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Integrated Watershed Management Programme Integrated Watershed Management Programme State Perspective and Strategic Plan (SPSP) PUNJAB Submitted to Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India State Perspective and Strategic Plan for IWMP, DoLR- PUNJAB 1. Introduction: An overview of State. 2. Agro-climatic Zones 3. Demography & Land Distribution 4. Land Use Pattern. 5. Trends in Agriculture & Food productivity. 6. Implementation of Watershed Programmes in the state at present. 7. Strategy for implementation of IWMP. 8. Livelihood Concerns. 9. Institutional Arrangement. 10. Capacity Building. 11. Monitoring and Evaluation. 12. Expected Outcomes. Source: Statistical Abstract of Punjab; Department of Soil & Water Conservation, Punjab & line departments. State Perspective and Strategic Plan for IWMP – DoLR- PUNJAB Chapter I 1.0 Introduction Briefly describe physical features along with physical-cum-political map of the State. The state of Punjab forms a part of Indo-Gangetic alluvial plane and is composed of sediments of Siwalik Hills and Himalayas brought down and laid by the rivers of Indus system. The exact depth of the alluvium has not been ascertained though it varies from a few meters to over 2000 meters. The state can be divided in to the following major physiographic units. a) Shiwalik hills b) Piedmont plain c) Alluvial plain d) Sand plain e) Flood plain f) Palaeochannels The Shiwalik Hills in the north-east are steeply sloping. The Shiwalik hills occupy nearly 2.6 percent area of the state and cover sizeable area of Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, NawanShehar, Rupnagar and S.A.S Nagar districts. The piedmont area forms a transitional zone between the shiwalik hills and alluvial terraces. It is about 10 to 15 km wide and comprises of Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Nawanshaher, Rupnagar and SAS Nagar districts. The Alluvial Plain/ terraces are the old flood plains of the rivers, the remnants of which lie above the level of present river beds. Three major alluvial plains/terraces are popularly known as upper-Bari Doab covering most parts of Tarn Taran, Amritsar and Gurdaspur districts, Bist Doab covering area between Beas and Satluj rivers and Malwa plain area south of river Satluj. The sand dunes are low ridges along the present and old courses of rivers and choes. At present, only 0.56% area of the state is under Sand dunes. The Flood plains of Ravi, Beas, Satluj and Ghaggar rivers and many seasonal rivulets cover nearly 10% area of the state. The Palaeo channels are believed to be the remnants of the old active channels. These areas occupy a low-lying topographic position on the landscape. 2 IWMP-SPSP-PUNJAB 1.1 Briefly describe drainage systems along with state map indicating major rivers. The drainage system plays an important role in shaping the landscape of an area due to its erosional and depositional nature. The Satluj, Beas and Ravi rivers form the main drainage system in the state of Punjab. The other main drainage channels in Punjab are Ghahhar river, White Bein, Black Bein, Kiran nala, Chakki River and Sakki Nala. In addition to these major drainage channels, these are numerous choes (seasonal rivulets), originating in the Siwalik hills and drain the Kandi area. The natural gradient of the drainage channels is generally from north- east to south-west direction. In areas, where natural drainage is lacking, artificial drains have been dug up for the disposal of storm water and seepage from waterlogged areas in the state. The drainage network map for the state was updated using the satellite data acquired during the period from 2003-2004 and digitized for critical appraisal of waterlogging, flooding and drainage congestion. In Punjab, out of the total irrigated area, 29 percent is irrigated by canals and remaining 71 percent by tubewells. There are six major canals system viz. Upper Bari Doab, Sirhind, Bikaner, Rajasthan, Bist Doab and Bhakra. Only Upper Bari Doab Canal is taking off from river Ravi and the other five canals from river Satluj. The canal network has been digitized for better perception of the command area of each major canal and their distributaries. 3 IWMP-SPSP-PUNJAB 4 IWMP-SPSP-PUNJAB 1.2 Brief description of all river basins The indo-Gangetic plain, of which the Punjab is a part, stretches from the Yamuna river the east to Sulaiman mountains (Pakistan) in the west and separates the peninsular from the extra-peninsular region. The whole expanse of the plains, from one end to the other, is formed with unvarying monotony of Pleistocene and recent alluvial deposits of the rivers of the Indo-Gangetic system. They have completely shrouded the old land surface to a depth of hundreds of meters. This is one vast level plain with wide eroded channels within which the great rivers have occasionally shifted their beds. The alluvial plain covers nearly two-third of the total geographical area of the state. The geological facts reveal that the Indo-Gangetic plain owes its origin to a depression of synclinal nature. The origin of this depression or trough is intimately connected with the origin of the mountains, though its exact nature is not known and is a matter of conjecture. This trough was later on filled up with enormous quantities of sediments brought down from the mountains by the rivers of the Indo-Gangetic system. The exact depth of the alluvium has not been ascertained, though it varies from less than 1,000 to over 2,000 meters. The alluvial sdimentse comprise of massive beds of clay, silt, sand and gravels (Sehgal, 1970; Sehgal et al., 1973; Wadia, 1976) Geologically, the state of Punjab is formed by the alluvial deposits of various rivers flowing through Punjab, namely Ravi, Beas, Satluj, Ghaggar and their tributaries. Based upon the period of deposition these are further sub divided into recent, newer and older alluvial deposits. The Siwalik range in the north-east of Punjab includes middle and lower Siwaliks. Thses hills are formed as a result of the latest phase of Himalayan orogeny. Theses are composed of Pinjore boulders, conglomerates and poorly lithified, soft and friable-sand stone and shales. The age of these deposits vary from Upper Miocene to Lower Pleistocene. The piedmont plain in kandi Belt of Punjab state is characterized by coarse textured, poorly sorted, sediments mixed with gravels and pebbles. It is formed due to coalescence of alluvial fans and is confined to narrow belt along the Siwalik foot hills. 5 IWMP-SPSP-PUNJAB 1.3 Demarcation of micro-watersheds along with code nos. on a map. 6 IWMP-SPSP-PUNJAB 1.4 Overview of the State Table SPSP 1: State Profile* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Population (As per the 2001 Census) % of Total no. of Male Female Total Sl. No. of Total no. Geographical BPL to Name of District Gram Panch- No Blocks of villages area in Ha. total ayats S S SC ST Others SC Others SC Others T T popul- ation 1. Amritsar 9 746 708 267700 315411 1152821 274408 1004199 589819 1594018 29.6 2. Gurdaspur 16 1617 1532 356400 230068 701059 204238 622443 434306 1757808 9 3. Taran Taran 8 487 477 241900 141290 211935 121500 182265 262800 394200 31 4. Hoshiarpur 10 1417 1386 337000 196242 419250 181148 399566 377390 818816 18.48 5. Kapurthala 5 690 618 163000 119163 501453 1066245 206785 225787 976541 23.65 6. Jallandhar 10 950 934 263200 389067 897451 350695 687543 739762 965430 19.57 7. Nawanshahar 5 471 465 126000 109578 154936 101149 140739 210727 295675 0.05 8. Ropar 5 616 597 137600 69312 193946 61464 172368 130776 497091 12.2 9. S.A.S. Nagar 3 415 403 109300 67998 178743 55100 151221 123098 329964 11.6 10. Patiala 8 942 918 331900 200132 671358 176857 585532 376989 1256890 4.8 Fatehgarh 5 444 442 114200 88087 202050 76949 70955 165036 373005 3.6 11. Sahib 12. Ludhiana 12 915 897 370600 415679 1247037 342529 1027586 757962 2274869 12.5 13. Sangrur 9 576 573 360500 293515 494280 257961 427486 551476 921766 26.67 14. Barnala 3 125 124 141400 50273 231221 41211 204226 91494 435447 19.48 15. Moga 5 329 321 223200 151647 322492 133292 287423 284939 600915 3.14 16. Ferozepur 10 1004 968 526300 210329 715895 188080 631803 398409 1347698 2.61 17. Faridkot 2 171 163 147700 104984 56743 94273 654123 199257 176532 2.86 18. Mukatsar 4 234 234 263600 147000 248000 146000 237000 293000 485000 13 19. Bathinda 8 284 280 337600 189652 443157 164980 385506 344632 828663 8 20. Mansa 5 240 238 217100 110296 20198 98593 19786 208889 76098 3.90 GRAND TOTAL 141 12673 1278 5036200 3714350 0 9064025 3314373 0 8098555 7028723 0 17162580 12.18 7 IWMP-SPSP-PUNJAB 1.5. Economic Development a. Brief description about the economic growth of the State, Growth of net state domestic product, per capita income and comparison to national GDP and per capita income growth rate, sectoral contribution to state domestic product, changes in occupational structure, data for last five years, strategies for future economic growth of the State, any other important information about the State Punjab has mainly Agriculture based Economy. Its average growth during 10th Plan has been 5.08% and the Average Annual Compound Growth rate of gross State Income during 2006-07 has been 6.32%. The Net State domestic Product at Factor Cost at current Prices has been Rs. 109459.44 Crores in the Year 2006-07 which has grown by 12.4% against previous year figure. The Per capita Income at current prices in Punjab has been Rs. 40566/- as compared to the National figure of Rs. 29642/- in the year 2006-07.
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