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Neitsi Maarja. Naine, Ema, Kuninganna

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Neitsi Maarja. Naine, Ema, Kuninganna Näitus Niguliste muuseumis Exhibition at the Niguliste Museum 25.10.2019–26.04.2020 Näituse kuraator / Exhibition curator: Merike Kurisoo NEITSI MAARJA. THE VIRGIN MARY: Tekst / Text: Merike Kurisoo NAINE, EMA, WOMAN, MOTHER, Näituse kujundus / Exhibition design: Liis Lindvere KUNINGANNA QUEEN Graafiline kujundus / Graphic design: Tuuli Aule Tõlge inglise keelde / Translation into English by: Marju Kubre Neitsi Maarja on kõige tähtsam ja The Virgin Mary is the most prominent Keeletoimetajad / Language editors: Klaire Kolmann (eesti keel / Estonian), armastatum naine kristlikus kultuuris. and beloved woman in Christian culture. Richard Adang (inglise keel / English) Tema kohalolu on kestev – nii minevikus, She is a lasting presence: in the past, Fotod / Photos: Stanislav Stepaško (Eesti Kunstimuuseum / Art Museum of Estonia), olevikus kui ka tulevikus. Ta saadab meid the present and the future. She Eesti Rahva Muuseum / Estonian National Museum, Tallinna Linnaarhiiv / Tallinn City Archives, piltides, lugudes, mõtetes, palvetes ja lau- accompanies us through images, stories, Tartu Kunstimuuseum / Tartu Art Museum ludes. Ühtaegu suursugune ja majesteet- thoughts, prayers and songs. A magnifi- Haridusprogramm ja näituseraamat peredele / Educational programme and exhibition book lik kuninganna, hooliv ja armastav ema, cent and majestic queen, a caring and for families: Mia Maria Rohumaa, Mae Kivilo õrn ja tagasihoidlik neiu – neitsi Maarja loving mother, and a gentle and shy kui Jumalaema ühendab endas taevase maiden: as the Mother of God, the ja maise. Paljude sajandite jooksul on ta Virgin Mary embodies both the divine olnud eestkostja ja vahendaja siin- ja teis- and the worldly. Through the centuries, poolsuse vahel, armulik ja halastav ema, she has served as the intercessor and keda me kõik teame, aga kelle lugu meie mediator between the earthly life and mälus vahel tuhmub. the afterlife. She is the gracious and merciful mother we all know, but whose Neitsi Maarja tähendus võib igaühe jaoks story sometimes fades in our memory. erineda: ta kõnetas ja kõnetab inimesi mitmel moel ning tema austamine on The meaning of the Virgin Mary can aegade jooksul kasvanud ja muutunud be different for everyone: she has koos kristluse kujunemisega. Pildid addressed and still addresses people Maarjast on täis tähendusi ja sümboleid, in different ways, and venerating her mis ei ole üheselt kinnistunud ja mida on has grown over the course of time sajandite jooksul tõlgendatud mitmeti. and changed with the development Neitsi Maarja kujutised kätkevad endas of Christianity. The images of Mary tema kohalolu: nende kaudu on ta siin are filled with meaning and symbols Täname / We thank: Hedi Kard, Liina Olmaru, Eva Eensaar-Tootsen, Kaarel Eelma, ja praegu. which do not seem ambiguous, but Tõnu Narro, Mati Schönberg which have been interpreted differ- Kristliku kultuuriruumi kahel kõige ently through the centuries. The images Toetaja / With the support of: olulisemal pilditüübil näeme koos ema presenting Mary embrace her presence: ja poega. Pildid, mis kujutavad neitsi through them she is here and now. Maarjat koos Kristuslapsega, tähistavad Two of the most important types kõige algust ja sündi, jagades vaatajaga of images in the Christian culture Väljaandja Eesti Kunstimuuseum – Niguliste muuseum 2019 lähedust ning soojust ema ja poja, depict the Mother and Son together. Published by the Art Museum of Estonia – Niguliste Museum 2019 Jumalaema ja inimeste vahel, samas kui The image of the Virgin Mary with the NEITSI MAARJA THE FAMILY OF teostel ristilöödud Kristusest koos emaga Christ Child celebrates the beginning PERE THE VIRGIN MARY on esitatud Jumala poja maise teekonna of all things and birth, sharing with lõppu. Nende piltide hingeline laetus the viewer the closeness and warmth on sajandite jooksul aidanud mõista between the Mother and Son, the Neitsi Maarja perekonna kujutamine The presentation of the family of the Jumalaema rõõme ja kannatusi ning Mother of God and humanity. The on seotud Kristuse kui Jumala poja Virgin Mary is connected with the sig- neist osa saada. image of the crucified Christ with his inimliku olemuse ja inimeseks sündimise nificance of the human nature of Christ mother presents the end of the journey olulisusega. Piiblis neitsi põlvnemist ja as the Son of God and his being born Näitus räägib loo kristliku maailma kõige of the Son of God here on Earth. Such vanemaid ei mainita, esimesed lood on as a human being. The Bible does not tuntuma naise elust, esitades seda läbi spiritually charged images have, over kirja pandud varakristlikul ajal. Sajandite mention the descent and parents of the kesk- ja varauusaegsete kunstiteoste – time, helped the viewer to partake in, jooksul tekkis kümneid uusi legende, Virgin, and the first stories were writ- altariretaablite, maalide, skulptuuride ja comprehend and experience the joys mis seoti perekonnalooga. Maarja emast ten down during the period of Early esemete. Kõik need on ajalooliselt pärit and sorrows of the Mother of God. Annast kujunes üks armastatumaid Christianity. In the course of centuries, keskaegse Liivimaa (Eesti ja Läti) püha- pühakuid: teda austati kui mõjuvõimsat dozens of new legends connected to kodadest ning nende elukulg on tihedalt The exhibition tells of the life of vanaema ja ema. Hiliskeskajal tõusis her family history arose. Mary’s mother, seotud kohaliku ajalooga. Seeläbi saab the most prominent woman in the keskseks kogu neitsi Maarja emapoolse Anne, developed into one of the most nähtavaks neitsi Maarja tähendus ja Christian world through medieval and suguvõsa kultus, mis oli kokku seatud beloved saints: she was venerated as an kohalolu siinses kultuurimälus. Teekond Early Modern art: altarpieces, paint- seletamaks Uues Testamendis esinevaid influential grandmother and mother. läbi neitsi Maarja loo kulgeb teoste kaudu, ings, sculptures and objects. All of them lahknevusi Jeesuse perekonna ja During the Late Middle Ages, the entire millel on oma elukäik ja rännak ajas. historically originate from the churches lähedaste osas. Hiljem lisati sugupuusse cult of the Holy Kinship became a focal of medieval Livonia (present day Esto- Anna vanemad Emerentia ja Stollanus point, having been compiled with the nia and Latvia) and their stories closely ning õde Esmeria, kellest põlvnes Ristija purpose of explaining the discrepan- relate to the local history. Through Johannes. Maarja emapoolse suguvõsa cies in the New Testament pertaining this art, the significance and presence austamine peegeldas ka pere- ja to Jesus’s family and next of kin. Later, of the Virgin Mary in the local cultural sugulussuhete olulisust keskajal. Samuti Anne’s parents Emerentia and Stollanus memory becomes obvious. The journey oli see seotud neitsi Maarja puhtuse were added to the family tree, as well through the story of the Virgin Mary ehk pärispatuta eostamise õpetusega. as Anne’s sister Esmeria, who John the proceeds through works of art that Baptist was descended from. Venerat- possess their own narratives and paths ing the Virgin Mary’s maternal family through time. also reflected the importance of family relations in the Middle Ages. Simultane- ously, it was linked to teachings about the purity of the Virgin Mary, and the Immaculate Conception. PÜHA ANNA KAPPALTAR ST ANNE ALTARPIECE Algne asukoht: Pühalepa kirik. 15. sajandi Original location: the Pühalepa church. Second teine pool. Eesti Kunstimuuseum half of the 15th century. Art Museum of Estonia „Anna ise kolmas“ ehk kolmikgrupp Anna Herself the Third, the group püha Anna, neitsi Maarja ja Kristus- presenting St Anne, the Virgin Mary and lapsega sümboliseerib maist kolmainsust the Christ Child, symbolises the earthly ning esitleb Kristuse emapoolset põlvne- trinity and introduces the maternal mist. Kappaltari korpuses troonib püha family of Christ. St Anne is enthroned in Anna. Tema vasakul põlvel istub väikese the corpus of the altarpiece. The Virgin tüdrukuna kujutatud neitsi Maarja, kelle Mary, depicted as a young girl, is sitting kroon osutab talle kui tulevasele Jumala- on her left knee, wearing a crown as a emale. Kristuslapse figuur ei ole säilinud. reference to being the future mother Anna taga on aupaiste osalise tekstiga of Christ. The figure of the Christ Child „SANCTA ANNA“, korpuse alumises has not survived. Behind Anne, a nimbus servas on loetavad sõnad „Jhesus Anna is visible with a partial text: “SANCTA Maria“. Hiiumaal Pühalepa kirikus asu- ANNA”; on the lower edge of the nud väike kappaltar viidi Esimese maa- corpus, the words “Jhesus Anna Maria” ilmasõja eel Riiga, kust see jõudis Eesti are legible. The altarpiece, from the NEITSI MAARJA SUGUPUU THE FAMILY TREE OF THE VIRGIN MARY Kunstimuuseumi kogusse 1922. aastal. Pühalepa church on the island of Joonistus Tallinna dominiiklaste kloostri A drawing from the manuscript from Hiiumaa, was taken to Riga before the raamatukogus asunud käsikirjast the book from the library of the Tallinn „Innocentius III. Ritus celebrandi offcium Dominican Friary, Innocentius III. Ritus celebrandi First World War, whence it reached missae. Tractatus de sacramentis. Versus“. offcium missae. Tractatus de sacramentis. Versus. the collections of the Art Museum of 13.–14. sajand. Tallinna Linnaarhiiv 13th–14th century. Tallinn City Archives Estonia in 1922. PÜHA HÕIMKONNA ALTARIRETAABEL THE HOLY KINSHIP ALTARPIECE koos karmeliidi munkadega, saades ilmu- story of Anne’s life, when her venera- Algne asukoht: üks Tallinna kirikutest. Original location: one of the churches of tuse, et
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