Environment Prevention of Global Warming
Due to the fact that the level of CO2 emissions from railways is low in comparison to cars and other means of transportation and that electric trains do not directly emit any CO2 during operation since their power source is electricity, railways are considered a relatively environmentally friendly means of getting from one point to the next. The whole of the JR East organization, however, consumed 56.4 billion MJ of energy (equivalent to 1.46 million kL of crude oil) in fiscal 2001 in the course of providing services to about 5.9 billion customers on an annual basis. Accompanying this enormous consumption of energy, we emitted 2.29 million tons of CO2, an amount equivalent to 0.2% of Japan’s total emissions. For this reason, by stepping up our efforts to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions, JR East is contributing to the prevention of global warming.
Target value Fiscal 2001 Reference value Item (figure from (to be met by fiscal 2005) Actual achievement Value achieved fiscal 1990)
CO2 emissions in general business activities 20% 17% 2.29 million t-CO2 2.76 million t-CO2
CO2 emissions in proportion to unit electric power generation at company-run thermoelectric power plant 30% 26% 539 g-CO2/kWh 726 g-CO2/kWh
Ratio of energy-saving railcars 80% 63% － －
Energy consumption for train operations in proportion to unit transportation volume 15% 9% 18.8 MJ/car-km 20.6 MJ/car-km
purchased from power companies with energy Energy supply and requirements augmented by other types of fuel. consumption by JR East The former energy is used for the operation of electric trains and the lighting and air JR East’s energy supply consists of electric conditioning of stations and offices, while other power and other energy such as light oil. The forms of energy such as light oil and kerosene electricity is generated by company-run are consumed in the operation of diesel cars and thermoelectric power plants and hydroelectric air conditioning of stations and offices. power plants, along with electric power
*1 As figures represent a historical comparison, the Federation of Electric City gas, kerosene, fuel oil Fossil fuels Light oil, kerosene, heavy oil, etc.
Power Companies Japan CO2 Input emission coefficient for fiscal 1990 is used; substitution of the fiscal 2000 CO2 1.12 CO2 1.16� CO2 0.24� coefficient would result in a figure of 1 million t-CO2 million t-CO2* million t-CO2 1.02 million tons.
*2 Equivalent to the annual electric power to electric power Conversion consumption of 1.73 million Electric power generated by Electric power generated company-run thermoelectric households. (“Electric Power Annual” by company-run power plant hydroelectric power plant Electric power purchased issued by the Federation of Electric 1.98 billion kWh 1.54 billion kWh� 2.75 billion kWh Power Companies Japan) 31％ 25％� 44％�
*3 Equivalent to 1.18 times the estimated capacity of the Tokyo Dome stadium.
� 97,000 kL of crude oil � Electric power consumption: 6.27 billion kWh*2 （58.2 billion MJ）� Energy consumption ratio Equivalent to （3.8 billion MJ）� Operation of Supply to other Operation of Stations, offices, Operation of conventional lines� Shinkansen lines Stations, offices, etc.�companies conventional etc. lines� 3.15 billion kWh 1.14 billion kWh�1.38 billion kWh 0.60 68,000 kL billion kWh� 29,000 kL 50％� 18％� 22％� 10％�
Other 3 Energy consumption: 56.4 billion MJ (equivalent to1.46 million kL of crude oil)* companies Operation of JR Freight Operation of conventional lines� Shinkansen lines Stations, offices, etc.� and others 30.4 billion MJ 10.6 billion MJ� 15.4 billion MJ� �
％ ％� ％� 5.6 54 19 27 billion MJ� �
Energy map for JR East
14 Achieving efficient use of weight and using regenerative brakes*1, the *1 Regenerative brake: A brake that regenerative brake cars reduce operating power uses a motor to generate electric energy power that is sent back to overhead consumption to 66% of older models such as the wires for subsequent use. rheostatic control model (103 series, etc.). *2 VVVF inverter control: VVVF stands Volume of energy consumption and VVVF cars likewise reduce operating power for “variable voltage variable CO2 emissions frequency,” an inverter that can consumption to just 47% of older models through efficiently control motor revolutions Mainly because of the reduction of energy the use of VVVF inverter control*2. Regenerative without electrical resistance. consumed through train operations and the brake cars include the 205 series operated on increase in efficiency of our company-run the Saikyo and Keiyo Lines. In addition, VVVF thermoelectric power, energy consumption in cars include the 209 and E231 series that have fiscal 2001 was 56.4 billion MJ, while CO2 already been operating on the Keihin-Tohoku, emissions amounted to 2.29 million tons, a 6% Sobu, Utsunomiya, Takasaki, and Joban Lines. reduction from fiscal 2000. The percentage We started to introduce this series into the reduction in CO2 emissions from fiscal 1990 was Yamanote Line in fiscal 2002. We also have 17%, a 5-point increase from fiscal 2000. introduced new types of VVVF cars into express cars. In fiscal 2001, we employed the E257 Reduction of energy for train operations series for “Kaiji” and “Azusa” railcars operated
In order to reduce energy for train operations, on the Chuo Line. E231 series which accounts for 73% of the total energy On our conventional rail lines, we have consumed by JR East, we actively employ introduced new types of diesel railcars such as energy saving trains. As a result, in fiscal 2001, the Kiha 110 series, featuring lighter bodies and the number of energy-saving railcars (7,842) as clean, fuel-efficient new engines. We also a percentage of the total railcars (12,369) was refitted older railcars with new engines. 63%, while the energy required to move one railcar one kilometer (energy consumed in proportion to unit transportation) declined to 18.8 E257 series MJ. Currently, our conventional railcars include three models, a rheostatic control model, a regenerative brake model and a VVVF model. On a regenerative brake model, by reducing
E2 series
●Energy consumption volume ●Total CO2 emission volume Company-run thermoelectric power plant Energy for stations and office buildings Purchased electric power Energy for operation of Shinkansen lines Other types of fuel Energy for operation of conventional lines Energy consumption by JR East
（billion MJ）� 312 (ten thousand t-CO2) 60 58.6 59.2 59.3 58.7 59.0 300 289 56.4 284 278 38 266 27 26 24 252 50 14.8 15.4 15.3 15.3 16.0 15.4 27 24 220
40 200 9.2 11.4 11.8 11.6 111 120 119 120 120 116 11.3 10.6 30
276 259 256 253 244 229
20 100
34.6 32.5 32.2 31.9 31.8 30.4 10 163 141 139 133 119 112
0 0 '90 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '90 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '05 (reference value) (target value)
*Purchased electric power and electric power generated by the *Calculation of CO2 emission factor from fuel and purchased company-run hydroelectric plant were calculated based on 9.42 electric power was based on the emission factor set forth in the MJ/kWh. The electric power generated by the company-run Voluntary Action Plan established by Japan Business Federation thermoelectric power plant and other fuel types were calculated and by the Federation of Electric Power Companies Japan. based on the figures for actual consumption of fuel.
15 Environment
We also have introduced lighter bodies, ●Energy consumption during train operations regenerative brakes and VVVF inverter control and unit transportation volume into new types of railcars for Shinkansen lines, and have enhanced energy-saving effects; for Transported volume (billion car-km) Energy consumption for train operations instance, the realization of flat, smooth bodies to (billion MJ) Energy consumption in proportion to unit reduce air resistance generated during high transportation volume (MJ/car-km) （ billion car-km）� speed travel. （billion MJ） （MJ/car-km）� 2.2 50 20.6 21 20.3 In addition, we have been trying to improve the 20.1 20.1 efficiency of air conditioning systems. In some 19.7 18.8 railway sections, by introducing an open/shut system for several of the doors or a semi- 17.5 automatic door system (where customers open
and close only those doors required to board or 44.0 43.8 44.0 43.5 43.1 41.0 alight from the train by pushing a door button), 2.1 25 15 we are endeavoring to prevent unnecessary
temperature fluctuations in railcars. 2.14 2.18 2.18 2.14 2.19 2.18 Tokyo Monorail Co., Ltd., which joined the JR ●Comparison by car type of East Group in fiscal 2001, has introduced a new energy consumption during train operations type of VVVF inverter control-based energy- saving car (2000 series) into monorail services 2.0 0 9 '90 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '05 （％）� for the first time in fiscal 1997. At the end of 100 100 (reference value) (target value) fiscal 2001, 18 out of a total of 114 cars were the
66 2000 series. Like JR East’s VVVF cars, the 2000 series uses regenerative brakes and also 50 47 reduces weight.
0 103 series 205 series 209/E231 series Rheostatic Regenerative VVVF cars control cars brake cars
Weight reduction ●Introduction of energy-saving cars
Built-in regenerative brakes VVVF cars New-type cars Built-in VVVF Regenerative brake cars inverters Energy-saving cars New-type engines Rheostatic control cars Conventional cars Old-type cars
（Unit）� （Unit） （Unit）� 11,000 10,710 1,500 10,615 10,496 10,537 10,588 1,000
1,146 1,110 1,122 5,541 5,108 4,793 4,374 3,953 1,096 1,080 1,000 592 588 567 579 547 768 704 630 574 468 5,500 106 500 154 140 140 111 Door open/shut button Energy-saving cars Energy-saving cars Energy-saving cars 3,339 3,339 3,339 3,339 3,339 500 218 215 180 189 226
328 406 492 572 612 220 233 247 247 247 1,735 2,049 2,405 2,875 3,418 0 0 0 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 Electric cars on conventional lines Shinkansen cars Diesel cars on conventional lines
Tokyo Monorail 2000 series
16 Energy saving in motor vehicle operations JR East uses 3,300 service vehicles to maintain facilities and transport equipment and materials. We have started to introduce low-pollution vehicles such as fuel-efficient automobiles and hybrid cars, and owned 5 hybrid cars at the end of fiscal 2001. JR Bus Kanto Co., Ltd. and JR Bus Tohoku Co., Ltd., which operate the buses, are implementing eco-driving practices such as the introduction of Battery-powered road sweeper one hybrid vehicle and 32 idling stop cars, strict observance of fuel-saving speeds and enforcement of idling stop. JR East Logistics Energy savings at stations and Co., Ltd., which operates transportation and office buildings home delivery businesses, started to introduce We are working to reduce energy consumption motor trucks powered by natural gas in fiscal at JR East’s stations and station buildings. We 2001, and 11 out of a total of 213 vehicles used have already installed cogeneration systems - natural gas at the end of this fiscal term. We will using power generation and exhaust heat for continue to actively introduce more natural gas hot-water supply and heating/cooling - at Sendai vehicles in the future. In addition, by equipping Station, Machida Station Building, and the all vehicles with digital tachographs, we are General Training Center (Shirakawa City, promoting detailed eco-driving practices based Fukushima Prefecture), and started to operate on the data collected by the tachographs. JR similar systems at Morioka Station in June 2002. East Rental & Lease Co., Ltd. also introduced Furthermore, we have introduced 102 gas heat hybrid vehicles for use as station rental cars and pump air-conditioners mainly at stations and had 13 hybrid cars at the end of fiscal 2001. offices in the Tohoku district in order to provide Moreover, East Japan Eco Access Co., Ltd., efficient air-conditioning. which operates cleaning and maintenance businesses, is replacing older types of engines Energy saving in houses built for sale in their road sweepers (automatic floor cleaner) The JR East Group has introduced double- with battery-powered ones, and has so far glazed windows and total heat exchange converted 238 out of 248 units. ventilation systems into some condominiums of the View Parc series to help customers save energy after purchasing their condominium.
Hybrid bus
Natural gas truck
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Efficient supply of energy Effective use of hydropower generation Hydropower generation can produce clean Utilization of networks energy without emitting greenhouse gases and JR’s demand for electric power fluctuates toxic substances. JR East’s Shinano River throughout the day, reaching a peak during the Power Plant consists of the Sente Power Plant rush hour. For this reason, we control electricity (Kawanishi-cho, Niigata Prefecture), Ojiya Power production and the network of transmission lines Plant and Shinojiya Power Plant (Ojiya City, and transformers to efficiently incorporate Niigata Prefecture), and has a maximum power thermoelectric, hydroelectric and purchased power output of 449,000 kW while annually generating based on demand variation. We do this through a 1.5-1.6 billion kWh, depending on annual rainfall. central load-dispatching command facility. All these power plants have regulating reservoirs since they focus on generating power during the morning and evening rush hours. We have been cooperating with the Shinano River Construction Office of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport to improve water environments in the middle reaches of the government-controlled Shinano River since fiscal 2001, and have increased the discharge volume from a dam on a trial basis during the summer, the period in which water temperature rises, and during the Load-dispatching command facility fall, the salmon-running period.
Achieving greater energy efficiency at our thermoelectric power plant Our Kawasaki Thermoelectric Power Plant, located in the Keihin industrial belt, has four power-generating units on a 6.6 ha site with a total power output of 655,000 kW. Currently three of these generating units operate as an *Combined-cycle power-generating unit: A power-generating unit that combines efficient combined-cycle power-generating unit*. gas turbines (turbines are rotated by By optimizing the operation of these power- Shinano River Power Plant gas combustion) and steam turbines generating units and operating them efficiently, (heated steam is used to rotate turbines). CO2 emissions generated from the Kawasaki Power Plant in fiscal 2001 totaled 1.12 million Use of natural energy tons while the ratio of emission volume to unit In addition to these power sources, we use new
electric power generation was 539 g-CO2/kWh. forms of natural energy. Photovoltaic generators have been installed on the roof of the ●Electric power generation and CO2 emission volume Shinkansen platform at Tokyo Station, on the at the company-run thermoelectric power plant roof of the training building at the General Volume of electric power generation at the company- run thermoelectric power plant (billion kWh) Training Center and on the roof of the CO2 emission volume (1,000 t-CO2) Shinkansen platform at Takasaki Station. A CO2 emission volume in proportion to unit electric power generation (g-CO2/kWh) photovoltaic generator has been integrated into （billion kWh）（�1,000 t-CO2）� （g-CO2/kWh） the material of the roofs over the Shinkansen
3 1,650 726 750 platforms, particularly at Takasaki Station.
581 580 567 544 539 508 2 1,100 500
1,630 1,410 1,390 1,330 1,190 1,120
1 550 2.24 2.43 2.40 2.35 2.19 2.08 250
Photovoltaic generators in Takasaki Station 0 0 0 '90 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '05 (reference value) (target value) 18 Reduction of CO2 Intermodal transportation ●Energy consumption and Since customer travel is restricted to fixed routes CO2 emissions by emissions through the transportation mode on railways, we have to make further efforts to transportation system Consumed energy (MJ/passenger-km) completely satisfy the requirements of individual CO2 emission volume（g-CO2 /passenger-km）� users. JR East is therefore promoting Railway environmental priority intermodal transportation that integrates other (MJ/passenger-km) （g-CO2 /passenger-km）� 4 200 Considering energy consumption per unit transport modes such as automobiles before and transportation volume and CO2 emission volume after using rail services. 172 per unit transportation volume, there is clear 3 150 evidence showing that railways impose less Up to now 2.72 burden on the environment than other modes of Home transportation in Japan. JR East has 110 99 consistently implemented measures to reduce 2 100 1.66 stress on the environment. It has exceeded the average for the total railway system throughout 1 50 Japan in this regard. 0.81
0.43 0.34 18 Railway access 15
In order to utilize railways’ greater environmental 0 JR East Railways Buses Private automobilesAirlines 0 advantages, we are working to improve railway systems by which customers can travel directly Destination to their destinations without automobiles. For example, utilizing the Shinkansen we provide Choosing a means of transport National transportation volume and that offers reduced environmental burden energy consumption in fiscal 2000, CO2 direct access to the Gala-Yuzawa ski resort emission volume in fiscal 1999 From now on (Yuzawa-cho, Niigata Prefecture), allowing Home Passenger-km: The number of customers to start skiing without having to passengers transported multiplied by distance transfer to other modes of transportation after Park & Ride traveled. Station alighting from the train. parking lot Note: Based on “The Survey on In addition, we have been operating the Narita Transport Energy 2001·2002” Station except for the data of JR East Express that starts from various points in the Tokyo metropolitan area since 1991. By using this train, customers can reach Narita Bringing a bicycle onto International Airport without having to change Station the train trains. Low-priced rent-a-car Destination Rail & Rent-a-Car
Image of intermodal transportation
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●Rail & Rent-a-Car In addition, we offer bicycle rentals, mainly at JR East is promoting a Rail & Rent-a-Car stations at tourist spots. In 2001, we operated a program in which customers can rent cars at special train with a bicycle-only car as a new their arrival stations and travel everywhere. program for bringing bicycles onto the train. This Customers who buy JR tickets and rent-a-car was done in conjunction with a cycling event tickets at the same time, and who satisfy certain held along the Koumi Line. distance requirements, are offered discounts on both the rail and car rental portions. In 1995, JR East began offerings its Torenta-Kun discount car rental service that was priced at roughly half the typical market price. Thereafter, the level of usage for this program, about 51,000 in fiscal 1994, was significantly increased. In addition, we are promoting relocation and renewal of the
offices so that customers can change to rent-a- Traincle cars more easily and swiftly.
●Use of Rail & Rent-a-Car
（1,000 uses）� 150 148 142 139 133
121 Bicycle rental
100 Rent-a-car office entrance Eliminating traffic jams
JR East contributes to reduction of CO2 emissions generated from traffic jams by 50 replacing grade crossings with overpasses, with the cooperation of municipalities. We are currently constructing continuous overhead crossings to allow removal of grade crossings at 0 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 Hybrid-type rent-a-car 3 points. Based on the ongoing construction project of continuous overhead crossings ●Switching from bus to train tours between Mitaka and Tachikawa on the Chuo In fiscal 2000, JR East began to organize bus Line, we plan to remove 18 grade crossings on a tours starting from the Tokyo metropolitan area 13.1 km section of track. avoiding traffic jams in the area by partly using Shinkansen or express trains in the first 100 to
150 km from central Tokyo. This reduces CO2 emissions from vehicles that would otherwise be stuck in traffic jams and ensures tour punctuality.
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