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Via Latgalica Humanitāro Zinātņu Žurnāls Journal of Humanities RĒZEKNES AUGSTSKOLA Via Latgalica Humanitāro zinātņu žurnāls Journal of Humanities LATGALISTIKYS KONGRESU MATERIALI PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONGRESS ON LATGALISTICS III ERNSTA MORICA ARNDTA GREIFSVAĻDIS UNIVERSITATE A. MICKEVIČA UNIVERSITATE POZNAŅĀ LATVEJIS UNIVERSITATE RĒZEKNIS AUGSTŠKOLA SANKTPĪTERBURGYS VAĻSTS UNIVERSITATE VOLŪDU EKOLOGEJA BAĻTEJIS JIURYS REGIONĀ: REGIONALUOS VOLŪDYS GLOBALIZACEJIS LAIKŪS Konfereņce veļteita Fraņča Kempa kulturviesturiskuos skicis ,,Latgalieši“ symts godim 3. storptautyskuo latgalistikys konfereņce Greifsvaļde, 2010. goda 21.–22. oktobris 2011 „Volūdu ekologeja Baļtejis jiurys regionā: regionaluos volūdys globali- zacejis laikūs“. Konfereņce veļteita Fraņča Kempa kulturviesturiskuos skicis ,,Latgalieši“ symts godim. 3. storptautyskuo latgalistikys konfereņce (Greifsvaļde, 2010. goda 21.–22. oktobris) / Redakcejis kolegeja: A. Andro- novs, L. Leikuma, N. Naua, I. Šuplinska. — Rēzekne: Rēzeknis Augstškola, 2011. — 278 pl. — (Via Latgalica: Latgalistikys kongresu materiali, III) Žurnala „Via Latgalica“ sereja „Latgalistikys kongresu materiali“ publicej rokstus piec storptautyskajuos latgalistikys konfereņcēs skaiteitūs referatu. The series “Proceedings of the Congress on Latgalistics” of the journal “Via Latgalica” publishes articles based on talks given at the International Conferences on Latgalistics. Redakcejis kolegeja / Editorial board: Aleksejs Andronovs (Sanktpīterburgys Vaļsts universitate) / Aleksey Andronov (St. Petersburg State University) Lideja Leikuma (Latvejis Universitate / University of Latvia) Nikole Naua (A. Mickeviča Universitate Poznaņā) / Nicole Nau (Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań) Ilga Šuplinska (Rēzeknis Augstškola / Rēzekne University College) Kruojumam „Latgalistikys kongresu materiali, III“ finaņsiali paleidz: Vaļsts pietejumu programa „Nacionālā identitāte Ernsta Morica Arndta (valoda, Latvijas vēsture, kultūra un cilvēkdrošība)“ Greifsvaļdis universitate Daļa pietejumu rodušīs ar ESF projekta „Teritoriālās identitātes lingvokultoroloģiskie un sociālekonomiskie aspekti Latgales reģiona attīstībā“ (1DP/1.1.1.2.0/09/APIA/VIAA/071) atspaidu Ieguldījums tavā nākotnē! Angļu volūdys konsuļtants Māris Mednis Vuoku zeimiejs Māris Justs Kartis puorzeimiejs Edmunds Trumpa Gruomotu maketiejs Aleksejs Andronovs ISSN 1691-5569 © Ernsta Morica Arndta Greifsvaļdis universitate, 2011 © Rēzeknis Augstškola, 2011 © Latvejis Universitate, 2011 © A. Mickeviča Universitate Poznaņā, 2011 © Sanktpīterburgys Vaļsts universitate, 2011 © Autoru kolektivs, 2011 Prīškvuordi 2010. goda 21.–22. oktobrī Vuocejis zīmeļaustrumu vacajā Hanzys piļsātā Greifsvaļdē nūtyka 3. storptautyskuo latgalistikys konfereņce ,,Vo- lūdu ekologeja Baļtejis jiurys regionā: regionaluos volūdys globalizacejis laikūs“. Konfereņce turpynoj 2008. godā suoktū tradiceju vītuos, kurom ir sa- kars ar baltistiku, reikuot latgalīšu volūdys i kulturys vaicuojumim veļteitu zynuotnisku dūmu apmaiņu (tai beja 2008. godā Sanktpīterburgā, tai — 2009. godā Rēzeknē). Vuocu dzejnīka Ernsta Morica Arndta vuordā nū- sauktuos Greifsvaļdis Universitatis Baltistikys nūdaļa par konfereņcis vītu tyka izalaseita partū, ka tei ir vīneiguo universitate Vuocejā, kurei realizej baltu filologejis studeju programys kai bakalaura, tai magistra leiminī. Konfereņcis nūsaukums ruoda, ka atškireibā nu cytu godu konfereņ- ču pīsadaleit tyka praseiti na tik latgalistikys specialisti, a i zynuotnīki, ku- rī pietej Baļtejis jiurys regiona cytys mozuos volūdys. Taids aizdavums ty- ka izvierzeits, kab varātu saleidzynuot situaceju ar mozajom i regionala- jom volūdom vysaiduos vaļstīs. Zynuotnīki meklēja atsaceišonys iz vai- ruok vaicuojumu: kai kur teik dūmuots par volūdu izglobuošonu i jūs kor- pusu atteisteišonu, kaids oficialais statuss atteiceigom volūdom kuramā naviņ vaļstī ir daškierts, kai tys ir grūzejs runuotuoju i plotuokys sabīdrei- bys attīksmi. Globalizacejis laikūs aug lelūs, storptautyskūs volūdu nūzei- me, deļtuo aktualizejās vaicuojums: a kas tūlaik nūteik ar mozajom volū- dom? Voi juoļaun jom aizīt nabyuteibā ci juoroda augšonai pīmāruota vi- de, kab vystik juos nūturēt, kab nūsorguot i deļ bārnu bārnu, kai tys nūteik ar ratim, aizsorgojamim, zeimoj — seviški kūpamim i žālojamim, augim. Taidi augi sevkurai vītai daškir vierteibu i unikalitati, tai tys var byut i ar mozajom volūdom, kuruos boguotynoj regionu, kur juos teik lītuotys. Konfereņcē par īprīkš pīmynātajim vaicuojumim izastuoja 36 zy- nuotnīki nu Latvejis, Pūlejis, Krīvejis, Italejis, Vuocejis, Beļgejis i Fraņce- jis. Jūs pietejumu tematikys īspaideiguo daudzveideiba atsakluoj ituo kruo- juma rokstūs, kur var skaiteit par latgalīšu i cytu mozūs volūdu ci dialektu lingvistiskajim, socialajim i politiskajim vaicuojumim, par viesturis, folk- 3 lorys i literaturys aktualitatem. Ite atrūnami pietejumi par latgalīšu ābe- cem, latgalīšu puorsokom i cytim folklorys žanrim, par latgalīšu volūdu presē, regiona publiskajā telpā i dzīšmu tekstūs. Taipat teik apsavārts Lat- golys tāls latvīšu volūdā raksteitajā literaturā, guoduotais par Latgolu i latgalīšim viesturiskā grīzumā i pat vaicuota eisti filozofiska atsaceišona, kū zeimoj raksteit latgaliski — aplīcynuot sovu pateibu, byut sovaiduokam par apleicejim ci vēļ koč kū. Rokstūs var īsapazeit ar jau 2. latgalistikys konfereņcē prezentātuo pietejuma ,,Volūdys Austrumlatvejā“ rezuļtatim, metodologeju, taipat — ar jaunuos lingvoteritorialuos vuordineicys koncepceju i izstruodis pryncy- pim. Kruojuma autori ir saleidzynuojuši tekstus latgalīšu volūdā ar tekstim lejisvuocu volūdā, pīsavārsuši Krīvejis minoritašu lītuotajim lejisvuocu vo- lūdys variantim, zvīdru volūdys paveidim i Beļgejis regionalajom volū- dom, atseviškys roksts dūts par kašubu volūdu, kam nu 2005. goda Pūlejā ir regionaluos volūdys statuss. 3. storptautyskuo latgalistikys konfereņce tyka veļteita Fraņča Kem- pa kulturviesturiskuos skicis ,,Latgalieši“ symts godim. Gruomota izguoja 1910. godā Reigā ar moto: „Pusmiljona tauta ir tikpat dzīves spējīga kā arī miljons…“ Naskaidrajā 20. godu symta suokuma etnopolitiskajā situacejā piec Latgolys izcyluo publicista, pedagoga i sabīdriskuo darbinīka F. Kem- pa daudzynuojuma laikrokstā „Baltijas Vēstnesis“ i cytur vuordi „Latgale“ i „latgalieši“ suoce īsaīt latvīšu kulturys dzeivis apritē. Myusu dīnuos ir pījimts runuot par vīnu tautu — latvīšim, a par latgalīšim (= Latgolys latvī- šim) — kai naatjamamu ituos tautys daļu, koč na vysod īvārojūt, ka ituos dalis — Latvejis kulturviesturiskuo nūvoda Latgolys — ļaudim ir sovs (i na mozs) kulturys montuojums, sovs raksteitais vuords, sova dzymtuo mē- le. Vystik Fraņča Kempa vuordi ir pīsapiļdejuši — i piec symts godu itei latvīšu tautys daļa aplīcynoj sovu dzeivuot spieju, turpynojūt lītuot, atteis- teit i pieteit dzymtū volūdu, reikojūt konfereņcis, kab vēļ dziļuok i vyspu- seiguok izzynuot sovu paguotni, a caur jū — dūmuotu par nuokūtni. Konfereņcis organizacejis komitejis vuordā — Sanita Lazdiņa 4 Irina Bakhmutova (Europäische Universität in St. Petersburg) Das Plautdietsche der russlanddeutschen Aussiedler in Deutschland: die symbolische Rolle der Sprache im Kontext des Sprechergemeinschaftswandels Einleitung Plautdietsch, eine der ostniederdeutschen Mundarten, deren Ursprung im Ostseeraum liegt, gilt als die traditionelle Sprache der russland- deutschen Mennoniten und ist neben der Konfession das wichtigste Merkmal der Gruppenmitgliedschaft. Diese Mundart wurde von den Men- noniten im 17.–18. Jh. im Raum des Weichseldeltas als Umgangsprache übernommen und später in den Mennonitengemeinden Russlands und anderer Länder in der Innengruppenkommunikation aktiv gebraucht. Der folgende Beitrag ist einer bestimmten Gruppe der russlanddeutschen Mennoniten gewidmet, die in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts aus den mennonitischen Dörfern Westsibiriens nach Nordrhein-Westfalen (Deutschland) ausgewandert sind. An deren Beispiel wird analysiert, ob und wie sich die symbolische Funktion des Plautdietschen beim Wandel der Sprechergemeinschaft ändert. Unter dem Wandel der Sprechergemeinschaft werden 2 Prozesse ver- standen, die für die jeweilige Gruppe von besonderer Bedeutung sind. Der erste folgt aus dem Status ihrer Mitglieder als Spätaussiedler und ist die Anpassung ans neue soziale und sprachliche Milieu. Ein Aspekt dieses komplizierten und vielseitigen Prozesses scheint für die diskutierte Frage besonders interessant zu sein. Mit dem Auswandern seiner Sprecher nach Deutschland kommt Plautdietsch in Kontakt mit einer sprachlichen Umge- bung, die ihm nahe verwandt ist. Wie wird die Mundart in dieser neuen Situation von der Gemeinschaft wahrgenommen? Wird sie anders bewertet als zuvor im russischsprachigen Milieu? Der zweite Prozess, der den Wandel der jeweiligen Sprechergemeinschaft bestimmt, ist für die menno- nitischen Aussiedler in Deutschland nicht spezifisch und kann in den Mennonitengemeinden weltweit beobachtet werden1. Es geht um die Ver- selbstständigung der religiösen, sprachlichen und ethnischen Merkmale der Mennonitengemeinschaften (Stölting-Richert 1994: 188). 1 Der Situation der Spätaussiedler können allerdings bestimmte Besonderheiten eigen sein. 5 Der Beitrag gründet sich auf die Daten aus der Feldforschung in den mennonitischen Gemeinden Deutschlands (Nordrhein-Westfalen) und Russlands (Westsibirien, Omsker Gebiet), die von der Autorin 2008 und 2009 durchgeführt wurde. Die Hauptmethoden dieser Forschung waren — meine Beobachtung für das Sprachverhalten der Plautdietschen in verschiedenen kommunikativen Situationen, — halbstrukturierte Interviews, die Fragen nach dem früheren
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