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Evaluation of Citron (Citrus Medica) Accessions Under North Eastern Region of Bangladesh

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Evaluation of Citron (Citrus Medica) Accessions Under North Eastern Region of Bangladesh Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(4): 2891-2898 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 04 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.804.338 Evaluation of Citron (Citrus medica) Accessions under North Eastern Region of Bangladesh J.C. Sarker1*, M.H.M.B. Bhuyan1 and S.M.L. Rahman1 Citrus Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Jaintiapur, Sylhet, Bangladesh *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The goal of this research was to evaluate citron (Citrus medica) accessions for their vegetative and yield contributing characters for increasing productivity through superior accessions maintained at Citrus Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Jaintapur, Sylhet, Bangladesh. The experimental plot had sandy loam K e yw or ds textured soil. Nine citron germplasm collection from farmer’s field of different locations of Sylhet region of Bangladesh and were used as the planting material. Plants were planted in Fruit, Albedo, Flevedo, Peel, randomized complete block design with three replications and evaluated in 2015 on the Citron, Accessions basis of their growth, yield attributes and fruit characters viz., plant height, plant volume, time of flowering, duration from flower to fruit maturity (Days), number of fruits/plant, Article Info Individual fruit weight (g), yield/plant (kg), fruit yield (t/ha), yield efficiency (kg/m³), Accepted: fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), Peel thickness (mm), Peel weight (g), Albedo TSS (%), number segments/fruit, seed weight/fruit (g), edible portion (%) along with some 20 March 2019 Available Online: qualitative traits like fruit surface texture, fruit axis, fruit shape, fruit apex, fruit base, 10 April 2019 flavedo color, albedo color, fruit aroma. The results showed that the growth parameters differed significantly among the tested accessions. Highest number (41.7) of fruits per plant, largest fruits (8312g), highest yield/plant (34.85 kg) and highest yield/ha (21.78 t) were recorded in CM Jai-062. Beside this CM Jai -061, CM Jai -063 and CM Jai -064 also had higher yield capability. Introduction species of genus Citrus (Kamal et al., 2011). Scora (1975) and Barrett and Rhodes (1976) The genus Citrus, belonging to the Rutaceae suggested that there are only three ‘basic’ true or Rue family, comprises of about 140 genera species of citrus within the subgenus Citrus as and 1,300 species. Citrus sinensis (Sweet follows: citron (Citrus medica L.), mandarin Orange), Citrus paradise (Grapefruit), Citrus (C. reticulata Blanco), and pummelo (Citrus limon (Lemon), Citrus reticulata (Mandarin), maxima (Burm) Merrill), other species within Citrus grandis (Pummelo), Citrus aurantium this subgenus are hybrids derived from these (sour orange), Citrus medica (Citron), and true species, species of subgenus Papeda or Citrus aurantifolia (lime) are some important closely related genera. The natural and 2891 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(4): 2891-2898 commercially cultivated citrus include medical preparations, and in Guatemala, it is oranges, grapefruits, lemons, lime and citron. used as flavoring for soft drinks (Bhuiyan et al., 2009). In Brazil, the peel is used to Citron is a fragrant citrus fruit, botanically prepare jellies and other sweets (preserves named as Citrus medica. The designation and crystallized fruit). This species is also medica given by Linnaeus is apparently used for the treatment of various diseases in derived from its ancient name "Median or traditional Indian medicine. The ripe fruit is Persian apple" that was reported by used to treat sore throat, cough, asthma, Theophrastus, who believed it to be native to earache, scurvy and hemorrhoids. The water Persia or the land of the Medes. distilled from the fruit is soothing (Kirtikar and Basu, 1993; API, 2001). The seeds are The edible fruit of various citrus species are used as a vermifuge, a stimulant and a cardiac widely used for flavors, jam, pickles and tonic. In China and Japan, the fruit is used as confectioneries. Essential oils obtained from an air freshener and is considered a symbol of the leaves and fruit are also used as perfumery happiness and prosperity. ingredient to scent toiletry products. Widely known as citron, the hybrids and cultivars of The north-eastern region is rich treasure of C. medica is often grown or cultivated for various Citrus species and varieties their fruit production mainly for medicinal (Bhattacharya and Dutta, 1956). North- and ritual purposes rather than for food eastern region of Bangladesh is major citrus (Morton, 1987). Various parts of the plant producing area, accounting for more than 60 have been used in traditional medicinal % of citrus production in the region (Anon., preparations for the treatment of asthma, 2010). Citron is grown successfully in this arthritis and stomachache (Perry, 1980). region is gaining importance because of export potentiality worldwide for its aroma The lemon and orange are peeled to consume and nutritive value. The average yield of their pulpy and juicy segments but the citron's citron in Bangladesh relatively low compared pulp is dry, containing a small quantity of to that of other citron producing countries. insipid juice. The main content of a citron Among citrus, citron is considered as the most fruit is the thick white peel, which adheres to important horticultural fruit crop of the the segments, and cannot be separated easily. regions, which plays vital role in sustaining This peel is eaten with rice in Bangladesh, the livelihood of farmers. This is due to India and Indonesia as fresh or salad like presence of vast diversity among accessions cucumber or tomato. As fresh or salad it in horticultural traits, thus lack of high yield differs with cucumber or tomato in terms of variety maybe minimized by detailed and eating system, i.e., it must be eaten just after systematic study. Therefore, the objective of rice like as queen chilli. This fruit is weighted this work was to evaluate citron accessions from 250 g to 3.5 kg or more. But the for their vegetative and yield contributing exportable size is limited to 500-600 g. Citron characters for increasing productivity through is now exported to the EU markets from superior accessions. Bangladesh. As Bangladesh is one of the primary centers of origin of citron. Materials and Methods Field plot management Citron peel is eaten with rice in Bangladesh, India and Indonesia. In Spain, syrup made The experiment was set up at Citrus Research from the peel is used to flavor unpalatable Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research 2892 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(4): 2891-2898 Institute (BARI), Jaintapur, Sylhet (25.13562º canopy. Yield (kg/plant) was recorded on N latitude, 92.13217 º E longitude, 36m of every commercial harvest. Yield efficiency elevation from mean sea level), Bangladesh, was calculated as the ratio of fruit yield during 2015. A total of nine citron germplasm (kg/plant) to canopy volume (m3). The were used for the study. The plants were relationship between yield efficiency and tree planted in square planting system with 4×4 m² volume was analyzed by a regression model spacing in the year of 2005. The climatic (Cantuarias, 2010). Data on growth and fruit condition of the experimental location was characters were recorded as per the descriptor subtropical in nature, which is characterized for Citrus (IPGRI, 1999). with the pre monsoon (March to April), the monsoon (May to September) and the winter Experimental design and statistical or dry season (November to February). analysis Annual average rainfall ranges from 4500- 6000 mm, the mean maximum and minimum The experiment arranged in a completely temperatures are 36ºC and 6ºC in the month randomized block design (RCBD) with three of April and January respectively (Table 1). replications and each replication had 10 plants. Data were analyzed using MSTATC The soil of the experimental plot belongs to and means were compared by Duncan’s northern and eastern piedmont plains (AEZ multiple range test (DMRT) at 5 % level of 22 of Bangladesh) having sandy loam confidence. textured soil [9]. At the very beginning of the study the soil was with pH 4.8 and organic Results and Discussion carbon 1.28 per cent. Each plant was fertilized with 7 kg cow dung, 200 g of urea, 150 g of A wide variation was observed in case of TSP and 200 g of MoP in two equal splits one different growth characteristics of the citron before rainy season and another after rainy germplasm tested. Size of canopy (plant season. Two full cover spray of [email protected] height and volume) is positively related with g/l was applied 3-4 times at 10-12 days fruit yield of citrus (Anderson, 1987; Obreza intervals to control canker disease. and Rouse, 1993). Maximum plant height was Imidachloprid (Imitaf @ 0.25 ml/L) was recorded in CM Jai-060 (2.88 m) which was applied to control leaf miner when new leaves statistically similar with CM Jai-064 (2.79 m), emerged. Weeding was done in rainy season CM Jai-062(2.75m) and CM Jai-065(2.74m) before applying fertilizer. while minimum (2.06 m) was found in CM Jai-067 (Figure 1). Measurements Plant volume is an important parameter for Data were recorded on growth parameters viz. determining the spacing of the plant. Hence growth in plant height, canopy spreading, plant volume is measured and found plant volume (m3), fruits per plant, yield per significant variation among different plant (kg) and yield efficiency kg per plant genotypes tested. Overall average plant per m3. Following (Wutscher and Hill, 1995) volume varied from 5.16 mᵌ to 3.02 mᵌ. In the through minor amendment canopy volume study more vigorosity (5.16 mᵌ) was found in were calculated via the formula V (m3) = (H × CM Jai-062 followed by CM Jai-060 (5.02 D²)/4 where, V was plant volume, H was mᵌ) While comparatively weak plants (3.02 plant height and D was the average value of mᵌ) was found in CM Jai-067 (Figure 2).
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