Environment Prevention of Global Warming Due to the fact that the level of CO2 emissions from railways is low in comparison to cars and other means of transportation and that electric trains do not directly emit any CO2 during operation since their power source is electricity, railways are considered a relatively environmentally friendly means of getting from one point to the next. The whole of the JR East organization, however, consumed 56.4 billion MJ of energy (equivalent to 1.46 million kL of crude oil) in fiscal 2001 in the course of providing services to about 5.9 billion customers on an annual basis. Accompanying this enormous consumption of energy, we emitted 2.29 million tons of CO2, an amount equivalent to 0.2% of Japan’s total emissions. For this reason, by stepping up our efforts to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions, JR East is contributing to the prevention of global warming. Target value Fiscal 2001 Reference value Item (figure from (to be met by fiscal 2005) Actual achievement Value achieved fiscal 1990) CO2 emissions in general business activities L20% L17% 2.29 million t-CO2 2.76 million t-CO2 CO2 emissions in proportion to unit electric power L L generation at company-run thermoelectric power plant 30% 26% 539 g-CO2/kWh 726 g-CO2/kWh Ratio of energy-saving railcars 80% 63% － － Energy consumption for train operations in proportion L L to unit transportation volume 15% 9% 18.8 MJ/car-km 20.6 MJ/car-km purchased from power companies with energy Energy supply and requirements augmented by other types of fuel. consumption by JR East The former energy is used for the operation of electric trains and the lighting and air JR East’s energy supply consists of electric conditioning of stations and offices, while other power and other energy such as light oil. The forms of energy such as light oil and kerosene electricity is generated by company-run are consumed in the operation of diesel cars and thermoelectric power plants and hydroelectric air conditioning of stations and offices. power plants, along with electric power *1 As figures represent a historical comparison, the Federation of Electric City gas, kerosene, fuel oil Fossil fuels Light oil, kerosene, heavy oil, etc. Power Companies Japan CO2 Input emission coefficient for fiscal 1990 is used; substitution of the fiscal 2000 CO2 1.12 CO2 1.16� CO2 0.24� coefficient would result in a figure of 1 million t-CO2 million t-CO2* million t-CO2 1.02 million tons. *2 Equivalent to the annual electric power to electric power Conversion Conversion consumption of 1.73 million Electric power generated by Electric power generated company-run thermoelectric households. (“Electric Power Annual” by company-run power plant hydroelectric power plant Electric power purchased issued by the Federation of Electric 1.98 billion kWh 1.54 billion kWh� 2.75 billion kWh Power Companies Japan) 31％ 25％� 44％� *3 Equivalent to 1.18 times the estimated capacity of the Tokyo Dome stadium. � 97,000 kL of crude oil � Electric power consumption: 6.27 billion kWh*2 （58.2 billion MJ）� Energy consumption ratio Energy Equivalent to （3.8 billion MJ）� Operation of Supply to other Operation of Stations, offices, Operation of conventional lines� Shinkansen lines Stations, offices, etc.�companies conventional etc. lines� 3.15 billion kWh 1.14 billion kWh�1.38 billion kWh 0.60 68,000 kL billion kWh� 29,000 kL 50％� 18％� 22％� 10％� Other 3 Energy consumption: 56.4 billion MJ (equivalent to1.46 million kL of crude oil)* companies Operation of JR Freight Operation of conventional lines� Shinkansen lines Stations, offices, etc.� and others 30.4 billion MJ 10.6 billion MJ� 15.4 billion MJ� � ％ ％� ％� 5.6 54 19 27 billion MJ� � Energy map for JR East 14 Achieving efficient use of weight and using regenerative brakes*1, the *1 Regenerative brake: A brake that regenerative brake cars reduce operating power uses a motor to generate electric energy power that is sent back to overhead consumption to 66% of older models such as the wires for subsequent use. rheostatic control model (103 series, etc.). *2 VVVF inverter control: VVVF stands Volume of energy consumption and VVVF cars likewise reduce operating power for “variable voltage variable CO2 emissions frequency,” an inverter that can consumption to just 47% of older models through efficiently control motor revolutions Mainly because of the reduction of energy the use of VVVF inverter control*2. Regenerative without electrical resistance. consumed through train operations and the brake cars include the 205 series operated on increase in efficiency of our company-run the Saikyo and Keiyo Lines. In addition, VVVF thermoelectric power, energy consumption in cars include the 209 and E231 series that have fiscal 2001 was 56.4 billion MJ, while CO2 already been operating on the Keihin-Tohoku, emissions amounted to 2.29 million tons, a 6% Sobu, Utsunomiya, Takasaki, and Joban Lines. reduction from fiscal 2000. The percentage We started to introduce this series into the reduction in CO2 emissions from fiscal 1990 was Yamanote Line in fiscal 2002. We also have 17%, a 5-point increase from fiscal 2000. introduced new types of VVVF cars into express cars. In fiscal 2001, we employed the E257 Reduction of energy for train operations series for “Kaiji” and “Azusa” railcars operated In order to reduce energy for train operations, on the Chuo Line. E231 series which accounts for 73% of the total energy On our conventional rail lines, we have consumed by JR East, we actively employ introduced new types of diesel railcars such as energy saving trains. As a result, in fiscal 2001, the Kiha 110 series, featuring lighter bodies and the number of energy-saving railcars (7,842) as clean, fuel-efficient new engines. We also a percentage of the total railcars (12,369) was refitted older railcars with new engines. 63%, while the energy required to move one railcar one kilometer (energy consumed in proportion to unit transportation) declined to 18.8 E257 series MJ. Currently, our conventional railcars include three models, a rheostatic control model, a regenerative brake model and a VVVF model. On a regenerative brake model, by reducing E2 series ●Energy consumption volume ●Total CO2 emission volume Company-run thermoelectric power plant Energy for stations and office buildings Purchased electric power Energy for operation of Shinkansen lines Other types of fuel Energy for operation of conventional lines Energy consumption by JR East （billion MJ）� 312 (ten thousand t-CO2) 60 58.6 59.2 59.3 58.7 59.0 300 289 56.4 284 278 38 266 27 26 24 252 50 14.8 15.4 15.3 15.3 16.0 15.4 27 24 220 40 200 9.2 11.4 11.8 11.6 111 120 119 120 120 116 11.3 10.6 30 276 259 256 253 244 229 20 100 34.6 32.5 32.2 31.9 31.8 30.4 10 163 141 139 133 119 112 0 0 '90 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '90 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '05 (reference value) (target value) *Purchased electric power and electric power generated by the *Calculation of CO2 emission factor from fuel and purchased company-run hydroelectric plant were calculated based on 9.42 electric power was based on the emission factor set forth in the MJ/kWh. The electric power generated by the company-run Voluntary Action Plan established by Japan Business Federation thermoelectric power plant and other fuel types were calculated and by the Federation of Electric Power Companies Japan. based on the figures for actual consumption of fuel. 15 Environment We also have introduced lighter bodies, ●Energy consumption during train operations regenerative brakes and VVVF inverter control and unit transportation volume into new types of railcars for Shinkansen lines, and have enhanced energy-saving effects; for Transported volume (billion car-km) Energy consumption for train operations instance, the realization of flat, smooth bodies to (billion MJ) Energy consumption in proportion to unit reduce air resistance generated during high transportation volume (MJ/car-km) （ billion car-km）� speed travel. （billion MJ） （MJ/car-km）� 2.2 50 20.6 21 20.3 In addition, we have been trying to improve the 20.1 20.1 efficiency of air conditioning systems. In some 19.7 18.8 railway sections, by introducing an open/shut system for several of the doors or a semi- 17.5 automatic door system (where customers open and close only those doors required to board or 44.0 43.8 44.0 43.5 43.1 41.0 alight from the train by pushing a door button), 2.1 25 15 we are endeavoring to prevent unnecessary temperature fluctuations in railcars. 2.14 2.18 2.18 2.14 2.19 2.18 Tokyo Monorail Co., Ltd., which joined the JR ●Comparison by car type of East Group in fiscal 2001, has introduced a new energy consumption during train operations type of VVVF inverter control-based energy- saving car (2000 series) into monorail services 2.0 0 9 '90 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '05 （％）� for the first time in fiscal 1997. At the end of 100 100 (reference value) (target value) fiscal 2001, 18 out of a total of 114 cars were the 66 2000 series. Like JR East’s VVVF cars, the 2000 series uses regenerative brakes and also 50 47 reduces weight. 0 103 series 205 series 209/E231 series Rheostatic Regenerative VVVF cars control cars brake cars Weight reduction ●Introduction of energy-saving cars Built-in regenerative brakes VVVF cars New-type cars Built-in VVVF Regenerative brake cars inverters Energy-saving cars New-type engines Rheostatic control cars Conventional cars Old-type cars （Unit）� （Unit） （Unit）� 11,000 10,710 1,500 10,615 10,496 10,537 10,588 1,000 1,146 1,110 1,122 5,541 5,108 4,793 4,374 3,953 1,096 1,080 1,000 592 588 567 579 547 768 704 630 574 468 5,500 106 500 154 140 140 111 Door open/shut button Energy-saving cars Energy-saving Energy-saving cars Energy-saving Energy-saving cars Energy-saving 3,339 3,339 3,339 3,339 3,339 500 218 215 180 189 226 328 406 492 572 612 220 233 247 247 247 1,735 2,049 2,405 2,875 3,418 0 0 0 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 Electric cars on conventional lines Shinkansen cars Diesel cars on conventional lines Tokyo Monorail 2000 series 16 Energy saving in motor vehicle operations JR East uses 3,300 service vehicles to maintain facilities and transport equipment and materials.