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On the Road with Kālidāsa

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On the Road with Kālidāsa Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem Bölcsészettudományi Kar Doktori Disszertáció Száler Péter On the Road with Kālidāsa COUNTRIES, CITIES AND SACRED PLACES Nyelvtudományi Doktori Iskola Vezető: Dr Tolcsvai Nagy Gábor, DSc Ókortudomány Doktori Program Vezető: Dr Déri Balázs, PhD A bizottság tagjai és tudományos fokozatuk: Dr Déri Balázs, PhD (elnök) Dr Balogh Dániel, PhD (bíráló) Dr Ruzsa Ferenc, DSc (bíráló) Dr Ittzés Máté, PhD (titkár) Dr Renner Zsuzsanna, PhD (tag) Dr Hidas Gergely, DPhil (póttag) Dr Négyesi Mária, PhD (póttag) Témavezető: Dr Dezső Csaba, DPhil Budapest, 2019. ADATLAP a doktori értekezés nyilvánosságra hozatalához I. A doktori értekezés adatai A szerző neve: Száler Péter MTMT-azonosító: 10052234 A doktori értekezés címe és alcíme: On the Road with Kālidāsa. Countries, Cities and Sacred Places. DOI-azonosító: 10.15476/ELTE2019.112 A doktori iskola neve: Nyelvtudományi Doktori Iskola A doktori iskolán belüli doktori program neve: Ókortudomány A témavezető neve és tudományos fokozata: Dr Dezső Csaba, DPhil A témavezető munkahelye: ELTE BTK, Indológia Tanszék II. Nyilatkozatok 1. A doktori értekezés szerzőjeként a) hozzájárulok, hogy a doktori fokozat megszerzését követően a doktori értekezésem és a tézisek nyilvánosságra kerüljenek az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban. Felhatalmazom az ELTE BTK Doktori és Tudományszervezési Iroda ügyintézőjét, hogy az értekezést és a téziseket feltöltse az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárba, és ennek során kitöltse a feltöltéshez szükséges nyilatkozatokat. b) kérem, hogy a mellékelt kérelemben részletezett szabadalmi, illetőleg oltalmi bejelentés közzétételéig a doktori értekezést ne bocsássák nyilvánosságra az Egyetemi Könyvtárban és az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban; c) kérem, hogy a nemzetbiztonsági okból minősített adatot tartalmazó doktori értekezést a minősítés (dátum)-ig tartó időtartama alatt ne bocsássák nyilvánosságra az Egyetemi Könyvtárban és az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban; d) kérem, hogy a mű kiadására vonatkozó mellékelt kiadó szerződésre tekintettel a dok- tori értekezést a könyv megjelenéséig ne bocsássák nyilvánosságra az Egyetemi Könyvtárban, és az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban csak a könyv bibliográfiai adatait tegyék közzé. Ha a könyv a fokozatszerzést követőn egy évig nem jelenik meg, hozzájárulok, hogy a doktori értekezésem és a tézisek nyilvánosságra kerüljenek az Egyetemi Könyvtárban és az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban. 2. A doktori értekezés szerzőjeként kijelentem, hogy Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Csaba Dezső. His deep knowledge was undisputedly the greatest help in writing this dissertation. My thanks are also due to Balázs Déri who admitted my research in a doctoral pro- gramme in antiquities. In this way, I am grateful for the full scholarship provided by Eötvös Loránd University and for the support offered by the ÚNKP-18-13 New Na- tional Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities. I say thank to those eminent scholars, including my teachers and friends, who, in various forms, helped my work, particularly Dániel Balogh, Roland Ferenczi, Balázs Gaál, Gergely Hidas, Máté Ittzés, Csaba Kiss, Gábor Kósa, Mária Négyesi, Sándor Pajor, Ferenc Ruzsa, Miklós Sárközy and Ibolya Tóth. Besides, I offer thanks to Mari- ann Matuska for proofreading and polishing my English. Last but not least, I am grateful to my family, especially to my wife, Tímea, who never failed to encourage me during my work. Finally, I express my gratitude to my late grandfather, who was the very first reader of the following pages, and who had lent me Baktay’s Hungarian résumé of the Mahābhārata, an excellent book impelling me to learn Sanskrit. Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................. 7 Technical Remarks .............................................................................................. 11 Kālidāsa and the World ........................................................................................... 13 Pūrvadeśa ............................................................................................................ 18 Bengal .............................................................................................................. 20 Raghu’s flood ............................................................................................... 26 Utkala and Kaliṅga .......................................................................................... 29 Raghu tames the Kaliṅgan elephant ............................................................. 31 Dakṣiṇāpatha ...................................................................................................... 37 Raghu cajoles the South ............................................................................... 46 Paścimadeśa ......................................................................................................... 53 Aparānta .......................................................................................................... 53 Raghu on Paraśurāma’s field ........................................................................ 60 Persia ............................................................................................................... 71 Raghu, the ascetic ........................................................................................ 78 Uttarapatha ......................................................................................................... 86 Bactria ............................................................................................................. 87 The North warms up ................................................................................... 93 The Himālayan region ..................................................................................... 98 The meeting of the emperors ..................................................................... 106 Prāgjyotiṣa ..................................................................................................... 115 The deification of Raghu ............................................................................ 118 Concluding words ............................................................................................. 121 Kālidāsa and the Country ...................................................................................... 123 Pristine Space .................................................................................................... 127 The Ocean ..................................................................................................... 133 Viṣṇu and the ocean ................................................................................... 134 The king of the waters ................................................................................ 140 The Himālaya ................................................................................................ 152 Śiva’s home ................................................................................................ 154 The Mountain king .................................................................................... 162 Between two worldviews ................................................................................ 173 Cultivated Space ................................................................................................ 176 Rural Space .................................................................................................... 178 The Forest .................................................................................................. 181 The Village ................................................................................................ 185 The Āśrama ................................................................................................ 188 Places of pilgrimage .................................................................................... 198 Urban Space .................................................................................................. 203 Pāṭaliputra ................................................................................................. 208 Ayodhyā ..................................................................................................... 209 Ujjayinī ...................................................................................................... 216 Vidiśā ......................................................................................................... 230 Mathurā ..................................................................................................... 236 Concluding words ............................................................................................. 246 Kālidāsa and the Home ......................................................................................... 249 Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 257 Appendices ............................................................................................................ 260 Citations ........................................................................................................... 261 Maps ................................................................................................................. 325 Bibliography ........................................................................................................
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