Biodiversity Conservation in Botanical Gardens
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Spatial Distribution and Historical Dynamics of Threatened Conifers of the Dalat Plateau, Vietnam
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HISTORICAL DYNAMICS OF THREATENED CONIFERS OF THE DALAT PLATEAU, VIETNAM A thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts By TRANG THI THU TRAN Dr. C. Mark Cowell, Thesis Supervisor MAY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HISTORICAL DYNAMICS OF THREATENED CONIFERS OF THE DALAT PLATEAU, VIETNAM Presented by Trang Thi Thu Tran A candidate for the degree of Master of Arts of Geography And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Professor C. Mark Cowell Professor Cuizhen (Susan) Wang Professor Mark Morgan ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research project would not have been possible without the support of many people. The author wishes to express gratitude to her supervisor, Prof. Dr. Mark Cowell who was abundantly helpful and offered invaluable assistance, support, and guidance. My heartfelt thanks also go to the members of supervisory committees, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cuizhen (Susan) Wang and Prof. Mark Morgan without their knowledge and assistance this study would not have been successful. I also wish to thank the staff of the Vietnam Initiatives Group, particularly to Prof. Joseph Hobbs, Prof. Jerry Nelson, and Sang S. Kim for their encouragement and support through the duration of my studies. I also extend thanks to the Conservation Leadership Programme (aka BP Conservation Programme) and Rufford Small Grands for their financial support for the field work. Deepest gratitude is also due to Sub-Institute of Ecology Resources and Environmental Studies (SIERES) of the Institute of Tropical Biology (ITB) Vietnam, particularly to Prof. -
Pinaceae Lindl
Pinaceae Lindl. Abies Mill. Cathaya Chun & Kuang Cedrus Trew Keteleeria Carrière Larix Mill. Nothotsuga H.H.Hu ex C.N.Page Picea Mill. Pinus L. Pseudolarix Gordon Pseudotsuga Carrière Tsuga (Endl.) Carrière VEGETATIVE KEY TO SPECIES IN CULTIVATION Jan De Langhe (29 July 2015 - 29 January 2016) Vegetative identification key. Introduction: This key is based on vegetative characteristics, and therefore also of use when cones are absent. - Use a 10× hand lens to evaluate stomata, bud, leaf scar, leaf apex and pubescence in general. - Look at the entire plant and especially the most healthy shoots. Young specimens, shade, coning, top crown and strong shoots give an atypical view. - Beware of hybridisation, especially with plants raised from seed other than wild origin. Taxa treated in this key: see page 5. Names referred to synonymy: see page 5. Misapplied names: see page 5. References: - JDL herbarium - living specimens, in various arboreta, botanic gardens and collections - literature: Bean, W.J. & Clarke, D.L. - (1981-1988) - Pinaceae in Bean's Trees and Shrubs hardy in the British Isles - and online edition Debreczy, Z., Racz, I. - (2011) - Pinaceae in Conifers around the world - 2 VOL., 1089p. Eckenwalder, J.E. - (2009) - Pinaceae in Conifers of the world, 719p. Farjon, A - (1990) - Pinaceae, 330p. Farjon, A - (2010) - Pinaceae in A Handbook of The World's Conifers - 2 VOL., 1111p. Fu, L., Li, N., Elias, T.S., Mill, R.R. - (1999) - Pinaceae in Flora of China, VOL.4, p.11-59 - and online edition Grimshaw, J. & Bayton, R. - (2009) - Pinaceae in New Trees, 976p. Havill, N.P., Campbell, C., Vining, T.F., Lepage, B., Bayer,R.J. -
Aphids and Scale Insects on Threatened Trees: Co-Extinction Is a Minor Threat
Oryx Vol 40 No 2 April 2006 Short Communication Aphids and scale insects on threatened trees: co-extinction is a minor threat Jonathan I. Thacker, Graham W. Hopkins and Anthony F.G. Dixon Abstract Co-extinction is the extinction of a species insects (1.15%) have a threatened tree as their sole host. following the extinction of another species that it used This measure is comparable to recent estimates for insect as a resource, such as a food plant in the case of insect herbivores, but far less than the published overall esti- herbivores. The magnitude of the global co-extinction mates of extinction risk for invertebrates, and highlights threat to two herbivorous insect taxa (aphids and scale the dependence of insect herbivores on a wide range of insects) was estimated by compiling a list of species in habitat features. these groups that are dependent on globally threatened Keywords Aphids, co-extinction, scale insects, trees. Eleven species of aphid (0.69%) and thirteen scale threatened trees. The extinction of one species will inevitably result are herbivores (Strong et al., 1984), with 22–47% of plant in the extinction of any other species that is specifically species threatened with extinction (Pitman & Jorgensen, dependent upon it as a resource. For example, if a 2002). parasite has only one host species, then if the host The objectives of this study are to estimate the mag- goes extinct the parasite’s extinction is inevitable. This nitude of the co-extinction threat to insect herbivores phenomenon was termed co-extinction (Stork & Lyal, by compiling a list of aphids and scale insects that are 1993) but can also affect host-specific natural enemies restricted to threatened trees. -
Variations of Climate-Growth Response of Major Conifers at Upper Distributional Limits in Shika Snow Mountain, Northwestern Yunnan Plateau, China
Article Variations of Climate-Growth Response of Major Conifers at Upper Distributional Limits in Shika Snow Mountain, Northwestern Yunnan Plateau, China Yun Zhang, Dingcai Yin, Mei Sun, Hang Wang, Kun Tian, Derong Xiao and Weiguo Zhang * National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; [email protected] (Y.Z.); [email protected] (D.Y.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (H.W.); [email protected] (K.T.); [email protected] (D.X.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-871-386-4277; Fax: +86-871-386-3477 Received: 11 July 2017; Accepted: 27 September 2017; Published: 4 October 2017 Abstract: Improved understanding of climate-growth relationships of multiple species is fundamental to understanding and predicting the response of forest growth to future climate change. Forests are mainly composed of conifers in Northwestern Yunnan Plateau, but variations of growth response to climate conditions among the species are not well understood. To detect the growth response of multiple species to climate change, we developed residual chronologies of four major conifers, i.e., George’s fir (Abies georgei Orr), Likiang spruce (Picea likiangensis (Franch.) E.Pritz.), Gaoshan pine (Pinus densata Mast.) and Chinese larch (Larix potaninii Batalin) at the upper distributional limits in Shika Snow Mountain. Using the dendroclimatology method, we analyzed correlations between the residual chronologies and climate variables. The results showed that conifer radial growth was influenced by both temperature and precipitation in Shika Snow Mountain. Previous November temperature, previous July temperature, and current May precipitation were the common climatic factors that had consistent influences on radial growth of the four species. -
Formation of Pinus Merkusii Growing in Central Thailand
Environment and Natural Resources Journal 2020; 18(3): 234-248 Effects of Climate Variability on the Annual and Intra-annual Ring Formation of Pinus merkusii Growing in Central Thailand Nathsuda Pumijumnong1 and Kritsadapan Palakit2* 1Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Thailand 2Laboratory of Tropical Dendrochronology, Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Thailand ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received: 5 Aug 2019 The research clarifies which climatic factors induce annual and intra-annual ring Received in revised: 3 Feb 2020 formation in merkus pine (Pinus merkusii) growing in the low lying plains of Accepted: 19 Feb 2020 central Thailand and reconstructs the past climate by using climate modelling Published online: 26 May 2020 derived from climate-growth response. Not only are climate variations longer DOI: 10.32526/ennrj.18.3.2020.22 than a century in central Thailand explained, but the study also explores for the first time the variability in climate using the formation of intra-annual rings in Keywords: Climate reconstruction/ Thai merkus pines. The tree-ring analysis of wood core samples indicated that Dendrochronology/ False ring/ the pine stand was more than 150 years old with the oldest tree being 191 years Merkus pine/ Pinus latteri old. The annual variation in tree growth significantly correlated with local climate variables, the number of rainy days in each year (r=0.520, p<0.01) and *Corresponding author: the extreme maximum temperature in April (r=-0.377, p<0.01). The regional E-mail: [email protected] climate of the Equatorial Southern Oscillation in March (EQ_SOIMarch) also highly correlated with the pine growth (r=0.360, p<0.01). -
Non-Wood Forest Products from Conifers
Page 1 of 8 NON -WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS 12 Non-Wood Forest Products From Conifers FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-37 ISBN 92-5-104212-8 (c) FAO 1995 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ABBREVIATIONS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 - AN OVERVIEW OF THE CONIFERS WHAT ARE CONIFERS? DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE USES CHAPTER 2 - CONIFERS IN HUMAN CULTURE FOLKLORE AND MYTHOLOGY RELIGION POLITICAL SYMBOLS ART CHAPTER 3 - WHOLE TREES LANDSCAPE AND ORNAMENTAL TREES Page 2 of 8 Historical aspects Benefits Species Uses Foliage effect Specimen and character trees Shelter, screening and backcloth plantings Hedges CHRISTMAS TREES Historical aspects Species Abies spp Picea spp Pinus spp Pseudotsuga menziesii Other species Production and trade BONSAI Historical aspects Bonsai as an art form Bonsai cultivation Species Current status TOPIARY CONIFERS AS HOUSE PLANTS CHAPTER 4 - FOLIAGE EVERGREEN BOUGHS Uses Species Harvesting, management and trade PINE NEEDLES Mulch Decorative baskets OTHER USES OF CONIFER FOLIAGE CHAPTER 5 - BARK AND ROOTS TRADITIONAL USES Inner bark as food Medicinal uses Natural dyes Other uses TAXOL Description and uses Harvesting methods Alternative -
Phytosociological Analysis of Pine Forest at Indus Kohistan, Kpk, Pakistan
Pak. J. Bot., 48(2): 575-580, 2016. PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PINE FOREST AT INDUS KOHISTAN, KPK, PAKISTAN ADAM KHAN1, MOINUDDIN AHMED2, MUHAMMAD FAHEEM SIDDIQUI*3, JAVED IQBAL1 AND MUHAMMAD WAHAB4 1Laboratory of plant ecology and Dendrochronology, Department of Botany, Federal Urdu University, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus Karachi, Pakistan 2Department of Earth and Environmental Systems, 600 Chestnut Street Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA 3Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan 4Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] Abstract The study was carried out to describe the pine communities at Indus Kohistan valley in quantitative term. Thirty stands of relatively undisturbed vegetation were selected for sampling. Quantitative sampling was carried out by Point Centered Quarter (PCQ) method. Seven tree species were common in the Indus Kohistan valley. Cedrus deodara was recorded from twenty eight different locations and exhibited the highest mean importance value while Pinus wallichiana was recorded from 23 different locations and exhibited second highest mean importance value. Third most occurring species was Abies pindrow that attained the third highest mean importance value and Picea smithiana was recorded from eight different locations and attained fourth highest importance value while it was first dominant in one stand and second dominant in four stands. Pinus gerardiana, Quercus baloot and Taxus fuana were the rare species in this area, these species attained low mean importance value. Six communities and four monospecific stands of Cedrus deodara were recognized. Cedrus-Pinus community was the most occurring community, which was recorded from 13 different stands. -
Radial Variations of Wood Properties of an Endangered Species, Pinus Armandii Var. Amamiana
J Wood Sci (2008) 54:443–450 © The Japan Wood Research Society 2008 DOI 10.1007/s10086-008-0986-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Yoshitaka Kubojima · Seiichi Kanetani · Takeshi Fujiwara Youki Suzuki · Mario Tonosaki · Hiroshi Yoshimaru Hiroharu Ikegame Radial variations of wood properties of an endangered species, Pinus armandii var. amamiana Received: March 26, 2008 / Accepted: August 4, 2008 / Published online: October 10, 2008 Abstract A dead tree of Pinus armandii Franch. var. ama- Introduction miana (Koidz.) Hatusima (abbreviated to PAAm) was obtained from a natural habitat on Tanega-shima Island and various properties of its wood were investigated. Grain Pinus armandii Franch. var. amamiana (Koidz.) Hatusima angle was measured and soft X-ray analysis was undertaken (abbreviated to PAAm hereafter) is an evergreen fi ve- to obtain the density in each annual ring. Unit shrinkage needle pine species endemic to Tanega-shima and Yaku- and dynamic properties were measured by shrinkage, shima Islands, southwestern Japan.1,2 The species grows to bending, and compression tests. Variations of wood proper- 300 cm in diameter at breast height and 30 m in height. This ties in the radial direction, relationships of wood properties pine species is closely related to P. armandii var. armandii to density, and annual ring width were examined. Roughly and P. armandii var. mastersiana, which are distributed in speaking, variations in the radial direction of the grain the western part of continental China and in the highlands angle, twist angle by drying, Young’s modulus and strength of Taiwan, respectively.2 in static bending, absorbed energy in impact bending, com- The wood of PAAm has been traditionally used for pressive Young’s modulus, compressive strength, and com- making fi shing canoes and also in house construction.3,4 pressive proportional limit corresponded to the variation of However, in recent years, PAAm wood has not been used, annual ring width. -
Rhizopogon Togasawariana Sp. Nov., the First Report of Rhizopogon Associated with an Asian Species of Pseudotsuga
Rhizopogon togasawariana sp. nov., the first report of Rhizopogon associated with an Asian species of Pseudotsuga Mujic, A. B., Hosaka, K., & Spatafora, J. W. (2014). Rhizopogon togasawariana sp. nov., the first report of Rhizopogon associated with an Asian species of Pseudotsuga. Mycologia, 106(1), 105-112. doi:10.3852/13-055 10.3852/13-055 Allen Press Inc. Version of Record http://hdl.handle.net/1957/47245 http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse Mycologia, 106(1), 2014, pp. 105–112. DOI: 10.3852/13-055 # 2014 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Rhizopogon togasawariana sp. nov., the first report of Rhizopogon associated with an Asian species of Pseudotsuga Alija B. Mujic1 the natural and anthropogenic range of the family Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon and plays an important ecological role in the State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2902 establishment and maintenance of forests (Tweig et Kentaro Hosaka al. 2007, Simard 2009). The foundational species Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature concepts for genus Rhizopogon were established in the and Science, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan North American monograph of Smith and Zeller (1966), and a detailed monograph also has been Joseph W. Spatafora produced for European Rhizopogon species (Martı´n Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon 1996). However, few data on Asian species of State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2902 Rhizopogon have been incorporated into phylogenetic and taxonomic studies and only a limited account of Asian Rhizopogon species has been published for EM Abstract: Rhizopogon subgenus Villosuli are the only associates of Pinus (Hosford and Trappe 1988). -
2018-01-26 Langual Proposal from Foodex2 – Plants in Facet B
2018-01-26 LanguaL proposal from FoodEx2 – plants in facet B The following are proposals to update LanguaL Facet B, after having indexed EFSA FoodEx2 Exposure hierarchy 20170919. To these, I have added previously-submitted 2017 proposals based on GS1 that have not (yet) been included in LanguaL facet B. GS1 terms and FoodEx2 terms in the following tables are just given to indicate the origin of the proposal. Comments are given in red. First, some simple additions of terms to the SYNONYM field, to make it easier to find descriptors in the LanguaL Food Product Indexer: descriptor synonyms FoodEx2 term FoodEx2 def WORMWOOD [B3433] Add SYN: artemisia vulgaris LITTLE RADISH [B2960] Add SYN: raphanus sativus BLACK RADISH [B2959] Add SYN: raphanus sativus niger PARSNIP [B1483] Add SYN: pastinaca sativa ARRACACHA [B3439] Add SYN: arracacia xanthorrhiza CHAYOTE [B1730] Add SYN: GS1 10006356 - Squash Squash, Choko, grown from Sechium edule (Choko) choko NEW ZEALAND SPINACH Add SYN: GS1 10006427 - New- Tetragonia tetragonoides Zealand Spinach [B1732] tetragonia tetragonoides JAPANESE MILLET Add : barnyard millet; A000Z Barnyard millet Echinochloa esculenta (A. Braun) H. Scholz, Barnyard millet or Japanese Millet. [B4320] echinochloa esculenta INDIAN LONG PEPPER Add SYN! A019B Long pepper fruit Piper longum [B2956] piper longum EUROPEAN ELDER Modify SYN: [B1403] sambucus spp. (which refers to broader term) Should be sambucus nigra DOG ROSE [B2961] ADD SYN: rosa canina LOOSE LEAF LETTUCE Add SYN: [B2087] lactusa sativa L. var. crispa LOLLO ROSSO [B2088] Add SYN: GS1 10006425 - Lollo Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa Rosso red coral lettuce JAVA APPLE [B3395] Add syn! syzygium samarangense Some existing descriptors would also greatly benefit from updated AI (and synonyms): FoodEx2 FoodEx2 def descriptor AI synonyms term ENDIVE [B1314] Add to AI: A00LD Escaroles There are two main varieties of cultivated C. -
Keel, S. 2005. Caribbean Ecoregional Assessment Cuba Terrestrial
CARIBBEAN ECOREGIONAL ASSESSMENT Cuba Terrestrial Report July 8, 2005 Shirley Keel INTRODUCTION Physical Features Cuba is the largest country in the Caribbean, with a total area of 110,922 km2. The Cuba archipelago consists of the main island (105,007 km2), Isla de Pinos (2,200 km2), and more than one thousand cays (3,715 km2). Cuba’s main island, oriented in a NW-SE direction, has a varied orography. In the NW the major mountain range is the Guaniguanico Massif stretching from west to east with two mountain chains of distinct geological ages and composition—Sierra de los Organos of ancient Jurassic limestone deposited on slaty sandstone, and Sierra del Rosario, younger and highly varied in geological structure. Towards the east lie the low Hills of Habana- Matanzas and the Hills of Bejucal-Madruga-Limonar. In the central part along the east coast are several low hills—from north to south the Mogotes of Caguaguas, Loma Cunagua, the ancient karstic range of Sierra de Cubitas, and the Maniabón Group; while along the west coast rises the Guamuhaya Massif (Sierra de Escambray range) and low lying Sierra de Najasa. In the SE, Sierra Maestra and the Sagua-Baracoa Massif form continuous mountain ranges. The high ranges of Sierra Maestra stretch from west to east with the island’s highest peak, Pico Real (Turquino Group), reaching 1,974 m. The complex mountain system of Sagua-Baracoa consists of several serpentine mountains in the north and plateau-like limestone mountains in the south. Low limestone hills, Sierra de Casas and Sierra de Caballos are situated in the northeastern part of Isla de Pinos (Borhidi, 1991). -
ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 7Th Edition
ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names th 7 Edition ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori Published by All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be The Internation Seed Testing Association (ISTA) reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted Zürichstr. 50, CH-8303 Bassersdorf, Switzerland in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior ©2020 International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) permission in writing from ISTA. ISBN 978-3-906549-77-4 ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 1st Edition 1966 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Prof P. A. Linehan 2nd Edition 1983 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. H. Pirson 3rd Edition 1988 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. W. A. Brandenburg 4th Edition 2001 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 5th Edition 2007 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 6th Edition 2013 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 7th Edition 2019 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori 2 7th Edition ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names Content Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Symbols and Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................