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Prevention of Theft of Official Vehicles of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) in the Gauteng Province

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Prevention of Theft of Official Vehicles of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) in the Gauteng Province Prevention of theft of official vehicles of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) in the Gauteng Province by ESEWU MXOLISI MATHEBULA submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of MAGISTER TECHNOLOGIAE in the subject POLICING at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROF M MONTESH MAY 2014 DECLARATION I declare that “Prevention of theft of official vehicles of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) in the Gauteng Province” is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. It is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Magister Technologiae: Policing at the University of South Africa. It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination in any other University. I further declare that I have obtained the necessary authorisation and consent to carry out this research. Signed ________________________ __ May 2014__ SIGNATURE DATE (Mr) ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the following people: Prof Moses Montesh, for being an unbelievably devoted supervisor and an inspiration to me. Brigadier General Stanley Buhali, for affording me an opportunity to study whilst working in his office as his Personal Staff Officer. My lovely wife, Doris Vuyisile Mathebula, for her support throughout the duration of my study. The late Brigadier General Reginald Rabotapi, for being such an inspiration to me. Lastly, I would like to thank everyone who somehow contributed to my progress. iii DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this research to my mother, Thandi Mathebula and my late father, Mr. Paulos Mathebula. Both parents have continued to inspire me, from childhood until now. Even though my father never attended school, his passion for education instilled in me a commitment to better myself where and however possible. May his soul rest in peace. iv SUMMARY The South African National Defence Force (SANDF) was formed in 1994 after the integration of different “defence forces” into one large force. The sole existence of the SANDF is to protect the borders of the Republic of South Africa and its inhabitants. Resources such as vehicles make it easier for the SANDF to conduct mobile patrols and other operations to ensure that the organisation is always combat-ready. Motor vehicle theft is a crime that affects both individual citizens and organisations in South Africa; the SANDF is not immune to the crime. Many SANDF motor vehicles are stolen almost every day, and in most cases, these vehicles are taken without a trace. While there are security measures in place aimed at preventing theft of SANDF vehicles but these methods have proven futile. A literature review formed the basis of the study. Once the main theory and ideologies were identified, unstructured interviews were undertaken to gather information from various stakeholders. Observations were also conducted to determine behavioural patterns within military bases/units with regard to the parking of SANDF vehicles, even when the vehicles were parked in urban settings. Essentially, there is a problem regarding the security of SANDF vehicles and also the security within military bases / units. This study indicated that the SANDF loses vast amounts of money due to motor vehicle theft in Gauteng Province. The findings also revealed that the current vehicle security measures are outdated, ineffective and inadequate in preventing SANDF vehicles from being stolen. The recommendations are that the SANDF must invest more of its budget on vehicle security, rather than continuing with fruitless and monetary expenditure by conducting Board of Inquiries (BOI) or lengthy investigations in an attempt to relocate stolen vehicles or to determine how a particular vehicle was stolen. The SANDF requires a comprehensive system that should prevent the theft of its vehicles, as well as curbing the misuse of vehicles which ultimately renders SANDF vehicles as easy targets. v OPSOMMING Die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag (SANW) is in 1994 gestig volgens die integrasie van verskillende "weermagte" in een groot krag. Die enigste bestaan van die SANW is om die grense van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika en sy inwoners te beskerm. Daarom is hulpbronne soos voertuie noodsaaklike om dit makliker te maak vir die SANW om mobiele patrollies en ander bedrywighede uit te voer om te verseker dat die organisasie bestry gereed te alle tye. Motordiefstal is 'n misdaad wat 'n invloed op individuele burgers en organisasies onderskeidelik in Suid-Afrika het; die SANW is nie immuun teen die misdaad nie. SANW motorvoertuie word gesteel byna elke dag en in die meeste gevalle, is die vortuie nooit weer gevind nie. Ten spyte van die sekuriteitsmaatreëls wat in plek gestel is, en wat gemik is op die voorkoming van diefstal van voertuie in die SANW is hierdie maatreëls alreeds bewys as nutteloos. Vir die basis van die studie, is 'n literatuuroorsig gebruik. Ongestruktureerde onderhoude is gebruik om inligting in te samel van verskeie belanghebbendes. Waarnemings is ook gedoen om gedragspatrone binne militêre basisse / eenhede (insluitend terwyl geparkeer in die dorp) te bepaal met betrekking tot die parkering van voertuie SANW. Die feit is dat daar 'n probleem is met betrekking tot die veiligheid van die SANW voertuie en ook die sekuriteit in militêre basisse / eenhede. Die studie het aangedui dat die SANW honderde duisende rande verloor deur diefstal van motorvoertuie in die Gauteng Provinsie. Die bevindinge het ook onthul dat die huidige voertuig sekuriteit maatreëls ondoeltreffend en ontoereikend is in die voorkoming van SANW voertuie wat gesteel word. Die SANW moet meer belê op voertuig sekuriteit, eerder om meer geld en tyd afteneem vir Raad navrae (BOI) of lang ondersoeke om te probeer om gesteelde voertuie op te spoor of om te bepaal hoe 'n spesifieke voertuig gesteel. Die SANW vereis 'n omvattende stelsel wat in staat sal wees om die diefstal van die voertuie te voorkom en ook om die misbruik van voertuie te verminder. vi KEY CONCEPTS Modus operandi Theft Motor vehicle theft Robbery Hijacking Stabling authority Trip authority Military Police Official ACRONYMS AU - African Union BOI - Board of Inquiry CBD - Central Business District DI - Defence Intelligence DOD - Department of Defence LWT - Light Weight Troop MP - Military Police MPD - Military Police Division SAAF - South African Air Force SADC - South African Development Community SAHMS - South African Military Health Services SANDF - South African National Defence Force SAPS - South African Police Services UN - United Nations vii TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE DECLARATION II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS III DEDICATION IV SUMMARY V OPSOMMING VI KEY CONCEPTS VII ACRONYMS VII LIST OF FIGURES XII LIST OF TABLES XII APPENDICES XII CHAPTER 1: GENERAL ORIENTATION 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.2 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 2 1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT 3 1.4 THE AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 4 1.5 ETHICAL ISSUES 5 1.6 VALUE OF THE STUDY 5 1.7 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING RESEARCH 6 1.8 RESEARCH STRUCTURE 6 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY AND LITERATURE REVIEW 8 2.1 INTRODUCTION 8 2.2 METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH 8 2.2.1 Qualitative methodology 8 2.2.2 Advantages of qualitative research methodology 9 2.2.3 Disadvantages of qualitative research methodology 11 2.3 RESEARCH METHODS 11 2.3.1 Literature review 11 2.3.2 The role of a literature review 11 viii 2.3.3. Primary and secondary sources 12 2.3.3.1Primary sources 12 2.3.3.2Secondary sources 13 2.4 RESEARCH TECHNIQUES 14 2.4.1 Interviews 14 2.4.2 Unstructured interviews 14 2.4.3 Advantages of unstructured interviews 15 2.4.4 Disadvantages of unstructured interviews 15 2.4.5 Observation 15 2.4.6 Advantages of observation 16 2.4.7 Disadvantages of observation 17 2.5 RESEARCH SAMPLE 17 2.6 DATA ANALYSIS 18 2.7 TRUSTWORTHINESS OF THE STUDY 19 2.8 CONCLUSION 19 CHAPTER 3: CAUSES AND THE EXTENT OF MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT WITHIN THE SANDF PREMISES 20 3.1 INTRODUCTION 20 3.2 CAUSES OF MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT 21 3.3 REASONS FOR MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT 24 3.4 TYPES OF MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT 30 3.4.1 Opportunistic theft 30 3.4.2 Organised theft 30 3.4.3 Acquisitive motor vehicle theft 32 3.5 MODUS OPERANDI 33 3.6 THE EXTENT OF MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT IN THE SANDF 37 3.7 CONCLUSION 39 CHAPTER 4: SECURITY STATUS OF SANDF VEHICLES 40 4.1 INTRODUCTION 40 4.2 DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS 40 ix 4.2.1 Military Police Official 40 4.2.2 Stable authority 40 4.2.3 Trip authority 41 4.3 THE CURRENT STATUS OF GARAGING VEHICLES 41 4.3.1 Garaging within the unit 41 4.3.2 Private garages (at home) 42 4.3.3 Public places 44 4.4 CURRENT STATUS OF SANDF VEHICLE SECURITY 45 4.4.1 Locks 46 4.4.2 Central lock system 47 4.4.3 Gear locks 47 4.4.4 Geographic Positioning System (GPS) 47 4.5 COSTS VERSUS SAVINGS 48 4.6 THE ROLE OF THE MILITARY POLICE IN CRIME PREVENTION 48 4.7 CHALLENGES 49 4.8 CONCLUSION 53 CHAPTER 5: FINDINGS 54 5.1 INTRODUCTION 54 5.2 SPECIFIC FINDINGS 54 5.2.1 Factors contributing to vehicle theft in the SANDF 54 5.2.2 Stabling authority 56 5.2.3 Modus operandi 56 5.2.4 Tracking system monitored by Defence Intelligence 57 5.2.5 Security of SANDF vehicles within military bases and units 59 5.3 VALUE OF THE RESEARCH 60 5.4 GENERAL FINDINGS 60 5.4.1 Proposal for further research 60 5.4.2 The SANDF drivers’ license system 60 5.4.3 The Log 14 Pamphlet 60 5.4.4 Parking of SANDF vehicles in Pretoria CBD 60 5.4.5 Violation of traffic offences by SANDF drivers 61 5.5 CONCLUSION 61 x CHAPTER 6: RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION 63 6.1 INTRODUCTION 63 6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
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