DOCSLIB.ORG

ENERGY COUNTRY REVIEW Sudan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ENERGY COUNTRY REVIEW Sudan ENERGY COUNTRY REVIEW Sudan keyfactsenergy.com KEYFACTS Energy Country Review Sudan Most of Sudan's and South Sudan's proved reserves of oil and natural gas are located in the Muglad and Melut Basins, which extend into both countries. Natural gas associated with oil production is flared or reinjected into wells to improve oil output rates. Neither country currently produces or consumes dry natural gas. In Sudan, the Ministry of Finance and National Economy (MOFNE) regulates domestic refining operations and oil imports. The Sudanese Petroleum Corporation (SPC), an arm of the Ministry of Petroleum, is responsible for exploration, production, and distribution of crude oil and petroleum products in accordance with regulations set by the MOFNE. The SPC purchases crude oil at a subsidized cost from MOFNE and the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC). The Sudan National Petroleum Corporation (Sudapet) is the national oil company in Sudan. History Sudan (the Republic of the Sudan) is bordered by Egypt (north), the Red Sea, Eritrea, and Ethiopia (east), South Sudan (south), the Central African Republic (southwest), Chad (west) and Libya (northwest). People lived in the Nile valley over 10,000 years ago. Rule by Egypt was replaced by the Nubian Kingdom of Kush in 1700 BC, persisting until 400 AD when Sudan became an outpost of the Byzantine empire. During the 16th century the Funj people, migrating from the south, dominated until 1821 when Egypt, under the Ottomans, Country Key Facts Official name: Republic of the Sudan Capital: Khartoum Population: 42,089,084 (2019) Area: 1.86 million square kilometers Form of government: Presidential Democratic Republic Language: Arabic, English Religion Sunni Muslim, small Christian minority Currency: Sudanese pound Calling code: +249 KEYFACTS Energy Country Review Sudan invaded. In 1885 the Islamist Mahdi (Ansar) people wrested control, expanding into neighbouring countries until defeated in the 1890s. They were finally subdued by the UK in the 1898 Battle of Omdurman. The north and south were then run separately and prevented from uniting with Egypt. In 1956 UK and Egypt agreed to an independent united Sudan. However the new government was unstable with repeated coups and a civil war between the north and south. Persecution of non-Arabs occurred, especially during the War in Darfur in the east. In 2006 a peace agreement was signed but sporadic fighting continues along the South Sudan border which gained independence in 2011. After losing most of its oil, the country’s economy is growing with investment from China. Geography North Sudan comprises flat plains, broken by a few mountain ranges. In the west the Deriba Caldera at 3,042m in the Marrah Mountains, is the highest point. In the east are the Red Sea Hills. The Blue and White Nile rivers meet in Khartoum to form the Nile, which flows northwards through Egypt to the Mediterranean. There are several dams on the rivers and rich mineral resources are present in the mountains. The original Sudan began producing oil in 1993 from a number of fields in the central Muglad Basin which is part of the East African rift. New discoveries and developments led to increasing output from this region. After separating from South Sudan in 2011 (after a protracted civil war) the former country of Sudan, which was run from the north, lost over three-quarters of the oil. There remains a dispute over the region of Abyei. Source: GlobalShift Geopolitical Sudan has been involved in several conflicts since its independence in 1956 that have impacted the country's economic development, particularly its natural resources. The most recent conflict, Darfur (2003-2010), brought with it international condemnation, internally displaced populations, and sanctions affecting the country as a KEYFACTS Energy Country Review Sudan whole. The conflict has prevented oil exploration in the Darfur region, and the sanctions have prevented some international investment. The fighting itself has led to considerable infrastructure damage further limiting development. The longest of the two wars was between the Northern Sudanese government in Khartoum and the government of the South (1956-1972 and 1983-2005). The North/ South civil war ended with the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that was in place from 2005 through 2011. As part of the CPA, a referendum took place in January of 2011 during which the people of South Sudan voted to secede from the North and in July 2011, Sudan became two countries: Sudan and the Republic of South Sudan. Abyei, a significant oil producing region on the North/South border was also expected to carry out a referendum to determine which side it would join, but this did not take place and uncertainties regarding the status of Abyei remain. Other territorial disputes along the North/South border continue, specifically in the areas of South Kordofan and Blue Nile where clashes have taken place. Oil plays a major role in the economy of both Sudans. According to the International Monetary Fund, oil represented over half of government revenue and 90 percent of export earnings for North Sudan. For South Sudan, oil represented 98 percent of total revenues. Under the CPA, South Sudan was given some degree of autonomy from the North but revenues from oil produced in South Sudan were shared equally. Most of Sudan's oil is produced in what is now the South (about 75 percent, depending on specific field allocations), but the entire pipeline, refining and export infrastructure is in the North. In the near-term, both countries will remain co- dependent in terms of the oil industry. The loss of oil revenues will have a serious impact on the economy of North Sudan at a time when it is still facing international sanctions - while land-locked South Sudan is dependent on the North to export its crude. KEYFACTS Energy Country Review Sudan Proved oil reserves at 2017 year end (billion bbls) Algeria (12.2) Angola (9.5) Chad (1.5) Congo (brazzaville) (1.6) Egypt (3.3) Equatorial Guinea (1.1) Gabon (2.0) Libya (48.4) Nigeria (37.5) South Sudan (3.5) Sudan (1.5) Tunisia (0.4) 2017 Oil production (thousand bbls per day) Algeria (1540) Angola (1674) Chad (103) Congo (brazzaville) (291) Egypt (660) Equatorial Guinea (199) Gabon (200) Libya (865) Nigeria (1988) South Sudan (109) Sudan (86) Tunisia (63) Source: BP Statistical Review KEYFACTS Energy.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 Name 2 History
    Sudan This article is about the country. For the geographical two civil wars and the War in the Darfur region. Sudan region, see Sudan (region). suffers from poor human rights most particularly deal- “North Sudan” redirects here. For the Kingdom of North ing with the issues of ethnic cleansing and slavery in the Sudan, see Bir Tawil. nation.[18] For other uses, see Sudan (disambiguation). i as-Sūdān /suːˈdæn/ or 1 Name السودان :Sudan (Arabic /suːˈdɑːn/;[11]), officially the Republic of the Sudan[12] Jumhūrīyat as-Sūdān), is an Arab The country’s place name Sudan is a name given to a جمهورية السودان :Arabic) republic in the Nile Valley of North Africa, bordered by geographic region to the south of the Sahara, stretching Egypt to the north, the Red Sea, Eritrea and Ethiopia to from Western to eastern Central Africa. The name de- the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African or “the ,(بلاد السودان) rives from the Arabic bilād as-sūdān Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya lands of the Blacks", an expression denoting West Africa to the northwest. It is the third largest country in Africa. and northern-Central Africa.[19] The Nile River divides the country into eastern and west- ern halves.[13] Its predominant religion is Islam.[14] Sudan was home to numerous ancient civilizations, such 2 History as the Kingdom of Kush, Kerma, Nobatia, Alodia, Makuria, Meroë and others, most of which flourished Main article: History of Sudan along the Nile River. During the predynastic period Nu- bia and Nagadan Upper Egypt were identical, simulta- neously evolved systems of pharaonic kingship by 3300 [15] BC.
    [Show full text]
  • Context New Displacements
    SUDAN Figure Analysis – Displacement Related to Conflict and Violence CONTEXT Conflict worsened in Sudan in 2018, with renewed fighting in the Jebel Marrah mountains on the borders of South, North and Central Darfur. Clashes between the government and local armed factions regularly broke out in this area, and in 2018 the number of new displacements nearly tripled compared to 2017, rising to 41,000. Conflict-induced displacements were also recorded in South Kordofan due to clashes between the Sudanese army and the local armed groups. People also returned home in 2018, mostly to the five states in Darfur. About 5,600 people reportedly returned through the country, though it is unclear how sustainable these returns are because new settlers have attacked returning IDPs on several occasions. The Sudanese government has also decided to convert several IDP camps into residential areas.12 The outcomes of these initiatives remain to be seen. Partial or unverified solutions Number of IDPs who Number of IDPs whose New displacements Total number of IDPs have made partial progress towards progress towards a durable solutions durable solution cannot be verified 41,000 2,072,000 No data available 5,600 (Year figure was last updated: (1 January – 31 December 2018) 2018) This corresponds to new This corresponds to the total This corresponds to the This corresponds to the instances of internal number of individuals living in number of IDPs whom our number of IDPs whom our displacement having occurred internal displacement as of 31 data providers have identified data providers have identified in 2018. December 2018. as having returned, resettled as having returned, resettled or locally integrated in 2018 or locally integrated in 2018 and for whom the evidence but for whom there is no obtained by IDMC suggests available evidence to that progress toward durable corroborate progress toward solutions is only partial given durable solutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Tectonic Inversion and Petroleum System Implications in the Rifts Of
    Tectonic Inversion and Petroleum System Implications in the Rifts of Central Africa Marian Jenner Warren Jenner GeoConsulting, Suite 208, 1235 17th Ave SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2T 0C2 [email protected] Summary The rift system of western and central Africa (Fig. 1) provides an opportunity to explore a spectrum of relationships between initial tectonic extension and later compressional inversion. Several seismic interpretation examples provide excellent illustrations of the use of basic geometric principles to distinguish even slight inversion from original extensional “rollover” anticlines. Other examples illustrate how geometries traditionally interpreted as positive “flower” structures in areas of known transpression/ strike slip are revealed as inversion structures when examined critically. The examples also highlight the degree of compressional inversion as a function in part of the orientation of compressional stress with respect to original rift structures. Finally, much of the rift system contains recent or current hydrocarbon exploration and production, providing insights into the implications of inversion for hydrocarbon risk and prospectivity. Figure 1: Mesozoic-Tertiary rift systems of central and western Africa. Individual basins referred to in text: T-LC = Termit/ Lake Chad; LB = Logone Birni; BN = Benue Trough; BG = Bongor; DB = Doba; DS = Doseo; SL = Salamat; MG = Muglad; ML = Melut. CASZ = Central African Shear Zone (bold solid line). Bold dashed lines = inferred subsidiary shear zones. Red stars = Approximate locations of example sections shown in Figs. 2-5. Modified after Genik 1993 and Manga et al. 2001. Inversion setting and examples The Mesozoic-Tertiary rift system in Africa was developed primarily in the Early Cretaceous, during south Atlantic opening and regional NE-SW extension.
    [Show full text]
  • Darfur and Genocide
    The European Think Tank with a Global Outlook Darfur and Genocide: Mechanisms for Rapid Response, An End to Impunity Greg Austin and Ben Koppelman July 2004 First published in 2004 by The Foreign Policy Centre The Mezzanine Elizabeth House 39 York Road London SE1 7NQ UNITED KINGDOM Email: [email protected] ©The Foreign Policy Centre 2004 All rights reserved ISBN: 1 903 558 36 0 About the Authors Acknowledgements Dr Greg Austin is Director of Research at the Foreign Policy Centre The authors would like to acknowledge the inputs of those people in London. For six months in 2003, he led a team of 12 specialists from Darfur and Khartoum who provided comment on the reviewing UK conflict prevention policies supported by innovative judgements and information in this paper; and to thank Ken Berry, ‘pooled’ funds. From February 2000 to January 2002, he held senior Mark Leonard, Keith Didcock, Rob Blackhurst, Andrew Small and posts, including Director of Research and Director of the Asia Richard Gowan for their comments on the draft. Programme, in the Brussels and Washington offices of the International Crisis Group, the leading multi-national NGO, Disclaimer publishing field-based policy analysis in support of conflict prevention. He has held posts in the Australian National University, The views in this paper are not necessarily those of the Foreign Bradford University (Peace Studies), the Australian Commission in Policy Centre. Hong Kong, and the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade in the Australian parliament. He has also worked as a Ministerial adviser in the development cooperation and defence portfolios, as an intelligence analyst, and as foreign affairs and defence correspondent for a leading Australian newspaper.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Page.Pdf
    Public Disclosure Authorized _______ ;- _____ ____ - -. '-ujuLuzmmw---- Public Disclosure Authorized __________~~~ It lif't5.> fL Elf-iWEtfWIi5I------ S -~ __~_, ~ S,, _ 3111£'' ! - !'_= Public Disclosure Authorized al~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~sl .' _1EIf l i . i.5I!... ..IillWM .,,= aN N B 1. , l h~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Public Disclosure Authorized = r =s s s ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~foss XIe l l=4 1lill'%WYldii.Ul~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ itA=iII1 l~w 6t*t Estimating Woody Biomass in Sub-Saharan Africa Estimating Woody Biomass in Sub-Saharan Africa Andrew C. Miflington Richard W. Critdhley Terry D. Douglas Paul Ryan With contributions by Roger Bevan John Kirkby Phil O'Keefe Ian Ryle The World Bank Washington, D.C. @1994 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433, US.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing March 1994 The findings, interpretations, and conclusiornsexpressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views and policies of the World Bank or its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not readily available. The manLerialin this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce portions of it should be sent to the Office of the Publisher at the address shown in the copyright notice above. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally give permission promptly and, when the reproduction is for noncommnercial purposes, without asking a fee. Permission to copy portions for classroom use is granted through the CopyrightClearance Center, Inc-, Suite 910,222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Massachusetts 01923, US.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrocarbons Potential and Resources in Sudan
    UNCTAD 17th Africa OILGASMINE, Khartoum, 23-26 November 2015 Extractive Industries and Sustainable Job Creation Hydrocarbons potential and resources in Sudan By Mr. Ahmed Gibreel Ahmed El-Amain Section Head G&G Studies, Ministry of Petroleum and Gas, Sudan The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNCTAD. Republic of Sudan Ministry of Petroleum & Gas Oil Exploration and Production Authority (OEPA) By Ahmed Gibreel 1 of 20 Outlines Objectives. Introduction. Summary. Hydrocarbon Potentiality. Sudanese Basins Subdivisions. Key Basins overview. Resources. Conclusions. Forward Plan. 2 of 20 Objectives To highlight : Sudan Hydrocarbon potentiality. Sudan Resources. 3 of 20 Introduction First Oil Export1999 Red Sea Salima Basin Basin Misaha Basin Um Agaga Basin Mourdi Basin Khartoum & Atbara basins Wadi Hawar Basin Gadarif Basin Muglad Rawat Blue Nile Basin Basin Basin 4 of 20 Summary Sudan is considered one of the top most African hydrocarbon potential countries. Nearly twenty hydrocarbon basins do exist: o Late Proterozoic-Paleozoic continental sag basins (Misaha, Murdi, Wadi Hawar and Salima). o Mesozoic-Cenozoic rift basins (Muglad, Rawat, Khartoum, Blue Nile and Red sea ). Most of the Sudanese basins is by far highly under explored due to data scarcity and others logistical constrains. Proven petroleum system in the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic. 5 of 20 Summary Sudanese basins could be classified into: o Producing (1 basin ). o Early exploration stage basins: Have proven petroleum systems with some discoveries ( 5 basins: Rawat, Red Sea, Blue Nile, Um Agaga and Khartoum basins). Have proven petroleum systems but no notable discoveries yet been made e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of the Muglad Rift Basin of Interior Sudan
    IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG) e-ISSN: 2321–0990, p-ISSN: 2321–0982.Volume 5, Issue 5 Ver. I (Sep. – Oct. 2017), PP 19-25 www.iosrjournals.org Geology of the Muglad Rift Basin of Interior Sudan Hassan A. Ahmed and Maduka Bertram Ozumba Pan African University (PAU) Life and Earth Sciences Institute University of Ibadan, Nigeria Abstract: The Muglad rift basin of interior Sudan is an integral part of the West and Central African Rift System (WCARS). It has undergone a polyphase development which has resulted in three major phases of extension with intervening periods when uplift and erosion or non-deposition have taken place. The depositional environment is nonmarine ranging from fluvial to lacustrine. The basin has probably undergone periods of transtensional deformation indicated by the rhomb fault geometry. Changes in plate motions have been recorded in great detail by the stratigraphy and fault geometries within the basin and the contiguous basins. The rift basin has commercial reserve of petroleum, with both Cretaceous and Tertiary petroleum systems active. The major exploration risk is the lateral seal and locally the effect of the tectonic rejuvenation as well as tectonic inversion. In some oilfields, the volcanic rocks constitute a major challenge to seismic imaging and interpretation. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: 23-09-2017 Date of acceptance: 06-10-2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. Introduction This paper attempts to summarize the geology of the Muglad Basin from literature and the works of oil exploration companies in order to present the latest views on the subject. Rift basins of interior Sudan represent one of the major rift systems of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Sudan: Non Arab Darfuris
    Country Policy and Information Note Sudan: Non Arab Darfuris Version 1.0 August 2017 Preface This note provides country of origin information (COI) and policy guidance to Home Office decision makers on handling particular types of protection and human rights claims. This includes whether claims are likely to justify the granting of asylum, humanitarian protection or discretionary leave and whether – in the event of a claim being refused – it is likely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under s94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. Decision makers must consider claims on an individual basis, taking into account the case specific facts and all relevant evidence, including: the policy guidance contained with this note; the available COI; any applicable caselaw; and the Home Office casework guidance in relation to relevant policies. Country information COI in this note has been researched in accordance with principles set out in the Common EU [European Union] Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI) and the European Asylum Support Office’s research guidelines, Country of Origin Information report methodology, namely taking into account its relevance, reliability, accuracy, objectivity, currency, transparency and traceability. All information is carefully selected from generally reliable, publicly accessible sources or is information that can be made publicly available. Full publication details of supporting documentation are provided in footnotes. Multiple sourcing is normally used to ensure that the information is accurate, balanced and corroborated, and that a comprehensive and up-to-date picture at the time of publication is provided. Information is compared and contrasted, whenever possible, to provide a range of views and opinions.
    [Show full text]
  • In Muslim Sudan
    Downloaded from Nile Basin Research Programme www.nile.uib.no through Bergen Open Research Archive http://bora.uib.no Trade and Wadis System(s) in Muslim Sudan Intisar Soghayroun Elzein Soghayroun FOUNTAIN PUBLISHERS Kampala Fountain Publishers P. O. Box 488 Kampala - Uganda E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Website: www.fountainpublishers.co.ug © Intisar Soghayroun Elzein Soghayroun 2010 First published 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-9970-25-005-9 Dedication This book is dedicated to my father: Soghayroun Elzein Soghayroun, with a tremendous debt of gratitude. iii Contents Dedication..................................................................................................... iiv List.of .Maps..................................................................................................vi List.of .plates..................................................................................................vii Preface.......................................................................................................... viii Acknowledgement.........................................................................................xiii 1 The Land, its People and History ...................................... 1 The Physiographic Features of the Country ......................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Žemynų Geografijos Pratybos
    LIETUVOS EDUKOLOGIJOS UNIVERSITETAS GAMTOS MOKSLŲ FAKULTETAS BENDROSIOS GEOGRAFIJOS KATEDRA Virginijus Gerulaitis Žemynų geografijos pratybos Vilnius, 2013 - - Apsvarstyta ir rekomenduota spausdinti Lietuvos edukologi jos universiteto Gamtos mokslų fakulteto Bendrosios geogra fijos katedros posėdyje 2012 m. lapkričio 6 d. (protokolo Nr. 4) ir Lietuvos edukologijos universiteto Gamtos mokslų fakulteto tarybos posėdyje 2012 m. gruodžio 9 d. (protokolo Nr. 9). Recenzavo: doc. Mykolas Mikalajūnas (Lietuvos edukologijos universiteto Bendrosios geografijos katedra), dr. Regina Morkūnaitė (Geologijos ir geografijos institutas) © Virginijus Gerulaitis, 2013 © Leidykla „Edukologija“, 2013 ISSN 2335-240X ISBN 978-9955-20-816-7 Turinys Pratarmė 5 Europa 8 Azija 25 Šiaurės Amerika 49 Pietų Amerika 74 Afrika 99 Australija ir Okeanija 112 Antarktida 130 Literatūra 139 Žodynėlis 141 Priedai 154 Žemynų GEOGRAFIJOS PRATYBOS 3 Pratarmė - Žemynų geografija yra regioninės geografijos mokslo šaka, visapusiai tyrinėjanti žemynų gamtinius teritorinius komplek sus, jų kilmę, evoliuciją ir paplitimo dėsningumus. Jos teorinį pagrindą sudaro geografinės sferos teritorinė diferenciacija. - Žemynų gamtos sąlygų apžvalga pagrįsta geografinės sferos - komponentų tarpusavio sąveikos analize. Geografijos mokyto - jų rengimo programoje numatytam „Žemynų geografijos“ kur sui skiriami 7 kreditai, arba 280 valandų. Jis dėstomas ketvir - tame ir penktame semestruose. Nuolatinių studijų programos trečiame semestre 64 valandos skiriamos paskaitoms, 32 va landos – praktiniams darbams ir 64 valandos – savarankiškam darbui. Ištęstinių studijų programos paskaitoms skiriamos 24 valandos, praktiniams darbams – 16 valandų, o 120 valandų numatoma savarankiškam darbui. Ketvirtame semestre šios disciplinos studijoms skiriami trys kreditai: nuolatinių studijų programos 48 valandos skiriamos paskaitoms, 24 valandos – praktiniams darbams ir 48 valandos – savarankiškam darbui. Ištęstinių studijų programos paskaitoms skiriama 18 valandų, praktiniams darbams – 12 valandų ir 90 valandų numatoma savarankiškam darbui.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Thesis All 10.Pdf
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere gratitude to KFUPM for support this research, and Sudapet Company and Ministry of Petroleum for the permission to use the data and publish this thesis. Without any doubt, the first person to thank is Dr. Mustafa M. Hariri, my supervisor, who has been a great help, revision and correction.Thanks also are due to the committee members, Dr.Mohammad H. Makkawi& Dr. Osman M. Abdullatif for their guidance, help and reviewing this work. I am greatly indebted to the chairman of the Earth Sciences Department, Dr. Abdulaziz Al-Shaibani for his support and assistance during my studies at KFUPM. Special thanks to Sudapet Company management. Of these; I am especially grateful to Mr. Salah Hassan Wahbi, President and CEO of Sudapet Co.; Mr. Ali Faroug, Vice Presedent of Sudapet Company; my managers Mr. Ibrahim Kamil and Mr. HamadelnilAbdalla; Mr. HaidarAidarous, Sudapettraining and development; Mr. Abdelhafiz from finance. I would also like to express my sincere appreciation to my colleagues at Sudapet and PDOC, NourallaElamin, Atif Abbas, YassirAbdelhamid and Ali Mohamed. Thanks to Dr. Gabor Korvin from KFUPM for discussion. Likewise, I would like to thank Earth Sciences Department faculty and staff. I extend thanks to my colleagues in the department for their support. Thanks to my colleagues HassanEltom andAmmar Adam for continuous discussions. Sincere thanks to my friends HatimDafallah, Mohamed Ibrahim and Mohamed Elgaili. I would like to gratitude my colleagues form KFUPM, Ali Al- Gahtani and Ashraf Abbas. Thanks for the Sudanese community at KFUPM for their support. Finally, this work would not be possible without the support, patience, help, and prayers of my father, mother, wife, son, brothers, grandmother and all family to whom I am particularly grateful.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrocarbon Resource Potential of the Bornu Basin Northeastern Nigerian
    GLOBAL JOURNAL OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES VOL, 10, NO.1, 2012 71-84 71 COPYRIGHT© BACHUDO SCIENCE CO. LTD PRINTED IN NIGERIA. ISSN 1596-6798 www.globaljournalseries.com, Email: [email protected] HYDROCARBON RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF THE BORNU BASIN NORTHEASTERN NIGERIAN H. HAMZA AND I. HAMIDU (Received 18 February 2011; Revision Accepted 21 September 2011) ABSTRACT The separation of Africa from South America was accompanied by rifting and sinistral strike-slip movements that formed the Bornu Basin. The Bornu Basin form part of the West African Rift System. Geochemical analyse of samples from the Fika Shale shows that eighty percent of the samples have TOC values >0.5 wt%. Plots on the modified Van Krevelen diagram indicate organic matter that is predominantly Type III kerogen. A corresponding plot on the HI–Tmax diagram indicates an entirely gas generative potential for the source rocks. In the Bornu Basin which belongs to the West African Rift Subsystem (WARS) two potential petroleum systems are suggested. “Lower Cretaceous Petroleum System” – is the phase 1 synrift sediments made up of sandstones with an extensive system of lacustrine deposits developed during Barremian to Albian time. “Upper Cretaceous Petroleum System” – is the phase II rift sediments in the Bornu Basin which comprise mainly shallow marine to paralic shales, deltaic to tidal flat sandstones and minor carbonates. TOC values range generally from 0.23 wt. % to 1.13 wt. % with an average of 0.74 wt. % for the Fika Shale. KEY WORDS: Bornu Basin; Fika Shale; Source rocks; Organic matter; Petroleum System. INTRODUCTION the Chad Basin (Figure 1). It is contiguous with the N–S Exploration started in the Bornu Basin in the aligned part of the upper Benue Trough called the Gajigana area northeast of Maiduguri in 1979, when Gongola Arm or Gongola Basin.
    [Show full text]