh projeat on th tuct.y Ar larger job t.hia JRI' than lan. good pr . runoff t.o 269 ot th• 391 potbol•• and br irs of du.eke In 19S9 there •a a ...Vm• ot lJ thole on th and ling production. Th18 year a ainimu. ot 228 brood. ob rv • Cover wu eo heavy that many brooda could ha'Ye been mia1ed. ,..._. oonditiona wnt tairl.y good at.11 a dry period in Jul.Y and Auguat caw.ed an abrupt drop. · There wre only JS •t•r area• remaining in mid·A11guat.. The D nver dlife esa rch laboratory provided tunda to eaploy an aaeiat nt oz1 thi proj ct tor i"iv aeparate one week perioda. Thie help s uoh ppr~c · t d there 11 a tremendow. UlOW'lt. ot l•g work n c sary on this 11 equ r all• area. Each pothole had to be "beat ollt" oompl•tel.¥ tor •oh of the tin timee it •• covered. Check• wre made on neating, veget.ativa cover, land u•, water lewl1, and eome banding na done throQlh the UH of a :retzoe1ving dog. 2. Watertowl Traneepte
· Only minim• oov•raae wae aadtl on t.b• Roal¥n and Siaaet.on Hill• tranaeota t.h11 period due to the greater importance of the Stwt¥ &N& and preeeure or other work. R\anott tilled moat ot the pot.- holes on th• transects thU aprJna. Both traneect• haw retumed to normal. That ia, the Sisaeton Hill• t.ranaecta h&e l°'ts of nioe looking pothole• and tew duck• and the Ro1l.yn traneeot is ao heavily oYergrown with vegetaUoft that d1.1oka are ditticult tQ obMne. J. Cagadf Gooee Bandies
On JW., 6th a roundup ot moulting Ccu&Ui~ Lake. There wen 138 adult.a, goal· ~ ..,.. herded into a winged oorr 1. T n ge s d b en banded in previoua year11 eight in l9S9, en 1n 1956 .and one in 1951. Of th reaining Tl peee, 20 _.. goal s. Th er w for th driv con aiated ot th• local State Game rd n, a G ana r, 2 persons troa the Bible Camp, J men from t Dure u of Indian ft irs School and the 4 Nf1&ge per1onnel.
A ••t or inatruoticna tor thia 1U111Mr goose roundup baa been prepared based on the laet two year• .xperienae. In future J'9&1'a it ehould be easier to ..t up and conduot thie drive and obtain better resulta. Thie banding ot local see•• i• an extremely iaportant part ot the management of the native gooee flock. ------
/
4. Protected Area tor White-cheH!d 9"1• Much ooncvn haa been expreaaed. over t.he 8tatua of the native tloak of Canada &•••• by ofliciala or the Service and t.h• State Coneenat.ion Departaent.. Th• tlook 1a 11 stabli h d 1n the retup and hu •pnad out to eatablieh tol The logioal aolut.ion to th• probl•, aoquiaition ot additional land tor the refuge 1a impractical at present due to tunde, prior1t1ea, State concurrence and lando~ner oppoaition. Aa a reault ot a Meting ot Service and State otticiale, a propoHl. ba1 been made to eat.abliah a JOO 8QU&re ail• protected are& tor white-cheeked '""• Thia area, bounded by oount.7 line• and blao.k-t.oppecl road• ie eanntiall.y the eaatern halt or Day CoWlty. On July 26t.h Service otticiala met with state personnel at Pierre to .tucly plane tor the prot.ected area. A8 a reeult of thia meeting it waa deeided to at.art. thie experiaental protected area in the tall ot 1961 and continue it for five year•. All Canada ge••• and aubapeciea will be protected aince hunt.era aan not. nadily di9t.inguiah the larger t:rom t.he ..1ier tonna in the field. Qt.her geeee auoh u Snow. Blue and White-front will be legal game. Thia act.ion will be a giant step in the direction ot proper gooae managc.-it in th11 locality. In connection with thia program a leafiet •a prepared by rel\lge personnel containing all the tact.1 on th• native gooee flock in cluding production, banding and haJ"Yut information. s. .§xeerielntal Herbicidf On July 19th a one aore plot ot phragmitea in t.h• Inlet Pond area •• aprayed with 4 pound• )C-569 Allitrol provicMd by the American Ch-1cal Company. The apparent. kill ia 100% and no regrowth ha• been noted to date. A auppl.y of thU ch-1.oal will be purcha•ed tor more extenaive 11ee next year. VI PUBUC RELATIONS A. BeoreatiOAAl Un Th• Relqe neoreational Ar• ha• now been rehabilitated to th• point where it 18 in nearly" u good .nape ae When it •• ••t.abU.ahed ar• 20 yore ago. Thia 1.mproTed condition bu inoreaaed t.be 11t.Ut.1ation ot this picnic area 80Mwh&t but the iaproved roads and taollitJ.ea --' ------14- at the nearby resort. lake1 11 proY1ding an outlet tor moet ot the reCAat.1onal prwseure, Thie ie a mn •loom lit.uation ainoe then 1e no deaire among retqe parsOMel to pt int.o more recr.at1on problUl.8. On wekende the Recreation AN& bad moderate to bee.Ty UM but on weekdaya it wa1 quite lif;ht • The nearby NESODAK Bible Cup llMd the area tor a piclnic tor 200 perllOll8 eaob Wedneeday evenipg troa June t,hrougb Augt.111t • B • Refuge Vilitor1 Olticial viaitora tor the period are listed on the following pap. Routine buaine11 a&llera and permittee a are not 1nclu4ed. State a.. Warden Doug Sall.&¥ ot Waubay •• a frequent vi11t.or and Predator and Rodent Control Agent Gem Hollopeter called eeveral t1-a. c. Refug~ Participation . The manager apoke, gan a elide-talk or tour of the refuge to the following group1 during the period. The frequent notations ot "Bible Camp" refer t,o the Northeastern South Dakota Bible Camp operated by the Evangelical LI.It.he ran Church on Ea.eay Swim Lake, located ju1t .3 mil.es east of retu.ge headquart.er'1. It 1a a . r camp for teen agers from all over ea.te.m Soaath Dakota. bout .200 youngoters attend each week. &ach Tuesday night a conHrvation talk d colo 1lide ehowing 1a •de at the Cup and on Wednesday evening the ouper1 picnic in the Recreation AN& Md view th• refuge troa the firetower at Head quartve. Thie baa provided a wonderful opportunity to null" oonaer vation to the ~outh du.ring their receptive years. t At.t ndanoe re nt t1on 518 DI-01wani&:l1•Cl . We e.*•••ter 10 Slid alk 5/9 Biology Cla1a.. Sie1eton 80 Talk &t t.om 5/2l Oraitholoa Cl.a•• sosc, Broold.nge 24 ?alk & tour 6/9 Bible l!amp Waubay 40 Slide-talk 6/lJ 3 Birding Groupe lowa,Okla. ,s.D. 15 Talk le tour 6/16 Bible Camp Waubay 100 Slide-talk 6/21 Bible Camp Waub6.Y 12S Slide-talk 6/28 Bible Camp Waubay uo Slide-talk 7/5 Bible Camp Wauba.r 100 Slide-talk 7/10 Wildllte Mgt.clu• M1oa .state u 9 Talk 7/12 Bible Camp Waubay 60 Slide-t.alk 7/19 Bible Camp Waubay 12S Sllde-tal.k 7/27 Bible Camp Waubay 100 Slide-talk 8/2 Bible Camp Waubay 75 Slide-talk 8/9 Bible Camp Waubay 140 Slide-talk B/16 Bi.bl• Camp W&ubay l.D Slide-t.alk 8/1 I.w.L.A. W.~t•r 60 TalJ<-tour 8/26 Bible Camp Waubay 50 Slide-talk ., ' -Date -la.- Oro.n1 zatiOA or Title Ad.drea• Pmi>oN s/3-s Mr. I. lllhela It ran lnel.a for nt.w G. Hof tllaatAr F.ngi"'Hll" • aid Mpls., Kinn. Mr. Dale SalDtr8 Free lance Photographer Braioerd, Minn...... Wildlite Pbotograpby 5/10 .5/13-14 Kr. Herb lraue &: Beg. Editor Audobon Field Hotn Sioux Falla, Mr. Heman Cbllaoa & local birder Webster, s.D. Birding trip ., S/21. Pro!. M.A. All• & 22 st.udenta S. Dak. St.ate College Brookings, s.D. Slide-talk 6: tour ot re!Rp 6/1 1'r. Art. Bruda Pilot-Biologiat Mpla. llinn. Aerial photo• 6/2 Kr. M. Benes WHP Biologist. Aberdeen, S .D. Wet.land Acquiaitian 6/2 Mr. George Jankel WHP Biologiat. Huron, S.D. Wet.land Acquiaitioo 6/lJ-17 Mr. .Tia Tbmpeon &. f'la113' Clerk at Mud I.aka Retuge Holt, Minn. Wildl.1te Pictures 6/27 Mr. Dick Cook u.s. Weather Bureau Hlll"Oll, S.D. ealibl'llte rain gagge 6/28 Kr. Ctuick keeler State Area Game Mgr. Webster, S.D. c1oaecl area tar Canada gee" 7/1 Mr. Jerrr St.oucit. Research Biolagiat. Aberdeen, S.D. Waubay study Area 7/5 Mr. &: Jira. Herb Dill Betuge Mgr. Mud Lake Holt, Minn. Deliver goose trap net ., 7/5 Mr. 6 llrs. lrvm Roa tad Maintenance Wan - Upper Souria Foxholm., N.D. Court.eay call 7/9-10 Dr. Petz-idea & 8 sttadeat.a 11.ichigan St.ate "U• Ann Arbor, Mich. stmV Waterfowl 7/19 Dr. Ray &rickaon Cent.ral Ottice Waabingt.on, D.C. ri• -.tertowl comUticha 7/19 Mr. M. i.eftea WHP Biologiat Aberdec., s.D. n.. waterfowl cmdit.iaaa 7/19 Kr. G• .Toakel WHP Biologiat. Huron, S.D. rift 11&t.ertOlll. ecmditiou 7/24 Kr. Winaton Banko Central Ottice lliaabingt.cc, D.C. Toar ot ntuge 7/~ Mr. Hane7 Jliel.aon .Aaa't. Regional Supenaor Kpls. Kinn. Tom- ot re.tag• 7/24 Mr. Ballan Siologiat, liegioa II Al.buqaerque, R.M. Tov ot retage 7/24 Dr. Bill Orem Biol.ogia~, Upper Jlieaiaaippi Winona, Minn. Tour ot refuge 8/ll llr. Ray lfurd,r Reaeareh Biologist Aberdeen, S.D. Tour ot StucV" Area ., ., ------1.5- The above llet doea not include 1181\Y t.oure and t&lke made to carload eize iJ'Oupa ot 'VieitOl"a. On Auguet 13th, th n gar att d a 25 year NW'lion and banquet, for Scout Troop ll2 at Holt, esot • Th• writer •• Sooutmaltv ot thia t.roop for almost tour ye rs hll statUned at the Mud Lake National Wildlife Refuge. the last po t a th £ ot that. on rch Jrd and 4th r . Fr alt tt nded Radiological onitoring Training School in berd n. A i'ull k's tr s "er d'' into t o days d appropriate ine rU11I&nts and in tructiona iss d. r. Fro elt states that this course certainly gave him gre t r insight into Civ l Det n e probleu • •ildl.ife Aid Fr lt tt nd a meeting ot S.rviae and State per1onnel at i rre on July 26th to d1scu s the Protected Area for Canada Gee••· The mana er was ill d unabl to make the trip. Seaaonal intormation on bird lit• waa cootributed regularly to Audubon Field Notes. D. HuptW Nam thie period. E. Violationt No game violations h :ve be n not d this period. A pre-gr duation c lebration by a group of igh chool tudent~ in tho l er tion during · y r ult d 1n a m s ot br k n bottle ; tc. School uthorit1ee were contact nd th rsonD r sponsible for the me a 1er f orc d to clean it. "P• VII OTilliR IT~ A. It!!! of Intere1t l. Wet.land Acquisition Pro&FY he uoay R fug ha b n a sign d the r sponeibility tor etland (or w terfowl production r ) acquir d 1n the follo in,g counties of outh Dakota. Th numb r 1n ntheeis f ollow1ng th county is the priorit1 ••signed th county in th tertowl production acqui ition program in South Dakota. ------16- CoWlty iority Day (1) arshall (3) Roberts (4) Clarie (5) Codington (13) Kingebu.ry (16) Deuel (18) Hamlin (20) Brooking• (21) Grant (26) A field station for this acquisition program is to be at bllsh d in Ab rd en, South Dakot Octo er l, 1960 ere r alty and en- gin erins personnel nnd tland conservation biologists ill be stationed. Sine Day Cowity has the I ir t priority in South D ot , it is anticip ted th thepe will b a con idera le amount of otivity round here in the ne r future. The cCarlson tract of 160 acr a, purch sed under th old duck st pro am, w partially easn croµped this y r at th rat of 4.40 per er • The pasture and sh lter belt land s left idl to recover fro the drought of 1959. Reve u trom the cropland ounted to 279.50. Fiv of th ix buildings on the tr ct er old to th highest idder. Th s building brought: 4Ef"/.OO. Onl y on bid s rec iv d for the house and it was rejected. lt ill he v rtiaed in the ne r i'utur • · 2. Satetz Safety meetina• are held regularly as well aa on the job eafety diacu.aions. As of August. .:u, 1960, there have been 4,958 calendar daye without a loet timAt accident. J. Ten Year Service A•rd Manager John Carleen •• presented with a Ten Year Service lapel blltton on June a, 1960. 4. Credit! Seot.iona I, III and IV wre prepard by Wildlife Aid Fromelt. S. Photomptw r. J a Thompson, clerk t th ud lake Re.fu , visit d ·aubay during Jun .and took a number ot xcellent photogr ph , some of hi.ch r p nd d. Th i uoay Hef ie sincerely ppr oiative of tb fin work r . Thompson has don • Th four ller siz photos e t en with ref t'ilm equipment. -- SIGNATURE PAGE Submitted by: (siilture Datei .... (Title) Approved, Regional Office: Date: (Signature) Reg1on~l Refuge Supervisor ------• r ... ·r r t- r ,. " < ,,. " .},. ... -.. " '7' "" ' Y.'° r ~' !.-'~"'!'' ~' r -~ ' ------ 41:l- w·-....1CIJ>6 aalle ..... 'l't3l'1?>.IL9' ~ (. :i -'~,;AfJ '/_. .>.~t.? ------19 1: 1 ~.. -~ J..__r; ;t ------ ( / ------ W'aubq *'°' .. 6/l.J/60 ., Dabl!a,g SlOQ&b w1lh -.tM 1.,.¥ ...noncs t'l"Ofl ..-1n1 .,..,.rr. ~~-t. ,.. JJ y ..... ,;1. (,). ------ 1/6/6Q • UoMN1 •id of ...... ,.a budlA& ''JJ - oond. .na •...... ,. ,, ') ;') ,., L .. ; ··.... . /~~ i. {_. <;, ------ 1 J-l.750 Form NR-1 (Rev. March 19SJ) WATERFOWL '- REFUGE ... ., MONTHS OF - TO ~ , 19•- ', , (1) .' Species 1 : 2 i 3 4 i 5- i 6 7 8 9 10 Swans: Whistling Trunpeter Geese: Canada 5E) ,, a 116 1?1 l?l 171 171 Cackling ., Brant '' " Whi te-.f'ronted Snow a a Blue 1 1 1 1 1 Other Ducks: - - so 50 uo UD MO 17S a •a 2 2 22 22 19 19 l05'° .mo'° lCI) JOO .,'° 60 lD .,, JO 2 a ' '°4 4 ..4 ~ • )5 )5 61 6\ ti) "'10 •JO '"' "20 16 16 J6 l6 ., , MO UD U5"• us• 100• 90" 90 to 110" llO as JD 25 » JD '° • • • 2 •a lO JO • • • u a a a JO 4 4 .,' 2 ., UI> 4' lO •• • » • 15 " UD 10 2 a z 2 a a • • ., J .., 25 JO JO IO • » lO I - - W.Di::h __ n_ C-•7a1o1. ) -17!>Ua Cont. NR-1 (Rev. March 1953) WATERFOWL (Continuation Sheet) ,, REFUGE .... • MONTHS OF .. ..,1 TO ~.30 , 19 • ( 3) : (4) . Estimated : Production (1) : 7/Iu;t6: 1/l!l•"L.J : 1/ra.-JJ :7/Jl-.U.16 : ~ x ~ ~ : : waterfowl :Broods: Estimated Species . 11 . 12 : 13 : 1h . 15 s 16 . 17 . 18 : days use a seen : total Swans: Whistling Trwnpeter Geese: Canada 171 111 us in. 171 16.716 Ill Cackling m I I- rn. 1'D I I 11 1 'f I Brant I I I I I I White-fronted Snow a 2 a a Blue 1 1 l 1 • Other -~ 1 I I '~' ., Ducks: --iiailard 17' l7J as a.JS 660 10JS I l4SG I 36. 610 I 10 I 90 Black 19 19 u l5 "°15 24 15 Gad.wall tD U6 11'1 MO )10 JOO 63; 19. Gt? I) 2r/I Bald pate •4 15 J1 110 335 3.51, 29,428 I 18 Pintail JOO 100• uo JJ8 ZJD 310 10DO 100_;,.. 24a60S 12 ., ) Green-winged teal 25 25 JD "lO 'SD 2~ 506 2 l& Blue-winged teal uo U> 243 lJl llX> 660 1155 2450 46.613 .u -198 Cinnamon teal '° '° '° Shoveler JO JO 64 225 uo tl/0 lo_ltSI I 1 I Wood 2 2 ..2 1 l Redhead JD ~ 100 101 l2J ZJO" Zit lJJ 9-719• I I .,' Ring-necked .)5 Canvasback 4 .. 6 6 10 I 'l I 9 Seaup 3) J u 45 sn 6,538 Goldeneye • ' "' Bufflehead " '° 105 ., J Rud~ 2 I a I JO I Zll I la) I I 1· 365 I ,_., I 1 I Other • "° ' Coot: lO I 10 I a.a I a6J w I I J4'J I '6SO I '6.JDt I 2 I u (over)I "° .. . :·...... (~ ( 6) ------rn Total Da:ys Use : Peak Number : Tota1 Production SUMMARY : Swans Principal feeding areas ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.,,_,~ Geese 1a : • Ducks : 711 Principal nesting areas ...., JM!. ~ i.-. Coots SMO u Reported h1' •• c. eer--i-. a.llp ..... INSTRUCTIONS (See Secs. 7531 through 7534, Wildlife Refuges Field Manual) (1) Species: In addition to the birds listed on form, other species occurring on refuge during the reporting period should be added in appropriate ·spaces. Special attention should be given to those species or local and national signif'icance. ( 2) Weeks of Reporting Period.: Estimated average refuge populations. ( 3) Estimated Waterfowl D81'8 Uees Average week~ populations x number of d~s present tor each species. ( 4) Production: Estimated number of young produced based on observations and actual counts on representative breeding areas. Brood counts should be made on two or more areas aggregating 10% of the breeding habitat. Estimates having no basis in fact should be omitted. ( 5) Total Days Use: A sUP1111S.r,y of data recorded under ( 3). ( 6) Peak Numbers Maximum mnnber of waterfowl present on refuge duriDg aey census of reporting period. (7) Total Production: A SUDllll8.rT of data recorded \Dlder ( 4) • Interior Duplicating Section, Washington, D. c. 37!144 1953 3-1751 ., Form NR-lA • MIGRATORY BIRDS (Nov. 1945) laJI (other than waterfowl) . • Refuge ...... !.9n.•n··-···"··-···- ··--···---·--··--· Months of... ~ ...... to.... ~ ...... 1Sl6 ...... (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) ( 6) Species First Seen Peak Numbers Last Seen Production Total Number !Total # Total Estimated Common Name Numge r I Date Number I Date Number I Date Colonies Nests Young Number I I. Water and Marsh Bir.ds: JO. ~ ., • JS ~s • JO )~ • I • • UD • I 100"' • JO • '° • • • • =• ., II. Shorebirds, Gulls and Tu!:!!§: 200 a. ~ f ~1· a , ...... twe 4 &l.MI& ,... 1$U••• JO ld1ltt. - f . IS.1••··~ MIO• Vplql now. JD ...... GClldw1l ...... •a {over) ., All tabulated information should be based on the best available techniques for obtaining these data. Estimates having no foundation in fact must b~ omitted. Refuge totals for all categories should be provided in the spaces below the last unit tabulation. Additional forms should be used if the nwnber of units reported upon exceeds the capacity of one page. : This re ort embraces the recedin 12-month eriod Nor the fiscal or ca endar year, and is submitted annually with the Mai- ugust narrative ;r:eport. INSTRUCTIONS (1) Area or Unitt A geographical unit that, because of size,, terrain characteristics~ habitat type and current or anticipated management practices, may be considered an entity apart from other areas in the refuge census patterno Estimated acreage of each unit should be indicated. (2) Habitat~ Crog_s include all cultivat.€d croplands such as cer eals and green forage ~ planted food patches and agricultural row crops ; upland consists of all unculti vat ed t errai n l;Ving above the plant com muni ties requiring seasonal subrnergAnce or a completely saturated soil condition a part of each year, and includes lands whose temporary .flooding facilitates use of non-aquatic type foods; marsh . .. extends from the upland cormnunity to, but not including, the water type and consists of the relatively stable marginal or shallow-growing emergent vegetation type including wet meadow and deep marsh; and t he ·wat.er category includes all other water areas inundated most or all of the growing season and extends from the deeper edge of the marsh zone t o strictly open-water areas, embracing such habitat as shallow playa lakes, deep l akes and r eservoirs, true shrub and tree swamps , open f l owing wat er cind maritime bays.11 sounds and est uari es. Acreage estimates for each type should be kept as accurate as possible through ref erence t o available maps supplemented by periodic f i eld ob ser vations and should agree with unit acr eageo (3) Use-days~ Use-days is computed by multiplying weekly water fowl population figures by seveno ·. · (4) Breeding An estimate of the total breeding population of Population~ each category of birds for each area or unit. (5) Productioni Estimated total number of yoW1g raised to flight age. Interior Duplicating Section, Washington9 D~ Co 1956 869~ 3-1752 Form NR-2 UPLAND GAME BIRDS 1613 ., ' (April 1946) Refuge ~m:aay Months of !fr.¥ 1 to Sept_. lO , 19,40 (4) (1) (2) (J) (5) (6) (7) Species Density I Young I Sex Produced Ratio I Removals I Total I Remarks - 'd • Q) ..c: Estimated "O ~ ~ CJ Acree J.t m- ~ number Pertinent information not Q) "O ~ ~r-i -n ~:Q ~ ., ) Cover types, total per ..c o- ~ C) Q) using specifioally requested. § 0 fl) :j~ S.. 0 S.. ti> Common Name acreage of habitat Bird s...o Percentage o~ 0 Q) Refuge List introductions here. z.oo ~~ ~ rz.. II.I f%. ~ Illa~ •el'ttd ?Ririe• G.101ldMle , f'b•I I I& .,. fWds. ~-m>acrc. I I l I I I I I I ., ~ ~ b .'ro1de, ol~" • t1ol4a w·.~ eda - 2700 - - 1 '° 'f ·1 ., ~ IlJSTRUCTIONS Fort11 NR-2 - UPLAND GAME BIRDS.* (1) SPECIES: Use correct common name. (2) DENSITY: Applies particularly to those species considered in removal programs {public hunts, etc.). Detailed data IDaiY' be omitted .ror species occurring in limited numbers. Density to be expressed in acres per animal by cover types. 'l'hia information is to be prefaced by a statement .i"rcB the refuge manager as to the number of acres in each cover type :£ound on the refuge; once submitted, this information need not be repeated except as significant changes occur in the are4 of cover types. Cover types should be detailed enough to .furnish the desired information but not so much as to obscure the general picture. Examples: spruce swamp, upland hardwoods, reverting agriculture land, bottomland hardwoods, short grass prairie, etc. Standard. type symbo1s listed in Wll.dlife Management Series No. 7 should be used where possible. Figures submit~ed should be based on actual observations and counts on representative sample areas. SUrvey method used and size of sample area or areas should be indicated under Remarks. (3) YOUNG PRODUCED: Estimated number of young produced, based upon observations and actual counts in representative breeding habitat. (4) SEX. RATIO: This column applies primarily to wild turkey, pheasants, et.c. Include data on other species if available. (5) REMOVALS: Indicate total number in each category reaoved during the report period. (6) TO!AL: Estimated total number using the refuge during the report period. This may include resident birds plus those migrating into the refuge during certain seasons. (7) REMARKS: Indicate method used to determine population and area covered in BurV8J". Also include other pertinent information not specific~ requested. * Only columns applicable to the period covered should be used. 16l:J 1 •. '