CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD Ministry of Water Resources Government of India GROUND WATER INFORMATION BOOKLET HOSHIARPUR DISTRICT, PUNJAB North Western Region CHANDIGARH 2013 Contributors M. L. Angurala Scientist-“C” Prepared under supervision of Regional Director GROUND WATER INFORMATION BOOKLET HOSHIARPUR DISTRICT, PUNJAB CONTENTS DISTRICT AT A GLANCE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 RAINFALL & CLIMATE 3.0 GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SOIL TYPES 4.0 GROUND WATER SCENARIO 4.1 Hydrogeology 4.2 Ground Water Resources 4.3 Ground Water Quality 4.4 Status of Ground Water Development 5.0 GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY 5.1 Ground Water Development 5.2 Water Conservation & Artificial Recharge 6.0 GROUND WATER PROBLEMS AND RELATED ISSUES 7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS HOSHIARPUR DISTRICT AT A GLANCE ITEMS Statistics GENERAL INFORMATION i) Geographical area (sq.km) 3365 ii)Administrative Divisions Number of Tehsil/Block 04/10 Number of Panchayat/Villages iii)Population (as on 2001 Census) 1480736 iv) Normal Annual Rainfall (mm) 938 GEOMORPHOLOGY Major Physiographic units Alluvial Plain Major Drainages Beas and Satluj Rivers LANDUSE (Sq.Km) a) Forest area 1000 b)Net area shown 2180 c) cultivable area 3410 MAJOR SOIL TYPES Calcerous sand to fine sandy loam to silt AREA UNDER PRINCIPAL CROPS 2920 IRRIGATION BY DIFFERENT SOURCES(Areas and Numbers of Structures) Tube Wells/Boreholes and Dugwells 1350 Tanks/Ponds - Canals 200 Other Sources 20 Net Irrigated area 1570 Gross irrigated area 2820 NUMBERS OF GROUND WATER MONITORING WELLS OF CGWB 14 No. of Dug Wells 03 No. of Piezometers 9 PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS Quaternary Alluvium HYDROGEOLOGY Major Water bearing formations Sand layers Pre-monsoon depth to Water Level 4-11.52mbgl Post-monsoon depth to water level 2.65-17.05mbgl Long term water level trend in 10 yrs (1997- 0.68m/yr to 0.07m/yr 2006)in m/yr GROUND WATER EXPLORATION BY CGWB No of Total wells drilled 48 EW 39 PZ 09 Depth Range (m) 55-459 Discharge (litres per min.) 708-2900 Storativity (S) 58*10-2-1.8*10-3 Transmissivity (m2/day) 634 m2/day-4120 m2/day GROUND WATER QUALITY chemical constituents more than permissible limit Fe and As Type of Water Calcium- Bicarbonate type DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES(2011) in MCM Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resources 881.58 Net Annual Ground water Draft 912.97 Provision for Domestic and Industrial Uses upto 61.21 2025 Stage of ground Water Development 104% AWARENESS AND TRAINING ACTIVITY EFFORTS OF ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE & RAINWATER HARVESTING GROUND WATER CONTROL AND REGULATION OE Blocks 5. Mukerian, Hazipur, Dasuya, Tanda, Garhshankar Critical Blocks - Notified Blocks - MAJOR GROUND WATER PROBLEMS AND Over exploitation and declining water level ISSUES. GROUND WATER INFORMATION BOOKLET HOSHIARPUR DISTRICT, PUNJAB INTRODUCTION Hoshiarpur district falls in the eastern part of the Punjab State and is bounded by North latitudes 30058’30’’ and 32008’00’’and East longitudes 75028’00’’ and 76030’00’’. It falls in parts of Survey of India Toposheets nos. 43P, 44M and 53A and covering an area of 3365 sq.km. The district is drained by the river Beas in the north and northwest and Satluj in the south. The district is well connected by roads and railways. It shares common boundaries with Kangra and Una districts of Himachal Pardesh in the north east, Jalandhar and Kapurthala districts (interspersed) in south-west and Gurdaspur district in the north-west. The main townships are Hoshiarpur, Dasuya, Garh Shankar and Mukerian and Tanda-Urmur. The towns are well connected by roads. Administratively the district has four tahsils, five sub-tehsils and ten blocks. The tehsils are Hoshiarpur, Dasuya, Garh Shankar and Mukerian.The blocks are Hoshiarpur-I, Hoshiarpur-II, Bhunga, Tanda, Dasuya, Garh Shankar, Mahipur, Mukerian, Talwara, Hazipur. The district is one of the second lowest densely populated districts of the state. The area of present Hoshiarpur District was also part of Indus Valley Civilization. Recent excavations at various sites in the district have revealed that the entire area near the Shivalik foothills was selected for habitation not only by the early Paleolithic man but also by those in the protohistoric and historic periods. In the explorations, seven early Stone Age sited a Atbarapur, Rehmanpur and Takhni, 30-40 km north of Hoshiarpur District in the foothills of Shivalik, have been discovered where the stone artifacts have been found. Besides these excavations, among the archaeological remains in the Hoshiarpur District, the remains of temples at Dholbaha, 24 km north of Hoshiarpur, and especially the local legends throw valauble light on the ancient history of the district. At present, it has an area of 3386 Sq. Kms. and a population, as per 2011 Census is 15, 82,793 persons. Area wise Population as per 2011 Census Tehsil Rural Urban Total Male Female Total Male Female Total population Hoshiarpur 1,88,136 1,80,544 3,68,680 99,322 89,786 1,89,108 55,77,88 Dasuya 1,52,076 1,49,368 3,01,444 28,983 27,198 56,181 3,57,625 Garhshankar 1,53,456 1,48,840 3,02,296 14,677 13,632 28,309 3,30,605 Mukerian 1,38,583 1,36,966 2,75,549 31,688 29,538 61,226 3,36,775 Total 6,32,251 6,15,718 12,47,969 1,74,670 1,60,154 3,34,824 15,82,793 RAINFALL & CLIMATE The climate of Hoshiarpur district is classified as tropical steppee, hot and semi-arid which is mainly dry with very hot summer and cold winter except during monsoon season when moist air of oceanic origin penetrates into the district. There are four seasons in a year. The hot season starts from mid March to last week of the June followed by the south west monsoon which lasts upto September. The transition period from September to November forms the post monsoon season. The winter season starts late in November and remains upto first week of March. Rainfall: The normal annual rainfall of the district is938 mm which is unevenly distributed over the area in 38 days. The south west monsoon , sets in from first week of July and withdraws in end of September, contributes about 77% of annual rainfall. July and August are the wettest months. Rest 23% rainfall is received during non-monsoon period in the wake of western disturbances and thunder storms. Generally rainfall in the district increases from southwest to northeast . Rainfall: Normal Annual Rainfall: 938 mm Normal monsoon Rainfall: 720 mm Temperature Mean Maximum: 390C (May- June) Mean Minimum: 5 0C(January) Normal Rainy days: 38 GEOMORPHOLOGY Total area of Hoshiarpur district is 339000 hectares, out of which forest area is 109000 hectares (32.15 per cent). Nearly 60 percent is the net sown area out of which 81 percent is irrigated and the cropping intensity is 170 percent, 18 percent points less than the state average. For 90 percent of irrigated area, source of irrigation is tubewells (electric operated) and wells. Based on topography, soil-crop-climate complex, the district can be divided into three broad regions. First region is constituted by flood plains comprising Dasuya, Tanda and Mukerian blocks. This is the most fertile area of the district covering one-fourth of the geographical area. It has wide spread irrigational facilities. Paddy, wheat, maize and sugarcane are the main crops of this region. Second region theKandi area located at the foot of Shivalik Hills and covers the sub-mountainous undulating plain with a slope of 16 metres per kilometer which progressively decreases towards the west side of the district. This belt Comprise of Hazipur, Talwara, Bhunga Hoshiarpur-II Blocks and parts of some other blocks. There is acute shortage of water in this area and this area faces high incidence of soil erosion which is caused by the rivulets (choes) passing through this region and are flooded during the rainy season. Soil of this region is poor and it constitutes about more than one-half of the total geographical area of the district of which two-third area is sown under rain fed conditions. Maize and wheat are the major crops of this region. A lot of soil and water conservation activities like rain water harvesting structures, harvesting of base flow and micro lift systems for irrigation, rain water recharging structures have been done and have shown very good results. Third region comprises Hoshiarpur-I, Mahilpur and Garhshankar blocks located on the beds of lower Shivalik, these are undulating plains with relatively low slope decreasing up to 4 meters per kilometer. There is acute scarcity of water supply in thebelt. This area is suitable for maize, Sugarcane and paddy crops. Of late, potato sunflower/maize cropping pattern has emerged in a vast area of this region. The major horticulture crops in the district are Kinnow & other citrus fruits, Mango, Guava, Peach and Grapes etc. The predominant economic activities include agricultural farming, dairying, poultry farming, horticulture, mushroom cultivation, bee keeping, ban making and other village and cottage industries, handicrafts production and export thereof, transport, service activities and trade and business. There is increasing demand for new activities such as Vermiculture, beekeeping, Turmeric cultivation, Amla cultivation etc. The district is emerging as a honey bowl. Overall 70 percent of the total area is irrigated. In the Kandi block the situation is bad as in Talwara as only one fourth of its area is irrigated and only 36 percent is area net sown. In Bhunga block the only 42 percent of the area is net sown, In many other blocks (Hoshiarpur-11, Hazipur, Garhshankar and Mahilpur) nearly 60 percent of the area is under cultivation. HYDROGEOLOGY: Unconsolidated alluvial sediments lying south of Siwalik foothills mainly occupy the district.