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Botsad 03 2018.Indd БЮЛЛЕТЕНЬ ГЛАВНОГО БОТАНИЧЕСКОГО САДА 3/2018 (Выпуск 204) ISSN: 0366-502Х СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Учредители: Федеральное государственное ИНТРОДУКЦИЯ И АККЛИМАТИЗАЦИЯ бюджетное учреждение науки Главный ботанический сад им. Н.В. Цицина РАН ООО «Научтехлитиздат»; ООО «Мир журналов». Издатель: Фирсов Г.А. ООО «Научтехлитиздат» Журнал зарегистрирован федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи Представители рода тисс (Taxus L.) в Ботаническом саду Петра Великого .........3 информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор). Шейко В.В. Свидетельство о регистрации СМИ ПИ № ФС77-46435 Lonicera chamissoi Bunge ex P.Kir. в природе и культуре ......................................12 Подписные индексы ОАО «Роспечать» 83164 «Пресса России» 11184 Волчанская А.В., Фирсов Г.А. Главный редактор: Демидов А.С., доктор биологических Долговечность и устойчивость редких древесных растений флоры наук, профессор, Россия Редакционная коллегия: России в Ботаническом саду Петра Великого .......................................................19 Бондорина И.А. доктор биол. наук, Россия Виноградова Ю.К. доктор биол. наук Россия Горбунов Ю.Н. доктор биол. наук, Сахарова С.Г., Орлова Л.В., Тарасевич В.Ф. (зам. гл. редактора), Россия Иманбаева А.А. канд. биол. наук, Казахстан Молканова О.И. канд. с/х наук, Россия К уточнению таксономии видов коллекции ботанического сада Плотникова Л.С. доктор биол. наук, проф. Россия Решетников В.Н. доктор биол. наук, СПбГЛТА (на примере Pseudolarix amabilis (J. Nelson) Rehder )..........................27 проф., Беларусь Романов М.С. канд.биол.наук, Россия Семихов В.Ф. доктор биол.наук, проф. Россия Кабанов А.В. Ткаченко О.Б. доктор биол. наук, Россия Шатко В.Г. канд. биол. наук (отв. секретарь), Россия Особенности формирования коллекции астильбы в ГБС РАН ............................40 Швецов А.Н. канд. биол. наук, Россия Huang Hongwen Prof., China Peter Wyse Jackson Dr., Prof.,USA Бугаев В.В. Дизайн и верстка Ивашкин Д.Г. Опыт создания школьного дендрария в Москве ...................................................45 Адрес редакции: 107258, Москва, Алымов пер., д. 17, корп. 2 «Издательство, редакция журнала "Бюллетель Главного ботанического сада"» Тел.: +7 (499) 168-24-28 ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ И БИОХИМИЯ +7 (499) 977-91-36 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Подписано в печать 30.08.2018 г. Формат 60х88 1/8. Бумага офсетная Рупасова Ж.А., Решетников В.Н., Павловский Н.Б., Василевская Т.И., Печать офсетная.л Ус .-печ. л. 12,4. Уч.-изд. л. 14,5. Заказ № 878 Тираж 300 экз. Криницкая Н.Б., Дрозд О.В., Ленковец Т.И., Гончарова Л.В. Оригинал-макет и электронная версия подготовлены ООО «Научтехлитиздат» Особенности биохимического состава плодов новых интродуцированных сортов Отпечатано в типографии ООО «Научтехлитиздат», 107258, Москва, Алымов пер., д. 17, стр. 2 клюквы крупноплодной и голубики высокорослой в Беларуси ............................58 www.tgizd.ru Интродукция и акклиматизация С.Г. Сахарова канд.с/х наук, доцент Санкт-Петербургская Лесотехнический Уни- верситет им С.М.Кирова Л.В. Орлова К уточнению таксономии видов кол- канд.биол.наук, ст.н.с. лекции ботанического сада СПбГЛТА В.Ф. Тарасевич (на примере Pseudolarix amabilis (J. канд.биол.наук, ст.н.с. E-mail:[email protected] Nelson) Rehder ) Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Ботанический институт им.В.Л.Комарова РАН, Санкт-Петербург Обсуждается проблема неточностей в определении некоторых таксонов, культивируемых в российских бота- нических садах и арборетумах. Летом 2017 г., в ходе таксономической ревизии Нижнего Дендросада СПбГЛТУ были обнаружены 2 экземпляра лжелиственницы Кемпфера (Pseudolarix amabilis), ранее числившихся под названием Larix potaninii Batalin. Помимо визуальной оценки морфологических признаков вегетативных органов, таксономическая при- надлежность этих экземпляров была подтверждена также палинологическими исследованиями в лаборатории пали- нологии БИН РАН. Ключевые слова: Pseudolarix amabilis, Larix czekanowskii, Pinaceae, делектус, интродукция, брахибласты, пыльце- вые зерна, лептома, щит, скульптура, пыльцевая трубка. S.G. Sakharova Cand. Sci. Agr. St. Petersburg State University of Forestry named after SM Kirov To clarify the types of collections of L.V. Orlova botanical garden of Saint-Petersburg Cand. Sci. Biol., Senior Researchet V.F. Tatasevich Forest University (by the example Cand. Sci. Biol., Senior Researcher of Pseudolarix amabilis (J. Nelson) E-mail:[email protected] Rehder in St. Petersburg) Federal State Budgetary Institution for Science Botanical Institute named after V.L.Komarov RAS, Saint-Petersburg The article discusses the problem of fi nding inaccuracies in the determination of some taxa cultivated in Russian botanical gardens and Arboretums. In the summer of 2017, during the taxonomic revision of the Lower Dendrological Garden of Saint- Petersburg Forest University, we found two trees of the Golden Larch (Pseudolarix amabilis), formerly listed here as Larix potaninii Batalin. In addition to the visual assessment of the morphological characters of vegetative organs, the taxonomic belonging of these specimens was also confi rmed by palynological studies in the Laboratory of Palynology of the Komarov Botanical Institute. Keywords: Pseudolarix amabilis, Larix czekanowskii, Pinaceae, delectus, introduction, brachyblasts, pollen grains, leptoma, exine shield, sculpture, pollen tube DOI: 10.25791/BBGRAN.03.2018.149 Как известно, одно из важных направлений деятельно- За последние полтора столетия на объектах ботани- сти ботанических садов - обмен семенами и живыми рас- ческого сада СПбГЛТУ (Санкт-Петербургский Государ- тениями с различными учреждениями как внутри стра- ственный Лесотехнический университет) было выполне- ны, так и за рубежом. Он проводится с целью обогаще- но множество самых разнообразных исследований. Эти ния коллекций растений, сохранения редких и исчезаю- исследования проводились прежде всего в области бота- щих видов. Коллекции растений исправно служат инфор- ники и дендрологии, а также физиологии древесных рас- мационной базой для научных исследований аспирантов, тений, лесных культур, лесоведения, декоративного садо- дипломников и студентов. водства и др. Áþëëåòåíü Ãëàâíîãî áîòàíè÷åñêîãî ñàäà ¹ 3. 2018. 27 Интродукция и акклиматизация Первый делектус ботанического сада Лесного ин- При проведении фенологических наблюдений было ститута был опубликован в 1925 г. В.И. Сукачевым, обращено внимание на несоответствие растения, выра- Э.Л.Вольфом, Г. Ануфриевым и А. Шенниковым [1]. С щиваемого в Дендрарии, названию Rh. molle (Blume) G. 1936 г. списки семян печатают типографским способом Don его основному диагностическому признаку, а имен- и начался интенсивный обмен семенами. После Великой но – окраске венчика. Цветки у этого вида должны быть Отечественной войны обменный список семян начал печа- золотисто-желтого цвета, с зеленоватыми крапинками, таться вновь с 1955 г. В настоящее время ежегодно соби- сливающимися в крупное пятно, а, в действительности, у рается и обрабатывается около 300 образцов семян и пло- рододендрона, растущего на 23 участке, венчик снаружи дов древесных растений. Каталог семян издается с перио- бархатистый, оранжево-красный, лососево-красный или дичностью раз в два года. К нему печатается дополнение. кирпично-красный с большим желтовато-оранжевым пят- Число корреспондентов сада составляет около 300 еже- ном, 6-8 см в диаметре. Все встало на свои места, когда годно. На базе коллекций создана база данных «Древес- вид был переопределен как R. japonicum (A. Gray) Suringar ные растения ботанического сада Санкт-Петербургского лесотехнического университета». Однако в наименовании видов-интродуцентов случа- ются неточности, а иногда и ошибки. В процессе обмена или передачи растений от ботанических садов возможны некоторые сбои, которые приводят к неточной паспорти- зации интродукционного объекта. Это может приводить к несоответствию таксономических характеристик вида, выращиваемого в экспериментальной коллекции ботани- ческого сада и названию вида, официально заявленного в делектусе. Причины, по которым выращиваемые из семян полу- ченного образца растения в порядке обмена между бота- ническими садами, могут не соответствовать таксономи- ческим характеристикам вида, представляются следую- щими: 1. Наличие синонимов у одного и того же вида. Напри- Рис. 1. Rhododendron. japonicum (Gray) Suringar мер, заглянув в Международную базу данных IPNI, мож- но убедиться, что в составе рода Larix L. было описано не (рис.1). менее 65 таксонов в ранге вида, многие из которых позд- Рододендрон мягкий (Rhododendron molle (Blume) нее были сведены в синонимы к ныне общепризнанным G. Don) (рис. 2) относится к подсекции Sinensia секции таксонам. Pentanthera подрода Hymenanthes. Первоначально этот 2. Ввиду большого количества экзотов в ботанических таксон был описан Карлом Блюме [3] как Azalea mollis коллекциях сбор плодов и семян, их обработка, пакетиро- Blume (базионим этого вида), и немного позднее, стал рас- вание и рассылка может осуществляться не вполне про- сматриваться в составе рода Rhododendron – как Rh. molle фессиональными специалистами. (Blume) G. Don [4] В качестве примера приведем следующее исследова- ние, когда синоним таксона в сочетании с автором, опи- савшим этот вид, заявленный в паспорте интродукцион- ного объекта, полностью не соответствует фактическим диагностическим признакам (на примере Rhododendron japonicum (Gray) Suringar – рододендрона японского). У Э. Л. Вольфа, в его работе «Наблюдения над морозо- стойкостью ….»[ 2], в числе 92 таксонов рода Rhododenron,
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