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Home , Benue Trough, Muglad Basin, Red Sea Rift, Sarir field, Sirte Basin

Index

Note: Page references in italics refer to Figures; those in bold refer to Tables

Abeokuta Formation 139 Benguela Basin 157 Abu Gharadig Basin 47 Benguela Current 51 Abu Gharadiq 40 Benin Formation 152, 154 Acacus Formation 70 Benue Rift 53 Afar Plume 22, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 48, 52 Benue River 50, 55, 151 Afar Swell 50 47, 133, 155, 157, 162 Agadir Basin 100 Benue Valley 38, 47 Agbada Formation 152, 154, 154, 159-60, 161, Berkine Basin, Algeria 28 162 3-D seismic 257-73 Agedabia Trough 205, 232-7 acquisition footprint 264-5 Aghulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone 187 defining the noise 267 Aguia Formation 112, 117 dip moveout (DMO) 264 Ahaggar 51 footprint filtering by adaptive noise Ahnet Basin 2, 70, 72, 75, 81, 165, 169 estimation 268-71 Frasnian hot 169-70 importance of near-surface 259-61 System 35 improving data quality 271-3 Ahwaz Delta 50 modelling technique to understand noise Aje Field, 49, 137, 144, 156 footprint 265-7 Akata Formation 152, 154, 155, 155, 157, 158- noise 261 60, 161, 162 residual normal moveout (NMO) 264 A1 Uwaynat-Bahariyah Arch 70 statistics 261-4 Albert, Lake 5 traditional approaches to removing unconformity 134 footprint 267-8 Alboran Basin 125 Boufekane Basin 77 Algerian Basin 82, 125 Boy6 Basin 25 Amal Field, 11, 35, 203 Brazil sediment systems 249-53 Amal Formation 204 buildups, channels and fans 250-1 Amguid-E1 Biod Arch 70 Bredasdorp Basin 185 Angola escarpment 93 Aptian source rocks in 187-9 Antelat Formation 221,235 Bu Attifel 11 Anti-Atlas 65, 74--5, 77, 81 Anza Rift, Kenya 4, 40, 51 Calanscio Formation 215, 231,232 Aouinet Ouenine III Formation 176 Calanscio-A1 Uwaynat Arch 70 A-pippe 48, 51-2, 56 Campos Basin 157, 241,249-50, 251 Aptian Anoxic Basin 195 Campos 249 Aptian Salt Basin 3, 6, 91, 241 Cap Juby oilfield 48 Apulian Platform 82 Cape Basin 194 Argile Frasienne Radioactive 171 30 ArgiUes Vertes Formation 117, 120, 123, 123, Ceiba Field, Equatorial Guinea 144 124, 124, 125, 126, 127 Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) Argo Basin 106, 111 Plume 22, 36-7, 36 Atlantic Hinge Zone 94 Basin 48, 50 Atlas Basin 74 Chain Oceanic Fracture Zone 156, 156, 162 33, 79-80 Chela Formation 117, 120, 117, 123, 123, 126, Augila-Nafoora Field 203 127 Chela Unconformity (Chela break) 117, 126 Badejo High 249 Coastal Block of Morocco 74 Barotse Basin, Angola 2 5, 13, 40, 48, 50, 51, 157 Bechar Basin 72 Cuvette Central 29 Belier Field 137 offshore seismic data acquisition 1965-1999 Bemolanga tar sands, Madagascar 3 17

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Congo Delta 139 Etel Formation 207, 215 Congo Fan 5, 11, 12, 52, 92, 241 Ethiopian Swell 50 density contrasts and gravity expressions 247 Etosha Basin of Angola and Namibia 2 extensional and contractional regimes 246 petroleum-related 243-9 Falcao Formation 117, 125, 127 rafts and inter-raft sediment transport fairways Falkland Plateau 186, 198 247 Falklands Plate 197 salt tectonics 246 fluid-inclusion analysis 275-81 structural controls on sedimentation 245-6 application 276-80 structural summary 247 characterization of oil 279 Congo River 50, 52, 91 fracture-bound oil 278 Cuvier Basin 106 inclusion oils in the Pre-Salt succession 276-7 Cuvo Formation 117 mixing of oils and sequence of oil charge 279 Massif 82 potential for other analyses 279-80 Cyrenaica Platform 178-9, 205 thermal histories from inclusion populations 277-8 Dahomey Embayment 155, 162 Frasnian black 165-81 Dakar Swell 51 depositional model 180-1 Dallol Bosso 50 distribution 168-80 Darror Rift 3 Morocco 168-9 Deccan Plume 22, 37, 47 Western Algeria 169-71 Dentale Formation 112, 117, 120, 126 wireline logs 166-8 Diaz Marginal Fracture Ridge 197, 199 direct hydrocarbon indications (DHI) technique 4 Djeno Formation 112, 117, 122 Gabes Basin 4 Doba Basin 4, 47 Gabon Basin 40 coastal 13, 14 Valley 4, 52 offshore 11 East African Swell 50 Gargaf Arch 70, 75 East 203-39 gas reserves by basin 15 basin modelling syntheses and exploration discovered 1946-1999 16 implciations 228-38 Gascoyne Basin 106 Agedabia Trough 232-7 Gascoyne Cuvier Basin 111 basin modelling 229-31 Gazelle Field 141 Hameimat Trough 231-2 Ghadames (Grand Erg) Basin 2, 9, 10, 72, 78, Maragh Trough 237-8 165, 166, 168 Sarir Trough 237 Frasnian hot shales 171-7 candidate source-rock inventory 213-21 Gialo Formation 11, 206, 221 section 214 Grand Kabylie Massif 74 Paleogene section 218-21 Grand Lahou Basin 149 Palaeozoic section 213 Great Campos Basin 241 Triassic section 214 Guercif Basin 80 database 207 transform margin 131--49 multivariate oil analysis and source-oil petroleum systems 139--40 correlation assignments 222-8 reservoirs 135-9 oils inversion analysis 207-13 Albian 137-9 biomarker characteristics and inferences Cenomanian- sandstones 139 211-13 structural development 132-5 crude oil maturity 208-10 post-transform 134 stable isotope segregation 210--11 pre-transform 133 regional and petroleum geological overview syn-transform 133 204-7 trap and play types 140-9, 140 E1 Biod Ridge 46 channel/unconformity erosion traps 144-5 Erez 78 early-middle post-transform Erva Formation 112, 117, 122 reservoirs/anticlinal traps 143--4 Espirito Basin 249-50 early-middle post-transform Espoir Field 137 reservoirs/stratigraphic traps 145-9 Essaouira Basin 77 late syn-transform reservoir/anticlinal 143

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ponded turbidites lapping against structures Lower Bucomazi Formation 117 145 Lower Congo Basin 10, 11, 13, 91, 92, 93, 94, Gulf of Suez Basin 9, 11 94, 95, 96, 99, 101,241 Lucula Formation 117 Hadley Cell circulation 51 Lukunga Formation 112, 117 Hagfa Formation 207 Hagfa-Kheir Formation 218 Madiela Formation 126 Hameimat Trough 215, 231-2 Malawi, Lake 5 Hamra Basin 2 Maragh Trough 207, 214, 237-8 Hangenberg Event 181 Marahao Basin 36 Harash Formation 218-21 'Marion' Plume 22 Hassi Messaoud Arch 78 Marnes Noires Formation 112, 117, 122-3, 122, Hassi Messaoud Field 2, 25, 28, 35, 46 123, 126, 127 Hassi Messaoud High 9, 10, 11 Maurice Ewing Bank 199 Hassi'R Mel Field 3, 11, 46, 78 Mauritanides 75 High Atlas Basin 75-7 Messla Field 203 Hoggar-Air Domain 62 Middle Atlas Basin 75 Hoggar-T6ner6 Domain 62 Missour Basin 75, 80 Hoggar Massif 70 Moroccan Coastal Block 70 Morocco Ibex Field 141 cf Angola salt tectonics 97-100 Ibhubezi Field 4 Late Palaeozoic tectonics 72-3 Illizi Basin 2, 46, 70, 72, 165, 168 Mouydir Basin 171 Frasnian hot shales 171-6 9 Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) 51 Murzuk Basin 2, 28, 66, 70, 72, 75, 177-8 Ise Formation 133 Ivorian Basin 131, 132 NAACOQRS 25-6, 28, 29, 30, 31, 53 Ivorian-Tano Basin 140 Nafusa Arch 75 Najd system 24 Jebel Mgoun 79 Nasser field 11 Jebel Toubkal 79 Newark Rift 3, 33, 40 Jos Plateau 50 Niger Basin 5, 48 10-14, 50-5, 56, 135, 139, 140 Kalahari Basin 2, 48 offshore seismic data acquisition 1969-1999 Kalash Formation 218 18 Karroo Foreland Basin 50, 56 offshore seismic data acquisition 1970-1999 Karroo mesasequence 2-3 18 Karroo Plume 22, 37--40, 37, 39, 53 petroleum generation and migration 151-63 Karroo-Plume-induced interval of plate-arrest (K- migration pathways 159-60 pippe) 38, 40, 43, 53, 56 play fairways 160-1 Kellwasser facies 168-9 source rocks and maturity 155-9 Kerguelen Plume 22, 37 stratigraphic framework 152-5 Keta Basin 133, 135, 149 Niger River 52, 137 Keta Sub-basin 140 Nile Basin 5 Khemisset Basin 77 Nile Delta 11, 12, 14, 50, 51, 52, 53 Kudu Field, Namibia 4, 11, 141 offshore seismic data acquisition 1968-1999 Basin 2, 178-9 19 Kun Lun, China 72 Nile River 52 Kwanza Basin 40, 50, 93, 94, 96, 101,246, 276 oil reserves onshore/offshore 16 La Ceiba 47 cumulative 17 Lamu Delta 51 Orange Basin 185, 186, 187 Liassic 77, 77 Aptian source rocks in 189-97 Lion Field 149 Orange River 51, 195 liquids reserves by basin 14 Ouarzazate Basin 80 discovered 1946-1999 15 Oued Mya Basin 71, 78 Loeme evaporites 112 Ougarta Arch 70 Loeme Formation 111, 120, 123, 123, 127 Outeniqua Basin 9, 11, 185, 186

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Outer Basin Sediment Wedge 106, 112, 117 Sialivakou Formation 117 Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) 180-1 Sirt Basin 3, 4, 44, 48, 53 Sift Rifts 38, 40 Palaeozoic basin development 66--72 Sirte Basin 10, 11, 70, 78-9, 82 Cambro- cycle 66-70 offshore seismic data acquisition 1977-1999 Carboniferous 72 19 Silurian-Devonian cycle 70-2 Sirte Shale Formation 207, 215-18 Palmyra Basin 78 Songo-Songo discovery 3 Panthere Field 141 Souss Basin 77 Paraiba River 250 South African Swell 51 Parana Basin, brazil 66, 252 South Tano Basin 149 Paraiba Basin, Brazil 66 Southern Oklahoma Rift 30, 40 Pelagian Basin 11 Southern Outeniqua Basin 185, 186, 187 Perth Basin 106, 111 Aptian source rocks in 197-200 Pharusian Belt 62, 64 Sudd Basin 48 Ponta Grossa Arch 252 Suez Graben 4 Pontian Regression 126 Suez Rift 51, 52 Potiguar Basin 45, 45, 46, 133 pre-Aptian hinge 249 Tadla Basin 80 pre-Chela unconformity 127 Tadrart Formation 70 ProvenNal Basin 125 Tagrifet Formation 207 Takatu Rift 33 Quallen Basin 65 Tan Tan Delta River 42 Tanganyika, Lake 5 Rachmat Formation 207, 232 Tano Basin, Ghana 131, 132, 146 Rachmat-Tagrifet Formation 215 Tano River, Ghana 139 Rajmahal Plume 22 48, 62 Range River 42 Tazerbo Basement Ridge 205 Basin 9 Tchibota Formation 117, 123, 123, 124, 124, 127 52 Tchibouela Marine 14 Reggane Basin 165, 168 Tectonic Aces 21-56 Frasnian hot shales 171 Delta sag basins 5 Rehamna Massif 72 Tien Shan, China 72 Rharb Basin 77 Tihemboka Arch 70, 78 Rharb Prerif Basin 9 Tilrhemt Uplift 9, 11 Rio Grande Rise 41 Timimoun Basin 70 Rio Muni Basin 6, 47, 91, 94, 95 Frasnian hot shales 171 Rocas Verdes 38 29, 56, 72, 75 Romanche Fracture Zone 141, 143 Touareg 62-5, 64 Triassique Argilo-Gr~seux de l'Int~rieur (TAGI) Samburu Plume 51 34 Santos Basin 249-50, 251-3 Tristan Plume 22, 37, 38, 39, 41, 47, 53 11, 203 Turkana, Lake 74 Sarir Formation 214 Sarir 206 Upper Bucomazi Formation 127 Sarir Trough 214, 237 Upper Sabil Formation 206, 233 Sbaa Basin 75, 81, 165, 170-1 Urema Rift 40 Frasnian hot shales 171 Seme Field, Benin 49, 137, 156 Valencia Trough 52 Sendji Formation 126 Vandji Formation 117 Senegal Basin 9 Volta Basin, Ghana 2 Sergipe Basin 42 Volta River 139 Senegal-Casamance river system 51 '711' Plume 74 Walvis Ridge 4, 41, 42, 43, 44, 51, 126, 186, Sheterat Formation 207 242 Shire Rift 40 West African continent margin Shire River 47 plate ductile extension 105-28 Shushan Basin 3 West African 62, 65, 81

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West African salt basins syn-rift v. post-tift salt tectonics 100-1 Angola 92-5 West Siberian Basin 26, 30 classification of toe-thrust zones 96-7 West Sirte Basin 205 Equatorial Guinea and Gabon 91-2 Rift 40 hydrocarbon exploration implications 101 index map 86 Zagros collision 52 Morocco 86-8 Zaire Interior Basin 2 regional structure transects 85-95 Zambezi Delta 5, 51 Senegal, The Gambia and Guinea-Bissau 88- Zeitoun Formation 179 91 Zelten Platform 205

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As frontier exploration in Africa moves into ever-deeper water and new basins, there is an increasing need to mitigate the high costs by reducing risk. One way of doing this is by drawing on knowledge from other areas.

: ~"~.~-~-. The book includes regional papers ranging from syntheses on a continental scale to details of the salt tectonics of the West African margin. It also addresses the need to continue using technologies to their limits by including papers on topics as diverse as gravity interpretation and fluid inclusion studies.

_ : .. The book provides essential reading for those requiring further insight into the origins of Africa's diverse petroleum systems, and will be key to and geophysicists involved in the exploration for and exploitation of oil and gas throughout Africa. Of particular note is the supplementary CD-ROM containing maps of Africa's petroleum basins classified by age of target reservoir system.

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Cover illustration: Cover illustration: Seafloor image highlighting present day submarine fans, Benin, . (Courtesy of the Energy Outpost Company, who created this seafloor image from PGS MC3D data over Benin Block 4.)

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