CENSUS OF INDIA, 1951 PUNJAB DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOKS Volume 8 HOSHIARPUR DISTRICT COMPILED & PUBLISHED UNDER The Authority of the Punjab Government Printed by the Controller, Printing lind Stationary Punjab. at the Forward Block Prest. Simla. INDEX Serial~ I Table No. I Subject Page 1 Preface 2 Introduction:- (a) Physical Aspects· 1 (b) Geology 3 (c) Archaeology 4 (d) Climate ib (e) Rain fall 5 (f) History ih (g) Population 6 (h) Administration 7 (i) Medical and Pnblio Health 8 (j) Education and Literacy ib (k) Agriculture a.nd Co· operation 9 (I) Industries ib (m) Local Bodies (n) Rehabilitation of Displaced 10 PersollB II (o) Places of Interest 12 3 Statement Explaning the Tables 21 4 A-I Area, Houses and Population jj 5 A·II Variation in population. during fiflly years vi 6 A-III Towns and Villages classified . by population :x: 7 A·IV Towns classified by population with xvi variation since 1901 8 A.V Towns arranged territorially with xx: population by livelihood cla8ses Livelihood classes and sub·cla.sst's ii (Total) B.I Livelihood classes and sub-classes viii (Displaced) 10 B.I1 Seondary means of .. livelihood x:iv (Total) ,. Secondary means of livelihood xxxviii (Displaced ) 11 B.llI Employers, Employees and lndepen. lxii dant workers (To\a.l' B·III Employers, Employees and Indepen- Ixxxviii ,dant workers (Displaced) I ii S;;ial I SUbjeot No. Table No Page 12 C-II • . Livelihood by age groups ( Displaced) ii 13 C·III Age and civil condition ( Displaced) ix 14 C.IV Age and literacy (Sample) xvii C~IV Age and literacy (Displaced) xx 15 D-ll Rehgion ii It} D-III Scheduled Castes and Scheduled 'l'ribes iii 17 D-IV Migrants iv D·IV Subsidiary viii lsi D-V Displaced persons by district of origin and date of arrival in India xi 19 D-VI Non-Indian Nationals xxix 20 D-Vn Livelihood classes by educational standards xxx 21 E Summary figures by District. ii Dirtrict Index ii Sorter's Ticket 2 ii Census Abstracts:- Primary Census Abdtracts ii Census Abstract of Smale scale Industries ccxii PREFACE The District Census Handbook is a collection of the follow. ing data:- I. _ Introduction which deals" with the following items:~ (a) Physical Aspects. (b) Geology. (c) Archaeology. (d) Climate. (e) Rain Fall. (f) History.. (g) Population. (h) Administration. (i) Medical and Public Health. (j) Education and Literacy. (k) Agriculture and Co.operation. (I) Industries. (m) Local Bodies. (n) Rehabilitation of Displaced Persons. (0) Places of Interest. 2. District Census Tables \furnishing district data with break up for Census tracts, within the district)., In case of Hoshiarpur District there are 4 tahsil rural tracts (Hoshiarpur, Dasuya, Una and Garhshankar tehsils) and one District Hoshiar. pur non city urban tract. There are the following tables for the Hoshiarpur District:- A.I Area, houses and population. A-II Variation in population during fifty years. A.III Towns and villages classified by population. A.IV Towns classified by popUlation with variation since 1901. A.V Towns arranged territorially with population by livelihood classes. B-I Li velihoJd classes and sub-clas3e3. B..I1 Secondary meam of livelihood. B-III Employers, employee3 and Independent workers. C·U Livelihood Clas3es by age group. C-HI Age and Civil Condition. C-IV Age and literacy. C-V Single year age return. D-n Religion. D-III Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. D-IV Migrants and Subsidiary. D-V Displaced persons by district of origin, and date of arrival in India. D-VI Non-Indian Natiom.ls. D-VII Livelihood classes by educational standard3. E. Summary figures by districts. District Index. Sorter's Ticket 2. 3. Census Abstracts:- (i) Primary Census Abstracts. (ii) Census Abstracts of Small Scale Industries. LAKSHMI CHANDRA V ASHISHT.t\. INTRODUCTION. HOSHIARPUR DISTRICT. PHYS~CAL ASPECTS. Name and derivation. The foundation of Hoshiarpur town, from which the district derives its name, is assigned to two traditions, one is that Hoshiar Khan, a resident of Bajwara, -lived here about ·600 years ago, and the town was named after him and the other is that Hargobind and Ram Chand, Diwans of the Emperor Mohammad Tughlak, who reigned about the same period (about 600 years ago) founded this town. Situation and Boundaries, The district is situated between latitude 30° 58' 10 Nand 0 32 0 OS' 50" and longitude 75 ~8' IS" and 76° 38/1 50" and is bounded on the east by Kangra, Simla and Bilaspur, on the west by Jullundur and Kapurthala dis.tricts, on the north and north-west beyond the River Beas by Gurdaspur district and on the south beyond the River Sutlej by Ambala district. It resembles in shape, a man standing at ease. Configuration. The district is divided into four tahsils viz. Hoshiarpur, Dasuya, Una and Garhshankar. The valley of the Sowan Nadi forms the Una Tahsil. The tahsils of Hoshiarpur, Dasuya and Garhshankar comprise of the alluvial plain and the western slopes of the Siwaliks upto the watershed. Area. As a result of the Absorption of Enclaves Order, 1950 the district has gained a block of 24 villages of Bhunga tahsil of Kapurthala district, having an area of 14.3 square miles. The area of the district, accordmg to the Survey of India Depart­ ment, is 2226.5 square miles. The mountain system. The Siwalik8. The Siwalik Range, forming as it were its backbone, is situated between the River Sutlej and Beas. The breadth of the Siwaliks varies from 5 to 8 miles. The Sub Himalayan Hills. The Chintpurni Sola Singhi or Jaswan Dhar Range which shuts in the Dun to the elst, commences near Talwara on the 2 Beas where the river first enters the district. It runs south.. eastwards and separating the district from Kangra as it advances further southward, it increases in width as well as in height until its highest point is reached at Bharwain. At this point the width is 20 miles and the elevation 3b96 feet from sea level. From this point onward towards the sutlej its north goes sink­ ing gradually into the Beas valley but on the south it has an abrupt fall of from 200' to 300' and between the main range and plain is the Jaswan Dun-some 15 mile3 in length and 8 miles in breadth-which is thickly forested. RIVERS. There are two rivers of permanent flow in the district i.e. The Beas and the Sutlej. A brief acconnt of each is given below:- The Beas. The Beas, which forms the northern boundary of the district enters the district near Talwara and meeting the Siwaliks curves north wards. At Motla it runs south-west and thence forms the boundary between Hoshiarpur and the Gurdaspur district. It is said that once it flowed much nearer to the Siwaliks and it is probable that the line of Chhambs in Dasuya tahsil formed its old course. The Sutlej. .. It enters the district near Bhabaur in the Jaswan Dun and turns southward till near Kiratpur, when it curves to the west and cuts through the Siwaliks opposite Rupar. It drains the southern parts of the district. Swan Nadi. Swan is a broad torrent the waters of which spread about two miles in the rainy ~eason. The' Jaswan Dun is traversed throughout by .this Nadi which is the main drain into which the ravines of the hills empty their Waters and during the rainy season the whole of th,e valley is filled with flood water but during the other seasons it becomes a petty stream. It abounds in quick-sands but the water is not more than 2/3 feet deep· Beins. Besides the above, there are two Beins in the district, which take their rise in the district, i.e. Black Bein and White Bein. The former commences in the Terkiana Chhamb and passe3 on to the Kapurthala district and is of a permanent flow while the latter takes its rise from .hillocks near 3 Garhshankar and after a winding course it tUrns sharp to the north with a almost a permant flow and runs parallel with the district boundary. now in Hoshiarpur, now in ullundur district. These Beins are not more than a few feet in width, but are very troub1e.~ome to cross on account of their depth and soft bottom. Canals There is only one canal worth the name in the district called Shah Nahr taken out from the Beas in the north-west of the District in Dasuya tahsil at village Changarwan. It was originally constructed during the decline of the Mughul Empire but its working started satisfactorily with the first revised settlement of the District. It is now under the charge of the Canal Department and irrigates more than 6000 acres of land. Chhambs. Chhambs or big water p::>ols in the marshy land of Dasuya tahsil are believed to be the old bed of the River Beas and from Mukerian to the territory of Kapurtbala they make a chain parallel to the river. Tne most important of these are K1.1ablgh Chhamb to the west of Mukerian, Terkiana, Naraingarh, Chanaite or Munakwala and Zahura Chhambs which all lie in a chain. Around these chhambs, rice is grown abundantly. Chos. The hill torrents or the chos pour. into the plains in the rainy season alm03t every mile and they have affected the soil of the district very badly by depositing sand when they are in flood. Steps are nOw being taken by the Forest Department to close their passages and thus protect the lands from damage. Geology. Regarding the geology of the district, the following account is reproduced from the Gazetteer of the Hoshiarpur district Part-A, 1904:- "The geology of the outer Siwaliks is described in Baden Powell's report above referred to and in the Sketch of the geology of' the province published by Mr.