Social Infrastructure Social Infrastructure Systems

Mass Production of Electric Control Units for Electric Power Steering Systems Demand has risen for electric power steering (EPS) systems, which utilize an electric motor for their operation, accompanying improvements in fuel efficiency and the overall computerization of automotive vehicles. An EPS is Infrastructure Social equipped with an electric control unit (ECU) that calculates the appropriate assistance power for steering and supplies the required electric power to the motor. A line for the mass production of ECUs for EPS systems has been built at Information Equipment (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd. (TIH), and production ECU for EPS systems and shipment commenced in January 2014. Because the ECU of an EPS system is classified as a critical safety part, which must have high safety and reliability, measures have been established to ensure high quality in the production line at TIH. These measures include thorough supplier management, prevention of the outflow of defective prod- Systems Infrastructure Social ucts, statistical process control to prevent defects in each process, a traceabil- ity system to record process information and verification results, and training in quality manufacturing. A key feature of the ECUs produced at TIH is the adoption of a bare chip surface packaging structure consisting of a field-effect transistor (FET) and copper connector, thereby achieving both miniaturization and cost reduction. Toshiba is the first in the industry to realize this technology(*). These units also provide a fail-safe mechanism without the need for a redundant proces- sor structure through the use of a microprocessor that provides enhanced Production line for ECUs for EPS systems functional safety.

(*) As of December 2014 (as researched by Toshiba)

Propulsion System Consisting of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors and Traction Inverters Incorporating SiC Diodes for Series 1000 EMUs of Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd. Toshiba has delivered a propulsion system, consisting of totally enclosed permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) and variable-voltage vari- able-frequency (VVVF) traction inverters incorporating silicon carbide (SiC) diodes, for the third-generation Series 1000 electric multiple units (EMUs) of Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd. This is the world’s first propulsion system that employs VVVF traction inverters incorporating SiC diodes to drive PMSMs(*). Series 1000 EMU of Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd. A new control scheme suitable for SiC diodes has been applied and the designs of the PMSMs and filter reactor have been improved for increased efficiency. Our in-house test results show that our propulsion system achieves a reduc- tion of 3.9% in tractive power consumption and an increase of 3.0% in regen-

erative power. We will further verify the energy-saving capacity of the system SiC VVVF traction inverter in the commercial operation of the third-generation Series 1000 EMUs. Part of this system’s development was carried out under the “Research and Development of High Efficiency, Compact Inverter System Technology with High Voltage SiC Power Devices” supported by the Innovative Energy Conservation Technology Development Project of the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). PMSM (*) As of September 2014 (as researched by Toshiba) 31 PMSM for 305 series EMUs of C151 seriesC151 train refurbished with PMSMs undergoingtesting , are free of ) * ( tion motor with a rated efficiency 97% of motor Samarium cobalt magnets (SmCo) serve as the permanent Kyushu Railway CompanyKyushu has introduced series the new 305 In the summer of 2013, we were awarded we a contractIn the summer SMRT by 2013, of The permanent magnet synchronous motor which (PMSM), a totally embarked of enclosed, on the development Toshiba The salient features propulsion system the are PMSM of as The testing cars of equipped with our systembeing is con- Operation the series 305 of EMUs on the (in ) As September researched of (as 2014 by Toshiba) * magnets in this highly energy-saving and maintenance-freeenclosed type These PMSM. SmCo magnets, which are being utilized the for first time to drive railway vehicles EMUs as a replacement series the EMUs for 103 running on the Chikuhi Line. The series 305 are thefirst mass-produced EMUs within the JR Group to incorporate a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in the main circuit system. employs permanentemploys magnets in is a highly the rotor, efficient traction motor that can serve the components as key one of in realizing an energy-saving propulsion system rolling for stock. typeself-cooled an at early stage PMSM and commercialized a propulsion system using this PMSM. Since then, we have recorded many achievements in theJapanese railway market. ( Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Incorporating Magnet SmCo for 305 Series EMUs of Kyushu Railway Company follows: • energy-saving performance due to the highly efficient trac- • easy maintenance achieved by the totally enclosed main • with noise, ventilation low reduced dBA. noise about 12 by testingducted track smoothly on SMRT’s and the main line. deployment of our highly efficient PMSM propulsion system system propulsion Corporation a railway operator Ltd. (SMRT), in Singapore, PMSM for first the is This cars). (396 efficient propulsion systema PMSM to refurbish the existing sets DC motor train series highly C151 66 of our systems of deployment outside Japan. Permanent Magnet SynchronousMotor Propulsion System for C151 Series Trains of SMRT Corporation Ltd., Singapore rare-earth elements, which are vulnerable to risk. supply The Materials andmagnet Toshiba Co., Toshiba, was by developed Ltd. took charge its mass of production. mutual operation with the Fukuoka Municipal Subway Kuko Line) commenced in stages beginning inKyushu February Railway Company completed 2015. the commercial intro- duction all six of train sets as scheduled in March 2015. 32

Social Infrastructure Social Infrastructure Systems 3.3 kV SiC Hybrid IGBT for Vehicle Controller in 3000 Series EMUs of Nishi-Nippon Railroad Co., Ltd.

The silicon carbide (SiC) power device offers better perfor- Infrastructure Social mance than a silicon power device, including low switching loss, high reaction speed, and high-temperature operation. It is therefore considered to be indispensable for realization of the next-generation power converter. Toshiba has developed a 3.3 kV SiC hybrid insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) for DC 1 500 V overhead lines and applied it to the vehicle controller device in the 3000 series EMUs of Nishi-Nippon Railroad Co., Ltd. The low switch- ing loss characteristics of the SiC hybrid IGBT improve the inverter output current and carrier frequency of the pulse width modulation (PWM) control while maintaining the cool- Systems Infrastructure Social ing performance of the previous inverter unit. We have performed a verification test by installing SiC hybrid IGBTs in 3000 series EMUs and confirmed that they realize an energy saving of about 5% compared with EMUs equipped with a conventional power device. Inverter unit equipped with 3.3 kV SiC hybrid IGBTs for 3000 series EMUs of Nishi-Nippon Railroad Co., Ltd.

SCiBTM Battery System for Rolling Stock In recent years, a hybrid shunting locomotive and an electro-drive operation method that does not require a feed- ing system have been developed to reduce the total energy consumption of rolling stock systems. Toshiba has developed a traction battery system for these purposes using its SCiBTM lithium (Li)-ion battery, which employs a lithium titanate (LTO) anode. LTO gives the SCiBTM battery various advantages. First, LTO achieves fast Li-ion migration, which allows high-speed charging and discharging of the battery. Second, long battery life is assured because only small amounts of metal are deposited on the LTO anode. Third, the battery can be charged and discharged even at temperatures as low as -30°C. Fourth, the use of LTO makes the battery highly safe. In the event of a short circuit, LTO emits Li ions and exhibits an insulative property. This property serves to significantly lower the short circuit temperature, limiting the emission of heat. The structure of the SCiBTM traction battery system has also been designed so that it can be installed either under the floor or on the roof of rolling stock. Traction battery system for rolling stock using SCiBTM Li-ion battery Toshiba continues to provide innovative railway solutions with smart battery systems that ensure both safety and a long life.

33 TT-1600 automatedTT-1600 mail sorting system for Singapore Post Limited Electric bus introduced at Fuchu Complex Li-ion battery and an application using a TM The system is an integrated mail sorting system that per- that system sorting mail integrated an is system The Toshiba has supplied its TT-1600 automated mail sort- This electric bus system incorporates the high-perfor- the has built anToshiba electric bus system picking for up and incorporates system bus electric This Each of these devices offers not only a high throughput The electric bus application display provides an in-vehicle Thebus also has a satellite positioning system using the in November of the same year. This system made it possible the Limited. Installationof Post Singapore to system ing possible it made system This system began year. in and March it commenced 2014, same operation the of November in to automatically sort most of the mail items processed by Singapore Post. sending visitors off at the Complex. Fuchu SCiB mance and OCR read rate, but also excellent environmental per- formance such as space saving, low noise, and low power consumption. In addition, a high level operational of effi- ciency is achieved centralized by the control data of from the different devices the by IT system. coding system (VCS); and an information technology (IT) (IT) ations. It consists conventional of letter sorting machines; technology flat item and packet sorters; a unified information recognition an and optical video coding incorporating system (OCRV) character and (VCS); an optical character barcode reader reader, and video (OCR), system coding system operation for planning and management. Commencement of Operation of Automated Mail Sorting System at Singapore Post Limited Introduction of Electric Bus System System Bus Electric of Introduction Fuchu Complex at Toshiba new technology created the for bus. The bus system is also utilized to demonstrate the performance these of devices. system. Thisthe allows bus to connect to the Internetany at time via ground-side equipment to exchange various types of information, and information shows the for passengers on the display. we system, QZSS Quasi-Zenith the in Satellite in System (QZSS), which accuratelyshows the position the of useful bus on a large-screen evolutions be monitor at will future the guest center the associating By of Complex. Fuchu with which bus operations within to centimeters, bus the of position the pinpoint to able be several to expect of accuracy an understanding traffic conditions. forms the tasks essential mail for processing and related oper- 34

Social Infrastructure Social Infrastructure Systems New EG-7000 Automatic Ticket Gate for Stations with Improved Passenger Friendliness and Enhanced Usability for Station Personnel

High-performance automatic ticket gates at Shinkansen Infrastructure Social stations handle several types of tickets and smart cards simul- taneously, including fare tickets, limited express tickets, and seat reservation tickets, as well as smart cards for Shinkansen and conventional railway lines. Toshiba has developed the new EG-7000 automatic ticket gate for Shinkansen stations that incorporates improvements in terms of not only processing performance but also passen- ger friendliness and usability for station personnel. The main features of the new automatic ticket gate are as follows: • User-friendly design for passengers Systems Infrastructure Social The new ticket gate has a streamlined shape, a slim body 20 mm thinner than the previous model, and a ticket outlet sign that signals passengers not to forget to take their ticket after passing through the gate. • New mechanism to improve usability for station personnel A temporary ticket holding unit enables station personnel Newly developed EG-7000 automatic ticket gate for Shinkansen stations to easily find a ticket that is stuck inside the machine.

Improvement of Face Recognition Accuracy Toshiba has accumulated 20 years of experience in face recognition technology and has utilized it since 1999 for PC logins as well as for access control at consumer and govern- ment sites. The access control system for consumer use achieved a false rejection rate (FRR) of 1% at a false acceptance rate (FAR) of 0.1%. Subsequently, we developed applications for govern- ment use that achieve higher query precision for facial images through enhancement of performance by making more robust facial identification possible regardless of facial orientations and lighting conditions. The performance of our highly accurate face query algorithms has been verified by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Face Recognition Vendor Test (FRVT) 2013. For immigration use, however, the precision of one-to-one matching between an ID picture and the facial image of the person presenting the ID should be evaluated at a minimum FAR of 0.001%. In order to meet this requirement and expand the areas of application, we are making efforts to improve its Items for improvement of accuracy of immigration application robustness against facial aging, lighting conditions, and facial expressions by using machine learning.

35

ue to LF471 electromagneticLF471 flowmeter for marine SCR systems Unified Controller nv series type2 light small- to medium-scale controller ) in exhaust gases, when x gases. To manage the volume of of volume the manage To gases. x To facilitate settingTo the system up of configuration by users, selected standard we functions the DCS for and combined them into one small module with a width of mm.70 The module contains two network functions (interfaces for remote input/output (I/O) and for an information system), as well as duplex-redundant func- duplex-redundant as well as system), information tions. between systems other of vendors In order to connect the latest system with existing systems, the type2 light has been designed to support the latest TC-net I/O series as as the well previous the I/O intelligent series; I/O namely, series. Furthermore, the type2 light is designed to sup- port several types industrial of fieldbus networks so as to connect to existing systems other of vendors. The type2 light is designed to high offer reliability in order to ensure continuous operation and productivity. improve The user can operate theconfiguration. system in a duplex-mode The type2 light also has a self-diagnosis function run soft- by ware and a hardware-assisted error check and correct (ECC) function automatic for memory correction. Marine vessels equipped with diesel engines having an an having engines diesel with equipped vessels Marine Toshiba has addedthe Toshiba “type2 light”to model its range The main features are as follows: In SCR systems, a urea solution is used as a reducing reducing a as used is solution urea a systems, SCR In Responding to this need, Toshiba has optimized the is compatible with assure SCR system that theTo LF471 output that are exceeding kW constructed 130 from 2016 onwards are required catalytic a selective to have reduc- tion system (SCR) in accordance with the International (NO oxides Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations the for reduc- nitrogen of tion of Unifiedof Controller series nv products. The type2 light is a distributed control system (DCS) typeintended small- for to medium-scale systems. controller DCS • Compact LF471 Electromagnetic Flowmeter Small-Diameter Extremely with Measuring Pipe for Marine SCR Systems Unified Controller nv Series “type2 light” small- to medium-scale controller • Connection between latest and existing systems, and • Continuous operation (reliability) navigating in designated the regions sea. of NO remove to agent the mechanical absence of moving parts. minimal in loss liquid pressure because does it not obstruct the liquid flow in also requires the It pipe. little maintenance d materials and product specifications for a new electro- magnetic flowmeter and developed the low-cost LF471 model. requirements, has it been improved designed tolerance to provide against (1) electrical noise and vibration in marine vessel environments, compact (2) dimensions to allow installation even in narrow spaces, improved and (3) long-term zero-point Furthermore,stability. unlike other types flowmeters of such as Coriolis, orifice, and mechanical flowmeters, causes the LF471 urea solution, an electromagnetic flowmeter extremely for small-diameter pipes is essential. 36

Social Infrastructure Social Infrastructure Systems Solid-State Dual-Polarization

Doppler Weather Radar for Mirai Solid-state dual-polarization Doppler weather radar Oceanographic Research Vessel

Toshiba has developed a solid-state dual-polarization Infrastructure Social Doppler weather radar for the Mirai oceanographic research vessel owned by the Japan Agency for Marine- Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). It is the world’s first C-band (5 GHz) dual-polarization Doppler weather radar equipped with a solid-state transmitter designed for use on marine vessels(*). The main features of the new radar include motion con- Solid-state dual-polarization Doppler weather radar installed on Mirai trol and rotation correction, which respectively assist in oceanographic research vessel stabilizing the direction and plane of the antenna against ship motions. It also has the capability to correct Doppler

Z Systems Infrastructure Social Z (dBZ) velocity due to the vessel’s movement. Because of the use (dBZ) of these techniques, the new radar provides observation V performance equivalent to that of ground weather radars. (m/s) We commenced test operation of the radar in June 2014 and successfully observed the melting layer in rain clouds ˋ+7 at near-zero temperature. As a result, we have confirmed (deg) the outstanding performance unique to dual-polarization observation. Several research voyages are planned, dur- ˆ/= A!YLÅLJ[P]P[` ˋ+7!JVWVSHYKPMMLYLU[PHSWOHZL Melting layer ing which significant amounts of useful data are expected =!]LSVJP[` ˆ/=!JVWVSHYJVYYLSH[PVUJVLMÄJPLU[ (0°C altitude) to be obtained for research on oceanic precipitation. Examples of plan position indicator (PPI) and range height indicator (RHI) observation data (*) As of November 2014 (as researched by Toshiba)

Sensor Fusion System for Comprehensive Observation Kobe site Central site of Weather Phenomena Observation Analytical processing Meteorological observations have recently come to play data an increasingly important role in improving the opera- tional efficiency of natural-energy electricity generation Data storage systems and reducing the damage caused by natural Okinawa site disasters. Integrated data display function In response to this trend, Toshiba has been developing Data storage sensor fusion systems for the centralized control of vari- Observation ous meteorological sensors as well as for the comprehen- data sive management of observation data. Data storage In 2014, we delivered a phased-array weather radar and Monitoring display function Doppler lidar fusion system to the National Institute of Phased-array weather radar and Doppler lidar fusion system Information and Communications Technology (NICT). This sensor fusion system, installed at a central site in the Koganei district of Tokyo, manages various data obtained by phased-array weather radars, Doppler lidars, microwave radiom- eters, and other sensors at observation sites in Kobe and Okinawa. The sensor fusion system at the central site is equipped with a large monitor display incorporating various functions including a quick-look function to access observation data using a Web browser and a function to simultaneously display combined data by overlaying multiple sensor data, in order to facilitate the effective analysis of observation data. The newly developed system is expected to contribute to the understanding and prediction of extreme weather phenomena such as localized torrential rainfall.

37 Gain (dB) Gain Base board 25 20 15 10 5 0 Frame with heat sink s Power supply module μ PAE Gain Mounting structure Drain voltage: 24 V 9.0 GHz Frequency: Pulse width: 100 Duty ratio: 10% Input power (dBm) Output power 32 34 36 38 40 42 44

55 50 45 40 35 30 Output power (dBm), PAE (%) PAE (dBm), power Output High-performance DSP board Radio-frequency (RF) characteristics of GaN HEMT at 9.0 GHz X-band W-class 130 GaN HEMT as well as a low power consump- power as as well a low

s), the newly developed GaN developed the HEMT newly achieves ans), output power μ memory throughput the industrial of computer are enhanced. improved. To meet these needs,To has developed Toshiba a high-performance Various industrialVarious computers are operating under severe environ- Weather radar and marine radar systems have employed travel- GaN W-class 130 GHz) to 12 has (8 an developed X-band Toshiba pulse width: 10%; Under pulsed ratio: GHz (duty operation at 9.0 are continuingWe to work toward the commercialization the of This board consists of a base circuit board equipped with proces- with equipped board circuit base a of consists board This The new high-performance board DSP offers the advan- following digital signalprocessor board (DSP) that accelerates continuous real- time signal processing and memory throughput. As a result, the new DSP board has achieved a performance giga-floating-point of 15 operations per second (GFLOPS) ments, and the number such computers of is increasing every year. This situation has led to rising demand not only improvements for in the operational performance industrial of computers but also further reductions in their size and as as weight their well consump- power tion and cooling requirements. at high power. However, there has been strong demand to replace replace to demand strong been has there However, ling tube wave amplifiers (TWTAs) due to their ability to operate power. high at these TWTAs is with solid-state amplifiers power amplifiers such in are smaller and lighter (SSPAs), operating a longer and which have In life. order to employed (HEMT) enhance the gallium the output SSPAs, nitride of power (GaN) high transistor mobility electron power- higher gain, and higher power, output higher have required to added efficiency (PAE). HEMT device. The approaches following were adopted to improve the performance increase the of GaN (1) HEMT: output power by suppressing current increase collapse, (2) gain by reducing capaci- tance between the gate and drain, increase control- by PAE and (3) ling harmonic components. 100 at an input power 52% of dB, dBm, and a PAE a gain 10.5 of 51.0 of W). A PAE dBm. 40.5 of Its saturated dBm (144 output is 51.6 power more thanof is obtained 50% in the frequency to range 9.8 from 9.0 GHz radar (X-band bandwidth). new device, expect which we to contribute to the progress radar of systems. High-Performance Digital Signal Processor Board X-Band 130 W-Class GaN HEMT for SSPAs Systemsin Radar tion of 30 W in 30 tion the of operating temperature range -40 of to +71°C. sors, memories, and other integrated circuits a frame (ICs), with a heat sink, and supply module. a power tages: • Both the continuous real-time signal processing performance and • The the size industrial of computer can be further reduced. • The environmental ruggedness the industrial of computer can be 38

Social Infrastructure Social Infrastructure Systems