Draft-the final version will be uploaded as soon as ready REPORT Red Sea Dead Sea Water Conveyance Study Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (Updated) - Main Report Ref. Code: TA2016034 JO NIF Client: European Investment Bank File: T&PBE8893-101-100R004F0.4 Revision: 0.4/Final Date: 06 December 2017 Confidential HASKONINGDHV NEDERLAND B.V. Laan 1914 no.35 3818 EX Amersfoort Netherlands Transport & Planning Trade register number: 56515154 +31 88 348 20 00 T +31 33 463 36 52 F [email protected] E royalhaskoningdhv.com W Document title: Red Sea Dead Sea Water Conveyance Study Document short title: RSDS PHASE I ESIA – Main report Reference: T&PBE8893-101-100R004F0.4 Revision: 0.4/Final Date: 06 December 2017 Project name: RSDS ESIA Project number: BE8893-101-100 Author(s): ESIA Project Team Drafted by: RHDHV Checked by: Project Team Date / initials: 6 December 2017 Approved by: Jeroen Kool Date / initials: 6 December 2017 Classification Confidential Disclaimer No part of these specifications/printed matter may be reproduced and/or published by print, photocopy, microfilm or by any other means, without the prior written permission of HaskoningDHV Nederland B.V.; nor may they be used, without such permission, for any purposes other than that for which they were produced. HaskoningDHV Nederland B.V. accepts no responsibility or liability for these specifications/printed matter to any party other than the persons by whom it was commissioned and as concluded under that Appointment. The integrated QHSE management system of HaskoningDHV Nederland B.V. has been certified in accordance with ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015 and OHSAS 18001:2007. 06 December 2017 RSDS PHASE I ESIA – MAIN REPORT T&PBE8893-101-100R004F0.4 i Confidential Table of Contents 1 Non-technical summary 1-1 2 Introduction 2-1 2.1 Purpose of the terms of reference 2-1 2.2 Identification of the development project to be assessed 2-2 2.3 Arrangements for the environmental and social assessment 2-5 2.4 Background information of the proposed project 2-9 2.5 Statement for the project need and objectives it is intended to meet 2-10 2.6 Project implementation strategy 2-11 2.7 Project alternatives considered 2-12 2.8 Current Project status and timetable 2-12 2.9 Associated Projects 2-13 2.10 General Scope of ESIA and related Studies. 2-13 3 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 3-1 3.1 Permits required for construction and operations 3-1 3.2 Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies 3-3 3.3 Relevant International ESIA Standards 3-5 3.4 Relevant International Environmental Conventions 3-7 3.5 Requirements and scope of the ESIA 3-8 3.6 Regional Development Planning 3-9 4 Description of the Proposed Project 4-1 4.1 Project Infrastructure and phasing 4-1 4.2 Main Project Components 4-3 4.3 Project objective and strategic approach 4-11 4.4 Prioritization methodology and technical design 4-11 4.5 Description of the pre-design phase 4-12 4.6 Description of Design and Construction Phase 4-12 4.7 Description of the Operational and Maintenance Phase 4-13 4.8 Description of the Transfer and Decommissioning Phase 4-14 4.9 Project schedule and life span 4-14 4.10 Staffing during construction and operation. 4-14 4.11 Temporary support and offsite facilities and service 4-15 4.12 Institutional arrangement proposed 4-15 06 December 2017 RSDS PHASE I ESIA – MAIN REPORT T&PBE8893-101-100R004F0.4 ii Confidential 5 Analysis of Alternatives 5-1 5.1 Introduction 5-1 5.2 No Action Option 5-1 5.3 Alternative Strategic Solutions 5-2 5.4 Alternative RSDS Project Configurations 5-5 6 Environmental and Social Baseline 6-1 6.1 Introduction 6-1 6.2 Land use and Landscape 6-2 6.3 The Dead Sea 6-3 6.4 The Red Sea / Gulf of Aqaba and Eilat 6-5 6.5 Terrestrial Ecology in Wadi Araba / Arava 6-8 6.6 Archaeology and Cultural Heritage in Wadi Araba / Arava 6-24 6.7 Geology and Seismology 6-32 6.8 Climate, Air Quality an Noise 6-35 6.9 Groundwater, Surface Water and Flood risks 6-38 6.10 Social Environment 6-40 7 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 7-1 7.1 Introduction 7-1 7.2 Area of Influence and Impact Matrix 7-1 7.3 Overall Positive Impacts 7-11 7.4 Land Use, Landscape and Visual Impact 7-11 7.5 Dead Sea related Impacts 7-12 7.6 Gulf of Aqaba and Eilat 7-14 7.7 Terrestrial Ecology related Impacts 7-21 7.8 Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 7-27 7.9 Disasters and Seismic risks 7-28 7.10 Climate and Air Quality 7-33 7.11 Groundwater and Surface Water and Flood Risks 7-37 7.12 Socio-Economics, Quality of Life, Values 7-42 7.13 Noise and Vibration 7-48 7.14 Traffic, Communications and other Infrastructure 7-48 7.15 Solid Waste Management 7-49 7.16 Community Health 7-50 7.17 Occupational Health and Safety 7-50 7.18 Transboundary Impacts 7-51 06 December 2017 RSDS PHASE I ESIA – MAIN REPORT T&PBE8893-101-100R004F0.4 iii Confidential 7.19 Cumulative Impacts 7-51 7.20 Residual Impacts 7-52 7.21 Offsetting Residual Ecological Impacts 7-53 8 Environmental and Social Management Plan 8-1 8.1 Introduction 8-1 8.2 Environmental Control Officer 8-2 8.3 Pre-construction ESMP 8-3 8.4 Construction ESMP 8-6 8.5 Operational ESMP 8-26 8.6 Emergency Response Planning 8-33 8.7 ESMP Monitoring Program 8-33 8.8 Compensation for Affected Parties 8-38 8.9 Decommissioning Phase Management Plan 8-40 8.10 ESMP related Cost and Sources of Funds 8-42 8.11 Institutional Arrangements 8-44 9 Consultation and Disclosure 9-1 9.1 Consultation 9-1 9.2 Stakeholder Consultation and Engagement 9-2 9.3 Public Consultation, Disclosure and Grievance Procedures 9-2 Table of Tables Table 1 – Governing Authorities in Jordan 3-1 Table 2 – Jordanian Environmental and Social Regulations 3-3 Table 3 – Project Phasing 4-1 Table 4 – RSDS Phase I Conveyance Sections 4-8 Table 5 – Particular ecologically sensitive locations along the pipeline route 6-14 Table 6 – Endangered Fauna along the pipeline route 6-16 Table 7 – Important Breeding Birds along the pipeline route 6-17 Table 8 – Important Migrant birds along the pipeline route 6-17 Table 9 – Important bird species recorded at Aqaba (RSCN, Birdlife, 2000) 6-18 Table 10 – Migratory soaring birds during the Dead Sea area 6-19 Table 11 – Archaeological sites identified within 50 m from the RSDS Phase I footprint 6-29 Table 12 - Definition of Significance Classification 7-3 Table 13 – Impact Matrix 7-1 Table 14 – High Risk Archaeological Sites along RSDS Pipeline 7-27 Table 15 – Major Disasters in Jordan over the past 100 years 7-29 06 December 2017 RSDS PHASE I ESIA – MAIN REPORT T&PBE8893-101-100R004F0.4 iv Confidential Table 16 – Operational Power Demand RSDS Phase I Project 7-36 Table 17 – Indicative return periods of different floods in Aqaba 7-41 Table 18 – Total population along the scheme of the RSDS Phase I Project 7-42 Table 20 – Characteristics of population along RSDS Phase Project in Wadi Araba / Aqaba Governorate 7-42 Table 20 – Characteristics of population along RSDS Phase Project in Ghawr Safi until Salmani /2015 7-43 Table 21 – Characteristics of population along RSDS Phase Project in Ghawr ALmazra’ a until Blaidt Hadiethah 7-43 Table 22 - Affected parcels by the RSDS Phase I project (source: JVA) 7-44 Table 23 – Socio-economic impact table 7-46 Table 24 – Mitigation measures during Pre-construction Phase 8-4 Table 25 – Mitigation measures during Design and Construction Phase 8-7 Table 26 – Mitigation measures during Operational Phase 8-27 Table 27 - Monitoring requirements by the BOT Contractor for the physical environment 8-34 Table 28 – Mitigation measures during Decommissioning Phase 8-41 Table 30 - EIB and WB Involuntary Resettlement requirements 9-3 Table of Figures Figure 1 – RSDS Phase I Project Components 1-2 Figure 2 – Location of Intake in northern part of Gulf of Aqaba / Eilat 1-3 Figure 3 – Middle section of Environmental Pipeline route along Wadi Araba 1-5 Figure 4 – Mixed brine and seawater discharge point 1-6 Figure 5 – Project Layout RSDS Project Phase I (total length: 210 km) 2-3 Figure 6 – Scope of the Red Sea Dead Sea Project Phase I 2-15 Figure 7 – Wadi Araba Integrated Development Planning Sectors (2016) 3-10 Figure 8 – Northern Intake under RSDS Phase I 4-4 Figure 9 – Site Plan for the Phase I Desalination Plant 4-5 Figure 10 – Cross section of buried steel pipeline 4-7 Figure 11 – Relative locations of Hydropower Plants 4-10 Figure 12 – Dead Sea Outfall details 4-10 Figure 13 – Alternative Transfer Options considered in the World Bank ESA Study [ lit13 ] 5-4 Figure 14 – Alternative intake locations considered 5-6 Figure 15 – Alternative High Level Reservoirs considered 5-8 Figure 16 – Alternative Dead Sea Discharge Locations considered 5-10 Figure 17 – Considered Alignment in final ESA of 2014 [lit 13] versus preferred RSDS Phase I alignment 5-11 Figure 18 – Land Use Maps of the RSDS Phase I Project Area 6-5 Figure 19 – Main communities along the RSDS Phase I Scheme 6-1 Figure 20 – Decline of the Dead Sea (ref ERM 2011) 6-5 Figure 21 – Gulf of Aqaba and Eilat 6-6 Figure 22 – Marine Surveys relevant to the Northern Intake Location 6-8 Figure 23 – Biogeographic zone in Jordan and the RSDS Project Area 6-10 Figure 24 – Vegetation types in Jordan and the Project Area 6-10 Figure 25 - Halyxolon Persicum 6-12 06 December 2017 RSDS PHASE I ESIA – MAIN REPORT T&PBE8893-101-100R004F0.4 v Confidential Figure 26 - Maerua crassifolia (Critical Endangered) at Dead Sea Area- Fifa-Ghor Issal 6-13 Figure 27 – Endangered flora along the pipeline route 6-14 Figure 28 – Major migration flyways across the region and the project area 6-17 Figure 29 – Ecologically sensitive