DOCSLIB.ORG

Watching the Watchdog: Security Oversight Law in the New South Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Watching the Watchdog: Security Oversight Law in the New South Africa Michigan Journal of Race and Law Volume 3 1997 Watching the Watchdog: Security Oversight Law in the New South Africa Christopher A. Ford Governmental Affairs Committee of the U.S. Senate Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjrl Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, National Security Law Commons, and the Rule of Law Commons Recommended Citation Christopher A. Ford, Watching the Watchdog: Security Oversight Law in the New South Africa, 3 MICH. J. RACE & L. 59 (1997). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjrl/vol3/iss1/3 This Symposium Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Journal of Race and Law by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WATCHING THE WATCHDOG: SECURITY OVERSIGHT LAW IN THE NEW SOUTH AFRICA ChristopherA. Ford* This Article attempts to assess the experiences of post-apartheidSouth Africa in the realm of national security law by examining key issues from constitutional, statutory, and policy perspectives. It observes that South Africans now have a great "window of opportunity" that allows them to establish the habits and mores necessary to a working security oversight regime, and argues that the way in which South Africa strikes a balance between the requirements of nationalsecurity and the preservation of personal liberties is of enormous importance to the Republic's future. It further contends that South Africa's choices in this arena could have significant implications and/or hold important lessons for other democracies aroundthe world. The Article concludes by making recommendations for the proper role of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches in South African security oversight law. IN TRO D U CTIO N ................................................................................. 59 I. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES ................................................ 62 A . A New South Africa ................................................................... 62 1. Political System in Flux .................................................. 62 2. An Ignominious Past ....................................................... 63 3. The Challenges of History ............................................... 67 4. The "Core Tension" of National Security Law ............. 71 5. The Peculiarities of National Security Law .................. 74 a. Specificity vs. Generality: The Problem of Shifting Equilibria....................................................... 74 b. The Role of the Courts ................................................ 80 c. Law as "Social Process?"........................................... 82 d. Findingthe Balance..................................................... 83 B. South Africa's Challenges .......................................................... 85 1. Third World Problems ..................................................... 85 2. First World Problems ....................................................... 89 a. UncertainInternational Responsibilities ..................... 90 * The author served as Assistant Counsel to the Intelligence Oversight Board at the White House in 1996 and is presently Counsel for Special Investigations at the Governmental Affairs Committee of the U.S. Senate. He is grateful to his former colleagues at the law firm of Shea & Gardner for their support and encourage- ment. Above all, he is grateful to his wife Jennifer Davis-Ford for the boundless love, kindness, and patience she has shown him during the preparation of this Article. The views expressed herein are his own, and do not necessarily reflect those of the Board, the Committee, or any of their staff members. Michigan Journalof Race & Law [VOL. 3:59 b. Domestic Military Roles ..............................................93 c. The SANDF's New Roles and Civil-Military Relations .......................................................................95 3. Uniquely South African Challenges ................................100 a. Transforming the Military............................................. 100 b. Problems in the Police Force ..........................................106 c. The Entrenched Civil Service .........................................109 d. Domestic Politicaland Religious Groups....................... 110 e. Cross-borderProblems: Aliens, Weapons, Drugs, and Theft .........................................................................115 f. A Continuing Internal Security Role for the Military... 116 C. Lessons from the U.S. Experience? ..............................................118 D. The Challenges of Security Oversight......................................... 121 1. A Taxonomy of Oversight Law and Policy ....................121 2. Setting the Security-Oversight Mold: Now or Perhaps N ever .....................................................................122 II. NATIONAL SECURITY LAW AND POLICY IN SOUTH AFRICA .............126 A . Executive O versight..................................................................... 126 B. Intra-InstitutionalOversight ....................................................... 135 C. PopularAccountability ................................................................139 D . Legislative Oversight ...................................................................143 1. The Current Legislative Scheme ......................................144 2. The Structural Weakness of Legislative Oversight in South A frica ....................................................................146 3. The Power of the Purse ......................................................152 4. The Legislature as an Oversight Organ .........................155 E. Judicial Oversight ........................................................................157 1. A Tradition of Judicial Independence Squandered ........159 2. Reinventing the Judicial "Jealous Eye?" ...................162 3. A Case Study: Domestic Intelligence Surveillance .........163 4. An Inevitable Judicial Role in Oversight Issues ..............168 III. THE FUTURE OF SOUTH AFRICAN SECURITY OVERSIGHT? ................ 173 A . Recom m endations ........................................................................173 1. Legislative Oversight Issues .............................................173 2. The Surveillance Court ......................................................174 3. Other Oversight Organs ....................................................176 4. The Role of the Judiciary ...................................................177 a. A New Jurisprudenceof "Warning?".................. 177 b. A CIPA Analogue? ........................................................180 c. The Concept of "NationalSecurity" .............................181 CONCLUSION: A PARTING WORD .................................................182 FALL 19971 Watching the Watchdog Madness in great ones must not unwatch 'd go.' INTRODUCTION South Africa's tortuous journey to majority rule has long been a subject of enormous concern to scholars, public officials, and concerned citizens around the world. For years, perhaps no country symbolized .the divisions and the controversies of the post-war world as much as did the Republic of South Africa. Indeed, a person's position with respect to the efforts of the South African people to overcome apartheid became, for observer and participant alike, a litmus test of that person's role in any number of broader struggles of enormous magnitude, struggles involving: racial equality, international communism, democratic self-rule, imperialism, liberalization and economic development, or class oppression. Most of all, however, South Africa grabbed the attention of the world because of race. In most of the other struggles that its tumultuous post-war history seemed to illustrate and embody, South Africa remained to foreign observers one arena among many. With respect to race relations, however, South Africa inhabited a symbolic and political plane entirely its own. For the severity of its racial polarization, for the enduring character of its struggle for majority rule, and for the audacity of the White government's claims to have found in apartheid's racial oppression a liberating ideal -of race- autonomous "self-determination," 2 South Africa was as compelling as it was appalling-an almost irresistible subject for the world's fascination and deep passions. As the fruits of this dramatic journey, the Republic's present- day efforts to bring democracy, human rights, economic development, and civil order to its polarized society continue to fascinate much of the world. In the United States, however, the challenges and opportunities of the post-apartheid era are still seen almost exclusively through the lens of race, and are studied principally for the lessons about equality they may offer to other societies.3 It is the assumption of this Article that while the bare facts 1. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, HAMLET act 3, sc. 1. 2. See generally Christopher A. Ford, Challenges and Dilemmas of Racial and Ethnic Identity in American and Post-Apartheid South African Affirmative Action, 43 UCLA L. REV. 1953, 1991 (1996) [hereinafter Ford I] (discussing National Party's racial ideology of "separate development" or "separate freedoms" as being distinctive gloss upon traditional racial segregation, as well as leading to some of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Complete Dissertation
    VU Research Portal Itineraries Rousseau, N. 2019 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Rousseau, N. (2019). Itineraries: A return to the archives of the South African truth commission and the limits of counter-revolutionary warfare. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 09. Oct. 2021 VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT Itineraries A return to the archives of the South African truth commission and the limits of counter-revolutionary warfare ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. V. Subramaniam, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de Faculteit der Geesteswetenschappen op woensdag 20 maart 2019 om 15.45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 door Nicky Rousseau geboren te Dundee, Zuid-Afrika promotoren: prof.dr.
    [Show full text]
  • AC Vol 43 No 13
    www.africa-confidential.com 28 June 2002 Vol 43 No 13 AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL NIGERIA 3 SOUTH AFRICA Banker versus banker The Central Bank is trying to End of an Alliance impose order on Nigeria’s 100 Squabbles and scandals are now destroying the only opposition banks: many make big profits from which really mattered illicit foreign exchange deals. One The most serious opposition group, the Democratic Alliance (DA), has been gravely wounded by solution would be a single exchange rate, although that could corruption allegations and political misjudgement. The governing African National Congress is sticking put several banks out of business. the knife in deeper with a new law allowing elected representatives to defect to other parties without losing their seats. The ANC stresses that such a law operates in most European parliaments but its clear aim is to give it control of all nine provinces and all main provincial and city councils. FRANCOPHONE WEST In the two opposition-controlled provinces, Western Cape and kwaZulu-Natal, enough opposition AFRICA 4 representatives want to cross the floor to give the ANC majority control. The ANC’s advantage is mainly due to opposition incompetence; the biggest personal loser is the DA’s Tony Leon (45), whose energetic The voters’ friend and pragmatic leadership once rattled the government. After a decade of ‘democratising’ The national parliament passed the Floor-Crossing Legislation on 20 June but opposition parties argue some Francophone countries are that it violates voters’ rights and want the courts to stop it. The case, heard by the Cape High Court on starting to see real change brought about through the ballot box.
    [Show full text]
  • South·Africa in Transition
    POLITICS OF HOPE AND TERROR: South ·Africa in Transition Report on Violence in South Africa by an American Friends Service Committee Study Team November 1992 The American Friends Service Committee's concern over Southern Africa has grown out of over 60 years of relationships since the first visit by a representative of the organization. In 1982 the AFSC Board of Directors approved the release of a full length book, Challenge and Hope, as a statement of its views on South Africa. Since 1977 the AFSC has had a national Southern Africa educational program in its Peace Education Division. AMERICAN FRIENDS SERVICE COMMITTEE 1501 Cherry Street Philadelphia, PA 19102 (215) 241-7000 AFSC REGIONAL OFFICES: Southeastern Region, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, 92 Piedmont Avenue, NE; Middle Atlantic Region, Baltimore, Maryland 21212, 4806 York Road; New England Region, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, 2161 Massachusetts Avenue; Great Lakes Region, Chicago, Illinois 60605, 59 E. Van Buren Street, Suite 1400; North Central Region, Des Moines, Iowa 50312, 4211 Grand Avenue; New York Metropolitan Region, New York, New York 10003, 15 Rutherford Place; Pacific Southwest Region, Pasadena, California 91103, 980 N. Fair Oaks Avenue; Pacific Mountain Region, San Francisco, California 94121,2160 Lake Street; Pacific Northwest Region, Seattle, Washington 98105, 814 N.E. 40th Street. CONTENTS II THE AFSC DELEGATION 1 PREFACE III POLITICS OF HOPE AND TERROR: South Africa in Transition 1 THE BASIC VIOLENCE 2 ANALYZING THE VIOLENCE 5 THE HIDDEN HAND 7 RETALIATION 9 POLICE INVESTIGATIONS 11 LESSONS FROM THE BOIPATONG MASSACRE 12 HOMELAND VIOLENCE IN CISKEI AND KWAZULU 13 HOMELAND LEADERS BUTHELEZI AND GQOZO 16 CONCLUSION 19 RECOMMENDATIONS 20 ACRONYMS 21 TEAM INTERVIEWS AND MEETINGS 22 THE AFSC DELEGATION TO SOUTH AFRICA The American Friends Service Committee's Board of Directors approved a proposal in June 1992 for a delegation to visit South Africa to study the escalating violence there.
    [Show full text]
  • Constitutional Authority and Its Limitations: the Politics of Sexuality in South Africa
    South Africa Constitutional Authority and its Limitations: The Politics of Sexuality in South Africa Belinda Beresford Helen Schneider Robert Sember Vagner Almeida “While the newly enfranchised have much to gain by supporting their government, they also have much to lose.” Adebe Zegeye (2001) A history of the future: Constitutional rights South Africa’s Constitutional Court is housed in an architecturally innovative complex on Constitution Hill, a 100-acre site in central Johannesburg. The site is adjacent to Hillbrow, a neighborhood of high-rise apartment buildings into which are crowded thousands of mi- grants from across the country and the continent. This is one of the country’s most densely populated, cosmopolitan and severely blighted urban areas. From its position atop Constitu- tion Hill, the Court offers views of Hillbrow’s high-rises and the distant northern suburbs where the established white elite and increasing numbers of newly affluent non-white South Africans live. Thus, while the light-filled, colorful and contemporary Constitutional Court buildings reflect the progressive and optimistic vision of post-apartheid South Africa the lo- cation is a reminder of the deeply entrenched inequalities that continue to define the rights of the majority of people in the country and the continent. CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY AND ITS LIMITATIONS: THE POLITICS OF SEXUALITY IN SOUTH AFRICA 197 From the late 1800s to 1983 Constitution Hill was the location of Johannesburg’s central prison, the remains of which now lie in the shadow of the new court buildings. Former prison buildings include a fort built by the Boers (descendents of Dutch settlers) in the late 1800s to defend themselves against the thousands of men and women who arrived following the discovery of the area’s expansive gold deposits.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Ascendance Is/As Moral Rightness: the New Religious Political Right in Post-Apartheid South Africa Part
    Economic Ascendance is/as Moral Rightness: The New Religious Political Right in Post-apartheid South Africa Part One: The Political Introduction If one were to go by the paucity of academic scholarship on the broad New Right in the post-apartheid South African context, one would not be remiss for thinking that the country is immune from this global phenomenon. I say broad because there is some academic scholarship that deals only with the existence of right wing organisations at the end of the apartheid era (du Toit 1991, Grobbelaar et al. 1989, Schönteich 2004, Schönteich and Boshoff 2003, van Rooyen 1994, Visser 2007, Welsh 1988, 1989,1995, Zille 1988). In this older context, this work focuses on a number of white Right organisations, including their ideas of nationalism, the role of Christianity in their ideologies, as well as their opposition to reform in South Africa, especially the significance of the idea of partition in these organisations. Helen Zille’s list, for example, includes the Herstigte Nasionale Party, Conservative Party, Afrikaner People’s Guard, South African Bureau of Racial Affairs (SABRA), Society of Orange Workers, Forum for the Future, Stallard Foundation, Afrikaner Resistance Movement (AWB), and the White Liberation Movement (BBB). There is also literature that deals with New Right ideology and its impact on South African education in the transition era by drawing on the broader literature on how the New Right was using education as a primary battleground globally (Fataar 1997, Kallaway 1989). Moreover, another narrow and newer literature exists that continues the focus on primarily extreme right organisations in South Africa that have found resonance in the global context of the rise of the so-called Alternative Right that rejects mainstream conservatism.
    [Show full text]
  • Trekking Outward
    TREKKING OUTWARD A CHRONOLOGY OF MEETINGS BETWEEN SOUTH AFRICANS AND THE ANC IN EXILE 1983–2000 Michael Savage University of Cape Town May 2014 PREFACE In the decade preceding the dramatic February 1990 unbanning of South Africa’s black liberatory movements, many hundreds of concerned South Africans undertook to make contact with exile leaders of these organisations, travelling long distances to hold meetings in Europe or in independent African countries. Some of these “treks”, as they came to be called, were secret while others were highly publicised. The great majority of treks brought together South Africans from within South Africa and exile leaders of the African National Congress, and its close ally the South African Communist Party. Other treks involved meetings with the Pan Africanist Congress, the black consciousness movement, and the remnants of the Non-European Unity Movement in exile. This account focuses solely on the meetings involving the ANC alliance, which after February 1990 played a central role in negotiating with the white government of F.W. de Klerk and his National Party regime to bring about a new democratic order. Without the foundation of understanding established by the treks and thousands of hours of discussion and debate that they entailed, it seems unlikely that South Africa’s transition to democracy could have been as successfully negotiated as it was between 1990 and the first democratic election of April 1994. The following chronology focuses only on the meetings of internally based South Africans with the African National Congress (ANC) when in exile over the period 1983–1990. Well over 1 200 diverse South Africans drawn from a wide range of different groups in the non- governmental sector and cross-cutting political parties, language, educational, religious and community groups went on an outward mission to enter dialogue with the ANC in exile in a search to overcome the escalating conflict inside South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern 7,5 Afr Ic a Vol
    southern 7,5 afr ic a Vol. IX No.7 August 1976 Whites Still Wield The Guns and Clubs. But for How Long? Vol. IX No. 7 August, 1976 4 OVERVIEW 5 FEATURE South Africa's Propaganda Machine by Barbara Rogers 9 SPECIAL U.S. Shipping: Bolstering South Africa, Exploiting Namibia by Allan D. Cooper 11 SOUTH AFRICA Politics Mass Uprisings in South Africa-One Thousand Killed PAC Members Arrested ANC Members on Trial in Natal Detentions at the University of the North Cl Man Flees New Security Legislation Bantustan Citizenship Other Transkei News Economics Little or No Progress in Companies' South African Policies Heinemann Management Blames Banks the Best Newsbriefs Bantustan Dependency Wage Gap Forever Labor Problems Anglo-American Corporation-Giant Profits Oil Companies Move into the Coal Industry Foreign Affairs The Apartheid-US Dialogue SA Gets Nuclear Help From Its Friends "Middle Level" Power Alliance Detente and Revolt Defense "South Africa's Defence Role": The View from Inside 20 NAMIBIA Death Under the Terrorism Act The Swakopmund Trial and Leaks to the Security Police "No Man's Land" "Terror" International Business in Namibia Turnhalle-The "Constitutional Conference" SWAPO Internal Wing Elects Top Posts i 23 ZIMBABWE Guerilla Attacks Spread and Intensify Smith Uses Chiefs Failure to Stop Guerrillas Mercenaries Sought The "Third Force" 24 A LUTA CONTINUA Guinea-Bissau Inside the Republic On the Foreign Front Cape Verde Cape Verde Ship Joins Bi-Centennial Operation Sail Mozambique Special Mission Reports on Aid to Mozambique Strengthening
    [Show full text]
  • Opposition Party Mobilization in South Africa's Dominant
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Eroding Dominance from Below: Opposition Party Mobilization in South Africa’s Dominant Party System A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science by Safia Abukar Farole 2019 © Copyright by Safia Abukar Farole 2019 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Eroding Dominance from Below: Opposition Party Mobilization in South Africa’s Dominant Party System by Safia Abukar Farole Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Los Angeles, 2019 Professor Kathleen Bawn, Chair In countries ruled by a single party for a long period of time, how does political opposition to the ruling party grow? In this dissertation, I study the growth in support for the Democratic Alliance (DA) party, which is the largest opposition party in South Africa. South Africa is a case of democratic dominant party rule, a party system in which fair but uncompetitive elections are held. I argue that opposition party growth in dominant party systems is explained by the strategies that opposition parties adopt in local government and the factors that shape political competition in local politics. I argue that opposition parties can use time spent in local government to expand beyond their base by delivering services effectively and outperforming the ruling party. I also argue that performance in subnational political office helps opposition parties build a reputation for good governance, which is appealing to ruling party ii. supporters who are looking for an alternative. Finally, I argue that opposition parties use candidate nominations for local elections as a means to appeal to constituents that are vital to the ruling party’s coalition.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This Report
    Military bases and camps of the liberation movement, 1961- 1990 Report Gregory F. Houston Democracy, Governance, and Service Delivery (DGSD) Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) 1 August 2013 Military bases and camps of the liberation movements, 1961-1990 PREPARED FOR AMATHOLE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY: FUNDED BY: NATIONAL HERITAGE COUNCI Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations ..................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... iii Chapter 1: Introduction ...............................................................................................................1 Chapter 2: Literature review ........................................................................................................4 Chapter 3: ANC and PAC internal camps/bases, 1960-1963 ........................................................7 Chapter 4: Freedom routes during the 1960s.............................................................................. 12 Chapter 5: ANC and PAC camps and training abroad in the 1960s ............................................ 21 Chapter 6: Freedom routes during the 1970s and 1980s ............................................................. 45 Chapter 7: ANC and PAC camps and training abroad in the 1970s and 1980s ........................... 57 Chapter 8: The ANC’s prison camps ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa's Water and Dam Safety Legislation: a Commentary and Analysis on the Impact of the World Commission on Dams' Report, Dams and Development Robyn Stein
    American University International Law Review Volume 16 | Issue 6 Article 7 2001 South Africa's Water and Dam Safety Legislation: A Commentary and Analysis on the Impact of the World Commission on Dams' Report, Dams and Development Robyn Stein Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/auilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Stein, Robyn. "South Africa's Water and Dam Safety Legislation: A Commentary and Analysis on the Impact of the World Commission on Dams' Report, Dams and Development." American University International Law Review 16, no. 6 (2001): 1573-1590. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University International Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SOUTH AFRICA'S WATER AND DAM SAFETY LEGISLATION: A COMMENTARY AND ANALYSIS ON THE IMPACT OF THE WORLD COMMISSION ON DAMS' REPORT, DAMS AND DEVELOPMENT PROFESSOR ROBYN STEINO INTRODUCTION ............................................. 1574 I. THE NATIONAL WATER ACT: A RIGHTS-AND-RISK BASED APPROACH ...................................... 1576 II. EQUITY CONSIDERATIONS: FROM A PRIVATE TO A PUBLIC SYSTEM OF WATER USE ALLOCATIONS .... 1581 Ilf. EFFICIENCY: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE
    [Show full text]
  • Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report: Volume 2
    VOLUME TWO Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report The report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was presented to President Nelson Mandela on 29 October 1998. Archbishop Desmond Tutu Ms Hlengiwe Mkhize Chairperson Dr Alex Boraine Mr Dumisa Ntsebeza Vice-Chairperson Ms Mary Burton Dr Wendy Orr Revd Bongani Finca Adv Denzil Potgieter Ms Sisi Khampepe Dr Fazel Randera Mr Richard Lyster Ms Yasmin Sooka Mr Wynand Malan* Ms Glenda Wildschut Dr Khoza Mgojo * Subject to minority position. See volume 5. Chief Executive Officer: Dr Biki Minyuku I CONTENTS Chapter 1 Chapter 6 National Overview .......................................... 1 Special Investigation The Death of President Samora Machel ................................................ 488 Chapter 2 The State outside Special Investigation South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 42 Helderberg Crash ........................................... 497 Special Investigation Chemical and Biological Warfare........ 504 Chapter 3 The State inside South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 165 Special Investigation Appendix: State Security Forces: Directory Secret State Funding................................... 518 of Organisations and Structures........................ 313 Special Investigation Exhumations....................................................... 537 Chapter 4 The Liberation Movements from 1960 to 1990 ..................................................... 325 Special Investigation Appendix: Organisational structures and The Mandela United
    [Show full text]
  • Who Is Governing the ''New'' South Africa?
    Who is Governing the ”New” South Africa? Marianne Séverin, Pierre Aycard To cite this version: Marianne Séverin, Pierre Aycard. Who is Governing the ”New” South Africa?: Elites, Networks and Governing Styles (1985-2003). IFAS Working Paper Series / Les Cahiers de l’ IFAS, 2006, 8, p. 13-37. hal-00799193 HAL Id: hal-00799193 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00799193 Submitted on 11 Mar 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Ten Years of Democratic South Africa transition Accomplished? by Aurelia WA KABWE-SEGATTI, Nicolas PEJOUT and Philippe GUILLAUME Les Nouveaux Cahiers de l’IFAS / IFAS Working Paper Series is a series of occasional working papers, dedicated to disseminating research in the social and human sciences on Southern Africa. Under the supervision of appointed editors, each issue covers a specifi c theme; papers originate from researchers, experts or post-graduate students from France, Europe or Southern Africa with an interest in the region. The views and opinions expressed here remain the sole responsibility of the authors. Any query regarding this publication should be directed to the chief editor. Chief editor: Aurelia WA KABWE – SEGATTI, IFAS-Research director.
    [Show full text]