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Home , Abel Iturralde Province, Acacus Mountains, Amne Machin, Badain Jaran Desert, Bardenas Reales, Bayan Har Mountains

Leigh Marymor, Compiler

KEYWORD GUIDE A joint project of the Museum of Northern Arizona and the Bay Area Research Association

KEYWORD GUIDE

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 1 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Mortars, cupules, and pecked curvilinear nucleated forms. Trail Park, San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA. Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 2 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Aerial Photography ...... 9 Archival storage ...... 9 Table of Contents Augmented Reality ...... 9 Bias ...... 9 INTRODUCTION: ...... 7 Casts ...... 9 Classification ...... 9 SUBJECT KEYWORDS: ...... 8 Digital Sound Recording...... 9 CULTURAL CONTEXT ...... 8 Digital Storage ...... 9 CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ...... 8 Drawing...... 10 Cultural Tourism ...... 8 Historic Documentation ...... 10 Community Involvement ...... 8 Laser Scanning ...... 10 Condition Assessment ...... 8 Lighting ...... 10 Conservation ...... 8 Mapping ...... 10 Conservator, Rock Art ...... 8 Mobile Phone App ...... 10 Consultation ...... 8 Multidimensional Scaling ...... 10 Documentation ...... 8 Panorama ...... 10 Impacts, Environmental ...... 8 Photo Enhancement ...... 10 Impacts, ...... 8 Photogrammetry...... 10 Legal Protection ...... 8 Photography ...... 10 Management Plan ...... 8 Recording Methodology ...... 10 Monitoring ...... 8 ...... 10 Physical Intervention ...... 8 Rubbing ...... 10 Public Interpretation ...... 8 Site Record ...... 10 Preservation ...... 9 Site Survey ...... 10 Significance ...... 9 Spatial Imaging System...... 10 Stakeholders ...... 9 Stratigraphy ...... 10 Stewardship ...... 9 Surface Enhancement ...... 10 DATING ...... 9 Tracing ...... 10 DIRECT DATING: (ROCK CARVINGS; Traditional Knowledge ...... 10 ROCK ENGRAVINGS) ...... 9 Video ...... 10 Accretions ...... 9 EDUCATION...... 11 Cation Ratio Analysis ...... 9 ETHICS ...... 11 Cosmogenic Nuclide Analysis...... 9 HERITAGE ...... 11 Depictions of Objects with Age Information.....9 ICONOGRAPHY ...... 11 Luminescence Dating ...... 9 Arborglyph ...... 11 Obsidian Hydration ...... 9 Classification ...... 11 Rock Varnish ...... 9 Iconography Search Terms, Examples of ...... 11 Stratified Deposits ...... 9 Mobiliary (Portable) Art ...... 11 Weathering Indices ...... 9 ...... 11 DIRECT DATING: PICTOGRAPHS (; Pigment Analysis ...... 12 ROCK PAINTINGS) ...... 9 Rock Feature Incorporation ...... 12 Accretions ...... 9 Technique ...... 12 Beeswax ...... 9 INDIGENOUS WORLDVIEW ...... 12 Charcoal ...... 9 INTERPRETATION, EXAMPLES OF ...... 12 Cosmogenic Nuclide Analysis...... 9 ORIGINS OF ART ...... 12 Depictions of Objects with Age Information.....9 RESEARCH MODALITIES, EXAMPLES OF ...... 12 Luminescence Dating ...... 9 ROCK FEATURES ...... 12 Stratified deposits ...... 9 ...... 12 Stylistic analysis ...... 9 ...... 12 DOCUMENTATION ...... 9 Effigy ...... 13 Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 3 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Effigy stone ...... 13 ...... 14 ...... 13 Madagascar ...... 14 Grinding Slick ...... 13 Malawi (formerly Nyasaland) ...... 14 ...... 13 Mauritius ...... 14 Kerb Stone ...... 13 () ...... 14 ...... 13 ...... 14 Lithophone ...... 13 Réunion (France) ...... 14 Medicine Rock ...... 13 Seychelles ...... 14 ...... 13 Somalia ...... 14 Mortar...... 13 South ...... 14 Pareidolia ...... 13 ...... 15 Ringing Rock ...... 13 NORTH ...... 15 Rock Alignment ...... 13 ...... 15 Rock Basin ...... 13 Canary Islands (Provincia de Canarias, )15 Rock Circle ...... 13 ...... 15 Rock Ring ...... 13 ...... 16 Rock Slide ...... 13 ...... 16 Rock Wall ...... 13 ...... 16 ...... 13 Republic of Sudan...... 17 Sculptured Rock ...... 13 ...... 17 Speleotherm ...... 13 SOUTH ...... 17 Stele ...... 13 Angola ...... 17 ...... 13 (formerly Northern ) ...... 17 Wing Trap ...... 13 (formerly Rhodesia) ...... 17 ROCK ART STUDIES ...... 13 ...... 17 Bibliography ...... 13 ...... 17 Database ...... 13 ...... 18 History of research ...... 13 (formerly Southwest Africa) ...... 18 SEMIOTICS ...... 13 ...... 18 SITE CONTEXT ...... 13 Swaziland ...... 19 Archaeological Context ...... 13 ...... 19 Cultural Context ...... 13 Benin ...... 19 Historic Context ...... 14 (formerly Upper Volta) ...... 19 Landscape Context ...... 14 Cape Verde ...... 19 TEMPORAL DIVISIONS, EXAMPLES OF ...... 14 Gambia...... 19 ...... 19 PLACE NAME KEYWORDS: ...... 14 Guinea-Bissau ...... 19 CENTRAL AFRICA ...... 14 Ivory Coast ...... 19 ...... 14 Liberia ...... 19 Central African Republic ...... 14 Mali (formerly French Sudan) ...... 19 Congo (formerly Zaire) ...... 14 ...... 19 Equatorial Guinea ...... 14 ...... 19 Gabon ...... 14 ...... 19 Republic of Congo ...... 14 Senegal ...... 19 Rwanda ...... 14 Sierra Leone ...... 19 Sao Tome & Principe ...... 14 Togo ...... 19 ...... 14 Western (formerly Spanish Sahara) .. 19 Burundi ...... 14 ...... 19 Cornoros...... 14 ...... 19 Djibouti ...... 14 ...... 20 Eritrea ...... 14 ...... 20 ...... 14 of America ...... 20 Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 4 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

NORTH AMERICA - ...... 21 ...... 28 ...... 21 Macau (see ) ...... 28 Costa Rica ...... 21 ...... 28 El Salvador ...... 21 North Korea...... 28 Guatemala ...... 21 South Korea ...... 28 Honduras ...... 21 Taiwan ...... 28 Nicaragua ...... 21 NORTH ...... 28 Panama ...... 21 ...... 28 NORTH AMERICA - ANTILLES ...... 21 (see Russia) ...... 29 Antilles ...... 21 ...... 29 Cayman Islands ...... 21 ...... 29 ...... 21 Bhutan, ...... 29 ...... 21 Bangladesh ...... 29 Haiti ...... 21 ...... 29 ...... 21 Maldives ...... 30 Puerto Rico (United States)...... 21 Nepal ...... 30 NORTH AMERICA - LESSER ANTILLES ...... 21 ...... 30 Anguilla ...... 21 ...... 30 Antigua ...... 21 SOUTHEAST ASIA ...... 30 Barbuda ...... 21 Brunei ...... 30 Guadalupe (France) ...... 21 Burma () ...... 30 (France) ...... 21 ...... 30 Montserrat ...... 21 ...... 30 Nevis ...... 21 ...... 31 Saint Kitts ...... 21 ...... 31 Virgin Islands (United States) ...... 21 ...... 31 NORTH AMERICA - ...... 21 Singapore ...... 31 Bahamas ...... 21 Timor-Leste ...... 31 Grenada ...... 21 ...... 31 ...... 21 ...... 31 ...... 21 West Papua (Papua Barat) ...... 31 ...... 22 WEST ASIA ...... 31 ...... 23 () ...... 31 ...... 23 () ...... 31 Columbia ...... 24 (Europe) ...... 31 Ecuador ...... 25 WEST ASIA – ...... 31 (France) ...... 25 Bahrain ...... 31 Guyana ...... 25 Kuwait ...... 31 Paraguay ...... 25 Oman ...... 31 ...... 25 Qatar ...... 31 ...... 26 Saudi Arabia ...... 31 Uruguay ...... 26 United Arab Emirates ...... 31 Venezuela ...... 26 Yemen ...... 31 ...... 27 WEST ASIA – ...... 31 ...... 27 ...... 31 ...... 27 ...... 31 Tajikistan...... 27 ...... 32 ...... 27 ...... 32 ...... 27 ...... 32 EAST ASIA ...... 27 Palestine (see Israel) ...... 32 China ...... 27 Syria ...... 32 Hong Kong (see China)...... 28 ...... 33 Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 5 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Austria...... 33 Luxemburg ...... 37 ...... 33 (Holland) ...... 37 ...... 33 - ...... 37 ...... 33 BRITISH ISLES ...... 37 ...... 33 Britain (Great Britain) ...... 37 ...... 33 ...... 37 ...... 33 Hebrides ...... 37 ...... 33 (Northern Ireland, Great Britain; ...... 33 Republic of Ireland) ...... 37 ...... 33 Isle of Man ...... 38 Estonia ...... 33 Scotland ...... 38 Latvia ...... 33 Wales ...... 38 Lithuania ...... 33 – AUSTRALASIA ...... 39 Moldova ...... 33 ...... 39 ...... 33 Chatham Island ...... 40 Russia (see North Asia) ...... 33 ...... 40 Ukraine ...... 33 OCEANIA – ...... 40 - GREENLAND (SEE NORTH Fiji ...... 40 AMERICA); ICELAND ...... 33 ...... 40 NORTHERN EUROPE - FENNOSCANDIA (AKA FENNO- Solomon Is...... 40 ) ...... 33 Vanuatu (formerly New Hebrides) ...... 40 Denmark ...... 33 OCEANIA – ...... 40 ...... 33 Cook Is...... 40 Karelia (see Russia) ...... 34 (United States) ...... 40 Kola Peninsula (see Russia) ...... 34 Marquesas Islands ...... 40 ...... 34 Niue ...... 40 Sweden...... 34 Rapa Nui - Easter Island (Chile)...... 40 ...... 34 ...... 40 Crete...... 34 Tokelau...... 40 (France) ...... 34 Tonga ...... 40 ...... 34 ...... 40 (Britain) ...... 34 OCEANIA – ...... 40 ...... 34 Federated States of Micronesia ...... 40 ...... 34 (United States) ...... 40 ...... 35 Kiribati ...... 40 Monaco ...... 35 Marshall Islands ...... 40 SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE ...... 35 Nauru ...... 40 ...... 35 Northern Mariana Is...... 40 Bosnia ...... 35 Palau ...... 40 ...... 35 Croatia ...... 35 Herzegovina ...... 35 Kosovo...... 35 Macedonia ...... 35 Montenegro ...... 35 ...... 35 SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE ...... 35 Spain ...... 35 ...... 36 WESTERN EUROPE ...... 36 ...... 36 France ...... 36 Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 6 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

INTRODUCTION: As a cloud-based online resource, the RASBdb is continually updated in real time. Current research is continually entering the database and entries of older publications THUS THE GREATEST are continually being backfilled into it. CONTRIBUTION THIS Corrections and expansion of the data within DATABASE MAKES TO THE the data fields is ongoing, often supported DISCIPLINE IS ITS CREATION OF by user feedback and contributions. A MINIMUM BASELINE, DEFINING WHAT IS AN The RASBdb at more than 42,400 citations is ADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE LEVEL a very large, perhaps the ’s largest, TO CONTRIBUTE CREDIBLY TO compilation of citations to rock art THIS FIELD. literature. It is, however, not without limitations. There are a number of reasons a (ROBERT G. BEDNARIK)1 ’s rock art resources may be under represented in the database. Among these are: widely varying amounts of governmental and private support for rock The aim of the RASBdb keyword guide is to art research around the globe; research has support nuanced searches of the world’s not been published; research is self- rock art literature. With the advent of the published or is gray literature with limited Systematic Quantitative Literature Review access to restricted governmental or private (SQLR)2 methodology making its way into holdings; research is published but narrowly academic rock art research, it is hoped that disseminated and rarely cited; research is this keyword guide will assist students and published in languages that fall outside the researchers in expanding their familiarity compiler’s skill set (e.g. Chinese, Russian, with the body of research that impacts their Hindi, Farsi, etc.); research is very current research questions. and not yet disseminated or cited. For these reasons, it is always recommended to test A link to a helpful database users’ tutorial is keyword searches over a wide variety of available on the RASBdb home page at the search engines and print resources. Museum of Northern Arizona website3. The tutorial provides pointers on how to search and sort the database. Users can quickly learn the simple commands that will result in time-efficient explorations of the literature.

1 Bednarik, Robert G. (2018). Preface to: Rock Review of Southeast Asian and Micronesian Rock Art. Art: A Worldwide Literature Survey Extracted from the Advances in Archaeological Practice. pp. 423-434. Rock Art Studies Bibliographic Database for the Years Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from https://doi- 1864–2017. Arts. 7(2): 1-2. MDPI AG, Basel. Retrieved org.libaccess.sjlibrary.org/10.1017/aap.2019.10 from http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0752/7/2/14 3 https://musnaz.org/search_rock_art_studies_db/ 2 For example see: Alandoni, Andrea; Taçon, Paul and Haubt, Robert (2019). A Systematic Quantitative Literature Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 7 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

; exfoliation; fire; fungi; humidity; insect; ; lichen SUBJECT Keywords: removal; microclimate; coating; moisture; pollution; seismic activity; erosion; spalling; The Subject Keywords found below while temperature; water; wave; erosion; not exhaustive do represent a wide weathering; wind sampling of tag words found in the RASBdb Impacts, Human Subject Keyword field. Boulder displacement; bouldering; camp fire; development; eco- CULTURAL CONTEXT tourism; foot traffic; graffiti; ignorance; ; mass tourism; Motif Distribution; Site Distribution; mining; off-road vehicles (OHV); oil Style Area; Style region and gas development; over exposure; rock climbing; smoke CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT blackening; sustainable tourism; theft; touch; vandalism; visitor Cultural Tourism behavior; walking on; In Situ, move Eco-tourism; economic from development; guide ; guided Legal Protection tour; visitor access Civil suit; criminal charges; law; Community Involvement legislation; prosecution; regulation Aboriginal ranger program; Management Plan advocacy; custodian; political Monitoring awareness; public awareness; Condition assessment; visitor site steward; volunteer survey; vehicle survey; mobile Condition Assessment phone application Evaluation; risk map; Rock Art Physical Intervention Stabilization Index (RASI); visitor log Barrier; boardwalk; drip line; dust book control; facsimile; fence; Conservation infrastructure; interpretive center; Conservator, Rock Art interpretive sign; low rail barrier; Consultation platform; psychological barrier; replica; site improvements; Documentation stabilization; structures; trail Archeological site record; rock art recording form Public Interpretation Brochure; docent; guided tour; Impacts, Environmental interpretive center; interpretive Accretions; algae; animals; sign; pamphlet; public education; biodeterioration; biofilm; biological; virtual tour climate; climate control; deterioration; dust; earthquake;

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 8 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Preservation Accretions Significance AMS radiocarbon dating; calcite, Aesthetic value; Heritage; cultural calcium; U/Th dating; U/Th dating value; economic value; monetary radiocarbon value Beeswax Stakeholders AMS radiocarbon dating Stewardship Charcoal Pigments Conservancy; custodian; land Conventional pretreatment with management agency; land manager; AMS radiocarbon dating; Plasma land trust; site steward extraction of organic carbons with AMS radiocarbon dating DATING Cosmogenic Nuclide Analysis Depictions of Objects with Age Information Chronology; Varnish; Mud Luminescence Dating Wasp Nest; Patina; Relative Dating; Mud wasp nest Stratigraphy; Stylistic Dating; Stratified deposits Superposition; Superimposition Stylistic analysis

DIRECT DATING: PETROGLYPHS (ROCK DOCUMENTATION CARVINGS; ROCK ENGRAVINGS) Aerial Photography Accretions Balloon; Drone AMS radiocarbon dating; calcite, Archival storage calcium; U/Th dating; U/Th dating Image database; image inventory; radiocarbon site inventory Cation Ratio Analysis Augmented Reality Cosmogenic Nuclide Analysis Artificial intelligence; Virtual reality Depictions of Objects with Age Information Bias Luminescence Dating Cultural bias; Eurocentricity; Mud wasp nest subjectivity Obsidian Hydration Casts Rock Varnish Foil; latex; molds; plaster; silicon; Organic inclusions thermoplastic resin Stratified Deposits Classification Weathering Indices Element identification; Microerosion dating nomenclature; terminology, typology DIRECT DATING: PICTOGRAPHS Digital Sound Recording (PICTOGRAMS; ROCK PAINTINGS) Digital Storage Computer database; data entry; data retrieval; Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 9 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Drawing distortion; electronic flash; infra-red; Accuracy; inaccuracy; scale IPad; microphotography; spherical drawings; sketching; string grid photography; stereophotography Historic Documentation Recording Methodology Historic photographs IFRAO scale; photo calibration scale; Laser Scanning recording forms; recording 3D scanning; Laser Induced standards Breakdown Spectropscopy (LIBS) Remote Sensing Lighting Image based 3D modeling; LIDAR; Artificial light; bright sunlight, terrestrial laser scanning; terrestrial electronic flash; infra- red; night photogrammetry lighting; oblique lighting; Rubbing polarized; side lighting Catalog of; cloth; damage from; Mapping digital rubbing; ; ; Cartography; Geographic promotion of; reproduced from; Information System (GIS); Global rubbing technique; tactigraphy; wax Positioning Systems (GPS); relational Site Record database; survey; textural mapping Archaeological site record, Rock Art Mobile Phone App recording form DStretch; LabStrectch; interpretive Site Survey applications; RockCare Field school; robots; volunteers Multidimensional Scaling Spatial Imaging System Spatial relationship Stratigraphy Panorama Deposition; erosion; Harris Matrix; Gigapan; Gigapixel imaging; micro-stratigraphy; ; photomosaic sedimentation; sedimentology; Photo Enhancement superimposition; superposition Photoshop, color calibration; Surface Feature Enhancement color correction; decorrelation MeshLab Radiance Scaling stretch; DStretch; image enhancement; Reflectance enhancement; ImageJ; LabStretch Transformation Imaging (RTI); Photogrammetry shading; surface features Agisoft Photo Scan / Metashape Tracing Professional Software1; Algebraic Acetate; copying; from photographs; Point Set Surfaces (APSS); AsTrend; from slides; in situ; mylar; close-range; digital rubbing; stratification techniques; tactigraphy Sketchfab; Structure from Motion Traditional Knowledge (SfM), three dimensional modelling Oral history (3D) Video Photography Multimedia; Social media Bright sunlight; Camera Lucida; camera mount; cross-polarization; Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 10 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

EDUCATION Classification Element list; typology Archive; art education; assessments; Iconography Search Terms, Examples of audio visual; classroom; computer; Abraded, abstract; anthropic; curricula; database; digital media; anthropomorph; archaic, bas-relief; film; interpretive center; media; ; circle; circular; museum display; print materials; classification; cross hatch; cup-and- post-graduate; primary; public; groove; cup-and-ring; cup mark; publications; replica; secondary; cupule; dots; dynamic figure; signage; social media; symposia; element; element inventory; tactile; undergraduate; values engraved; entoptic; epigraphic; oriented; visual-spatial; volunteers ; figurative; finger fluting; geometric; glyph; grid; groove; hand ETHICS print; hand stencil; historic; ; hunter-gatherer; icon; Academic integrity; behavior; image; incised; line; linear; maze; chalking; code of ethics; meander; motif(s); ; commodification, confidential nomadic; painted; Paleolithic; informants; conflicts of interest; pastoral; pecked; phosphene; pit; copyright; cultural appropriation; ; post-contact; cultural heritage law; cultural prehistoric; protohistoric; property rights; deontology; representational; schematic; ethnocentrism; field samples; scratched; serpentine; sign; ; guidelines for visiting rock art sites; starburst; symbol; therianthrope; intellectual property rights; lichen typology; zigzag; zoomorph removal; Indigenous rights; Mobiliary (Portable) Art professional norms; professional Bone; ivory; pebble; shell; slate vandalism; repainting; retouching; Pigment reversibility; significance; site Animal fat; aragonite; azurite; etiquette; touching; values albuminous; binder; guano; blood proteins; celadonite; charcoal, HERITAGE cinnabar; ; color classification; ; fading; fugitive; grinding Community Heritage; Cultural stones; hematite, gypsum; property; National Heritage; inorganic; iron oxide; kaolin; langite; Patrimony; World Heritage ; limonite; malachite; manganese; mineral; ochre; paint; ICONOGRAPHY pigment cakes; pigment loss; pigment sample removal; pigment stick; recipe; serpentine; source; Arborglyph spangolite; urine; volkonsoite Dendroglyph, tree bark drawing

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 11 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Pigment Analysis INTERPRETATION, EXAMPLES OF AMS dating of beeswax pigments; chromatic measurement; Altered states of consciousness; conventional pretreatment with animism; ; AMS radiocarbon dating; Gas ; archetypes; Chromatography–Mass art for art’s sake; beliefs; ceremony; Spectroscopy (GC–MS); inorganic boundaries; clan; entoptics; fertility; pigments; infrared analysis; Laser gender; hunting; meaning; myth; ablation-induced coupled plasma- mythology; religion; ritual; mass spectrometry (LA-ICP.MS); shamanism Mössbauer Spectroscopy; nuclear microscopy; physical- chemical ORIGINS OF ART analysis, SEM-EDX; PIXE analysis; plasma extraction of organic Body paint; cognition; first art; carbon with radiocarbon dating; language; perception; perspective; Portable Energy Dispersive X- Ray sign-gesture language; taphonomy; Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer; Portable X–ray Fluorescence (pXRF) scanning; RESEARCH MODALITIES, EXAMPLES OF Raman spectroscopy; scanning

electron microscopy; spectroscopic Aesthetics; Archaeoacoustics; analysis; Synchrotron X-ray Archeoastronomy; Archaeology; Diffraction; X-ray diffraction; X-ray Archeometry; ; Art fluorescence History; Chemistry; Climatology; Rock Feature Incorporation Cognitive Psychology; Education; Bas-relief; wall contours, Forensics; Geochemistry; ; cracks; edges; folds; holes; rock Hermeneutics; Karstology; angles; serrated edges; steps; three- Microbiology; Morphology; dimensional representations; wall Museology; Nuclear Chemistry; morphology; Yoni Neuropsychology; Ontology; Technique ; Phenomenology; Experimental replication Semiotics

INDIGENOUS WORLDVIEW ROCK FEATURES

Exploitation; custodian; Cairn ethnography; Indigenous intellectual ; rock pile; tomb property; Indigenous property Dolmen claims, most-likely descendants; burial chamber; Cromelech; post-colonial contact; repaint; Orthostat; ; passage retouch; ritual desecration; sacred tomb; site

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 12 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Effigy Mound Sculpture Effigy stone Statue Buffalo stone; ribstone Sculptured Rock Geoglyph rock cut relief; rock relief; sculpted Ground drawing; ground figure; rocks; e.g. architectural jeroglyph; ; stone inlay Speleotherm Grinding Slick Stele Bedrock ; Grinding stone Stone; statue-stele; pl. stelae Intaglio Tumulus Cleared circle pl. Tumuli Kerb Stone Wing Trap Labyrinth Desert kite; drive line; fish trap; fish Lithophone weir Medicine Rock Medicine stone spirit stone; trail ROCK ART STUDIES shrine Megalith Bibliography stone; massebah; Database massebath; ; standing stone; History of research Monument Historiography; Rock Art Studies Mortar Bibliographic Database; Systematic Pareidolia Quantitative Literature Review Natural rock forms with perceived (SQLR) animate shapes Ringing Rock SEMIOTICS Bell rock; rock gong Rock Alignment Composition; grapheme; graphic Stone alignment; windrow communication; heraldic; ideogram; Rock Basin narrative; notational system; Cauldron; pothole ; psychogram; rock writing; scene; sign; symbol; syntax Rock Circle

Calderstones; ; SITE CONTEXT Rock Ring

dance circle; hunting blind; medicine ; prayer circle; rock enclosure; Archaeological Context sleeping circle; tipi ring; vision circle Cultural Context Rock Slide Motif distribution; site distribution; Rock chute style area Rock Wall Trincheras

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 13 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Historic Context Local jurisdiction and site specific place Landscape Context names are far too numerous for inclusion in ; landforms; macro the scope of this guide. However, see view; micro view; resource area; “Australia” for an example of regional rock viewshed art place name-specific keywords.

Not every place name listed here is TEMPORAL DIVISIONS, EXAMPLES OF associated with a rock art site. The guide errs on the side of a robust listing of country and ; Archaic; ; Bronze regional names. Age; Chalcolithic; Copper Age; Epigravettian; Formative; CENTRAL AFRICA ; Historic; Holocene;

Hunter-gatherer; ; Iron Age; ; Metal Age; ; Cameroon Middle Age; Medieval; Neolithic; Central African Republic Paleolithic; Pastoral; Pleistocene; Congo (formerly Zaire) Post-paleolithic; Post contact; Equatorial Guinea Prehistoric; Protohistoric; Roman Gabon Period; Republic of Congo Rwanda Sao Tome & Principe PLACE NAME Keywords: EAST AFRICA Place names in the RASBdb can be searched from the macro to micro scale. Place name Burundi tags range from "World" (for non-place Cornoros specific, broad topics) to increasingly specific Djibouti tags indicating: , Geographic Eritrea Region, Country, State or Province, Local region, District or County, City, Site Place Ethiopia Name, and/or Archaeological Site Number. Kenya Madagascar The Place Name keyword guide includes Malawi (formerly Nyasaland) macro scale place names arranged by Mauritius continent and subdivided by country name. Mayotte (France) For the most part it is countries with more Mozambique than 100 citations in the RASBdb or with significant rock art resources that are Réunion (France) detailed with additional governmental and Seychelles physiographic place names. Somalia South Sudan

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 14 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Tanzania (formerly Tanganyika) Relizane; Saida; Sétif; Sidi Bel Abbes; Skikda; Souk Ahras; Tamanghasset; : Tébessa; ; Tindouf; Tipasa; Arusha; Dar es Salaam; Dodoma; Tissemsilt; Tizi Ouzou; Tiemcen Geita; Iringa; Kagera; Katavi; Kigoma; Kilimanjaro; Lindi; Manyara; Physiographic Regions: Mara; Mbeya; Morogoro; Mtwara; ; Atlas Mwanza; Njombe; Pemba North; Mountains; Hauts Plateaux Pemba South; Pwani; Rukwa; Ruvuma; Shinyanga; Simiyu; Singida; : Tabora; Tanga; Zanzibar North; Sahara Desert Zanzibar South and Central; Zanzibar West Mountains: Ahaggar Mountains Physiographic regions: Coastal plain; central plateau; lake Rivers: region; highlands Dry oueds ()

Deserts: Canary Islands (Provincia de Canarias, Spain) Nyiri Desert; Sahara Desert Islands of Canary Islands: Mountains: El Hierro; Fuerteventura ; Gran Mount Kilimanjaro Canaria; La Gomera; La Graciosa; Lanzarote; La Palma Rivers: River; Congo River; White Nile Provinces: River; Zambezi River Las Palmas; Santa Cruz de Tenerife

NORTH AFRICA Physiographic Regions: Volcanic islands Algeria Chad Provinces: Adrar; Aïn Defla; Aïn Témouchent; Regions: Algiers; Annaba; Batna; Béchar; Batha; Chari-Baguirmi; Hadjer- Béjaïa; Biskra; Blida; Bordj Bou Lamis; Fira; Bahr el Gazel; Arréridj; Bouira; Boumerdès; Chief; ; Ennedi-Est; Ennedi-Ouest; Constantine; Djelfa; El Bayadh; El Guéra; ; Lac; Logone Oued; El Tarf; Ghardaïa; Guelma; Occidental; Logone ; Illizi; Jijel; Khenchela; Laghouat; Mandoul; Mayo-Kebbi Est; Mayo- M’Sila; Mascara; Médéa; Mila; Kebbi Ouest; Moyen-Chari; Ouaddaī; Mostaganem; Naama; Ouargla; Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 15 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Salamat; Sila; Tandijilé; Tibesti; Mountains: N’Djamena Mount Catherine (Gabal Katrîne); Hills; Mount Sinai (Jabal Physiographic Regions: Musa) ; ; Ouaddaï Highlands; Guéra Massif; Rivers: Nile River

Deserts: Libya Sahara Desert; region Provinces and Districts: Mountains: : Tibesti Mountains Butnan; Derna; Jabal al Akhdar; Marj; Benghazi; Al Wahat; Rivers: : Chari and the Logone Rivers and Jufra; Wadi al Shatii; Sabha; Wadi al their tributaries Hayaa; Ghat; Murzuq : Egypt Sirte; Misrata; Murqub; ; Jafara; Zawiya; Nuqat al Khams; Governorates (muhāfazāt): Jabal al Gharbi; Alexandria; Aswan; Asyut; Beheira; Beni Suef; Cairo; Dakahlia; Damietta; Physiographic Regions: Faiyum; Gharbia; Giza; Ismailia; Kafr Coastal plains; northern mountains; El Sheikh; Luxor; Matruh; Minya; internal depressions; southern and Monufia; New Valley; North Sinai; Port Said; Qalyubia; Qena; Red Sea; Sharqia; Sohag; South Sinai; Suez Deserts: ; Sahara Desert; Great Physiographic Regions: Sea. Calansho Desert; Murzuq Nile Valley and Delta; ; Rebiana Sand Sea Desert (aka Libyan Desert); (aka ); Sinai Mountains: Peninsula (aka Tadrart Acacus); Gabal El Uweinat; Nafusa Deserts: Mountains; Tibesti Massif Eastern Desert (aka Arabian Desert); Great Sand Sea; Western Desert (aka Rivers: Libyan Desert) Dry oueds (wadis)

Morocco

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 16 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Regions: Deserts: Tanger-Tetouan-; Oriental; Fès Meknès; Rabat-Salé- Kénitra; Béni Mellal-Kénifra; Mountains: Cassablance-Settat; Marrakesh-Dafi; ; Nuba Hills; Red Drâa-Tafialet; Souss-Massa; Sea Hills Guelmim-Oued Noun; Laâyoune- Sakia El Hamra; Dakhla-Oued Ed- Rivers: Dahab Blue Nile; White Nile

Physiographic Regions: Tunisia Er Highlands; ; Taza Depression; Coastal Plains; SOUTH CENTRAL AFRICA Southern Plains and Valleys

(merging with the Sahara Desert) Angola Deserts: Zambia (formerly ) Sahara Desert Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia) Mountains: Atlas Mountains; Anti-Atlas Provinces: Mountains Bulawayo; Harare; Manicaland; Mashonaland Central: Mashonaland Rivers: East; Mashonaland West; Masvingo; Draa; Oum Er-Rbia; Moulouya; Matabeleland North; Matabeleland Sebou; Dades; Ziz; Tensift; Bou South; Midlands Regreg; Sous; Loukkos Physiographic Regions: Republic of Sudan High inland plateau (high veld); Zambezi valley; Limpopo valley

Regions: Northern; Khartoum; River Nile; Mountains: Gezira; Red Sea; Sennar; White Nile; Eastern Highlands North Kordofan; Kassala; Qadarif; West ; ; South Rivers: Korfofan; Blue Nile Buzi; Limpopo; Pungwe; Save; Zambezi Physiographic Regions: Flat plains punctuated by several SOUTHERN AFRICA mountain ranges Botswana

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 17 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Rural Districts: River; Dinakeng River; Khubelu Southern; South-East; Kweneng; River; Mokhotlong River Kgatleng; Central; North-East; Ngamiland; Chobe; Ghanzi; Namibia (formerly Southwest Africa) Kgalagadi Regions: Physiographic Regions: Kuene; Omusati; Oshana; ; Hardveld; Okavango Ohangwena; Oshikoto; Kavango Delta West; Kavango East; Zambezi; Erongo; Otjozondjupa; Omaheke; Deserts: Khomas; Hardap; Ikaras Kalahari Desert Physiographic Regions: Mountains: Desert; Great ; Kgale Hill, Monalanong Hill; Otse South Africa; Central Plateau; Hill; Hills; Tswapong Hills Kalahari Basin; Kavango-Caprivi

Rivers: Deserts: Zambezi; Limpopo; Okavango Namib Desert; Kalahari Desert

Lesotho Mountains: Brukkaros; Naukluft Mountain Districts: Range; Spitzkoppe Berea; Butha-Buthe; Liribe; Mafeteng; Maseru; Mohale’s Hoek; Rivers: Mokhotlong; Qacha’s Nek; Quthing; Zambezi; Kwando (aka Linyanti, Thaba-Tseka Chobe); Ekuma; Oshigambo; Oakavango Physiographic Regions: Lowlands; Highlands; Foothills South Africa

Mountains: Provinces: Maloti Mountains (part of the Eastern Cape; Free State; Gauteng. Range) KwaZulu-Natal; Limpopo; Mpumalanga; Northern Cape; North Rivers: West; Western Cape Orange River (Senqu River); Caledon River (Mohokare River); Little Physiographic Regions: Caledon River; Ngoe River; Tele Coastal zone; Great Escarpment; River; Makhaleng River; Senqunyane Central Plateau River; Mantsonyane River; Tsedike River; Malibamat'so River; Pelaneng Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 18 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Deserts: Mountains: Kalahari Desert Adrar des Iforas (Iforas Massif); Mount Hombori; Manding Mountains: Mountains; Mount Tenakourou Cederberg Mountains; Drakensberg Range; Magaliesberg Mountains; Rivers: Table ; Pilanesberg Niger River Range; Baviaanskloof Range Mauritania Rivers: Limpopo; Orange; Vaal Niger

Swaziland Regions: Agadez; Diffa; Dosso; Maradi; WEST AFRICA Tahoua; Tillabéri; Zinder

Benin Physiographic Regions: Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) Plains; north central plateau and Cape Verde highlands; western uplands; Niger dense trough; coastal lowlands and Gambia , north eastern highlands Guinea Guinea-Bissau Deserts: Ivory Coast Sahara Desert Liberia Mountains: Mali (formerly French Sudan) Aïr Massif

Regions: Rivers: Kayes; Koulikoro; Bamako; Sikasso; Niger River Ségou; Mopti; Tombouctou; Gao; Kidal; Taoudénit; Ménaka Nigeria Senegal Physiographic Regions: Sierra Leone Southern cultivated Sudanese zone; Togo central semi-desert Sahelian zone; northern Saharan zone Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara)

Deserts: NORTH AMERICA Sahara Desert Canada

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 19 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Provinces and Territories: Physiographic Regions: Baja California; Pacific Coastal New Brunswick; Newfoundland and Lowlands; Mexican Plateau; Sierra Labrador; Nova Scotia; Prince Madre Oriental; Sierra Madre Edward Island; Ontario; Quebec; Occidental; Cordillera Neo- ; ; ; Volcánica; Gulf Coastal Plain; British Columbia; Northwest Highlands; Yucatán Peninsula Territories; Nunavut; Yukon Territory Deserts: ; ; Regions: Vizcaino Desert Atlantic Region; ; Prairie Provinces; West Coast; Mountains: North Sierra Madre Occidental; Sierra Madre Oriental; Sierra Madre del Physiographic Regions: Sur Lands; Cordillera; ; Hudson Bay Rivers: Lowland; Canadian Forest Rio Bravo, Colorado; Grijalva- Lands; St Lawrence Lowlands; Usumacinta; Lerma-Santiago; Balsas; Nazas; Papaloapan; Coatzacoalcos; Pánuco-Temesi-Moctezuma Greenland United States of America Mexico States: States / Federal District: Alabama; Alaska; Arizona; Mexico City (Ciudad de Mexico or Arkansas; California; Colorado; formerly, Mexico, D.F.); Connecticut; Delaware; Florida; Aguascalientes; Baja California; Baja ; Hawaii; Idaho; Illinois; California Sur; Campeche; Chiapas; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Chihuahua; Coahuila de Zaragoza; Louisiana; Maine; Maryland; Colima; Durango; Guanajuato; Massachusetts; Michigan; Guerrero; Hidalgo; Jalisco; México; ; Mississippi; Missouri; Michoacán; Morelos; Nayarit; Nuevo ; Nebraska; Nevada; New León; Oaxaca; Puebla; Querétaro; Hampshire; New ; New Quintana Roo; San Luis Potosí; Mexico; New York; North; Carolina; Sinaloa; Sonora; Tabasco; North Dakota; Ohio; Oklahoma; Tamaulipas; Tlaxcala; Veracruz de Oregon; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; Ignacio de la Llave; Yucatán; South Carolina; South Dakota; Zacatecas Tennessee; Texas; Utah; Vermont; Virginia; Washington; West Virginia; ; Wyoming Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 20 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Belize Territories: Costa Rica American Samoa; Guam; Northern El Salvador Mariana Islands; Puerto Rico; Virgin Guatemala Islands Honduras

Nicaragua Regions: Panama New England; Mideast; Southeast;

Great Lakes; Plains; Southwest; Rocky Mountains; Far West. NORTH AMERICA - ANTILLES

Physiographic Regions: Antilles Coastal Plain; Appalachian Cayman Islands Mountains; ; Interior Cuba Lowlands; Great Plains; Rocky Dominican Republic Mountains; Basin and Range; Haiti Coastal Range Jamaica

Puerto Rico (United States) Deserts:

Chihuahuan Desert; Desert; ; Sonoran NORTH AMERICA - Lesser ANTILLES Desert Anguilla Mountains: Antigua Barbuda Adirondacks; Alaska Range; Guadalupe (France) Appalachian Mountains; Brooks Martinique (France) Range; Cascade Range; Ozarks; Montserrat Rocky Mountains; Sierra Nevada Nevis Rivers: Saint Kitts Mississippi; Missouri; Rio Grande; Virgin Islands (United States) Hudson; Colorado; ; Yukon NORTH AMERICA - CARIBBEAN NORTH AMERICA - CENTRAL AMERICA Bahamas Grenada

SOUTH AMERICA

Argentina

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 21 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Regions and Provinces: Antonio Vaca Díez; Cercado; General Argentine Northwest: José Ballivián Segurola; Iténez; Jujuy; Salta; Tucumán; Catamarca Mamoré; Marbán; Moxos; Yacuma Gran Chaco: Chuquisaca: Formosa; Chaco; Santiago del Estero Belisario Boeto; Hernando Siles; Mesopotamia (or Littoral): Jaime Zudáñez; Juana Azurduy de Misiones; Entre Ríos; Corrientes Padilla; Luis Calvo; Nor Cinti; Samuel : Oropeza; Sud Cinti; Tomina; San Juan; La Rioja; Mendoza; San Yamparáez Luis Cochabamba: Pampas (Humid Pampa, Dry Arani; Arque; Ayopaya; Bolívar; Pampa): Campero; Capinota; Cercado; Córdoba; Santa Fe; La Pampa; Chapare; Esteban Arze; Germán Jordán; José Carrasco; Mizque; (Comahue): Punata; Quillacollo; Tapacarí; Rio Negro; Neuquén; Chubut; Santa Tiraque Cruz; : Argentine Abel Iturralde; Aroma; Bautista Saavedra; ; Eliodoro Physiographic Regions: Camacho; Franz Tamayo; General The North; the ; the Pampas; José Manuel Pando; Gualberto Patagonia Villaroel; Ingavi; ; José Ramón Loayza; Larecaja; Los Andes; Deserts: Kapac; Muñecas; Nor Yungas; (aka Patagonian Omasuyos; Pacajes; Pedro Domingo ) Murillo; Sud Yungas Oruro: Mountains: Carangas; Cercado; Eduardo Abaroa; Andes Ladislao Cabrera; Litoral de Atacama; Mejillones; Nor Carangas; Pantaleón Dalence; Poopó; Sabaya; Rivers: Sajama; San Pedro de Totora; Paraná; Paraguay; Uruguay; Saucarí; Sebastián Pagador; Sud Colorado; Negro; Dulce; Primero; Carangas; Tomás Barrón Segundo; Deseado; Chico; Santa Pando: Cruz; Gallegos Abuná; General Federico Román;

Madre de Dios; Manuripi; Nicolás Bolivia Suárez Potosi: Departments and Provinces: Alonso de Ibañez; Antonio Quijarro; Beni: Bernardino Bilbao; Charcas; Chayanta; Corelio Saavedra; Daniel Campos; Enrique Baldivieso; José

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 22 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

María Linares; Modesto Omiste; Nor Sul; Santa Catarina; Sergipe; São Chichas; Nor Lípez; Rafael Bustillo; Paulo; Tocantins Sud Lípez; Tomás Frías Santa Cruz: Regions: Andrés Ibáñez; Ángel Sandoval; Chiquitos; Cordillera; Florida; ; North East Region; Central- Germán Busch; Ichilo; Manuel María West (Central Region); South East Region; Caballero; Ñuflo de Chávez; Obispo South Region Santistevan; Sara; Vallegrande; Velsaso; Warnes Physiographic Regions: Tarija: Amazon lowlands; Brazilian Aniceto Arce; Burdet O’Connor; Highlands; Coastal Lowlands; Guiana Cercado; Eustaquio Méndez; Gran Highlands; Pantanal Chaco; José María Avilés Deserts: Physiographic Regions: White Desert Andes; Altiplano; Yungas Mountains: Deserts: Serra do Espinhaço; Tumucumaque; Imeri; Pacaraima; Pico da Bandeira

Mountains: Chile Andes (Cordillera and Occidental) Regions and Provinces: Rivers: Aisén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Madeira; Mamore; Beni; Rio Campo: Itenénz; Pilcomayo; Bermejo; Madre Aysén; Capitán Prat; Coyhaique; de Rios; Yacuma General Carrera Antofagasta: Brazil Antofagasta; El Loa; Tocopilla; La Araucanía: States and Territories: Cautín; Malleco Arica y Parinacota: Acre; Alagoas; Amazonas; Amapá; Arica; Parinacota Bahia; Ceará; Distrito Federal; Atacama: Espírito Santo; Goiás; Maranhão; Chañaral; Copiapó; Huasco Minas Gerais; Mato Grosso do Sul; Biobío: Mato Grosso; Pará; Paraíba; Arauco; Bío Bío; Concepción; Ñuble Pernambuco; Piauí; Paraná; Rio de Coquimbo: Janeiro; Rio Grande do Norte; Choapa; Elqui; Limarí Rondônia; Roraima; Rio Grande do Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins:

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 23 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Cachapoal; Cardenal Caro; Departments, Provinces, Regions, Sub Colchagua regions Los Lagos: Antioquia: Chiloé; Llanquihue; Osorno; Palena Baja Cauca; Nordeste; Norte; Los Ríos: Occidente; Suroeste; Urabá; Vallle Ranco; Valdivia de Aburrá Magallanes y Antártica Chilena: Bolivar: Antártica Chilena; Magallanes; Tierra Depressión Momposina; Dique; del Fuego; Última Esperanza Loba; Magdalena Medio; Mojana; Maule: Mones de María Caquenes; Curicó; Linares; Talca Boyacá: Ñuble Centro; Cubará (Distrito Fronterizo); Región Metropolitana de Santiago: Gutiérrez; La Libertad; Lengupá; Chacabuco; Cordillera; Maipo; Márquez; Neira; Norte; Occidente; Melipilla; Santiago; Talagante Oriente; Ricaurte; ; Tarapacá: ; Valderrama; Puerto Iquique; Tamarugal Boyacá (Zona de Manejo Especial) Valparaíso: Caldas: Isla de Pascua [Easter Island; Rapa Bajo Occidente; Magdalena Nui]; Los Andes; Marga Marga; Caldense; Norte; Centrosur; Alto Petorca; Quillota; San Antonio; San Oriente; Alto Occidente Felipe de Aconcagua; Valparaíso Cauca: Centro; Norte; Occidente; Oriente; Physiographic Regions: Sur Norte Grande, Norte Chico, Núcleo Cundinamarca: Central, Concepción y La Alameidas; Magdalena Centro; Frontera, Los Lagos and Los Canales Sabana Centro; Oriente; Gualivá; Guavio; Bajo Magdalena; Medina; Deserts: Rionegro; ; Sumapaz; Atacama Tequendama; Ubaté; Alto Magdalena; Sabana Occidente Mountains: Huila: Andes Subcentro; Subnorte; Suboccidente; Subsur La Guajira: Rivers: Norte Provincia; (Sur) Padilla Loa; Bío-Bío Maipo; Maule; Baker; Provincia Rapel; Copiapó; Itata; Valdivia; Meta: Bueno Ariari; Capital; Piedmonte; Rio Meta

Nariño: Columbia Juanambú (La Unión); Obando (Ipiales); Pasto: Tumaco-Barbacoas; Túquerres

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 24 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Norte de Santander: Áncash: Centro; Norte; Occidente; Oriente; Huaraz; Aiia; Antonio Arimondi; Sur-occidente; Sur-oriente Asunción; Bolognesi; Carhuaz; Carlos Santander: Fermín Fitzcarrald; Casma; Corongo; Comunera; García-Rovira; Guanentá; Huari; Huarmey; Huaylas; Mariscal Mares; Soto; Vélez Luzuriaga; Ocros; Pallasca; Sucre: Pomabamba; Recuay; Santa; Sihuas; La Mojana; Montes de María; Municipalities: Yungay Morrosquillo; Sabanas; San Jorge Apurímac: Tolima: Abancay; Andahuaylas; Antabamba; Ibagué; Nevados; Norte; Oriente; Aymaraes; Cotabambas; Chincheros; Sur; Suroriente Grau Valle del Cauca: Arequipa: Centro; Norte; Occidente; Oriente; Arequipa; Camaná; Caravelí; Castilla; Sur Condesuyos; Islay; La Unión Ayacucho: Physiographic Regions: Huamanga; Cangallo; Huancva Andean Ranges; Caribbean lowlands Sancos; Huanta; La Mar; Lucanas; coastal region; Orinoquía region Parinacochas; Páucar del Sara Sara; Sucre; Víctor Fajardo; Vilcas Huamán Deserts: Cajamarca: ; La Guajira Desert Cajamarca; Cajabamba; Celendín; Chota; Conturmazá; Cutervo; Mountains: Hualgayoc; Jaén; San Ignacio; San Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Marcos; San Miguel; San Pablo; Santa Cruz Cusco (Cuzco): Rivers: Acomayo; Anta; Calca; Canas; Río Magdalena Canchis, Chumbivilcas; Cusco;

Espinar; La Convención; Paruro; Ecuador Paucartambo; Quispicanchi; French Guiana (France) Urubamba Guyana Callao: Paraguay Constitutional Province of Callao Huancavelica: Peru Acobamba; Angaraes; Castrovirreyna; Churcampa; Regions (formerly Departamentos) and Huaytará; Tayacaja Provinces: Huánuco: Amazonas: Huánuco; Ambo; Dos de Mayo; Chachapoyas; Bagua; Bongará; Huacaybamba; Huamalíes; Leoncio Condorcanqui; Luya; Rodríguez de Prado; Marañon; Pachitea; Puerto Mendoza; Utcubamba Inca; Lauricocha; Yarowilca Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 25 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Ica: Tacna; Candarave; Jorge Basadre; Ica; Chincha; Nazca; Palpa; Pisco Tarata Junín: Tumbers: Huancayo; Concepción; Tumbes; Contralmirante Villar; Chanchamayo; Jauja; Junín; Satipo; Zarumilla Tarma; Yauli; Chupaca Ucayali: La Libertad: Coronel Portillo; Atalaya; Padre Trujillo; Ascope; Bolívar; Chepén; Abad; Purus Julcán; Otuzco; Pacasmayo; Pataz; Sánchez Carrión; Santiago de Chuco; Physiographic Regions: Gran Chimú; Viru Amazonia; Andes; Coastal Lambayeque: Chiclayo; Ferreñate; Lambayeque Deserts: Lima: Atacama; Sechura Lima; Barranca; Cajatambo; Canta; Cañete; Huaral; Huarochirí; Huaura; Mountains: Oyón; Yauyos Andes Loreto: Maynas; Alto Amazonas; Loreto; Suriname Mariscal Ramón Castilla; Requena; Ucayali; Dátem del Marañón Uruguay Madre de Dios: Tambopata; Manu; Tahuamanu Venezuela Moquegua: Mariscal Nieto; General Sánchez States: Cerro; IIo Amazonas; Anzoátegui; Apure; Pasco: Aragua; Barinas; Bolívar; Carabobo; Pasco; Daniel Alcídes Carrión; Cojedes; Delta Amacuro; Falcón; Oxapampa Guárico; Lara; Mérida; Miranda; Piura: Monagas; Nueva Esparta; Piura; Ayabaca; Huancabamba; Portuguesa; Sucre; Táchira; Trujillo; Morropón; Paita; Sullana; Talara; Vargas; Yaracuy; Zulia Sechura Puno: Dependencias Federales - Puno; Azángaro; Carabaya; Islas Los Monjes; Isla La Tortuga; Chucuito; Huancané; Lampa; Islas Los Frailes; Islas La Sola; Islas Melgar; Moho; San Antonio de Los Testigos; Islas Las Aves; Islas Putina; San Román; Sandia; Yunguyo Los Roques; Isla La Orchila; Isla San Martín: Blanquilla; Islas Los Hermanos; Isla Moyobamba; Bellavista; ; de Patos; Aves; Isla Caribe y Los Huallaga; Lamas; Mariscal Cáceres; Lobos Picota; Rioja; San Martín; Tocache Tacna:

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 26 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Physiographic Regions: Rivers: Maracaibo lowlands; northern Yesil (Ishim); ; Koluton, mountains; Orinoco plains (llanos); Zhabay; Akkanburluk; Terisakkan Guiana highlands Kyrgyzstan Deserts: Tajikistan Guajira Desert Turkmenistan Mountains: Uzbekistan Coastal Range Mountains; Cordillera de Mérida EAST ASIA

Rivers: China Orinoco River Municipalities: CENTRAL ASIA Beijing; Chongqing; Shanghai; Tianjin

Kazakhstan Provinces: ; Fujian; ; Guangdong; Regions: Guizhou; Hainan; Hebei; ; ; East Heilongjiang; ; ; ; Kazakhstan Region; Jambyl Region; Jiangsu; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Shandong; ; ; Mangystau ; Yunnan; Zhejiang Region; ; Nur-Sultan; ; Autonomous Regions: ; Guangxi: ; ; (formerly South Kazakhstan); West ; Kazakhstan Region Special Administrative Regions: Hong Kong; Macao (Macau) Physiographic Regions: Steppe; plains; semi-desert; desert Physiographic regions: Eastern China (subdivided into the Deserts: northeast plain, north plain, and Kazakh Desert; Qyzylqum Desert; southern hills); Xinjiang-Mongolia; Aral Tibetan highlands

Mountains: Deserts: ; Ural mountains ; Dzungaria; ; Gurbantünggüt Desert; Hami Desert; ; ; ; ;

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 27 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Ordos Desert; Shapotou District; Umnugovi (Ömnögovi); Uvs; ; Uvurkhangai (Övörkhanghai); Zavkhan; Mountains: Altai Mountains; ; Awa Physiographic regions: mountain; ; Mongolia Plateau (); the ; Daba highlands; Gobi desert Mountains; ; Great ; ; Deserts: Himalayas; ; Jinping Gobi Desert Mountains; Jundu Mountains; Kuaiji Mountains; Mountains; Mountains: Mazong Mountain; Middle Yandang Mongolian Altai, Khangain (or Mountains; ; Hangayn) Nuruu; Khentil (or ; ; Hentiyn) Nuruu ; ; Shaluli Mountains; ; Rivers: Thistle Mountains; Wanda Orkhon River; Kherlen River; Tuul Mountains; Xiao Mountains; Yan River; Zavkhan River; Selenge River; Mountains; Yandang Mountains; Yin Hovd River; Eg River; Ider River; Mountains; Yuecheng Mountains; Delgermörön ; North Korea

South Korea Rivers: River; ; Taiwan Heilongjiang River; Yarlung Zangbo River; Huaihe River NORTH ASIA

Hong Kong (see China) Russia Japan Macau (see China) Straddles Eastern Europe and North Asia; Eurasia.

Mongolia Regions: Central European Region; North and Provinces: Northwest European Region; Volga Arkhangai; Bayankhongor; Bayan- Region; North ; Ural Ulgii (Bayan-Ölgii); Bulgan; Darkhan- Region; Western Siberia; Eastern Uul; Dornod; Dornogovi; Dundgovi; Siberia; Northern and Govi-Altai; Govisümber; Khentii; Northwestern Siberia; Russian Far Khovd; Khuvsgul (Khövsgöl); Orkhon; East Selenge; Sükhbaatar; Tuv (Töv);

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 28 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Republics: States: Adygea; Altai; Bashkortostan; Andhra Pradesh; Arunachal Pradesh; Buryatia; Chechnya; Chuvashia; Assam; Bihar; Chhattisgarh; Goa; ; Dagestan; Ingushetia; Gujarat; Haryana; Himachal Pradesh; Kabardino-Balkaria; Kalmykia; Jharkhand; Karnataka; Kerala; Karachay-Cherkessia; Karelia; Madhya Pradesh; Maharashtra; Khakassia; Komi; Mari El; Mordovia; Manipur; Meghalay; Mizoram; North Ossetia–Alania; Yakutia; Nagaland; Odisha; ; Sakha; Tatarstan; Tuva; Udmurtia ; Sikkim; Tamil Nadu; Telangana; Tripura; Uttar Pradesh; Physiographic regions: Uttarakhand; West Bengal East European Plain; West Siberian Plain; North Siberian Lowland; Union Territories: Central Yakutian Lowland; East Andaman and Nicobar Islands; Siberian Lowland; Central Siberian Chandigarh; Dadra and Nagar Haveli Plateau; Plateau; East Siberian and Daman and Diu; Delhi; Jammu Mountains; South Siberian and Kashmir; ; ; Mountains Puducherry

Deserts: Physiographic regions: Chara Northern and North-eastern Mountain; Northern Plain; Mountains: Peninsular Plateau; Indian Desert; Caucasus; Ural; Altai; Sayan; Coastal Plains; and Islands. Yablonoi; Stanovoy; Kamchatka; ; Chersky; Verkhoyansk Deserts: (aka Great Indian Rivers: Desert) ; Jaisalmer Desert; Kutch Pechora; Volga; Don; Kam; Oka; Desert; Bikaner Desert; Barmer Northern Dvina; Dniepr; Western Desert. Dvina; Lena; ’; Yenisei; Siberia (see Russia) Mountains: Himalaya Range; and Pir Panjal Range; Purvanchal Range; SOUTH ASIA Satpura and Vindhaya Range;

Aravalli Range; ; Afghanistan Bhutan, Bangladesh Rivers: Indus; Ganges; Brahmaputra; India Ganga; Yamuna; Narmada; Saraswathi; Godavari; Krishna;

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 29 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Kaveri; Bhima; Tapati; Tungabhadra; Brunei Sindhu; Pranhita; Tapi, Mahanadi Burma (Myanmar) Cambodia Maldives Nepal Indonesia

Pakistan The world’s largest archipelago, it is also partially located in Oceania. Provinces: Balochistan; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; Islands, major Punjab; . Java: Banten, Central Java, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, East Java, Autonomous Territories: West Java. Sumatra: Aceh, North Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Gilgit- Sumatra, West Sumatra, Bengkulu, Baltistan Lampung, Riau, Riau Islands, Bangka-Belitung Islands. Kalimantan: Physiographic regions: Central Kalimantan, Kalimantan, Plateau of W Pakistan, the plains of North Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, West Kalimantan. the Indus and Punjab rivers, the hills of NW Pakistan, and the mountains Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, North of N Pakistan Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi. Lesser Sunda Islands: Bali, East Nusa Tenggara, West Nusa Deserts: Tenggara. Maluku Islands: Maluku, Thar desert; ; Katpana North Maluku. Western New desert; ; Guinea: West Papua, Papua.

Mountains: Provinces: Himalaya Range; Range; Aceh; Bali; Bangka Belitung Islands; Karakoram range Banten; Bengkulu; Central Java;

Central Kalimantan; Central Rivers: Sulawesi; East Java; East Kalimantan; Panjnad River; Jhelum; Chenab; East Nusa Tenggara; Gorontalo; Ravi; Beas; . Special Capital Region of Jakarta; Jambi; Lampung; Maluku; North Sri Lanka Kalimantan; North Maluku; North Sulawesi; North Sumatra; Papua; SOUTHEAST ASIA Riau; Riau Islands; Southeast Sulawesi; South Kalimantan; South Sulawesi; South Sumatra; West Java; West Kalimantan; West Nusa Tenggara; West Papua; West

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 30 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Sulawesi; West Sumatra; Special Emirates: Region of Yogyakarta Riyadh Province; Makkah Province; Eastern Province; Madinah Province; Deserts: Al Baha Province; Al Jawf Province, None the Emirate of the Northern Borders Province; Qassim Province; Ha'il Mountains: Province; Tabuk Province; 'Aseer Numerous mountains; 400 , Province; Jazan Province; Najran 100 of which are active. Province

Rivers: Physiographic Regions: Dominated by tropical rainforest, there are numerous river systems Mountainous western highlands; throughout the islands. rocky central plateau; eastern low-lying coastal plain; sandy

desert areas of the north, east, Laos and south Malaysia Philippines Deserts: Singapore Nafud Desert; Rub-al-Khali Desert Timor-Leste Thailand Rivers: Vietnam Dry oueds (wadis) West Papua (Papua Barat) United Arab Emirates WEST ASIA Yemen

Azerbaijan (Europe) WEST ASIA – MIDDLE EAST Armenia (Eurasia) Turkey (Europe) Lebanon

WEST ASIA – ARABIAN PENINSULA Israel

Districts: Bahrain District; Northern District; Kuwait District; Central District; Tel Oman Aviv District; Southern District; Qatar and Samaria Area

Saudi Arabia Occupied Territories: Golan Heights; East Jerusalem; Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 31 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Mountains: Physiographic Regions: Zagros Mountains; Elburz Mediterranean coastal plain; Central Mountains; Kopet-Dag (Koppeh Hills; Jordan Valley; Dāgh) Range; Bashagard Range Desert Rivers: Deserts: Karun River; Karkheh River; Sefid ; Negev Desert; Zin Rud River Desert Jordan Mountains: Mount Carmel; Har Karkom (Mount Provinces (muhafazah): Sinai); Mount Hermon; Mount Meron Ajlun; Amman; Aqaba; Balqa; Irbid; Jarash; Karak; Ma`an; Madaba; Rivers: Mafraq; Tafilah; Zarqa Jordan River Physiographic Regions: Iraq Desert, the uplands east of Iran the Jordan River; the

Provinces: Deserts: Alborz; Ardabil; Azerbaijan East; Arabian Desert; ; Syrian Azerbaijan West; Bushehr; Chahar

Mahaal and Bakhtiari; Fars; Gilan; Golestan; Hamadan; Hormozgān; Rivers: Ilam; Isfahan; Kerman; Kermanshah; Jordan River Khorasan North; Khorasan Razavi; Khorasan South; Khuzestan; Palestine (see Israel) Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad; Syria Kurdistan; Lorestan; Markazi; Mazandaran; Qazvin; Qom; Semnan; Sistan and Baluchestan; Tehran; Yazd; Zanjan

Physiographic Regions:

Deserts: Dasht-e Kavir (Great desert); Lut Desert (Sand and Stone Desert)

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 32 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

CENTRAL EUROPE Estonia Latvia Lithuania Croatia Moldova Czech Republic Romania Germany Russia (see North Asia) Hungary Ukraine Poland Slovakia NORTHERN EUROPE - Greenland (see Slovenia North America); Iceland

Switzerland NORTHERN EUROPE - Fennoscandia (aka Fenno-Scandinavia) Regions and Cantons: Eastern Switzerland: St. Gallen; Denmark Thurgau; Appenzell Innerrhoden; Appenzell Ausserrhoden; Glarus; Regions and Provinces: Schaffhausen; Graubünden. Zürich: Capital Region: Copenhagen City; Zürich. Central Switzerland: Uri; Copenhagen surroundings; North Schwyz; Obwalden; Nidwalden; Zealand; Bornholm. Zealand: East Lucerne; Zug. Northwestern Zealand; West and South Zealand. Switzerland: Basel-Stadt; Basel- Southern: Fyn; South Jutland. Landschaft; Aargau. Espace Central: West Jutland; East Jutland. Mittelland: Bern; Solothurn; Northern: North Jutland. Fribourg; Neuchatel; . Région lémanique: Geneva; Vaud; Valais. Physiographic Regions: Ticino: Ticino. Jutland Peninsula; Danish Archipelago Physiographic Regions: Swiss Alps; Central Plateau; Jura Rivers: Gudenå; Kongeåen; Odense River; Mountains: Pøleå; Varde; Vidå; Skjern Å; Suså; Swiss Alps; Jura Mountains Esrum Å; Køge Å; Usserød Å; Vejle River Rivers: Rhine; Aare (or Aar); Rhône; Reuss; Finland Linth and Limmat; Saane/La Sarine Regions: EASTERN EUROPE Lappland; North Ostrobothnia; Kainuu; North Karelia; Northern Savonia; Southern Savonia; South Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 33 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Karelia; Central Finland; South Provinces: Ostrobothnia; Ostrobothnia; Central Ångermanland; Blekinge; Bohuslän; Ostrobothnia; Pirkanmaa; Satakunta Dalarna; Dalsland; Gotland; Päijänne Tavastia; Tavastia Proper; Gästrikland; Halland; Hälsingland; Kymenlaakso; Uusimaa; Southwest Härjedalen; Jämtland; Lappland; Finland; Åland Islands Medelpad; Norrbotten; Närke; Öland; Östergötland; Skåne; Physiographic Regions: Småland; Södermanland ; Uppland; Archipelagoes and coastal lowlands; Värmland; Västmanland; central lake plateau; uplands to the Västerbotten north and northeast Physiographic Regions: Karelia (see Russia) Lowlands; mountains Kola Peninsula (see Russia) Mountains: Norway Scandinavian Mountains (Scandes)

Regions and Counties: SOUTHERN EUROPE Northern Norway: , og . Trøndelag: Trøndelag. Crete Western Norway: Møre og Romsdal; Corsica (France) ; . Southern Cyprus Norway: . : Gibraltar (Britain) ; ; og ; Greece .

Italy Physiographic Regions:

Mountains; fjords (coastline); islands Regions: Abruzzo; Basilicata; Calabria; Mountains: Campania; Emilia-Romagna; Friuli- Scandinavian Mountains (Scandes) Venezia Giulia; Latium (Lazio);

Liguria; Lombardia; Marche; Molise; Rivers: Piemonte; Puglia (Apulia) Glomma (or Glåma) River Sardegna (Sardinia); Sicialia (Sicily); Toscana (Tuscany); Trentino-Alto Sweden Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol ); Umbria; Valle d'Aosta (Aosta Valley); Regions: Veneto Norrland; Svealand; Götaland Physiographic Regions: Mountains; volcanoes; valleys; sub- alpine lakes, islands (Aeolians; Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 34 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Pontines; Capri; Montecristo; (Basque); Albacete; Alicante Gorgona; Elba, Sardinia; Sicily) (Spanish), Alacant (Valencian); Almería; Asturias; Ávila; Badajoz; Mountains: Balearic Islands (English), Illes Alps; Apennines Balears (Catalan), Islas Baleares (Spanish); Barcelona; Biscay Rivers: (English), Vizcaya (Spanish), Bizkaia Po; Arno; Tiber (Basque); Burgos; Cáceres; Cádiz; Cantabria; Castellón (Spanish), Malta Castelló (Valencian); Ciudad Real; Córdoba; Cuenca; Guipúzcoa Monaco (Spanish), Gipuzkoa (Basque);

Girona (Catalan),Gerona (Spanish); SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE Granada; Guadalajara; Huelva; Huesca; Jaén; La Rioja; Las Palmas; Balkans León; Lleida (Catalan), Lérida Bosnia (Spanish); Lugo; Madrid; Málaga; Bulgaria Murcia; , Nafarroa (Basque), Croatia Navarra (Spanish); Ourense (Galician), Orense (Spanish); Herzegovina Palencia; Pontevedra; Salamanca; Kosovo Santa Cruz de Tenerife; Segovia; Macedonia Seville, Sevilla (Spanish); Soria; Montenegro Tarragona; Teruel; Toledo; Valencia, Serbia València (Valencian); Valladolid; Zamora; Zaragoza; Saragossa SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE (English)

Spain Physiographic Regions: Meseta Central; Cantabrian Autonomous Communities: Mountains (Cordillera Cantabrica) ; ; Asturias; Balearic and the northwest region; Ibérico Islands; Basque Country; Canary region; , Penibético region; Islands, Cantabria; Castile and León; Andalusian Plain; Basin; coastal Castile–La Mancha; Catalonia; plains; Balearic Islands; Canary Community of Madrid, Extremadura; Islands Galicia; La Rioja; Navarra; Murcia; Valencian Community. Autonomous Deserts: cities: ; . Desert; Desert ; Cabo de Gata-Níjar Provinces: Natural Park La Coruña (Spanish), A Coruña (Galician); Álava (Spanish), Araba Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 35 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Mountains: Occitanie; Corsica Island. Central Pyrenees; Sierra Nevada; Cordillera France: Centre-Val de . Eastern Cantabria; Sistema Iberico; France: Grand Est; Auvergne-Rhône Cordillera Betica; Sierra de Cuenca; Alpes; Bourgogne-Franche Comté. Montes de Toledo Western France: Bretagne; Pays de la Loire; Nouvelle Aquitaine Rivers: River Tajo; River Ebro; River Duero; French Overseas Territories: River Guadiana; Guadalquivir; River Martinique; ; Guyanne; Júcar; River Genil; River Segura; Réunion Island; Mayotte River Miño; River Turia Departments: Portugal ; ; ; Alpes-de-Haute- Provence; Hautes-Alpes; Alpes- Regions: Maritimes; Ardèche; ; Northern Portugal; Central Portugal; Ariège; ; ; ; Lisbon; Alentejo Region; Algarve; Bouches-du-Rhône; ; Madeira Island; Azores islands ; ; Charente- Maritime; ; ; Corse-du- Districts: Sud; Haute-Corse; Côte-d'Or; Côtes- Aveiro; Beja; Braga; Bragança; d'Armor; ; ; ; Branco; Castelo; Coimbra; Évora; Drôme; ; Eure-et-Loir; Finistère; Faro; Guarda; Leiria; Lisbon; ; Haute-Garonne; ; Portalegre; Porto; Santarém; ; Hérault; Ille-et-Vilaine; Setúbal; Viana do Castelo; Vila Real; ; Indre-et-Loire; Isère; Jura; Viseu ; Loir-et-Cher; Loire; Haute- Loire; Loire-Atlantique 6; ; ; Rivers: Lot-et-Garonne; Lozère; Maine-et- Côa; Douro; Guadiana; Minho; Mira; Loire; ; ; Haute- Marne; ; Meurthe-et- Mondego; Sado; Tâmega; Rio (Tagus River); Vouga; Zêzere ; ; ; Moselle; Nièvre; ; ; ; Pas-de- Calais; Puy-de-Dôme; Pyrénées- WESTERN EUROPE Atlantiques; Hautes-Pyrénées; Pyrénées-Orientales; Bas-Rhin; Belgium Haut-Rhin; Rhône; Metropolis; Haute-Saône; Saône-et-Loire; France ; ; Haute-Savoie; ; Seine-Maritime; Seine-et-Marne; Regions: ; Deux-Sèvres; ; Northern France: Normandy; Hauts ; Tarn-et-Garonne; ; de France; Ile de France. Southern ; Vendée; ; Haute- France: Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur; Vienne; ; ; Territoire de Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 36 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Belfort; ; Hauts-de-Seine; Physiographic regions: Seine-Saint-Denis; Val-de-Marne; Lowlands, uplands Val-d'Oise; Guadeloupe; Martinique; Guyane; La Réunion; Mayotte Mountains and hills: Lake District; Cheviot Hills; Pennines; Mountains: Howgill Fells; Orton Fells; North York French Alps; Pyrenees; Midi- Pyrenees Rivers: Rivers: Severn; Thames; Trent; Great Ouse Loire; Garonne; Lot; Rhine; Rhone; Seine Hebrides

Luxemburg Ireland (Northern Ireland, Great Britain; Netherlands (Holland) Republic of Ireland)

WESTERN EUROPE - Traditional Counties: BRITISH ISLES Antrim; Armagh; Carlow; Cavan; Clare; Cork; Donegal; Down; Dublin (Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, Fingal, Britain (Great Britain) South Dublin); Fermanagh; Galway;

Kerry; Kildare; Kilkenny; Laois; England Leitrim; Limerick; Londonderry;

Longford; Louth; Mayo; Meath; Regions: Monaghan; Offaly; Roscommon; South East; London; North West; Sligo; Tipperary; Tyrone; Waterford; East of England; West Midlands; Westmeath; Wexford; Wicklow South West; Yorkshire and the Humber; East Midlands; North East Physiographic regions:

Central plains; coastal mountains Non-metropolitan counties: Cambridgeshire; Cumbria; Mountains: Derbyshire; Devon; East Sussex; Ballyhoura Mountains; Boggeragh Essex; Gloucestershire; Hampshire; Mountains; Caha Mountains; Hertfordshire; Kent; Lancashire; Comeragh Mountains; Leicestershire; Lincolnshire; Norfolk; Derrynasaggart Mountains; Galty Northamptonshire; North Yorkshire; Mountains; Knockmealdown Nottinghamshire; Oxfordshire; Mountains; MacGillycuddy's Reeks; Somerset; Staffordshire; Suffolk; Mangerton Mountains; Shehy Surrey; Warwickshire; West Sussex; Mountains; Silvermine Mountains; Slieve Mish Mountains; Slieve

Miskish Mountains; Slieveardagh

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 37 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Hills; Blackstairs Mountains; Cooley Mountains; Slieve Bloom Mountains; Mountains: Wicklow Mountains; Bluestack The Highlands & Islands; The Hills of Mountains; Derryveagh Mountains; the Central Lowlands; the Southern Mourne Mountains; Curlew Uplands. Mountains; ; ; Beg Range; Ox Rivers: Mountains; Partry Mountains; River Tay; River Spey; River Clyde; Sheeffry Range; River Tweed; River Dee; River Don; River Nith; River Forth Rivers: Shannon; River Liffey; River Lee, Wales River Swilly; River Foyle; River Lagan; River Erne; River Blackwater; Regions: River Nore; River Suir; River Barrow South West Wales; South Wales; (The Three Sisters; River Bann; River Mid Wales; North Wales; West Slaney; River Boyne; River Moy; Wales River Corrib

Districts: Isle of Man Aberconwy; Alyn and Deeside; Scotland Anglesey - Ynys Môn; Arfon; Blaenau Gwent; Brecknock; Cardiff; Council Areas: Carmarthen; Ceredigion; Colwyn; City of Glasgow; City of Edinburgh; Cynon Valley; Delyn; Dinefwr; Fife; North Lanarkshire; South Dwyfor; Glyndŵr; Islwyn; Llanelli; Lanarkshire; Aberdeenshire; Lliw Valley; Meirionnydd; Merthyr Highland; Aberdeen City; West Tydfil; Monmouth ; Montgomery Lothian; Renfrewshire; Falkirk; (renamed Montgomeryshire); and Kinross; Dumfries and Galloway; Neath; Newport; Ogwr; Afan Dundee City; North Ayrshire; East (renamed Port Talbot); Preseli Ayrshire; Angus; Scottish Borders; (renamed Preseli Pembrokeshire); South Ayrshire; East Radnor (renamed Radnorshire); Dunbartonshire; East Lothian; Rhondda; Rhuddlan; Rhymney Moray; East Renfrewshire; Stirling; Valley; South Pembrokeshire; Midlothian; West Dunbartonshire; Swansea; Taff-Ely; Torfaen; Vale of Argyll and Bute; Inverclyde; Glamorgan; Wrexham Maelor Clackmannanshire; Na h-Eileanan Siar (Western Isles); Shetland Physiographic regions: Islands; Orkney Islands Coastal plains; valleys; hills; mountains Physiographic regions: Lowlands; moorlands; highlands Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 38 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Mountains: Western Plateau (including the Cambrian Mountains ); Central Deserts; Northern Plateau and Basins Rivers: (including the Top End) Severn; Wye; Teme; Dee Rock Art Regions, Examples of: OCEANIA – AUSTRALASIA Arnhem Land; Black Range Scenic Reserve; Carnarvon Gorge; Chillagoe Australia – Mungana Limestone Belt; Dampier Archipelago (Burrup Peninsula, Murujuga); Cape York Peninsula; States: Cobar Pediplain; Flinders Range; New South Wales; Grampians; Kakadu National Park; Queensland; ; Keep River; Kimberley; Mann River; Tasmania; Victoria; Western ; Port Hedland; Sydney Australia region; Torres Strait; Victoria River;

Wellington Range; Western Desert; Internal Territories: Wollemi National Park Australian Capital Territory; Jervis Bay Territory; Northern Territory Deserts:

Great Victoria Desert; Great Sandy External Territories: Desert; ; Simpson Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Desert; ; Little Sandy Australian Antarctic Territory; Desert; ; Sturt Stony Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Desert; Tirari Desert ; Pedirka Desert Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard and McDonald Islands; Norfolk Island Mountains:

Australian Alps; Physiographic Divisions: Flinders Ranges; Grampians; Great Western Plateau; Interior Lowlands; Dividing Range; Mount Lofty Ranges; Eastern Uplands Snowy Mountains

Physiographic Regions: Rivers: Eastern Highlands (including the Alligator River; Cadell River; Great Dividing Range, the Brigalow ; Flinders River; Belt strip of behind the Fotescue River; Glenelg River; Gibb east coast, and the Eastern River; ; Hawkesbury Uplands); Eastern alluvial Plains and River; Keep River; Little Laura River; Lowlands (Murray Darling basin, also MacDonald River; Mann River; includes parts of the Lake Eyre Marne River; Maxwell River; Basin); South Australian Highlands McArthur River; Normanby River; (including the Flinders Range, Eyre Patrick (aka Paddy’s) River Peninsula, Yorke Peninsula); Shoalhaven River; South Para River; Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 39 September 15, 2020

KEYWORD GUIDE

Upper Weld River; Upper ; Fiji Victoria River; Papua New Guinea Solomon Is. Chatham Island Vanuatu (formerly New Hebrides)

New Zealand OCEANIA – POLYNESIA

Regions: Cook Is. Northland (Te Tai Tokerau); Hawaii (United States) Auckland (Tāmaki-makau-rau); ; Bay of Plenty (Te Moana-a- Marquesas Islands Toi); Gisborne (Te Tai Rāwhiti); Niue Hawke's Bay (Te Matau-a-Māui); Taranaki; Manawatū-Whanganui; Rapa Nui - Easter Island (Chile) (Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara); Tasman (Te Tai-o-Aorere); Nelson Region: (Whakatū); Marlborough (Te Tauihu- Valparaíso o-te-waka); West Coast (Te Tai Poutini); Canterbury; Waitaha; Province: ; Ōtākou; Southland Isla de Pascua (Murihiku) Physiographic regions: Deserts: Volcanoes (Terevaka, Poike, Rano Kau); hawaiite and flows

Mountains: Samoa Mountain ranges of Otago; Southern Tokelau Alps; Tararua Range; mountain Tonga ranges of Waikato Tuvalu

Rivers: Waikato North; Clutha / Matau; OCEANIA – MICRONESIA Whanganui; Taieri; Rangitikei; Mataura; Waiau (Southland); Federated States of Micronesia Clarence; Buller / Kawatiti; Waihou; Guam (United States) Mohaka; Waiau (Canterbury); Kiribati Wairau; Whangaehu; Waimakariri; Marshall Islands Mokau Nauru

Northern Mariana Is. OCEANIA – MELANESIA Palau

Compiled by Leigh Marymor, Research Associate, Museum of Northern Arizona. 40 September 15, 2020