DOCSLIB.ORG

World Bank Document

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
World Bank Document 31383 World Bank Technical Paper Europe and Central Asia Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Series Public Disclosure Authorized A Sector Study of the Joint Economic Research Program The World Bank and the Government of Kazakhstan INNOV ATIONS IN FISHERIES MANA GEMENT FOR KAZAKHSTAN Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized William Sutton Simon Diffey Tomislav Petr Kazakhstan Fisheries Sector Study • World Bank/Government of Kazakhstan 1 Final Report • May 2005 2 Standard Disclaimer/Copyright Statement Standard Disclaimer: This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Copyright Statement: The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, http://www.copyright.com/. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202- 522-2422, e-mail [email protected]. Kazakhstan Fisheries Sector Study • World Bank/Government of Kazakhstan 3 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of January 15, 2004) Currency Unit = Tenge (KZT) US$1 = KZT 142 FISCAL YEAR January 1 to December 31 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ACP Agricultural Competitiveness Project APPAP-II Agricultural Post Privatization Assistance-II B/Z Bukhtarma/Zaisan CEP Caspian Environment Program CFP Common Fisheries Policy CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CN Concept Note EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EU European Union FAO Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FC Fisheries Committee FMIS Fisheries Management Information System FPIP Fisheries Program Implementation Plan FRPC Fisheries Research and Production Center Final Report • May 2005 4 FSST Fisheries Sector Study Team GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GIS Geographic Information System GOK Government of Kazakhstan HACCP Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points IUU Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated JERP Joint Economic Research Program JSDF Japanese Social Development Fund KZT Kazakhstan Tenge (KZT 150 = US$ 1) LIL Learning and Innovation Loan MCS Monitoring, Control and Surveillance MEP Ministry of Environmental Protection MOA Ministry of Agriculture MOEBP Ministry of Economy and Budget Planning MOF Ministry of Finance MOT Ministry of Transportation mt metric ton NGO Non-Government Organization OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development SOE State Owned Enterprise TURFS Territorial Use Rights Fishery System UK United Kingdom US United States WTO World Trade Organization Kazakhstan Fisheries Sector Study • World Bank/Government of Kazakhstan 5 Table of Contents Foreword ......................................................................................................................... 8 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ 9 How Can the Sector Reach its Potential? .................................................................... 11 1. Setting the Scene .................................................................................................. 15 A. The Sector Has Good Potential ............................................................................... 15 B. There are Market Opportunities ............................................................................... 18 C. Priorities for Development ....................................................................................... 20 D. More Public Involvement is Necessary to Address These Priorities ......................... 21 2. Ensuring Sustainability of Capture Fisheries ..................................................... 24 A. Threats to Capture Fisheries ................................................................................... 26 B. The System for Allocating Use Rights ...................................................................... 31 C. The Legal Environment ............................................................................................ 33 D. Monitoring, Control and Surveillance ....................................................................... 35 E. An Innovative Approach to Management: Co-Management ...................................... 38 F. Preservation of Threatened Stocks........................................................................... 42 3. Expanding Markets and Increasing Value Added .............................................. 47 A. Development of the Processing Sector.................................................................... 47 B. Increasing Private Investment................................................................................... 49 C. Increasing Returns to Fishers from the Market ......................................................... 50 4. Investing in technology ........................................................................................ 52 A. Improving Hatchery Production ................................................................................ 52 B. Promoting Aquaculture............................................................................................. 54 C. Developing Small Water Bodies .............................................................................. 56 D. Exploiting Under-developed Aquatic Resources ...................................................... 57 5. Reforming the Administrative Organization ........................................................ 60 A. Improving the Management Structure .................................................................... 60 B. Improving Management Capacity ............................................................................ 63 C. Research ................................................................................................................. 64 D. Public Expenditures in the Fisheries Sector ............................................................ 66 6. Annexes .................................................................................................................. 73 Final Report • May 2005 6 List of Tables Table 1.1: Fisheries roles within a market economy in Kazakhstan ........................................... 22 Table 2.1: Summary of management approaches by fishery type ............................................. 40 Table 5.1: Suggested key fisheries services impact indicators and means of verifying them ... 72 List of Figures Figure 1.1: Capture fisheries in Kazakhstan by basin, share of total volume (2003) ................. 17 Figure 1.2: Total retail sales of fish and fish products in Kazakhstan, mt (1992-2002) .............. 18 Figure1.3: Consumption of fish and canned fish, kg/capita/year (1998-2002) ........................... 19 Figure 1.4: Trade in Fish and Fish Products (1995-2002) .......................................................... 20 Figure 2.1: Official fish catches in Kazakhstan (1997-2003) and estimated true catch for 2002, ‘000 mt...................................................................................................... 21 Figure 2.2: Sturgeon quotas and actual catches in the Ural-Caspian basin Kazakhstan, mt .... 22 Figure 2.3: Species composition of catches in Lake Balkhash, mt (1930-2000) ....................... 23 Figure 3.1: Volume of processed fish, mt (1998-2002) ............................................................... 47 Figure 3.2: Pike-perch price structure by basin in 2003 (KZT/kg) .............................................. 51 Figure 5.1: Republican fisheries services expenditures and share of national GDP (1999-2004) .................................................................................................................................. 71 List of Boxes Box 2.1: What do we mean by sustainable fisheries management? .......................................... 24 Box 2.2: Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries ................................................................. 25 Box 2.3: The Syr Darya Control and Northern Aral Sea (SYNAS) Project .................................. 28 Box 2.4: Case study—Lake Balkhash fishery ............................................................................. 29 Box 2.5: Case study—Mnemiopsis in the Black Sea and its impact on fish ............................... 31 Box 2.6: Examples of various fisheries control techniques ........................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sturgeons of the Caspian Sea and Ural River
    Photo and image credits: Front Cover: Top left, beluga sturgeon (Huso huso); Top Right: Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii); Bottom: stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus); Todd Stailey, Tennessee Aquarium. Back Cover: “FISH IS OUR TREASURE”, Phaedra Doukakis, Ph. D. IOCS; Page 1: Shannon Crownover, The Nature Conservancy; Page 6, 9, 10, 11: Phaedra Doukakis, Ph. D., IOCS; Page 4, 5, 7 designed by Grace Lewis. Brochure content was developed by Alison Ormsby, Ph.D. and Phaedra Doukakis, Ph. D. with editorial review by Yael Wyner, Ph. D. Layout was designed by Grace Lewis. The brochure was developed under a generous grant from Agip KCO. Agip KCO Tel.: international line: 1, K. Smagulov Street +39 02 9138 3300 Atyrau, 06002 Tel: local lines: Republic of Kazakhstan (+7) 7122 92 3300 Fax: (+7) 7122 92 3310 Designed and printed in Kazakhstan www.agipkco.com Sturgeons of the Caspian Sea and Ural River www.oceanconservationscience.org A Unique and Precious Resource What are Sturgeon? River, other rivers off the Caspian Sea are used by sturgeons for With bony plates called scutes on their bodies and ancestors that reproduction, including the Volga River in Russia and the Kura date to the time of dinosaurs, sturgeons are unusual fish. Unlike River in Azerbaijan. However, dams on the Volga and Kura have other types of fish, sturgeons have scutes instead of scales. blocked sturgeons from being able to migrate upriver, and have changed the quality of the rivers so they are no longer able to support sturgeon reproduction. Reproduction: For sturgeon, the process of mixing female eggs and male sperm to create a fertilized egg that hatches into a baby sturgeon.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Opportunities and Threats in Kazakhstan's Wild Liquorice Root Trade
    April 2021 SWEET DREAMS ASSESSING OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS IN KAZAKHSTAN’S WILD LIQUORICE ROOT TRADE Nadejda Gemedzhieva, Artyom Khrokov, Elise Heral, Anastasiya Timoshyna JOINT REPORT ABOUT US TRAFFIC is a leading non-governmental organisation working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Reproduction of material appearing in this report requires written permission from the publisher. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting This report was completed under a project implemented between organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, 2019-2022 by TRAFFIC and the Association for the Conservation of or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or Biodiversity of Kazakhstan (ACBK), under the support of the Keidanren boundaries. Nature Conservation Fund (KNCF). Complementary funds were also gratefully received from Aktionsgemeinschaft Artenschutz (AGA) e.V. Lead author The project aims to reduce unsustainable commercial harvest, which Nadejda Gemedzhieva poses a threat to biodiversity conservation, and to scale up successful sustainable wild liquorice root production from which local people and Published by: nature benefit. We extend our thanks to KNCF for their support. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, United Kingdom. During the course of this study, many individuals contributed their time, SUGGESTED CITATION expertise, original research and professional advice and the authors Gemedzhieva, N., Khrokov, A., Heral. E., Timoshyna, would like to thank the staff of the following institutions: Forestry A.
    [Show full text]
  • O'zbekiston Respublikasi Xalq Ta'limi Vazirligi
    O’ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI XALQ TA’LIMI VAZIRLIGI A. QODIRIY NOMLI JIZZAX DAVLAT PEDAGOGIKA INTSITUTI TABIATSHUNOSLIK VA GEOGRAFIYA FAKULTETI GEOGRAFIYA VA UNI O’QITISH METODIKASI KAFEDRASI O’RTA OSIYO TABIIY GEOGRAFIYASI FANIDAN REFARAT MAVZU: TURON PASTTEKISLIGI. BAJARDI: 307 – GURUH TALABASI ABDULLAYEVA M QABUL QILDI: o’qituvchi: G. XOLDOROVA JIZZAX -2013 1 R E J A: Kirish I. Bob. Turon pasttekisligining tabiiy geografik tavsifi. 1.1. Geografik o’rni va rel’efi 1.2. Iqlimiy xususiyatlari. 1.3. Tuproqlari, o’simlik va hayvonot dunyosi. II. Bob. Turon pasttekisligining hududiy tavsifi. 2.1. Qizilqum va Qoraqum. 2.2. To’rg’ay Mug’ojar. 2.3. Mang’ishloq Ustyurt. Xulosa. Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar. 2 3 4 5 KIRISH. Tabiiy geografik rayonlashtirish deganda xududlarni ularni tabiiy geografik hususiyatlariga qarab turli katta-kichiklikdagi regional birliklarga ajratish tushuniladi. Tabiiy geografik rayonlashtirishda mavjud bo’lgan va taksonamik jihatdan bir-biri bilan bog’liq regional tabiiy geografik komplekislar ajratiladi, har-bir komplekis tabiatning o’ziga xos hususiyatlarini ochib beradi ular tabiatni tasvirlaydi hamda haritaga tushuriladi. Tabiiy geografik region nafaqat tabiiy sharoiti bilan balki o’ziga xos tabiiy resurslari bilan ham boshqalardan ajralib turadi. Shuning uchun tabiiy geografik rayonlashtirish har-bir hududning o’ziga xos sharoiti va reurslarini boxolashga imkon beradi. Uning ilmiy va amaliy ahamiyati, ayniqsa hozirgi vaqtda tabiatda ekologik muozanatni saqlash va ekologik muomolarni oldini olish dolzarb masala bo’lib turganda, juda kattadir. Tabiiy geografik rayonlashtirishni taksonamik birliklar sistemasi asosida amalgam oshirish mumkin. O’rta Osiyo hududini rayonlashtirish bilan ko’p olimlar shug’ulangan. Ular dastlab tarmoq tabiiy geografik; geomarfologik, iqlimiy, tuproqlar geografiyasi, geobatanik va zoogeografik rayonlashtirishga etibor berganlar.
    [Show full text]
  • Structures Assisting the Migrations of Non-Salmonid Fish: USSR
    FAO Structures assisting FISHERIES TECHNICAL the migrations of PAPER non-salmonid fish: USSR 308 D.S. Pavlov Severtsov's Institute of the Evolutionary Morphology and Ecology of Animals Leninskii Prospekt 33 117071 Moscow B-71, USSR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1989 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-42 ISBN 92-5-102857-5 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechani- cal, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. 0 FAO 1989 PREPARATION OF THIS DOC UMENT The Working Party of Experts on Inland Fisheries of the Indo-Pacific Commission, at a meeting in New Delhi, India, in January 1984, recommended that information be collected on the use of fish-passes. s a result of this recommenda- tion, FAO commissioned a consultant to review stn ctures assisting migration of non-salmonid stocks in the USSR. The original manuscript has been subject to substantial editing by Drs R.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystem Service Assessment of the Ili Delta, Kazakhstan Niels Thevs
    Ecosystem service assessment of the Ili Delta, Kazakhstan Niels Thevs, Volker Beckmann, Sabir Nurtazin, Ruslan Salmuzauli, Azim Baibaysov, Altyn Akimalieva, Elisabeth A. A. Baranoeski, Thea L. Schäpe, Helena Röttgers, Nikita Tychkov 1. Territorial and geographical location Ili Delta, Kazakhstan Almatinskaya Oblast (province), Bakanas Rayon (county) The Ili Delta is part of the Ramsar Site Ile River Delta and South Lake Balkhash Ramsar Site 2. Natural and geographic data Basic geographical data: location between 45° N and 46° N as well as 74° E and 75.5° E. Fig. 1: Map of the Ili-Balkhash Basin (Imentai et al., 2015). Natural areas: The Ramsar Site Ile River Delta and South Lake Balkhash Ramsar Site comprises wetlands and meadow vegetation (the modern delta), ancient river terraces that now harbour Saxaul and Tamarx shrub vegetation, and the southern coast line of the western part of Lake Balkhash. Most ecosystem services can be attributed to the wetlands and meadow vegetation. Therefore, this study focusses on the modern delta with its wetlands and meadows. During this study, a land cover map was created through classification of Rapid Eye Satellite images from the year 2014. The land cover classes relevant for this study were: water bodies in the delta, dense reed (total vegetation more than 70%), and open reed and shrub vegetation (vegetation cover of reed 20- 70% and vegetation cover of shrubs and trees more than 70%). The land cover class dense reed was further split into submerged dense reed and non-submerged dense reed by applying a threshold to the short wave infrared channel of a Landsat satellite image from 4 April 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Consolidated Version of the Sanpin 2.3.2.1078-01 on Food, Raw Material, and Foodstuff
    Registered with the Ministry of Justice of the RF, March 22, 2002 No. 3326 MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION CHIEF STATE SANITARY INSPECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION RESOLUTION No. 36 November 14, 2001 ON ENACTMENT OF SANITARY RULES (as amended by Amendments No.1, approved by Resolution No. 27 of Chief State Sanitary Inspector of the RF dated 20.08.2002, Amendments and Additions No. 2, approved by Resolution No. 41 of Chief State Sanitary Inspector of the RF dated15.04.2003, No. 5, approved by Resolution No. 42 of Chief State Sanitary Inspector of the RF dated 25.06.2007, No. 6, approved by Resolution No. 13 of Chief State Sanitary Inspector of the RF dated 18.02.2008, No. 7, approved by Resolution No. 17 of Chief State Sanitary Inspector of the RF dated 05.03.2008, No. 8, approved by Resolution No. 26 of Chief State Sanitary Inspector of the RF dated 21.04.2008, No. 9, approved by Resolution No. 30 of Chief State Sanitary Inspector of the RF dated 23.05.2008, No. 10, approved by Resolution No. 43 of Chief State Sanitary Inspector of the RF dated 16.07.2008, Amendments No.11, approved by Resolution No. 56 of Chief State Sanitary Inspector of the RF dated 01.10.2008, No. 12, approved by Resolution No. 58 of Chief State Sanitary Inspector of the RF dated 10.10.2008, Amendment No. 13, approved by Resolution No. 69 of Chief State Sanitary Inspector of the RF dated 11.12.2008, Amendments No.14, approved by Resolution No.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 (3)/2017 Scientific Journal “Fundamentalis Scientiam” (Madrid, Spain)
    №2 (3)/2017 Scientific journal “Fundamentalis scientiam” (Madrid, Spain) ISSN 0378-5955 The journal is registered and published in Spain It is published 12 times a year. Articles are accepted in Spanish, Polish, English, Russian, Ukrainian, German, French languages for publication. Scientific journal “Fundamentalis scientiam” (lat. “Basic Science”) was established in Spain in the autumn of 2016. Its goal is attracting the masses to the interest of “knowledge.” We have immediately decided to grow to the international level, namely to bond the scientists of the Eurasian continent under the aegis of the common work, by filling the journal with research materials, articles, and results of work. Editorial board: Chief editor: Petr Novotný – Palacky University, Olomouc Managing editor: Lukáš Procházka – Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem Petrenko Vladislav, PhD in geography, lecturer in social and economic geography. (Kiev, Ukraine) Andrea Biyanchi – University of Pavia, Pavia Bence Kovács – University of Szeged, Szeged Franz Gruber – University of Karl and Franz, Graz Jean Thomas – University of Limoges, Limoges Igor Frennen – Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki Plaza Santa Maria Soledad Torres Acosta, Madrid, 28004 E-mai: [email protected] Web: www.fundamentalis-scientiam.com CONTENT CULTURAL SCIENCES Tattigul Kartaeva, Ainur Yermekbayeva THE SEMANTICS OF THE CHEST IN KAZAKH CULTURE .................................................................. 4 ECONOMICS Khakhonova N.N. INTERCONNECTION OF ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS IN THE COMPANY MANAGEMENT ...................................................... 10 HISTORICAL SCIENCES Bexeitov G.T., Satayeva B.E. Kunanbaeva A. СURRENT CONDITION AND RESEARCH SYSTEM FEEDS KAZAKHS .................................. 25 PROBLEMS OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL Eleuov Madiyar, Moldakhmet Arkhad EXCAVATIONS CONDUCTED WERE MADE IN MEDIEVAL SITE UTYRTOBE .............................. 28 THE MONUMENTS OF NEAR THE LOCATION– RAKHAT IN 2015 (ALMATY) ..............................
    [Show full text]
  • Dam Safety in Central Asia
    ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE Geneva Water Series No. 5 Dam safety in Central Asia: Capacity-building and regional cooperation UNITED NATIONS ECE/MP.WAT/26 ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE Geneva Water Series № 5 DAM SAFETY IN CENTRAL ASIA: CAPACITY-BUILDING AND REGIONAL COOPERATION UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva 2007 ii NOTICE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ECE/MP.WAT/26 UNECE Information Unit Phone: +41 (0)22 917 44 44 Palais des Nations Fax: +41 (0)22 917 05 05 CH-1211 Geneva 10 E-mail: [email protected] Switzerland Website: http://www.unece.org UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No E.07.II.E.10 ISBN 92-1-116962-1 ISSN 1020-0886 Copyright © United Nations, 2007 All rights reserved Printed at United Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) iii FOREWORD The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), in particular through its Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes, is engaged in promoting cooperation on the management of shared water resources in Central Asia – a pre-condition for sustainable development in the subregion. One direction of activities is promoting the safe operation of more than 100 large dams, most of which are situated on transboundary rivers. Many of these dams were built 40 to 50 years ago, and due to limited resources for their maintenance and the inadequacy of a legal framework for their safe operation, the risk of accidents is increasing.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Norms of Admissible Impact on Water Objects of Trans-Balkhash Area
    Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 13(3), 2015, 1495-1510 ISSN 0972-768X www.sadgurupublications.com ASSESSMENT OF NORMS OF ADMISSIBLE IMPACT ON WATER OBJECTS OF TRANS-BALKHASH AREA Zh.T. TILEKOVA*, M. T. OSHAKBAYEV and G. K. YERUBAYEVAa Department of Applied Ecology, K. I. Satpayev Kazakh National Technical University, ALMATY, KAZAKHSTAN aDepartment "Tourism and Service", Turan University, ALMATY, KAZAKHSTAN ABSTRACT Calculations of norms of admissible impact on water objects help to establish levels of pollutants in surface water. The norms of acceptable impact (NAI) on water objects are developed and approved according to hydrographic or water management zoning of a water body for the purpose of preservation and restoration of aquatic ecosystems; minimizing effects of anthropogenic impact that creates risk of irreversible negative changes in aquatic ecosystem; ensuring sustainable and safe water use in the course of social and economic development of the territory. Identification of NAI was carried out on the basis of Methodical instructions on development of the norms of admissible impact on water objects approved by the order of the Ministry of natural resources of Russia of 12.12.2007 No. 328, and by the analysis of social and economic situation, usage and diagnostics of quality of water resources. At the studied territory calculations of norms of admissible impact were counted on two indicators : NAIchem and NAIw. To determine the current anthropogenic impact, comparison of the actual mass of pollutants export (diffusion drain from residential areas, industrial sites and agricultural grounds, etc.) with the values of NAIchem. obtained from design water-resources region (WRR), was carried out.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Resources Lifeblood of the Region
    Water Resources Lifeblood of the Region 68 Central Asia Atlas of Natural Resources ater has long been the fundamental helped the region flourish; on the other, water, concern of Central Asia’s air, land, and biodiversity have been degraded. peoples. Few parts of the region are naturally water endowed, In this chapter, major river basins, inland seas, Wand it is unevenly distributed geographically. lakes, and reservoirs of Central Asia are presented. This scarcity has caused people to adapt in both The substantial economic and ecological benefits positive and negative ways. Vast power projects they provide are described, along with the threats and irrigation schemes have diverted most of facing them—and consequently the threats the water flow, transforming terrain, ecology, facing the economies and ecology of the country and even climate. On the one hand, powerful themselves—as a result of human activities. electrical grids and rich agricultural areas have The Amu Darya River in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan, with a canal (left) taking water to irrigate cotton fields.Upper right: Irrigation lifeline, Dostyk main canal in Makktaaral Rayon in South Kasakhstan Oblast, Kazakhstan. Lower right: The Charyn River in the Balkhash Lake basin, Kazakhstan. Water Resources 69 55°0'E 75°0'E 70 1:10 000 000 Central AsiaAtlas ofNaturalResources Major River Basins in Central Asia 200100 0 200 N Kilometers RUSSIAN FEDERATION 50°0'N Irty sh im 50°0'N Ish ASTANA N ura a b m Lake Zaisan E U r a KAZAKHSTAN l u s y r a S Lake Balkhash PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC Ili OF CHINA Chui Aral Sea National capital 1 International boundary S y r D a r Rivers and canals y a River basins Lake Caspian Sea BISHKEK Issyk-Kul Amu Darya UZBEKISTAN Balkhash-Alakol 40°0'N ryn KYRGYZ Na Ob-Irtysh TASHKENT REPUBLIC Syr Darya 40°0'N Ural 1 Chui-Talas AZERBAIJAN 2 Zarafshan TURKMENISTAN 2 Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative.
    [Show full text]
  • Investor's Atlas 2006
    INVESTOR’S ATLAS 2006 Investor’s ATLAS Contents Akmola Region ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Aktobe Region .............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Almaty Region ............................................................................................................................................................ 12 Atyrau Region .............................................................................................................................................................. 17 Eastern Kazakhstan Region............................................................................................................................................. 20 Karaganda Region ........................................................................................................................................................ 24 Kostanai Region ........................................................................................................................................................... 28 Kyzylorda Region .......................................................................................................................................................... 31 Mangistau Region ........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Kazakhstan Regulatory and Procedural Barriers to Trade in Kazakhstan
    UNECE UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE Regulatory and procedural barriers to trade in Kazakhstan Regulatory and procedural barriers to trade in Kazakhstan - Needs Needs Assessment Assessment Information Service United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Palais des Nations UNITED NA CH - 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland Telephone: +41(0)22 917 44 44 Fax: +41(0)22 917 05 05 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.unece.org TIONS Printed at United Nations, Geneva GE.14-22004–May 2014–150 UNITED NATIONS ECE/TRADE/407 UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE Regulatory and procedural barriers to trade in Kazakhstan Needs Assessment United Nations New York and Geneva, 2014 2 Regulatory and procedural barriers to trade in Kazakhstan Needs Assessment Note The designation employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the ex- pression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers of boundaries. This study is issued in English and Russian. ECE/TRADE/407 Copyright © 2014 United Nations and International Trade Centre All rights reserved Foreword 3 Foreword The International Trade Center (ITC) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) are pleased to present the needs assessment study of regulatory and procedural barriers to trade in the Republic of Kazakhstan. We would also like to express our appreciation to Kazakhstan’s Centre for Trade Policy Development under the Ministry of Economic Development, which cooperated with both ITC and UNECE in preparing the study.
    [Show full text]