CONTENTS

Vol. 18 APRIL, 1955.

EDITORIAL: M.V. "DUNTROON"— 10,500 ion. A Hopeful Sign from Canberra 4 High Coil of Jet Pilots 5 MELBOURNE STEAMSHIP

ARTICLES: CO. LTD. British Conference Criticises U.S. Shipping Policy 7 Head Office:

The Trend of Meritime Power 10 31 KING ST.. MELBOURNE BRANCHES OR ACENCIES Review of U.K. Shipping 12 AT ALL I'ORTS MANAGING AGENTS FOR Britein's Carriers Will be Bigger end Beller 16 Sycamores are in quantity HOBSONS BAY DOCK AND The NATO Fleet 21 ENGINEERING CO. PTY. LTD. production for the British Services, Sub. Menece to N.Z. 24 Worke: Williamstown, Victoria HODGE ENGINEERING CO. and are already in operation PTY. LTD. FEATURES: Worke: Suaeex St.. Sydney, with the Royal Air Force, and News of the World's Nevies 15 COCKBURN ENGINEERING the Army, the Royal Australian Meritime News of the World 19 PTY. LTD. Worke: Hinee Rd.. Fremantle. Air Force, the Royal Australian Personelities 26 SHIP REPAIRERS. ETC. Book Reviews 29 Navy, the Belgian Air Force and For See Cedets 31 British European Airways. FICTION:

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April, 1955 Isn't it time THE UNITED SHIP SERVICES THE NAVY LEAGUE to paint your house? PTY. LTD. OF AUSTRALIA. PATRONI Hi* Fit. lien, y The Governor-General. FEDERAL COUNCIL. WITH THIS President: Comdr. (S) J. D Bate., V.R.D . R A.N.V.R. • Deputy Pre.idem: Cumdr. R A. Nettlrfnld. D.S.C.. V.R.D., R.A.N.R. Senary: R. Neil Walford. Eaq.. )l! nindera, St., Melbourne, C.I. Hon. Treasurer: R. Neil Walford. E.q Take a good look at your house! Doesn't New South Wales Division: it NEED paint? Then if it does, money Patron: Hn Excellency 'The Governor of can't buy a better paint than Berger- New South Water master — designed to shield your home President: Comdr. W. L. Rrilly, R A.N. behind styrenated-plastic armour. Yes, (Retd.). Secretary: R [. Rae, Esq . gj Pitt Street Bergermaster contains the miracle plastic BU 1771. ingredient, STYRENE. Sun and rain Hon. Treaiurer- p. f Triuu. Eaq. can't cling to its glass-smooth finish. Years after you paint with Bergermaster Victorian Division: you'll hear comments on its "new" look. ALL GLASSES OF SHIP REPAIRS AND FITTINGS Patron: Ht» Excellency The Governor of Victoria. Yes, if your house needs painting do it UNDERTAKEN Preaident: Comdr. R. A. Ncttlefold, D.S.C.. now in gleaming, lasting colour with V R I) . R A.N.R. Styrenated Bergermaster . . . watch how S^wttry: R. Neil Walford, Esq.. 312 # Available in 23 brilliant trim 88-102 NORMANBY RD., STH. MELBOURNE, VIC. nindera, St.. Melbourne, C.l. you'll save and save and save with Hon. Treasueer: M A. Glover. Bio. overy EXTRA year of home protection. colours and popular pastel shades. Telephone*: MX 5231 (6 lines). South Australian Division: Patron: Hia Ea.'cllency The Governor of SHIELD YOUR HOME BEHIND S— th Australia President: Lieut -Comdr. C. C. Shinkficld R.A N.R. (retd ). STYRENATED PLASTIC-ARMOUR Hon. See.: Lieut. Comdr. (S) L. T. Ewena, R.A.N.V.R., 12 Pirie Street. Adelaide. _ WITH Tasmania*! Division: Patron: Vice-Admiral Sir Guy Wyatt, K.B.E., C.B . R.N. (retd.). Piwidcnt: C. H. Hand. Eaq.. M.H.A. Hon. See.: Comdr. G E. W. W. Bayly. O.B.E.. V.R.D., R.A.N.V.R. (retd.). 726 Sane v Bay Rd.. Lower S"andy Bav. l?€\gevituwtev Hobart. Western Australian Division: Patron: Hi« Excellency The Governor of THE FULL-GLOSS EXTERIOR FINISH THAT MAKES Weatern Auatralfa. President: Hon. Sir Frank Gibson. K.C.M.G. Hon. Sec.: K. Olson. Eaq.. 62 Blencowe ORDINARY-TYPE PAINTS OLD FASHIONED St.. West Leederville, W.A. Queensland Division: Patron: His Excellency The Governor of Queensland. Preaident: Comdr. N. S. Pixley, M.B.E., V.R.D., R.A.N.R. (retd.). Ryan House. Eagle Street. Brisbane. Hon. Sac.: Lieut.-Comdr. O. C. McDonald. R.A.N.V.R. (retd ). Box 1441T. G.P.O.. Brisbane.

AUSTRALIAN SEA CADET COUNCIL. Representatives of the Naval Board: Director o( Naval Reserves. Capt. A. S. Roacnthal. D.S.O.. R A N (Chairman). Comdr. F. R. James, R.A.N. Rapraaantativn of The Navy League: Comdr. R. A. Ncttlefold. D.S.C.. V.R.D.. R.A.N.V.R. L. G. Pearion. Eaq ; L. Forsythe, Esq.: Lieut. (S) P O Evans. R.A.N.V.R Hon. Secretary: R Neil Walford. SIEMENS (AUSTRALIA) PTY. 1 LIMITE s ! D ( n i, i r . «|||01ltl . 5 0 I t S I D 1 • B R t S B J V • " ; April. 1955 3

THE NAVY Britain has had no Naval building programme worth mentioning since the war and for'some years to come will continue to be dependent on the American ORIENT LINE Serves 5 Continent? Australia's Navy to a large extent in the event of war. It is important that Australia should not fall a victim of the same hypnosis. Compared with Britain the thr eat to Australia of a quick knock-out atomic attack is remote. But our defence zone lies in the sea, and we should be planning and building vigorously to that end. The Australian Navy has a distinct and important place in the overall defence pattern of the Com- monwealth and its allies. For that reason alone we should be looking scarchingly at our resources of conventional weapons particularly of our Fleet Air Arm, which in common with Britain and America we now regard as the teeth of our Navy. The Prime Minister stated - as we pointed out in our March issue — that the democratic world at present was "substantially inferior" to the Com- munist world in conventional war weapons. It would be madness, he said, for the democratic countries to suspend production of these types of weapons. Let us hope that the Government will take an equally realistic view when it comes to providing something more material than a statement of policy that is, when it begins to provide the weapons and men we need. Vol. II. APRIL. 1955 No. 4. countries, in whose area of interest the danger of war is pressing. A HOPEFUL SIGN FROM CANBERRA It was refreshing to hear Mr. Menzies declare HIGH COST OF JET PILOTS. that "an insular view of Australian defence would be the very definition of disaster." As a statement In his statement on foreign policy to the House The jet aircraft pilot — whether R.A.N, or of policy that is reassuring. But it must be im- R.A.A.F. is the most expensive man in Aus of Representatives, the Prime Minister said that his plemented quickly, and that means we must have discussions with the United States Government on tralian uniform, says the "Sydney Mornin" the men. weapons, and supply to make its im- Herald." defence against Communist aggression had been plementation a realistic fact. "eminently satisfactory and comforting." Mr. The policy means that a heavy responsibility will It costs £35,000 to put him there. Menzics conveyed some of that comfort when he fall on the Navy, whose mobility and versatility in spoke of the dangers of insularity of defence "Behind each pilot there is a colossal organisa- battle automatically place it in the foremost line of tion of men and machines," the newspaper adds. strategy and of the "madness" of neglecting con- our defensive operations. The Navy will accept ventional weapons, despite the atomic age. "Service auditors estimate that each flying hour that task cheerfully, although more cheerfully if it costs at least £100. It takes 24 months to train a Only those who may wish to sacrifice national were provided with the means of discharging its pilot to squadron standard so that he can join a safety for the sake of personal political advantage responsibilities effectively. In this regard, of course, front-line operational wing. During that time he will dispute the wisdom of meeting the threat of the Prim.- Minister relayed the United States has flown about 500 hours, on elementary and Government's promise of "effective co-operation" war as far as possible from our own shores. And advanced machines. with Australia in the Malayan move and its meeting the threat of war includes efforts to contain "About £10,000 has been spent on the pilot by local conflicts and "cold" wars, of which we have assurance that it would consider on the highest level what war material America could send us. the time he goes to an operational training unit. had some experience since the end of World War II. Up to then he is merely a fledgling. The "cold" front in the Asian zone is shifting Helpful though these will be, their inclusion in steadily southwards. It is prudent and proper that the Prime Minister's statement carried a faintly "The rest of the time and money go in perfect- Australia should make her contribution to help stop disquieting overtone — a dim echo of the British ing his skill on jet machines or the latest bombers its development. This action, represented by Aus- Government's harassed cry when dealing with its in the Australian Services. tralia's decision to increase her armed forces in the Navy plans. Britain's preoccupation with her very "At about 35 a pilot becomes physically unfit for Malayan area, as the Prime Minister said, cannot understandable fear of atomic attack has led to front-line flying and is usually withdrawn from the ORIENT UNE be regarded seriously as "imperialism." On the grave confusion in her Naval planning. Despite squadron. This is because as machines go higher the good intentions set out in the British Govern- ORIENT STEAM NAVIGATION CO. LTD. contrary it is essentially a defensive move which and faster so do their demands on the men who INCORPORATED -IN ENGLAND must have the support of the Manilla Treaty ment's recently issued 1955 Statement on Defence, fly them increase."

THE NAVY April. 1955 3 British Conference Criticises U.S. Shipping Policy The British shipping industry has been striving for centuries to restrain Ashore! "flag discrimination." At the recent annual meeting of the Chamber of Stat* Elactricity Commission. Shipping of the United Kingdom the fight was renewed and the chief Imparial Chamical Industrias A.NX opponent named — the United States of America. Sir Colin Anderson Australian Gas Light Co. Australian Iron and Staal Ltd. charged the United States with maintaining its merchant navy "by what Stawarto and Lloyds. amounts to a levy on world trade." This levy was "unacceptable and Thompsons (Castlamaina). Dapartmant of Railways. unneighbourly." Watarslda Cold Storai. Straats lea Craam. OIR COLIN, in proposing a that we British shipowners feel but in its cross trades as well) Nuffiald (Aus».) Ltd. Vacuum Oil Coy. ^ resolution on flag discrimina- that there should be no new mer- considering that this is a nation tion (it appears in the panel on chant navies. I can think of sev- which has come out strongly and the next page) said that the eral nations which would have openly—and rightly, too—as an British shipping industry now every reason for developing their apostle of the policy of the Afloat! ^^^H t iced a moment when particular own merchant navy. All we ask liberalisation of world trade. Cockatoo Docks Enqinaaring ir.inkness should be used. is that they should develop them "We all know how this mis- Staam Ship Co. r. Between the wars the forms on the proper basis, if they need taken 50 per cent, policy of the Jamas Patrick and Co. Pty. Ltd. J^^^^^^^BUl taken by flag discrimination were them and can pay for them. U.S. ! uses the cost of goods transport- sued by this particular nation Administration, hut as we feci ed by sea. (and pursued not onlv in its in- this so strongly it would be folly "I do not wish it to be thought ward and outward seaborne trade not to speak out plainly. We have THI N> accepted the utuation long between the United Kingdom and finance exports to other countries enough. America, which I may take as a which are to be nominated, but "We must ask whether the current example. cannot be have not yet been nominated ac- United States sincerely wishes to :lasscd along with the original cording to the wishes of the Am- impose these illiberal terms of sea- type of trade agreement of the erican Government. carriage to the detriment of the 'aid' period It docs not in itself, "All that has happened is that maritime, freedom-loving nations, for instance, constitute gift or America has sold an embarrassing which the United States has surplus of coal and we have openly said it wishes to foster. THE RESOLUTION. bought it. If the application of "To show the extent to which the 50 per cent, rule can be used things have gone 1 should say The annual meeting of to cover matters of this sort, then that, apart altogether from the the Chamber of Shipping of my suggestion is that it can be recent United States Cargo the United Kingdom, on used to cover anything, and the Preference Act, there is earlier February 24, resolved to:— time has come for us to speak out legislation of Congress dealing "(1) record the conster- and say that this must really not with this matter and that it too nation with which ifritish go on." is now being invoked. Under shipping views recent pur- Mr. L. G. Dann, who support- Public Resolution No. 17 (dated chases of commodities from ed Sir Colin Anderson's resolu- as far back as 1934) it can be the United States on terms tion. criticised the British Govern- claimed that equipment bought which, while not affording ment for "sacrificing a principle in America by some foreign enter- any direct aid to the United to which it paid and indeed still prise (the purchase of the equip Kingdom, involve the appli- pays lip service." ment having been made possible cation of the requirement Referring to the purchase of by loans made by private bankers for 50 per cent, carryings 250,000 tons of American coal, in America but guaranteed by the in American ships to trans- he said that British tramp owners Export-Import Bank) must be actions which otherwise did not resent the competition of made available in its entirety for would have been dealt with American ships. shipment in American ships and on an ordinary commercial On the contrary, they regarded not as to 50 per cent. only. M mb ,K> basis; the seven seas as the proper ' *" " s-r- - - - "The more one studies the (2) register its equal con- sphere where the mercantile fleets terms of the various American cern at the growing ten- of the whole world should meet enactments on the subject, the dency of other countries to in free and open competition. feeling throughout the world support their mercantile refused the American terms when have gone through on the normal more one sees how discriminatory Britain placed no bar against the :id particularly to the nation is came to a question of supplying can be their use. The harder times marines by requiring a pro- free trading of ships of any ; rincipally concerned. It is fre- commercial basis. portion of imports avid or coal under the Mutual Security become at sea, the more we shall nationality whatsoever in any quently impossible of application. Aid plan, and all honour to hi? "1 was astounded when I heard notice this. The larger the Ameri exports to be shipped in part of the world, including its When that happens the complica- that the bargain had been made national fl'g tonnage: and to for so doing. Our position was can maritime fleet becomes the own coasts. te 'ns which arise arc complex and much stronger. This coal was ni without the British Government (3) call on Her Majesty's more we shall suffer. And the Mr. Dann said: "As to the tar reaching, as we may very soon gift. We are paying the full price having the slightest idea what more America employs the 50 per Government— operation of this 50 per cent, Mid out when the Americans arc for it. It is quite true that we are the Americans were going to buy cent, and other flag discriminatory (a) to refrain from entering rule, I am glad that Sir Colin unable to find their 50 per cent. paying in Sterling and not in di I- with the Sterling. It may well be rules the more they will be copied into any further trans- has stressed the point that it is any one particular trade. We lars, as was the case hitherto, but that, as a result of this deal, we by other nations. We have al- actions where the pur- not a 50-50 rule. I go further -hall find that it is tacked on to the plain fact is that the British have, in fact, sacrificed other ready recorded over twenty inter- chase of commodities than he. He said that it means - mething else, to a global figure. Treasury—and this is where the foreign exchange which would be national trade agreements in would be subject to the '0 per cent. American and 50 per "Let us examine the excuse danger lies—was so dallied by almost if not quite as important which this has been done re- 50 per cent, discrimina- cent for the rest of the world. But f"r this. We hear a good deal dollars that it failed to pcrccivc to us as American dollars. cently. tory shipping require- it is not even that. It is 50 per about gifts and aid. If you make the pit before its feet. Worse "This is a very tragic state of "As I have said, when first this ment; and cent. American and 50 per cent, a gift, for example, of a pair of still, having fallen into the pit it (b) in furtherance of its de- among the mercantile fleets of affairs. It is quite obvious that we system became prevalent after the -rutches to a cripple, I take it was still so dazzled by the golden must exercise eternal vigilance be- war one understood the generous clared policy of oppos- the whole world, including the that the cripple has no right to light that it thought it was stand- ing flag discriminatory Amerkean. cause we never know when this gift nature of the transactions demand that they should be sent ing on the top of Mount Pisgah. is going to be extended or where under which American shipping practices wherever they "That is a serious situation. If to him by registered post rather gazing into the promised land. are met, to renew its is is going to break out afresh. got these advantages. One accept- there must be, for reasons of their than by Carter Paterson. If, on We must preach against flag dis- efforts to bring all such ed the terms. The transactions own. some assistance given to the other hand, you merely go tc "There was no excuse for the crimination in all its forms in were comprehensible The funds practices to an end. American ships or to ships of him and offer to help him to buv British Government sacrificing a season and out of season and we available to us through American other nationalities, there can be nis crutches, then he is entitled to principle to which it paid—and must hope that all the nations of generosity were kept in this aid to us in this country at all. no question that the proper way a say in how they should be sent indeed still pays—lip service. The the world will eventually come country and were used in this The sterling equivalent is not to to do it is the clean and open I to him. purchase was made at a time to see that in the freedom of the country. way, not introducing restrictions when our dollar reserves were ex- be used for the direct benefit of "In the case of Norway, she seas lie the true prosperity of all "But the recent coal transaction the United Kingdom. It is to of this kind, which can only cause ceptionally high and it should the goodwill which goes with it." April, 1955 THI NAVY * The Trend of Maritime Power By Donald Barry

CINCE World War II naval But the ulumate future of the N.A.T.O. would not in any ^ power has irresistibly exerted aircraft carrier is bound to be future war be called upon to more and more influence on naval considered against the back- operate their naval forces alone. strategy and tactics. The aircraft ground of modern weapons The collective strength will co- carrier has become the focal point which may be fitted with atomic operate and operate as a whole of the major fleets of the world. warheads. What is the official re- under a planned allied direction. The phrase "naval power" is action to this? As far as can be The present policy of the rapidly being superseded by the ascertained it is on these lines: Royal Navy is, therefore, to new phrase "maritime power," The aircraft carrier is not more maintain in commission a rela- the latter acknowledging that tively small number of aircraft control of the sea today also in- vulnerable than any other ship afloat. Its damage control system carriers which, in company with volves control of the air over the United States carriers, could com- sea in a much more complete is most effective, making it an exceedingly difficult ship to sink. mand whatever area they oper- sense than was possible in World ated in; and if the Russian War II. It is sucb a dangerous offensive weapon that an enemy might be "Sverdlov" class cruisers were en- A vital part of the exercise of prepared to launch large and ex- gaged in hostile action in the maritime control is undoubtedly ceedingly expensive weapons North Atlantic some such vested in the aircraft carrier and against it, but it must never be offensive task forces would imme- her squadrons. Although the overlooked that it will always diately become necessary. smoke of the atom bomb still have considerable ability to de- More precisely, the aim is to clouds the shape of the navy of fend itself, and, if operating in make an equitable contribution the future one thing is clear: that waters where it would be liable to the N.A.T.O. forces, (a) of naval aircraft and ships from to heavy attack, it would have a heavy types of earners for which they operate will be the strong escort. Then, of course, offensive operations; (b) of Goliath of future naval planning. it has been shown in war that lighter types of carriers for trade What then is the ship strength every weapon has its counter protection, and (c) of others for of the Air Arm? weapons, and also that it is im- ferry and maintenance duties prudent to dispense with old and normally associated with a fleet The near future strength is 18 tested ideas and weapons until train. carriers: two "Eagle" class vessels, new ones have been proved. four "Hermes" class ships, five Docs our carrier strength meet "Colossus" class carriers, five But while the Royal Navy is this requirement? By and large it World War II fleet types, two confident that present or future docs. No other nation, apart ferry carriers. Some of these ships aircraft carriers will be of vital from the U..A., has a carrier are not yet in service but near importance in war, it views the force remotely approaching it. It completion, and a few of those large atack carriers of the U.S. would not be difficult to make out ""GOOD-BYE, AUSTRALIA" near completion are partly 60,000-ton "Forrestal" class as a case for a stronger force, hav- manned by the Navy. There arc unnecessarily large for the British ing regard to Britain's large over- in addition five light fleet carriers tactical and strategical roles and seas commitments; but at present THEY SIGNALLED in service with, or building for. too big for the majority of docks the country must continue to be content with essentials. Neverthe- The cruiser Australia on March the H.M.A.S. Australia Veterans Commonwealth Navies. and canals of the world. 27 began her last voyage- -towed her name will live forever in the The cost of building such ships, less, it is a startling fact that Association and other ex-service- The present aircraft carrier there is at present no carrier, or by the Dutch tug Rode Zee from men and their families proud record of the fighting serv- strength is, ship for ship, approxi- however valuable they might Sydney to shipbreakers in Eng- ices of our country." prove to be, would also, it is any other major warship, on the The Flag Oflicer-in-Charge East mately equal to the battleship stocks. land. In the last war the Australia strength of the Navy in 1930 thought, strain the British tax- Australian Area. Rear-Admiral saw service in the Atlantic and Sydney yachtsmen and residents H. J. Buchanan, with Rear-Ad- when aircraft carrier strength payer to breaking point, and if The Navy is, however, in the in ferries and small craft pave the Pacific. She was in action at money were to become available process of modernising its carrier miral H. B. Farncombe and Rear- Dakar, Guadalcanal, the Coral was roughly equal to the battle- old ship a warm farewell as she Admiral H. A. Showers as his ship strength of today. Their on a scale required for such con- fleet. Some time next year the moved down the harbour. Sea. Arawe. Cape Gloucester, struction it would be wiser to new Ark Royal, now doing her guests in the Admiral's barge, Hollandia, Wake. Biak. Morotai, Lordships, it would seem, now Thomas J. Ward (Aust.) Pty. saluted the Australia on her way build more ships of smaller sire trails, will come forward as Leyte. .'nd Lingayen. regard the aircraft carrier in Ltd., who bought the Austra'ia to the herds. much the same light as their pre- which will still have strong capa- fully one rational ship to join her from the Commonwealth Govern- The Australia was Rcar-Ad- bilities. sister ship the Eagle. These two Garden Island signalled "Good- Worid War II colleagues re- ment on behalf of the British Iron bye Australia." miral Farncombe's flagship at Lin- garded the battleship. In any event, nations within Continued on peg* and Steel Corporation, chartered gayen when she was fiercely the Showboat to carry members of Rear-Admiral Buchanan later attacked by Upuie* suicide' THE NAVY said . 'The Australia has gone but planes. April, 1955 II TABLE L scheme of the International Civil REVIEW OF U.K. SHIPPING Trading Vessels Owned and Registered in the United Aviation Organisation. Relative newcomers to this category include Kingdom, June, 1953 This is the first of three articles reviewing the strength of the United vessels specially built to carry ore, hulk sugar and other commodities. Kingdom merchant shipping fleet and the composition of shipping Thousand Average age No. gross tons (yearr.) In 1953,. four ore carriers were organisations. The second article will appear in next month's "Navy." launched, ranging from 6000 to Foreign .going: 11.000 gross tons. Passenger-cargo liner 243 5,05? 12.12 •TWENTY per cent of the two factors put net foreign ex- gross tons and over) has increased Cargo liner. 850 5,575 12.12 Shipping Organizations from 112 million gross tons in Tramps ., 470 world's shipping tonnage of change earnings by British ship- 2,505 10.92 Excluding Government-owned 1959 to over 22 million gross tons Tankers 457 100 gross tons and over is regis- ping at C22I million in 1952. 3,924 8.7ft tankers, cable ships, and ships in 13, an increase of 90 per Total ...... 2.020 14,857 tered in the United Kingdom, The merchant fleet 11.05 owned by the British Transport which has the largest merchant cent. compared with an increase At June 30, 1955, a total of of only about 28 per cent, in the Coasting and Hon- ? Trade: Commission, the business of mer- navy in active employment. A 18.7 million gross tons was regis chant shipping in peace time is greater tonnage—2ft million is world dry cargo tonnage. Passenger-cargo liners 135 227 17.11 tcrcd in the United Kingdom Including Admiralty and other Cargo liners — in the hands of private enterprise. registered in the United States 222 212 17.11 The main organizations con- Excluding river craft, vessels not tankers the United Kingdom Tramps 725 hut over half of thi« is in the ordinarily carrying passengers or 662 16.28 cerned with the activities, interests Reserve Fleet accounts for 4.ft million gross Tankers ' 105 65 I •».<• 7 cargo such as fishing vessels, tugs tons or 21 per cent, of the world's and common problems of the in- United Kingdom ships carry and cable ships. Admiralty ves- total tanker tonnage. dustry. are as follows: Total 1.185 1,164 16.56 probably over one-third of the sels (about 575,000 gross tons, Propulsion: The amount of The Corporation of Lloyd's: world's international sea-borne mainly tankers) and vessels regis coal tired tonnage in the United This body, which was founded in G ,-n-J Total ...... _ 3,205 16,021 11.45 traffic in passengers and goods, tcrcd in the United Kingdom but Kingdom trading fleet has tall n the seventeenth century, is a soci- and shipping makes the largest owned abroad, the gross tonnage in recent years to less than 1J Source: Ch.mb.r of Shipping of ety of underwriters whose m. in single contribution to the United was Ift million. These mil -on million tons. business is marine insurance. ^.iieen Elizabeth (83,000 tons), Kingdom's net invisible earnings gross tons, referred to later as This is only 7J percent, of the the Queen Mary (81,000 tons). specialized ships such as whaling Lloyd's Register of Shipping: of foreign exchange: £122 million the United Kingdom Trading total while of foreign-going ton- :he Mjtiretjn-j (35,667 tons) and ships — including factory ships Lloyd's Register is an organization, out of .1 total of £320 million in Fleet, are analysed by type, num nage only -»5 per cent, is coal distinct from the Corporation, her and average age in Table I. ('-uroniu (34,000 tons) owned by which process the catch into whale 1955. This £122 million excludes fired. Oil has tiken the place of oil: cablc ships which undertake which surveys and classifies ships Two important trends in recent ("unard White Star Ltd.. all in earnings of tankers and includes coal in steamships while the steam the laying, maintenance and repair with particular regard to their years have been the growth of the North Atlantic route. payments by foreign ships in engine is itself giving way to the of 20,000 miles of submarine cable: safety and operational efficiency. tanker tonnage, to meet increased Of ships built since the war, British pons. diesel engine. and four weather ships which It will accept responsibility for demands for oil. and th-: fall in the largest amount of tonnage An inquiry conducted by the In 1953, of 220 merchant ships serve weather stations in the North surveying and giving technical coal-fired tonnage. tails in the size group 10,000- Genera! Council of British Ship launched in the United Kingdom. Atlantic under the joint support advice on vessels of all flags from ping which takes account of these World tanker tonnage ("»' 85 (521,918 gross tons) were 15.000 tons, the group covering the initial stages of building, at steamships and 135 (795,<45 the hulk of tanker tonnage. Of gross tons) were motor ships. total launchings in 1953, seven The latest development is the ships exceeded 20.000 tons, four VESSELS BUILT, SLIPPED AND SERVICED. investigation being made into the were between 15,000 and 20,000 DIESEL, MARINE AND GENERAL ENGINEERING. use of gas turbines in ships. In tons. 52 between 10,000 and "TATTERSALL" GEO. MAMS 15,000 tons. 12 between 8000 and RIGGERS AND SHIPWRIGHTS. March. 1952, the first crossing of THE ORIGINAL SWEEP CONSULTATION the Atlantic using this form of 10,000 tons, and 40 between 4000 All classes of repairs and conversion work carried out. and 8000 tons. The seven ships propulsion was made by the Now Drawing at least tanker Anns. exceeding 20,000 tons were pas- MARINE INSTALLATIONS. MODERN SLIPWAY AVAILABLE senger liners or tankers and they Size Distribution: As to the THREE 5/- CONSULTATIONS FOR ALL TYPES OF CRAFT. included: ss Orsova (28.250 tons): size of foreign-going trading ton- ss Arcadia (28,000): ss Mel ![«i EACH WEEK nage, about 52 per cent, of tonnage (22,000); ss British Merchant of liners passenger and cargo- (21,000): and ss British Engineer £10,000 for 5/- are in the 6000-10.000 tons (20,960 tons), the last three being (A A. & W . Engineering group, and over 68 per cent, in the or tankers. & Ship Repair Co. size group 6000-15.000 tons. £60,000 for £1 Tankers are predominantly in There is, indeed, a trend in the the 8000-15.000 tons group. direction of tankers larger than Postage extra. Pig. Ltd. Tramps arc under 8000 tons and 15,000 tons. 1953 was also the Write direct to— year in which the Royal steam CAREENING COVE. MILSON'S POINT mainly over 5,000. Total tramp tonnage has fallen by one million yacht Britannia of 5.769 tons was launched. Telephones: XB 1675 and XB 4)8? tons since 1935. "TATTERSALL" GEO. ADAMS After Hours: XJ 32 H. There arc four ships of 30.000 Specialized Ships: In addition 244 FLINDERS STREET, MELBOURNE. tons and over. These arc the to oil tankers, there arc other

THI NAVY April. IMS the case may be. The National regular intervals (luring their ser- and the Commissioners of Irish NEWS OF THE WORLD'S NAVIES vice, and after casualties. A satis- Lights). Union of Seamen represents the factory Lloyd's classification is a Shipowners' Organizations: The interests of Merchant Navy ratings. guarantee to an underwriter that representative bodies speaking for R.N. Home Fleet March 29 after nine months pat- he may accept the risk of a vessel, shipowners generally (excluding, The National Maritime Board: Trophy for Fleet The National Maritime Board is exercises rolling in Korean waters. It was and this forms a strong link be- for the most part, owners of fish- Ships of the R.N. Home Fleet,- her second tour in that area— Air Arm tween the Register and the Cor- ing vessels) are the Chamber of composed of equal numbers of representatives of the shipowners which began their Spring exercises the first being from the outbreak The front and second line Fleet poration of Lloyd's. Shipping and the Liverpool Steam- on January 17, are scheduled to of the Korean war in June, 1950, Air Arm Squadron of the Royal ship Owners* Association. The and seafarers and is responsible The Corporation of Trinity for all negotiations of wages and return to their home ports in time to September of that year. Australian Navy will compete General Council of British Ship- to grant Easter leave to their com- annually for a trophy given by the House: This Corporation is ad- ping co-ordinates the views of the conditions of service in the Mer- On her voyage back to Austra- ministered by a Board of ten Elder chant Navy although, except by panies. lia the Shoalhaven battled through Fairey Aviation Company of Aus- shipping industry as a whole on tralasia Pty. Ltd. Brethren elected from the Royal all matters of major policy. special arrangements. National The Commander-in-Chief, Ad- what her commanding officer des- Navy and Merchant Navy The Maritime Board Agreements do miral Sir Michael Denny, G.C.B.. cribed as the "roughest weather 1 It will be awarded each year Corporation, which received its There are a number of local not apply to vessels under 200 C.B.E., D.S.O., is flying his flag have ever seen," and towed a dis- to the Squadron which has "car- first Royal Charter in the sixteenth associations of shipowners, centred gross tons or to tugs, salvage in H.M.S. Tvne, transferring his abled tanker to safety. A rating * ried out its designated task with century, is the general lighthouse around the main port areas. There vessels, etc. Detailed working of flag on certain occasions to the broke an ankle during the storm the highest degree of efficiency." authority for England and Wales, are, for example, the Bristol the Board is carried on by a num- fast minelayer Appollo. when a mess table collapsed. The Minister for the Navy Mr. the Channel Islands and Gibraltar. Steamship Owners' Association, ber of "panels" representing the Last month the Fleet took part J. Francis said that the trophy It is also the chief pilotage auth the London General Shipowners' various interests of those forming The tanker was the 1100-ton in combined exercises in the West- Pacific Clipper. The frigate towed would be called the Collins Tro- ority in the United Kingdom, Society, and the North of England the seafarers' part of the Board. ern Mediterranean with the Med- having the management of all her to Darwin, a tow of 450 phy as a tribute to Vice-Admiral Shipowners' Association. Others The Royal National Lifeboat iterranean Fleet. miles. Sir John Collins, who was so matters relating to pilots and represent companies specialising in pilotage in the London area, the Institution: Lifeboats in the closely associated with the intro- a particular trade or type of cargo. United Kingdom are maintained Congratulations on duction and development of the English Channel and certain other Living space in Employers' Organizations: The by the Royal National Lifeboat flood rescue work Fleet Air Arm in the Royal Aus- coastal districts of the United H.M. ships Kingdom. (Lighthouses in Scot- Shipping Federation and the Em- Institution, which depends entirely The Australian Minister for the tralian Navy, and who relin- land and Ireland are the responsi- ployers' Association of the Port of for its funds on voluntary sub- Navy, Mr. J. Francis, last month The Board of Admiralty has quished his appointment as Fiist bility respectively of the Commis- Liverpool are the employers' or- scriptions, and very largely for its sent to the Navy a message con- appointed a consultant to the Dir- Naval Member of the Australian sioners of Northern Lighthouses ganisations concerned with labour operation on voluntary work. gratulating officers and men on ector of Naval Construction to Naval Board in February. relations and the regulation of Conferences: British shipping the part they played in rescue advise on equipping and furnish- It is a silver model of the Fairey employment throughout the Mer- companies operating liners nave operations during the recent ing living space in H.M. ships. Gannct turbo-prop, three-seater chant Navy. They are responsible disastrous floods in New South associated with each other and The consultant. Major H. S. anti-submarine aircraft, which had for the administration of the Mer- with the companies of other Wales. been ordered for the Royal Aus- chant Navy Established Service The Minister made special Rowan, has had long experience PORT LINE countries operating on the same in fitting out living spaces in mer- tralian Navy. Scheme, under which shipowners routes in a series of "conferences" reference to the pilots and crews The first Gannets arrive in Aus- LIMITED engaging crews for ships of 200 of the Navy helicopters, and the chant ships. He will act in an designed to secure standardization honorary capacity. tralia in 1956 in H.M.A.S. Mel- Regular sailings for: tons and above engage them and stability of rates, and to main- Dakota and Firefly aircraft and bourne. through the Merchant Navy tain frequency and regularity of to the officers and men who The Admiralty, announcing the UNITED KINGDOM Establishment Administration un- '.'worked untiringly to keep the Mr. Francis added that the and CONTINENT, services. The essential principle of appointment, states: "The l..rgc Fairey Aviation Company of Aus- less they are prepared to offer two- aircraft in service." amount of fighting equipment TAKING WOOL, year Company Service contracts. a conference is the establishment tralasia Ltd. had maintained Fleet of a common tariff of freight "Once again the Royal Aus- which must be packed into modern Air Arm aircraft since the incep- REFRIGERATED The Shipping Federation, which tralian Navy has shown that it is warships takes up great space and and is under the control of a Manage- rates or passenger fares from each tion of naval aviation into the port of departure. Each conference always ready when called upon requires more men to operate it GENERAL CARGO ment Committee consisting of R.A.N, nearly six years ago. The meets from time to time to review to undertake a dangerous and than the simple equipment which present company in England had ALSO LIMITED representatives of shipowners' and onerous task." the Minister's mes- used to be fitted. Consequently seafarers' organizations and the and revise existing rates, or to been building aircraft for the NUMBER SALOON compile new ones. Some of the sage read, "and once again its the space that can be made avail- PASSENGERS. Government Departments con- Royal Navy for more than 30 cerned, also operates the National conferences may be connected by officers and men have lived up to able for living quarters is strictly years. The organisation in Britain For further particulars apply: Sea Training Schools set up for rate agreements, or may have its highest traditions. Their efforts limited. Because of this the Board some years ago made a similar joined together to form wider have brought the greatest credit of Admiralty attaches the greatest PORT LINE LTD., 'he purpose of training ratings presentation, the Boyd Trophy, to for the deck and catering depart- groupings. upon them and I extend to them importance to making the best use the Royal Navy. 1-7 BENT ST., SYDNEY ment and as firemen. The Baltic Exchange: British my heartiest congratulations on of the available space and to en- (Inc. in England) tramp shipping, and indeed the their achievement." suring that the standard of furni- The Minister laid that the win- tramp shipping of the world, is ture, furnishing, domestic equip- ning of this trophy was considend Or Agents: Seafarers' Organizations: Mas- "Shoalhaven" home a great distinction in the R.N.,, ters and officers arc represented by offered and engaged for charter ment, and other items which make GIBBS BRIGHT flc CO., hire in London's Baltic Exchange from long patrol for the comfort and well-being of and he was certain that the, the Mercantile Marine Service R.A.N. Fleet Air Arm Squadrons]! 37 PITT ST., SYDNEY Association, the Navigators' and where ship brokers and owners The Australian frigate Shoal- the ships' companies is as high as meet and arrange contracts for haven (Lieutenant - Commander possible, consistent with reasonable would regard the winning of tbej Aim at Engineer Officers' Union, the Mar- Collins Trophy as a signal honour J BRISBANE, MELBOURNE. ine Engineers' Association, the the movement of all types ol Max Lee) returned to Sydney on economy." ADELAIDE, PERTH, Amalgamated Engineering Union cargo between any ports in the •ad NEWCASTLE and the Radio Officers' Union, as world. April, IMS THE NAVY 14 Britain's Carriers Will Be Bigger and Better By a Special Correspondent in London -pHE FIRST LORD of the Ad- "We believe that these ships are miralty, Mr. J. P. L. Thomas, far less vulnerable to atttack by in the past few weeks has made the new bombs than any land tar- several significant policy- state- get of comparable importance. As ments at public functions. He his for submarine attacks, we already discussed aircraft carriers and have means of detection and cruisers—two types of warship counter-attack which would make well in the news becausc the life very hazardous indeed tor a recent controversy about whether hostile submarine—and we have atomic warfare and the Royal still better things up our sleeve." Air Force have made the Royal Just what these things were the Navy obsolescent—and the age- First Lord did not say. But he ing Fleet, a subject of acute con- put in a good word for H.M.S. cern to the Navy League here. Vanguard, which he described as The First Lord- views on one of the most formidable war- carriers (remember Lor J ships in the world and "which we Montgomery's expressed wish have no present intention of put- that no more large, expensive ting into reserve." carriers were hull:') was that car- Referring to the cruiser building riers were getting bigger and big programme (three Tigers), Mr ger. and so they should he. Thomas again was Kith compli- mentary and critical of this type He echoed the official Ameri- of warship. The Naval programme can view -— stated after Lord of big ships since the war was con- Montgomery's shattering remarks centrated on carriers, he said, for and at the time the U.S. was two main reasons: the carrier was H.M.A.S. Anne moves alongside H. launching its super-carrier For- the main striking power of the • All rcstal—that the carrier is far less modern Fleet, and it would he vulnerable to atomic attack than imprudent to lay down other big land bases. The big carriers, he ships which might become obsoles- said, are the striking force of the cent by the time they were com- be built for the Navy but their "Wc have never lost sight of Fleet and will remain so for pos- pleted. speed, endurance, versatility, and the fact that much of the Fleet is WE NOW HAVE A SCHOOL FOR FROGMEN sibly another generation of ships. armament will be a substantial The Board of Admiralty was ageing," the First Lord said. "Wc "Modern aircraft." he said, "de- accession of strength and wc shall have no intention of letting that quite convinced, he added, that it be very glad of these cruisers for The Royal Australian Navy has mand larger platforms from which would have been rash and ex- process go too far. A new genera- beaches, clearing and demolishing to operate. Small ships cannot be many years to come. tion of ships must join the Fleet set up a floating classroom in Syd- underwater obstacles, surveying travagant to undertake, say, a ney Harbour to train "frogmen." made to go fast so economically as ma jor programme of laying down "After all we cannot live en- in time to replace the present ones. harbour beds, and attacks against large ones. And the smaller carrier cruisers during the past few years. tirely in the future. That is a The familiar problem is to pursue It is a 200-ton converted con- shipping and port installations. cannot take enough aircraft to per- privilege of the armchair strate- research into new weapons and crete lighter, moored off Clarke "In a time of great change in It is the first time that frogman form thi three functions of the gist." their effects in good, time to enable Island. It was placed in position ideas of war and remarkable de- the necessary decisions to be taken training has been undertaken in offensive role—reconnaissance, at- velopments in weapons it is essen- The First Lord's remarks about late last month. Australia. tack, and self-protection. about this next generation of tial to pause and study form very the ageing Fleet arc not likely to ships." The lighter, now named the "We have at the moment in carefully," he said. reassure the critics—in particular The first instructional course Porpoise, forms part of the Tor- began on March 28. It comprised commission the five newest aircraft But he had a good word for the the Navy League, which is cam- But what is worrying a lot of pedo Antisubmarine School at carriers in the world. The fleet ear- Tigers and a deprecating word for paigning strongly for a vigorous people in Britain, conscious of the H.M.A.S. Rushcutter. Rushcutter 18 men instructed by Lieutenant- lier, such as the Eagle and Ari( those who live too much in the and continuous programme of re- fact that they are an island people Bay. Commander M. S. Batterham, Royal, can bring all the resources future. placement and is pointing out whose existence depends on their who formerly commanded the The Porpoise will be a ba«" for of a fully equipped modern air- "The three Tiger class cruisers that Britain does not possess one sea supply routes, is that unless Royal Navy's school for frog-, training Navy officers and ratings field to within a few miles of a . . . will be extremely useful and warship—other than some little a decision is taken and implement- men at Brixham, Devon, and | in underwater aspects of modern hostile shore and it can do so powerful. Quite possibly they will ships—of postwar design or con- ed mighty soon it might be a ease Lieutenant R. M. Titcombe. The warfare, including underwater anywhere in the world. be the last purely gun cruiser to struction. of too late in a few years' time. course will last three months. reconnaissance of enemy-held • Picture: overleaf. THE NAVY April, IKS MARITIME NEWS OF THE

from our Correspondents in LONDON and NEW YORK By AIR MAIL

Ships driven ashore At a preliminary inquiry in He said he felt sure that the London on March 22 two Austra- initiative and determination of the in fierce gales lian passengers in the Stratheden islands 70 inhabitants would Fierce gales which lashed the stated that it took more than an eventually float his yacht. coast of Britain on March 23 and hour for another boat from the 24 drove two ships aground and Stratheden to go to the aid of the Maiden voyage of delayed others. men in the first lifeboat. "Southern Cross" The Norwegian passenger ship Venus, 6272 tons, was driven on Ex-commander marooned The new 20,000 tons Shaw Savill liner Southern Cross left to rocks in Plymouth Sound on on Pacific atoll March 23, while at anchor. A Southampton on March 29 on her chip's lifeboat later landed 105 A Royal New Zealand Air maiden voyage, to Australia via passengers and crew, including 15 Force plane late last month the Panama Canal. women. dropped supplies on lonely Pal- She is scheduled to leave Syd- The other ship forced aground merston atoll, in the Cook group, ney on May 9 for the United vas the 397-ton Dutch ship Anni to a retired Royal Navy com- Kingdom calling at Melbourne, Henny which was battered by a mander who had been marooned Frcmantle, Durban. Capetown, .•ale on to rocks 300 yards from there since his yacht was wrecked and Las Palmas. the beach at the entrance to Port four months ago. The company has planned for Talbot, South Wales. The yachtsman, Victor Clark, her to make similar round-the- In North Devon gales up to 94 had been living with the island's world voyages — four complete miles an hour caused considerable inhabitants, who are descendants trips a year, two from the U.K. I damage to property ashore and to of an English sailor, William via South Africa and two from i -mall craft at anchor. Masters. the U.K. via Panama. A 50 miles-an-hour gale delayed On November 14 a hurricane The Southern Cross has a speed •he 81,000-ton liner Queen Mary drove his yacht. Solace, on to reef of 20 knots, and carries no cargo. vhich was due to have left off the island, badly damaging it She is of unique design, with fun- Southampton on March 24. The plane dropped nails and nel and engines situated as far aft other hardware and ship's stores as possible. This and the absence Seamen drowned in to help Clark repair his yacht, of cargo gear gives her 43,000 feet rescue attempt which the natives had dragged of clear deck space. Six Indian and two British mem- across the reef and then floated She carries 1160 passengers—all bers of the crew of the liner with 44-gallon drums across the tourist class. Public rooms include Stratheden and 11 Greek seamen laenon to the shore two dining salons and a large from the Greek trawler lason were Since then Clark and the natives cinema lounge with gallery, smoke- drowned in a rescue attempt in have been working on the yacht room, lounge, writing room, and a the Ionian Sea last month. to make it seaworthy again. room called the "tavern," which The Stratheden had sent one of In a radio message Clark s'id has a dance floor, a long bar, and At the R.A.N.'s newly-esteblished school for "frogmen" in Sydney Harbour, these four men prepare to dive on to the harbour her lifeboats to save the crew of that the way of life on Palmerston seating in continental style. floor. The school, esteblished on e 200-ton former lighter now known es H.M.A.S. Porpoise, begen its first initructionel the trawler, which was founder- Island was "Polynesian with a pro- Two swimming-pools are pro- course on Merch 28. ing. The lifeboat capsized and only nounced Victorian English slant vided—one indoors and the other four Greeks and three of the which comes down from old%Wil- on deck. Arrangements for child- Stratheden's crew were saved. liam Masters." ren include a recreation room for » THE NAVY

PAGES GLUED TOGETHER teenagers, a playroom for very crew were picked up from life- sal fin which cuts the surface ol young children, and a specially boats in calm water several hours the water and looks like a sail. THE NATO FLEET equipped play-deck. after the ship sank. Cunard liner is The ship is equipped with sta- By Lieut.-Commander N0WELL HALL up for sale bilisers to reduce rolling. Tugs refloat freighter The Cunard liner Georgic, at Newcastle all-important point that "Sank his ships," Two tugs on March 28 towed 27,469 tons, is for sale. She wa^ has too often been over- police claim the Australian interstate freighter one of Britain s troopships during ikod or iRnorcd by un,h,nking Brazilian police on March 23 Su'unriver off rocks in Newcastle war- , topic is that the combineJ alleged that a marine engineer on (N.S.W.) harbour after she had The Georgic will be sold wheii ,h of thc fourtccn N.A.T.O. she completes a voyage to AusI , , the Brazilian coastal ship Sutuj run aground two hours earlier. tjons (at K]> hat ()f the twc vc Maria had confessed to having The Su'dnnver runs between tralia. carrying immigrants. X-mk-r maritime countries) af- sunk his ship so that an unidenti- Whyalla in South Australia and U.S. fishing ships >rds the only possible reply to fied "master-mind" could collect Newcastle, carrying iron ore. captured ,c "-uss'an naval threats. about £446,000 in insurance. All shipping movement in the An Ecuadoran patrol vesseWlth the exception of America, The ship sank last November 111 harbour was stopped during the seized two United States fishing nation in the Organisation mysterious circumstances with a time the freighter was aground. ships on March 27, according t«Hd ^pc by itself to meet such cirgo said to have been worth On the same day the collier Press agency reports from Quito challenge as could be offered about £669,000. Mernoa towed a disabled fishing It fired on one of thc ships, thf RusfH 5 "»VV, for no in- The police claimed that the en- launch into Newcastle harbour. Arctic Maid, wounding one oH"*' nation can command gineer, Eurico Klinger, now await The launch, with two men on her crew. Thirteen other fishing1" resources. Russia s man- ing trial, was paid to open the board, had broken down at sea , . | Iwer reservoir is colossal—its underwater valves on the ship, about 15 miles from Newcastle Theodore.,,, Navy claimed -S reported to have 750.000 and that he did this after checking during the night. that the ships were illegally «»MJ«* This compares with the radio operator that there th h U S Nav in Ecuadorian waters. ; f * ( ' V * ^ were no possible rescue vessels in Rare fish caught Ecuadorc i . Chilerii , an„ di Peri>.„u, clamJengt n. of about 600.000.'.„,,' the vicinity. off N.S.W. coast tha. t thei, .r jurisdictio• i .. n ctxcnuis. 2'imitain" s tota. l of under 140.000, '. .. Unl,c Tr«;,...d The police said the captain. Mil Two Ulladulla (N.S.W.) fisher rvles out to sea. ibut th.i.e. i '0(1( lr ranee s hgure of about ton de Silva, was asleep at the men on March 23 caught two sail States docs not recognise the cl.nirr ' time. When he awoke he found fish, which arc extremely rare on The recent statement by thc the ship was sinking fast although the N.S.W. coast. Each fish 1'sh Admiralty on the cxpan- there had been no alarm He gave weighed about 20 pounds. ,..., . __ of Russia's new fleet was orders to abandon ship after frail The fisherman. J. Owen and D. tic efforts to find the cause proved Meyers, were trolling for tuna TWO MEN KILLED OKm, hut must bc consjdcr. unsuccessful—because the valves Sail fish belong to the marlin or "BLACK PRINCE" in its right perspective. The „ , miralty estimated that since Soo n aftec r he r return to xNcvr „ » jvalcm of £12non were then well under water. sword fish family. They arc so H The captain, his wife, and the named because of their large dor- Zealand waters from her rcceiv 1)r ;lblUlt ,mc.fifth of visit to Australia, the New ZedK . (ota] ndi;urc „„ je. land cruiser BM Prince lost tw£ hiJ ^ J^j ^ buj|d men killed by a premature ex ^ na plosion of a demolition charge. f (h, t r(tc ()f buj|Jj Wilh. WILHELMSEN AGENCY The cruiser was^exercising « imajncd jt js Mkved tha, Queen Charlotte Sound. " "Wo or three years the Russian north-eastern tip of the Sout^, ^ ,n,.|,„i.. ,n —.- PTY. LTD. Island. werful, fast and heavily-arm- Auitr.lian Bofori ,un „.w i„ . d..lro,., t..t, .<,uipm.nl .» „,. The men— Petty Officer R. H SYDNEY a: MELBOURNE ships obviously intended for Tuleiuilir

1955 » THE NAV PAGES GLUED TOGETHER II THE TREND OF MARITIME POWER craft carrier it is not yet apparent Russian figures quoted above are NEWS OF THE WORLD'S NAVIES that the same meticulous attention stipulated for 1956 or 1957—by Continued from pege 10. is being paid to the offensive. which time, it must be remember- Continued from pege 15. ships, the largest carriers ever So astonishing is the advance in On the other hand, this ap- ed, the size of the N.A.T.O. fleet built for the Royal Navy, will be aircraft performance, and conse- parent omission may be due to will be increased by tonnage now H.M.S. "Wren" returns E. Libby, Commander Battleship joined in the active fleet by the quently the equipment needed to far-sighted planning which makes under construction. to Britain Cruiser Force, Atlantic Fleet. four "Hermes" class carriers: the handle aircraft at sea, that it is a calculated risk acceptable at the The combined force of four car- Centaur and the Albion (both rapidly becoming more economical present time. The advent of Only in submarines may Russia After many commissions cover- riers conducted flying operations be stronger, but— as will be seen ing eight years of foreign service, working up) the Bulwark (com- to build a new carrier than to atomic propulsion and homing and for two days under the overall pleted but not yet in service) and modernise an old one. guided weapons (underwater, air here—the Allies are particularly during which she has steamed command of Vice-Admiral Combs. strong in anti-submarine vessels. more than 150,000 miles, H.M.S. the Hermes (under construction). The whole problem of naval to air, surface to surface, and sur- Wren, a frigate, returned to her The two British carriers, both of They will all ultimately have construction is also bedevilled by face to air) will ultimately mean Present N.A.T.O. Strength home port of Portsmouth on Jan- which have come into service in the most modern equipment, pro- the problem that modern equip- that specialised new ships and Battleships 25 uary 24 from the Persian Gulf. the past eighteen months, later left duced as a result of considerable ment requires considerable space, aircraft must be designed. Carriers 128 She is commanded by Com- the Sixth Fleet for Malta. They scicntibc research and experiment. while at the same time prudence The atomic age and the relent- Cruisers 123 mander E. M. D. I'Anson, R.N. proceeded in company with three This will include the steam cata- decrees that ships shall be smaller. less progress of science is thrusting Destroyers and Sixth Fleet destroyers, exercising pult which opens up great possi- Every endeavour is made to im- us forward to the day when pres- frigates 1410 en route. Joint exercises in bilities as the means of launching prove living spaces, but the effect ent types of ships and aircraft will Submarines 333 faster and heavier machines of of new equipment is constantly to no longer meet naval needs, but Minesweepers of Mediterranean "Nautilus" ends her the next generation of naval air- reduce the size of living space. until that time arrives there will all types 1124 Two British aircraft carriers, sea trials craft (including 'planes which may continue to be an imperative need Naval aircraft: Total carry the atom bomb), the angled These considerations complicate for known and proved types of H.M.S. Centaur and H.M.S. Al- Commander Eugene Wilkinson, and delay not only the progress of not available. bion, joined the U.S. Sixth Fleet deck arrangement which will ease ships and weapons. The number of motor torpedo U.S.N., Captain of the American flight deck problems, and radar the carrier programme but also in the Western Mediterranean at atomic-powered submarine Naut- the building of other types of boats and other small war vessels the end of January for six days of with much greater range and —From ffio London "N.*y." and craft now at the Organisa- ilus said at the conclusion of the effectiveness than that in general ships. One of the reasons why combined exercises, including submarine's sea trials last month there is now no programme for tion's disposal, is much larger flight operations, gunnery and use in the past. The Eagle, though than that which Russia is likely that there had been no dangerous not yet fitted with all the latest further conventional destroyers or to have two or three years hence. communications practice, and re- radiation from the atomic unit. "Daring" class ships is the diffi- plenishment at sea. equipment, is about to go in for Keep e Good The United States Atomic culty of keeping them within pru- The ten "maritime" countries of Rear-Admiral A. R. Pcdder, a refit when the angled deck will N.A.T.O. are Britain, Norway, Energy Commission believes that be incorporated. dent size limits. Denmark, Holland, Belgium, Por- Flag Officer, British Aircraft Car- a person can absorb as much as Lookout riers, was flying his flag in the It is clear that great attention tugal, F r a n c c, Italy, Greece, 300 units of radiation daily with- Supporting this group of ships is being paid to the defensive re- Turkey, Canada, and the U.S.A. Centaur. His force was operating out danger. Commander Wilkin- are still the older fleet carriers, FOR THE NEXT ISSUE OF within the British Mediterranean quirements of the Navy. Big pro- They have between them no son said that in the Nautilus the veterans of World War II—Im- grammes for minesweepers and fewer than 3150 ships in the six Command of Admiral Sir Guy average per week per man had placable, Indomitable, Illustrious, Grantham, K.C.B., C.B.E., D.S.O.. anti-submarine vessels are well ad- The Navy categories - - battleships, carriers, been only about five units, and the Indefatigable, Victorious—and the vanced, but apart from the air- cruisers, destroyers and frigates, D.S.C. highest for any man only 45 units. light fleet carriers of the "Colos- Vice-Admiral T. S. Combs, submarines and minesweepers. In During her trials the Nautilus sus" class—Glory, Ocean, Theseus, addition, the six other Common- U.S.N., Commander U.S. Sixth Triumph. Warrior—with a few Fleet, welcomed Rear-Admiral made 69 dives, stayed under water smaller ships as ferry carriers. wealth countries outside the Or- a total of 92 hours, and was under ganisation (Australia, New Zea- Pedder personally at luncheon on POOLE & STEEL LTD. board his Tactical Command Flag- nuclear power for 519J hours. The fleet carriers are, however, land, South Africa, Pakistan, In- now between 10 and 14-years old dia and Ceylon)—like the mem- ship, the U.S.S. Northampton. Capabilities of the submarine— The British Admiral transferred the first atomic-powered submarine and all rendered hard wartime 43 STEPHEN ST., BALMAIN, ber nation Canada, they would service. They can no longer be re- undoubtedly add their fleets to by helicopter from H.M.S. Cen- in the world—are still secret, but Commander Wilkinson said that garded as the formidable weapons N.S.W. the Allies' resources in war— taur for the occasion. Earlier Ad- they once were and it is known have two aircraft carriers, six miral Combs sent a message of it could travel submerged at full Telephone: WB2511 speed for a distance equivalent to that the cost of modernising them cruisers, 62 destroyers and welcome to Rear-Admiral Pedder, would be formidable. frigates and 63 minesweepers. and the two flagships exchanged that from New York to Sydney. Ship strengths of France, the gun salutes on joining. Press agency reports state that The extent of the task is illus- General Engineers, Boilermakers, Shipbuilders, Dredge Builders United States and the United The U.S. Sixth Fleet includes the Nautilus is capable of under- trated oy the fact that one of Kingdom, the three major coun- the aircraft carriers Randolph, water speed of between 25 and 30 these ships, the Victorious, has Plans, Specifications and Estimates prepared tries of N.A.T.O. are: France flagship of Rear-Admiral Frank knots. The United States Navy is been in hand for modernisation for Mining Dredges and Plant of all kinds. 224, the United States 1619, and Akers, U.S.N., Commander Car- developing a guided missile which since 1951 and it is not yet known Electric Welding and Oxy-Acetylene Work. the United Kingdom 714. rier Division II, and the La\e can be fired from submarines when she will rejoin the fleet. It Thus it is evident that, in Champlain. These and other major underwater and at targets hun- must be accepted that the other numbers of ships of all kinds, units of the U.S. Fleet joined the dreds of miles away, the agency four fleet carriers are, therefore, Telegrams: N.A.T.O. has, and should main- British carriers. The U.S. ships reports add. The missile would be swiftly approaching the end of "POOLSTEBL," BALMAIN, N.S.W. tain, overwhelming strength at also included the battleship Iowa, used by submarines of the Nautilus their useful life. sea. flagship of Rear-Admiral Ruthven type. April, IfSS a; THt NAVY out further delay, and that in SUB. MEW ACE TO HJE. conformity with the above, it is strongly considered that the Russian submarines could easily mine the approaches to New Zealand meagre sum already allocated for ports, laying up to 40 mines in one voyage, Lieutenant-Commander R. F. G. replacement purposes should be substantially increased." Elsworth. D.S.C.. R.N., told the annual conference of the Navy League Commander C. H. T. Palmer, of New Zealand, in Dunedin recently. supporting the resolution, said: "It is a bitter fact that due to age 'TWERE was no adequate force of their bravery. Modern mat- The Russians were building and the recent rapid change in to cope with the problem, he erials were essential. and operating large numbers of Naval warfare the fighting ships said. It was a frightening thought New Zealand at the moment, modern ocean going submarines. of the R.N.Z.N. are now of very- and one which should give rise he said, was equipped with Loch Many of them were based in the limited value and practically ob not to panic but to some very class frigates, but their equipment Pacific and were quite capable of solete. serious thinking in the Dominion. was not good enough. New sub- reaching New Zealand in the "If replacements are not There was little doubt. Lieuten- marines being built by the Rus- course of their normal operational urgently made we must rely for ant Commander Elsworth said, sians had such great underwater tours. The Russians had bases in our main protection from aggres- that the units of the New Zea- speeds that nothing but the most the Pacific for access to the south- sion and conquest on the Navies land Navy were outmoded so far modern equipment could cope ern areas, but it was not com- of the United States and Aus- with detection. And the Loch pletely necessary to have bases. tralia, who so notably played their as modern naval warfare was pan in World War II. concerned. In the event of hos- class frigates were not designed Mines provided a very real "Delay in ordering new ships tilities they would be unable ti to handle the new equipment. threat to New Zealand, although fill adequately their appointed creates a dangerous position. Our Although the Loch frigates, it was favoured geographically in present Naval status is such that UNLESS YOU ARE role, although the men whi with their IK knots, could not that it was situated on a shelf manned them were capable of our obligations in the southern deal with the new 15-knot under which fell away sharply outside seas to the Mother Country, sister MADE OF MONEY giving an excellent account of water submarines, the United harbour entrances, so that is was dominions, and our allies could themselves. Kingdom was finding the answer difficult to lay mines to obtain the not be fully honoured in the MNLESS you are mad* of money you need If New Zealand wanted an eft with new ships. There were the maximum advantage. But the real event of sudden war. reedy cash la He hssk to tide you ovor cient Navy it must provide the Whitbys with a maximum of 25 threat arose becausc New Zealand an emergency or onablo you to toko fufl requisite materials. In these days, knots, and heavy modern arma- did not have the ships to sweep "Until New Zealand allocates advantage of an opportunity. enemy-laid minefields. at least £10 million for ship re- war was very much a matter of ment, and Blackwoods, with a placement, there will be no con- So why not provide for your future woH- materials. Men could not be put 25 knot speed and a lighter arma- The answer was the wooden bsinf now by opening a Commonwealth minesweeper. The United King- fidence in her ability to play her Savings Bank account to-day. up against machines without suf- ment. The latter, he said, was the proper part in Pacific Naval de- fering a serious setback, in spite type for use in New Zealand. dom was developing such ships fence, and take her place as a In the C.S.B. your money wil bo readily to meet the potential threat. Their nation to be reckoned with. available whenever you need H, and, more- costs were high — £575,000 for over, it wil bo earning interest for you. GLOfEX IS GOOD FOR EVERYBODY! coastal types and £270.(100 for "At the present time, the Royal tvpes which could keep harbours New Zealand Navy consists of Use if tor Beef Tea, Soups, Stows, Gravies and narrows clear—but they pro- cruisers on loan from the Royal G0ftfMOl\\VEALTH vided a retaliatory weapon, one Navy, frigates bought at a bar- BANK Global builds sturdy young frames; brings renewed which New Zealand needed, but gain price from the British Gov- nan a ssakoi oa aowct m roua dsiwt strength to the eiek sad aged. To all it giece extra reaietaaes did not possess. ernment, corvettes built at reason- to ehilla and ills. Globex is tlx pure extract of Australia 'a Lieutenant - Commander Els- able cost during the war, and primeet beef. Uae it for flavouring, for hot drinka; uae worth made this statement after minesweepers, a gift from the H for aaadwiehaa; uae it ia maay waya for the extra nourish- the conference had passed a reso- Australian Government. •aat H gives yoe. Globei eoeta leaa, goee farther! "UNPRECEDENTED" R.N. AIR STRENGTH lution "viewing with the gravest "Under these most favourable concern the lack of provision for conditions, the New Zealand tax- The de Havilland company has expected to carry out arrested the replacement of the necessary payer has been called upon to pay stated that the British Supply Min- landing-on trials later this year. fighting vessels of appropriate only a fraction of the amounts istry's order for D.H. 110 aircraft CLOBEX type for the Royal New Zealand paid by the British. Canadian, for the Royal Navy would "intro- The company has also stated Navy, having regard to the age of Australian, and United States tax- duce an unprecedented degree of that the D.H. 110 is able to tackle PURI BIIP IXTRACT the existing fleet and to the com- payers. The time has now arrived air strength to British naval opera- not only high-altitude convoy mitments of this Dominion in its for us to take a realistic view of tions." raiders and reconnaissance aircraft AM trace* md CAemiifs, In lee.. aee. Naval defence, and our duty to hut also, if need be, the land-based end See. hn and MM. share of the defence of the Paci- This aircraft was the first British the Empire, the Commonwealth, operational aircraft to exceed the single-seater fighter. fic and South East Asia areas." and our allies. "A •(LICIOVS SPIIA»" The conference resolved "that speed of sound, which it did in "The threat to peace in the Although primarily a high- a realistic policy on this vital mat- a dive in April, 1952. It fulfilled altitude interceptor, it can be em- ter should be decided upon with- Pacific is so vital that most urgent touch-and-go trials on H.M.S. action is necessary." ployed as a ground-attack and Albion in September last and is naval strike aircraft. » THi NAVY April. I Hi from the present First Sea Lord, Captain (Commodore 1st Class) Sandys Litchfield, O.B.E., Captain COMMANDER DOLLARD: Admiral of the Fleet Sir Rhoderick Laurence George Durlacher, MtGrigor. Cromwell Felix Justin Lloyd Personalities With outstanding skill as a sea- O.B.E., D.S.C. Davies, D.S.O., D.S.C., Captain man he aggressively patrolled thc Admiral of the Fleet Sir Rhod- Captain George Kempthorne (Commodore 2nd Class) Sir Aub- l .S. AWARDS FOR SMX lower Han River controlling the erick McGrigor became First Sea Collett, D.S.C. rey St. Clair-Ford, Bart., D.S.O. water approaches to Seoul, capital Lord and Chief of Naval Staff, in Captain (E) Sir John R. Coote, and Bar, Captain David Caldicott of the Republic of Korea, and pro- the .ank of Admiral, in December, Bart., C.B.E., D.S.C. Ingram, C.B.E., D.S.C. OFFMCEttS ANNOUNCED tected against communist amphi- 1951. He was promoted to Ad- miral of the Fleet in May, 1953. The United States Government has awarded the Legion of bious attack thc left flank of the R.N. Appointments Eighth Army on Kimpo Peninsula. Admiral the Earl Mountbattcn FUNERAL OF ADMIRAL Merit (Degree of Officer) to five officers of the Royal Australian D. A. PRITCHARD Navy for operational services in Korea and has conferred the Exposed to the constant naviga- was Commander-in-Chief, Medi- The Admiralty has announced Bronze Star Medal upon another R.A.N, officer for similar tional dangers of strong currents terranean, from May, 1952, until the following appointments:— The funeral of the late Surgeon and shifting channels, and within December, 1954, and was Com- Rear-Admiral L. G. Durlacher, Rear-Admiral D. A. Pritchard, constant range of active Com- mander-in-Chief, Allied Forces, O.B.E., D.S.C.: to be Deputy C.B.E.. took place with full naval munist guns and mortar fire he Mediterranean, from March, 1953. Chief of Naval Personnel (Per- Thc awards arc: Deputy-Director of Manning at honours at the Springvale Crema- Navy Office, and Lieut.-Com- showed great perseverance, cour- He was relieved in those ap- sonal Services) in succession to torium (Victoria) on March 15. Legion of Merit. mander Bowles and Lieut.-Com- age and the will to win in main- pointments by Admiral Sir Guy Rear-Admiral H. W. Biggs, C.B., taining his frigate in this exposed D.S.O. and Bar. It was preceded by a service at REAR ADMIRAL D H mander Gladstone are doing thc Grantham. Christ Church, South Yarra. HARRIES, C.B E.. who, as Cap- Naval Staff Course in the United position and in harassing thc • Rear-Admiral P. W. Burnett. The funeral and the service tain Harries, was captain of the Kingdom. enemy ground forces with gun Chief Officer Cole D.S.O., D.S.C. and Bar: to be fire. were attended by the First Naval aircraft carrier Sydney in Korean The Minister for the Navy, Mr. The new director of the Chief of Staff of Commander-in- Chief, Portsmouth, in succession Member and Chief of the Naval waters from September, 1951, un- J. Francis, said that the citations LIEUT. - COMMANDER W.R.A.N.S., Chief Officer Eliza- til February. '952 to Rear-Admiral B. I. Robertshaw Staff, Rear-Admiral R. R. Dowl- accompanying thc awards could BOWLES: He led his squadron beth Cole, has visited New South ing, C.B.E., D.S.C., the Secretary CAPTAIN O. H. BECHER. he summarised as follows:— Wales, Tasmania, South Australia, C.B., C.B.E. in many successful attacks on Rear-Admiral H. W. Biggs, of the Department of the Navy. D.S.O., D.S.C. and Bar. R.A.N.. REAR-ADMIRAL HARRIES: Communist forces, installations, and Queensland interviewing pros- Mr. T. J. Hawkins, and other who commanded the destroyer By intelligent leadership, aggres- pective recruits to the service. C.B., D.S.O. and Bar: to be Flag bridges and road nets and made Officer Home Fleet Training members of the Naval Board, the Warramunga in Korea from Aug- siveness, a thorough knowledge of possible the close naval blockade She said in Sydney recently that Commodore Superintendent of ust, 1950. until September. 1951. naval air tactics and skilful de- the standard of recruits was "more Squadron in succession to Vice of West Korea by aerial recon- Admiral S. H. Carlill, C. B., Training at Flinders Naval Depot, CAPTAIN R. I PEEK. O.B.E., velopment of the forces at his than comparable" with the stand- Commodore N. A. Mackinnon. naissance flights in marginal and D.S.O. D.S.C., R.A.N., who, as Com- disposal, he provided effective ard of recruits to ihe W.R.N".S. R.A.N., and Vice-Admiral Sir bad weather. He contributed to Captain R. R. S. Penefather: to mander Peek, was captain of the aerial reconnaissance of the West the successful gunstrikes against Chief Officer Cole is on loan to John Collins, K.B.E., C.B. destroyer Tobruk in Korea from be Deputy Chief of Staff to Com- Korean coast, close air support to Communist shore batteries by sur- the Australian Navy from the October. 1951, until January', mander - in - Chief, Portsmouth Other naval officers and senior the Eighth Army, air cover to thc face units of the west coast Royal Navy, where for two and a 1952. west coast naval units, and, in half years she was in charge of (with rank of Commodore 2nd civilian officers at Navy Office blockading and escort element by Class). were also present. • COMMANDER A. N. DOL- addition, carried out destructive providing air spot with planes of iccruiting and entry into the LARD, D SC.. R A N., who. as attacks on Communist enemy rail W.R.N.S. at the Admiralty. In pursuance of her Majesty's By command of the Queen, to his squadron. whom Admiral Pritchard was an Lieutenant - Commander Dollard. and road nets and defensive instal- Chief Officer Cole said that pleasure the following officers have LIEUT - COMMANDER honorary physician. Surgeon Cap- was captain of the frigate Murchi- lations in support of the Air more W.R.A.N.S. officers would been appointed Naval Aides de GLADSTONE: He distinguished tain L. Lockwood M.V.O., D.S.C., son in Korea from July, 1951, Force interdiction programme. He 'v selected later this year. Most, Camp to the Queen in succession himself by repeatedly leading small R.A.N., who is an honorary sur- until February, 1952. made a marked contribution to if not all, would come from girls to the officers stated:— LCVPs, which had been jury- geon to Her Majesty, attended as LIEUT. COMMANDER (P) the success of thc naval campaign at present serving in the ranks. Captain Sir St. John R. J. Tyr- W G. BOWLES D.S.C , R.A.N.. in the Korean conflict. rigged as mine-sweeps, into known whitt, Bt„ D.S.O., D.S.C. and her representative. who was commander of the 805 mine fields to sweep and destroy Bar. vice Captain G. V. M. Dol- The East Australian Area Com- CAPTAIN BECHER: By his Promotions (Sea Fury) Squadron aboard enemy mines. His disregard of phin, D.S.O., promoted to Flag mand was represented by Surgeon intelligent leadership, aggressive- H.M.A.S. Sydney during her personal safety and example of The Admiralty has announced Rank. Captain J. M. Flatten', O.B.E., ness and untiring devotion to duty, the following promotions to Rear- service in Korea. resourceful leadership were a Captain D. G. F. W. Macin- RAN. both in his harrassing attacks on Admiral in her Majesty's Fleet:— boundless source of morale for the tyre, D.S.O. and two Bars. D S C., The pall-bearers were Rear Ad- Communist forces and installa- Captain (Acting Rear-Admiral) Bronze Medal Star. men so engaged and for the entire vice Captain E. Hale. miral Dowling, the Second Naval LIEUT COMMANDER G. tions, and in his long and arduous Task Element 95.69 in which he George Verner Motley Dolphin, Member, Commodore J. C. Mor- escorting patrols, he displayed his was Australian Liaison Officer H SO., A.D.C. V. GLADSTONE, D.S.C. and Retirod List row, D.S.O., D.S.C., R.A.N.. the Bar, R.A.N., who was executive outstanding skill as a naval officer. and Assistant Operations Officer Captain John David Luce, Third Naval Member. Rear-Ad- officer of thc Warre-munga during CAPTAIN PEEK: He planned, on the staff of the commander. D.S.O. and Bar. O.B.E, A.D.C. The following officers have been miral (E) C. C Clark. O.B.E., her Korean service. and carried out. effective attacks | Captain Philip Whitworth Bur- placed on the retired list in the D.S.C., the Fourth Naval Member, Rear-Admiral Harries at present on Communist coastal installations Earl Mountbatten nett, D.S.O., D.S.C. and Bar, rank of Captain, the Admiralty Commodore D. Mcl. Russell, is Head of thc Australian Joint against enemy counter battery fire. Admiral the Earl Mounthattcn ADC. announces:— R.N., Mr. Hawkins, and Com- Services Staff in Washington; By his intelligent leadership, ag- of Burma will take up his appoint- Captain (Commodore 1st Class) Captain Edward Hale, A.D.C., modore Mackinnon. Captain Bcchcr is captain of thc gressiveness and untiring devotion ment as First Sea Lord and Chief Wilfred John Wentworth Woods. Captain George Henry Beale, Admiral Pritchaid's insignia aircraft carrier Vengeance; Cap- to duty he displayed his outstand- of Naval Staff on April 19. : D.S.O. and Bar, A.D.C. D.S.O., O.B.E., A.D.C., Captain were carried on a cushion by Sur- tainPeek is Deputy Chief of Naval ing skill as a naval officer. He He has joined the Admiralty for Captain Keith McNeil Camp- Henry Norman Scott Brown, geon Captain H. W. Gault, Personnel at Naw Office, Mel- made marked contribution to thc duty about a month before that bell-Walter, A.D.C. C.B.E.. Captain John Shirley RAN. bourne; Commander Dollard is success of the naval campaign. date to prepare for taking over April. 1955 THI NAVY i. of success, in 1690. Two abortive attempts were made in 1707, but the prize still glittered ao brightly in the eyes of the colonists that the Government at home was persuaded to send out a full-scale expedition that was to approach "The Nation and the Navy"— "The Walker Expedition to Quebec by the classic path up the by Christopher Lloyd, published Quebec, 1711," edited by Gerald St. Lawrence River. It was to the by the Cresset Press. S. Graham; Navy Records command of this expedition that Society (London). Rear - Admiral Sir Hovcnded In his book Mr. Christopher Walker was appointed. Lloyd paints upon an immense Sir Hovenden Walker's Journal canvas. He shows, by a broad of the Late Expedition to Canada. In the capable hands of Pro- survey of naval activity through- published in 1720, is rapidly be- fessor Gerald Graham, Walker's out the centuries, how vital a coming a rare book, and it was a Journal has now been buttressed part the Navy has played, and happy idea on the part of the by many of the Admiralty and still plays, in the destiny of the Champlain Society of Canada and State Papers which deal with the British people. He traces, too, the our own Navy Records Society to expedition, giving us at last a evolution of naval custom and join forces in reproducing it as a ivally comprehensive view of the manners, showing the gradual volume in each series. While the whole. Professor Graham has evolutions from the unruly book is, of course, mainly Wal- done his work with a zest and a throng of Tudor and Stuart days ker's own account published by thoroughness that must command to the disciplined complement of him in vindication of his actions, our admiration, and has produced a ship of our own days. it remains a document of intense a notable addition to the series naval interest. of Navy Records Society volumes So wide a study could not even The-expedition to Canada in that amply maintains the high have been attempted without a 1711 was aimed at the capture of quality of these invaluable pub- sireat deal of background know- Quebec, the key to the French lications. This is, in fact, a fine ledge, and it says a great deal for domination of the northern half piece of work, edited with such Mr. Lloyd's erudition that he has of the North American continent. care and scholarship that its read- produced so balanced a survey It was not the first attempt to ing becomes a delight throughout. within the compass of a single reach Quebec, for Phips had con- It is certainly not a book to be volume. It can, of course, be no manded an earlier expedition missed. more than a survey on the broad- which had come within an ace est of scales, with much of in- —P.K.K.. in tho London Navy." terest necessarily omitted. Such a book as Mr. Lloyd now sives us has long been needed, for it links the inner, social life SEN »f the Navy with its historical place in the national and imperial -tury. Wc begin to see, now, the 'EVERYTHING TO DO WITH IOATS" ill-embracing pattern as a whole, and can understand the unique Boat laildiag placc in the national and imperial Service and Repairs the strategical background of national and imperial develop- ment. Inevitably there has been much simplification of the story, Hiring' lor the complexity of naval de- Marin* Engineering velopment through the centuries cannot be told in a book of this si?e. But in its broad sweep it LARS HALVOISEN SONS PTY. LTD. t-lls the story well enough, and IUILDING YARD: W.t.rvi.. Strxt. Ryd.. WY 3241 must be counted a valuable addi- BOAT SHED: lobbin H..d JJ 2489 tion to our naval literature. (T«l«gr»m»: "Hilvortant" Sydnoy) Whtn H.M.A.S. Sho.lh.v.n borth.d in Sydn.y on M.rch 29 .K.r . nin. month.' p.trol o( Lo.din, Si,n.l- C.ALTEX MObUCTS ALWAYS ON HAND P.K.K. man Rich.rd M.n-r ... hi. .i,M.monrt«ld d.U,ht.r, J.n. for th. S«t tim.. Mr,. M.n..r hoirt.d J.n .bo.rd to ,r..t —From tho London "Novy." her proud father. LH.IO QPM« April. 1955 THE NAVY for Sm Cadbto 9 JULIE AND THE AMRASSADOR CADETS WHALER RACE with instruction in T.S. Warrego, By J. H. Adams has had the good fortune to be •y D.J.M. chosen to take passage in HM.A.S. LIE STODDART was a red- talking together by the rail when He shook his bald pate. "No. ^ueenborough during her over- headed menace and I was she was off duty. It must be in my cabin. It's quite Seven whaler crews from know what to teach the cadets. seas assignment. • • » f sorry I ever permitted her to Then his advances became large." N.S.W. Division training ships The cadets keep watches: learn be signed on as stewardess aboard more ardent. Julie dealt with him "We can't do that. Loss of dig- mpeted for the Warrego Cup about fire fighting, and the routine N-S.W. Division entries:— the Cambcrwell (said Captain as calmly as a stonewalling open- nity." :n Sydney Harbour on March 19, for safety of the ship. T.S. Sydney: 1263 Phillip George Mansley). ing bat. "My cabin—or I pull out of held in conjunction with the Met- In shore establishments more at- Charles Cahill, 1264 Peter Paske, The cooler she became the ropolitan Regatta for Sea Cadet 1265 Maxwell Gladwin, 1266 Not that there was anything the whole business," he insisted. tention is given to disciplinary madder he got. He became livid. whalers. Peter Linders. wrong with Julie, rather the re- I'll always remember that in- training and squad drill. Gone are It would have been wiser if Julie verse. Everything was right. She quiry. Doc arranged the seating. T.S. Tobru^ (Newcastle) won the days when Sea Cadets went T.S. Australia: 1248 Maxwell had landed him a few open- -.lie race by two lengths from T.S. Charles Davis, 1249 Evans Row- had figure and personality. Blue The Foreign Ambassador was re- on board a ship for lots o' fun. handers across the face and had Sydney and T.S. Australia. Tob- land Jones, 1256 Terence C. eyes, a slightly turned up nose splendent in morning dress. Doe A week-end training camp on become annoyed. All she did was 'iicrew gave a splendid cxhibi- Parish, 1269 Kenneth G. Steven- and a mop of curly auburn hair. took the role of defence counsel board ship now means an oppor- to tantalise him. :ion of how a whaler should be son, 1270 Roland Douglas Ogden. A trim craft. and fired questions at the tunity for the cadet to put into One day he told me that he handled. Their timing was perfect T.S. Warrego: 1250 Leslie With her intelligence and foreigner. Wasn't it a fact that practice what he is taught in his had some very important secret and they deserved their win. home depot. Ponting. 1251 Ian Mears, 1276 charm she could have got a good he was acting out of spite? documents in his satchel and was Other training ships taking part T.S. Albatross and T.S. Tobrul( Charles Henry Crews. job ashore without any trouble. afraid we had a spy in the ship. Wasn't he a rejected suitor? Wasn't it true that no secret ;n the race were the Warrego, were accommodated on board T.S. Perth: 1252 Graham F. But she wanted to travel. An agent, enemy of his country, Taylor, 1259 Errol James Thorne documents existed? I'erth, Sirius, and Albatross. H.M.A. ships Warramunga and We embarked the Foreign Am- was trying to steal them. I offered Arunta respectively during the (re-entry), 1260 Ian Stuart Hog- To my amazement the Foreign The entry of the Sea Cadet bassador at Vancouver, on his to lock the documents in my safe. week-end March 18-20. This en- • gan. Ambassador was as fidgety as a ('orps in this regatta was made way to take up a diplomatic ap- He declined the offer. abled them to compete in the T.S. Sirius: 1269 Graham Hugh cat on hot bricks. He virtually ;-"ssible by the co-operation and pointment. I won't name the This was the build-up for an Whalers Race. Saturday evening Watt on, 1274 Neville Graham admitted everything. Julie was -sistance of H.M.A. ships Rush- country he represented. I'll be accusation. Soon afterwards he and Sunday were spent under Josey, 1277 William Pomfret. cleared of all suspicion. Doc tied . utter and Penguin, who made diplomatic myself and disprove swore that the documents had T.S. A batross: 595 David C. him in knots. I took Dr. Ramsay i heir whalers available to the instructions. what my old ship's surgeon, Dr. been stolen from his satchel. Julie Duncan (re-entry), 1257 Sydney to my cabin, carefully closed the idets. » * • Ramsay, says about me. was the thief. An enemy agent. A. Gow. 1258 Joseph F. Ford, door and poured out two whis- T.S. Sydney did well to come N.S.W. Division appointments: For several voyages I had ex- The rogue was trying to get 1261 George A. Brown. kies. -e • >nd as their's was a scratch S/C Lieutenant - Commander perienced trouble over Julie Stod- square with the little stewardess, crew, their original crew having David John Mort, A.S.C.C., as T.S. Tobrulfc: 1253 Robert but this was hard to prove. Julie "Now tell me all," I demanded. dart. She caused it innocently: Ken sent on board H.M.A.S. Deputy Divisional Senior Officer, Bremmell, 1254 Henry T. Arnolli, was called to my cabin. She tear- "Quite simple," answered Dr. Male passengers fell for her. She V, ngeance for a sea-going camp. N.S.W. Division, A.S.C.C., vice 1271 Brian Birchall, 1272 Terence fully denied the charges. He Ramsay. "A case of practical psy- laughed and joked with them; There was not much between S/C Commander Leonard Edgar A. Fauchon, 1273 John Robert showed even white teeth when vowed that he had seen her leav- chology. The Foreign Ambassa- Ferguson Colquhoun. dor is a vain man. He loves to *e ind and third place T. S. Aus- Forsythe, A.S.C.C., to leave she threw back her head in laugh- ing his cabin and later he missed T.S. Shropshire: 1275 Stanley strike a pose. If he cannot see tralia, which held the cup for (overseas), to date March 25. ter, and wrinkled up her nose. the documents. M. Jennings. that pose, confidence leaks out of 1954, was creeping up on Sydney S/C Lieutenant Keith Martin She repelled the advances of I knew whom to believe but Adams, A.S.C.C., appointment • » • the Foreign Ambassador pressed him like air from a punctured vards •th e finishing* line.* young bloods, without effort. She confirmed to date February II, T.S. Sydney (Snapper Island) for action and the affair got be- tyre. Did you note the seating: drove eligible bachelors to dis- 1954, and as Commanding Officer and T.S. Sirius (St. George) tied yond me. I called in Dr. Ramsay. I chose my cabin because of the line officer, one C.P.O. instruc- traction, made wolf-eyed old buf- full-length mirror conveniently T.S. Australia (Waverton) for first place in the Navy League "We must get Julie out of this r and thirty cadets embarked in fers forget their rheumatics. placed. I got the Foreign Ambas- Maurice William Wilson, as aggregate point score trophy at Then along came the Foreign somehow. Doc," I said. H M.A.S. Vengeance on March sador right in front of if. Then I 1s for a aea-going week-end camp. Petty Officer Instructor and to the annual swimming champion- Ambassador with an old-world He nodded. "I agree. Can't sec stood by the mirror." They gained valuable practical ex- T.S. Shropshire (Canterbury) to ship meeting of the N.S.W. Divi- suavity. how. on the spur of the moment " PI rience in seamanship and sea date March 8. sion at the Balmoral Naval Depot He was tall, inclined to be "Give it some thought. We'll "I can't quite follow " "You thickheaded old shell- r utine. Resignations:— swimming-pool on February 19. swarthy, with a courtly manner. have to hold an enquiry when we T.S. Sydney won the T.S. Sirius back! When he could see his re- Sea Cadets embarking in Broadbere, J., (N.L.) Sub Lieu- His English was not impeccable, reach port. High diplomatic inter-unit relay trophy. stuff." flection he was full of fight." H.M.A. ships for week-end train- tenant, Ex. T.S. Warrego (Wool yet he spoke with an accent that Parents and friends of the Well, in port a couple of "I see. And when he could not ing conform to the routine and wich). was rather pleasant. 1 cadets helped make a picnic day rganisation of the ship, with ad- Julie didn't fall in love with security detectives turned up and Advancements:— of the meeting. "Exactly. When he couldn't see tied instructions from Sea Cadet him, although she did nay him the representatives of our line Stewart Harvey to Acting Results: 50 yards freestyle (14- put in an appearance. himself he was done. Every time Headquarters, such as special a little more attention than she Cadet Petty Officer and re-ap- JV Wit and Mc- he preened himself and struck a duties, hoisting and hauling down had any of the other men who "Well get 'em all up to mv pointed T.S. Warrego. Math (Sirius) dead heat 1, Marsh pose I edged in front of the colours. The instructional syllabus • » • had voyaeed un and down th<* day room for the inquiry," I (Sirius) 3; 50 vards freestvle (16- mirror and blocked his view." is made up by Sea Cadet Head- Pacific with us. I often saw them said to Dr. Ramsay. Sub-Lieutenant Peter Gudgeon. 18) : Bennett (Perth) 1; 100 vards quarters to enable ships' staffs to R.A.N.R., who has been assisting THI WAVY yards freestyle (154-16$): Craw- April. IW ford (Sydney) 1, Altman (Perth) WORLD'S NAVIES (A.D.C. to General Heusinger), 2; 100 yards freestyle (16J-18i): Gaptain K. A. Zenker, Captain H. Nash (Sydney) 1, Bilsborough uon.n.utd from 049a 15. Gerlach, Commander W. Rover, (Syunev) 2; 100 yards brcaj.- Sailplane achievement Colonel W. Gaul. General Heus- ENGINE & TELEGRAPH EQUIPMENT stroke (15-16): Castles (Sinus) 1; by Navy officer inger is the Chief of Military Staff diving (14-16): Franklin (War- A climb in a sailplane to 50,500 at the Blank Office. re go) 1, Nicholls (Sydney) 2; feet above sea-level was made by The Admiralty statement point- FORNAVAL & MERCHANT VESSELS diving (16-18): Colvin (Austra- Commander H. C. N. Goodhart, ed out that the visit was in con- lia), Bilshorough (Sydney) 2; 100 R.N., over the Sierra Nevada tinuation of her Majesty's Govern- yards breaststroke (open): Castles Mountains, at Bishop, California, ment's policy of close co-operation (Sinus) 1, Coyle (Sydney) 2; 50 MANUFACTURERS Ol ENGINE TELEGRAPH on -January 9. This is the greatest with the Continental countries. In yards backstroke (open): Kidner height yet reached by a British April, 1954, agreement was EQUIPMENT AND LUBRICATED TYPE (Shropshire) 1, Crawford (Syd- sailplane pilot. reached between the United King- ney) 2; 200 yards freestyle CHAIN AND W IRE GUIDES. It cannot be recognized as a dom and the E.D.C. on a common (open): McMath (Sinus) 1. national gliding record, however, policy for military association be- Marsh (Strius) 2. as it does not exceed by five per tween their forces, and at the • REPAIRS CARRIED OUT PROMPTLY. cent, the height of just over 30,000 Nine Power Conference held in Tasmonian Cadets feet reached by Mr. Philip A. London the Foreign Secretary re- affiirmed the undertakings that the B, G.E.W.W.I. Wills in New Zealand on Decem- ber 29. U.K. had given to the E.D.C. The MARINE DIESEI. IUIT INJECTION SYSTEMS All units of the Tasmanian Commander Goodhart. who is Secretary recognised, however, RECONDITIONED AND RENEWED. Division have begun their training with the British Joint Services thar co-oreration would take place Bridge Transmitter programme after the summer re- Mission in the United States, was in a different framework. QUICK SERVICE FOR SHIPPING COMPANIES. cess. and Engine Room flying a Schweizer sailplane be- "Since the German Navv will In February cadets from T.S. Receiver as shown longing to Mr. W. S. Ivans, a not come into being until the Leven (Ulverstone) paid a visit were fitted to Ship United States pilot who holds the Paris Agreements have entered to S.S. Port Lvttleton in Burnie BEGG & GREIG present world's altitude record for into force, the visit was intended Building Board D. and were shown over the ship by 20 ERSKINE STREET, SYDNEY a single-seat sailplane at 42,000 ft. to pave the way for future co- the ship's officers. & E. Class Vessels. Both that and Commander operation between the Royal Navy 'Phono: IIX 1208, 1IX 7087 T.S. Lefen now has a basket- Goodhart's flight were made in and the German Navy. ball team that takes part in the stationary atmospheric waves set Ulvcrstone roster. up in the lee of the Sierra Nevada Cadets from T.S. Tamar (Laun- range, which rises to 14,500 ft. at Always ask for . . . ceston) visited the S.S. Dal by in Mount Whitney. port and were shown over the ship Lieutenant-Commander G. A. J. the beers that by the master. Goodhart, D.S.C., R.N.. a brother Thirsty ? VMW* During the winter months of Commander H. C. N. Good- SHELLEY'S cadets from the Tamar will spend hart, flew from Narrominc. New Take the \JiJl have won World week-ends in parties of ten to South Wales, to a point 9J| necessary twelve aboard the Tamar. where miles away and back on January FAMOUS DRINKS they will carry out ordinary ship 8, the last day of the Australian stopper. £ opprovol are ... routine. national gliding contests. This is The cadets from T.S. Derirent claimed as a new British Com- eS Obtainable from trading (Hobart) were fortunate in being monwealth gliding record for "out- MELBOURNE BITTER able to visit H.M.A. ships Veil and return" fl'ght. Sch#ePP shops and saloons. geancr and Arunta and H.M.N.Z. ships Blacl{ Prince and Hawed German officers VICTORIA BITTER when these ships were in Hobart visit Admiralty LEMONADE in February. They spent all day The Admiralty revealed that six SHELLEY i SONS in the Vengeance and were given German officers who hold appoint- CORDIAL FACTORY FOSTER S LAGER their midday meal on board. ments in the Blank Office, which PTY. LTD. All units were recently inspect- is responsible for planning the ABBOTS LA6ER ed by the Second Naval Member. future West German Defence con- Commodore Morrow, D.S.O., tribution. visited the Admiralty MURRAY STREET. and H.M. ships and establishments MARRICKVII.I.E, D.S.C.. R A N. Goodb", , in the Portmouth area during Jan- N.S.Vt'. fr-wit/ "Goodness is a special kind of uary. Schw«pperv«sc*nc* Usts truth and beautv. It is truth and The officers were: Lieutenant- tho whole drink through. "Phone: LA 5461. is good for you beauty in human behaviour."—H. Oeneral A Heusinger. Lieutenant- A. Overstreet. Colonel M. R. Schwerdtfeger CARLTON AND UNITED BREWERIES LIMITCt M",M'"- ' ' I.I. > I-Mm. Stir. I. S\ Jn<» 32 THE NAVY AIRCRAFT E N C I N E S :s*hS FIBRE GLASS- GLASS FIBRE HULLS and PROTECTIVE CONTENTS Vol. II. COATINGS of HULLS, DECKINGS, etc. MAY, 1955. No. 5.

EDITORIAL: M.V. "DCNTROON"— 10.500 too. The Admiralty ! Good Intentions. 4 Stronger Royal Tits 5 MELBOURNE ARTICLES: STEAMSHIP CO. I/TD. Port Line's Latest Ship 7 Head Office: Threat To British Whaling Seen 8 31 KING ST., MELBOURNE Review of U.K. Shipping . 12 BRANCHES OR AGENCIES AT ALL PORTS The Royal Research Ship . 14 SHEATHED IN GLASS. "CARDASHER" ON TRIALS. MANAGING AGENTS FOR West's Navy Air Power MAGIP FIBRE GLASS HULLS for Lifeboats. Launches, Life Rafts, etc. 16 HOBSONS BAY DOCK AND MAGIP FIBRE GLASS is impervious to: Toredo, Corrosion. Fouling. Rot. Looking Back A Bit 19 ENGINEERING CO. PTY. LTD. Worka: Williamstown, Victoria MAGIP FIBRE GLASS makes a clean hull that remains clean and cuts maintenance costs. The Albert Medal 23 HODGB ENGINEERING CO. MAGIP FIBRE GLASS is lighter than timber—stronger than steel—reduces engine power, increases the life PTY. LTD. FEATURES: of your craft and its earning capacity. Worka: Sussex St., Sydney, News of the World's Navies and COCKBURN ENGINEERING C. F. HADDOCK PTY. LTD. Maritime News of the World PTY. LTD. MARGARET STREET WHARF, WOOLWICH. N.S.W. PHONE: WXJ1I4. Personalities Worka: Hinea Rd.. Fremantlc. SHIP REPAIRERS. ETC. Bonded Resin supplied by A. C. Hatrick Pty. Ltd. "Duraslas" Glass Cloth by Swift & Company. Book Roviews For See Cadets

FICTION: THE UNITED SHIP SERVICES Farewell To Dignity

Published by Th. Navy L.agu. of Australia, 13 Pitt Stra.t. Sydn.y, N.S.W. PTY. LTD. Telephone BU 1771.

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When ships of the Navy "heave to" this rope holds fasti ALL CLASSES OF SHIP REPAIRS AND FITTINGS UNDERTAKEN

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May, 1955. I COCKATOO DOCKS ft ENGINEERING Thirsty ? THE NAVY LEAGUE LOWNDES Take the OF AUSTRALIA. CO. FTY. LTD. • necessary PATRON, Hit Escelleafy The Governor Gcntnl Contractor* to . . . FEDERAL COUNCIL. e Pndia: Comdr. (S) J. D. Batee. V.R.D . H.M. AUSTRALIAN NAVY Deputy President: Comdr. R. A. Netdefold, Ship-builders, RUM SchwePP D.S.C.. V.R.D. R.AN R Seceetary: R. Nell Walford. Esq.. >12 Marine Hinders, St.. Melbourne. C.l. Hon. Tranm: R. Neil Waltord. EM and RENOWNED THROUGHOUT THE WORLD LEMONADE New South Wales Division: General Engineers. Patron: Hi. Excellency The Governor ol New Sooth Wale*. Inquiries Invited. President: Comdr. W. L. Reilly. R A.N. The future of .team for marine purpo.ai (Retd.). is mat by the lals.t labcock develop Secretary: R. I. Rae. Eaq.. S3 Pitt Street. menf*. which, in film, are beaked by Agents: BU 1771. over 50 yaars' tea •.parlance At »••. Hon. Treeeurer- F. E. Tries. Eaq a. en land, time hat provad the .srvice of Babcoclt Boiler Plant COCKATOO ISLAND Victorian Division: HARBOTTLE BROWN 8c CO. Patron: Hie Eacellcncy The Governor of SYDNEY Victoria. BABCOCK ft WILCOX President: Comdr. R. A. Nettlefold. D.S.C . Or AUSTRALIA »TT. LIMITED PTY. LTD. Schwepparvesccnce lasts V 1 11, R A N R KNalNKCKS AND CONTS.CTOR. SYDNEY. Secretary: R Neil Walford. Esq. >12 Ind Office ( Worki, liimli Park. N.S.W. Phone: WB 1941 the whole drink through. nindera, St.. Melbourne. C.l. Hon. Trraeurer: M A. Glover, fceq. •ranch Office, and Agenda, la all State*. (10 line.)

South Australian Division: Patron: Hie E.;ellency The Governor of s -mil Aiiptralia Prrrident: Lieut.-Comdr. C. C. Shlnkficld. R A K R (retd I Hon. Sac.: Lieut.-Comdr. (S) L. T. Ewen*. R A.N.V.R.. 1J Plrie Street. Adelaide. 1 .'Mitanian Division: NAVY LEAGUE I'rtron: Vicc-Admiral S'lt Guy Wyatt. JOIN THE K II E.. r.B . R N. (retd.) •reudent! C. H. Hand. Eaq.. M.H.A. Hon. SK.-. Comdr. C. E. W. W. Bayly. O.B.E.. V.R.D.. R.A.N.V.R. (retd). "!6 Sandy Bay Rd.. L->wer Sindy Bav. Hobart. DRIBARM ^ '-stem Australian Division: The object of the Navy League in Australia, like its older counterpart, the Navy League in Britain, Patron: Hia Excellency The Governor of Weatem Australia. COMPRESSED YEAST-VACUUM PACKED is to insist by all means at its disposal upon the vital importance of Sea Power to the British Common- President: Hon. Sir Frank Gibaon. K.C M.C wealth of Nations. The League also sponsors the Australian Sea Cadet Corps to interest the right type Hon. Sec.: K. Olaon, Esq.. 62 BIcncowc St., West Uedcrville. W.A. of lads in the Royal Australian Navy — either to start them upon a career or to provide a healthy "Dribartn" is a special form of Compressed Yeast, pleasurable means of qualifying them to be of service in the Senior Service in the event of emergency. (.'iK-i-nsland Division: i'uront His Eaccllency The Covernor o( dried under scientific conditions and carefully com- TERMS OF MEMBERSHIP Jueenaland. -otknt: Comdr. N. S. Pialey. M.B.E.. pounded with a suitable yeast food. Specially suitable . . . for which all British subjects who signify approval to the objects of the League are eligible . . . V.R.D.. R.A.N.R. (retd.). Ryan Houae. Annually For Life. Usle Street. Briabanc. when not accessible to, or supplied by bakers. 'l.-n. Sec.: Lieut.-Comdr. O. C. McDonald, * R.A.N.V.R. (retd ). Bo. H4IT. G.P.O.. Members 10 6 £550 Brisbane, Fellow £110 £10 10 0 Obtainable from: Merchants, Store, Grocers, May we ask you to join and swell our members so that the Navy League in Australia may be AUSTRALIAN SEA CADET or direct from the Proprietors: widely known and exercise an important influence in the life of the Australian Nation? COUNCIL. preienistivea ol the Naval Board: For Particulars:— I'irector of Naval Rcerve., Capt. A S I- 5.0 - R A N (Chairman). NAVY LEAGUE, Gomdr. P. R. [ames. R.A.N. MAURI BROTHERS & THOMSON LIMITED 37 Queen Street, Melbourne, C.l, Victoria. - • MU 5344. rT"? of The Navy Up,: "Wfv. R. A. Nettlefold. D.S.C., The Compressed Yeast Co., 8 Spring Street, Sydney, N.S.W. BU 5458. V.R.D.. R.A.N.V.R. 31 Grenfell Street, Adelaide, South Australia. « 1. ri'"2n- ^ : L Foravthe. Esq : BOX 31, P.O. WATERLOO, N.S.W. ll™, F C Ev"" RANVR Ryan House, Charlotte and Eagle Streets, Brisbane, Ql. FA 2261. Hon Secretary: R Neil Walford. C/o H.M.A.S. "Leeuwin," Fremantle, Western Australia. THE NAVY May, 1955. smaller ships, which arc coming forward in large numbers. "Now, after thorough study by our sailors and ORIENT LINE Serves 5 Continent} scientists of the conditions and developments wc shall have to face, we can see sufficiently clearly the lines on which wc should build ships to take the place of conventional cruisers." Referring to Royal Navy's present strength, the First Lord admitted that the average age of the Fleet was too high. He spoke of post-war modernisation of destroyers and escorts and of design and con- struction of submarines, but added that, after the war. naval shipbuilding had to give way to the need for merchant ship-building. Five carriers, eight Darings, about 90 minesweepers and 27 destroyers converted to frigates had joined the Fleet. ENGLAND Despite the promise of a programme of building VIA SUEZ and re-equipment, the First Lord's statement con- tained no provision for any new building other than two Fleet escort ships, eight general purpose frigates, and ten coastal minesweepers. It is an uneasy thought that since the Girdletiess —to be converted as a trials ship for guided missiles will not be completed until 1956, it seems highly likely that some considerable time will elapse before it is possible to lay down any guided-missile ships to replace the Navy's ageing cruisers. At first impression, a happier situation exists for ihc Fleet Air Arm, but, on examination, a similar unsatisfactory feature emerges with regard to air- PACIFIC .1SIHJIV aou .(!!• Ml III .111.13 WIH.II I. vaix..^ craft supply. The First Lord's statement admittedly he given by shore-based aircraft. referred to replacements for the Sea Hawk, the Sea THE ADMIRALTY'S GOOD INTENTIONS. Venom, and the Wyvern (an aircraft condemned in Of greater interest was a glimpse of the Fleet the White Paper on Supply of Military Aircraft as PACIFIC of the future: iot successful in its designed purpose as a carrier- CRUISES If good intentions mean anything—and very often "As part of our contribution to the allied navies rnc aircraft) but there was no indication of when they do not—the declaration of Naval policy which of the future, we see battle-groups of carriers, the rirst Lord of the Admiralty made in his re- : lie Fleet Air Arm may hope to have these new guided missile ships, and their escorts. These replace, nrcraft in squadron scrvice. PANAMA cently issued explanatory statement on the Navy in effect, the concentrated main fleets of past wars: Estimates would he very comforting. On this point, the London "Spectator" commented they provide the strength upon which all other •ustically: "The Navy's paper-strong force of Even so, it is most welcome news to learn that the naval activities depend: they cover the manifold irricrs likewise has no suitable aircraft to fly off United Kingdom Government envisages a continuing activities of the escort forces protecting our world- hem." need for strong naval forces and that (in the First wide sea communications: and they provide a mobile Lord's words) the Government is now "able to em- offensive force which can be quickly deployed where- bark on a programme of building and re-equipment". ever it is required. STRONGER ROYAL TIES It would be far better news to learn when this re- By their ability to disperse and re-concentrate at generation of the Royal Navy will be accomplished. Next year the Duke of Edinburgh will visit will, they remain, in the thcrmo-nuclear era, both an \ustralia for the third time. It will be to attend There was little new in his statement on the roles elusive and hard-hitting fighting force. The Royal ie 1956 Olympic Games in Melbourne. He is of the Royal Navy in peace and war, except that it Navy requires, therefore, carriers operating the punched home the intention to maintain and im- iikcly to visit other parts of the Commonwealth, latest aircraft: powerful ships armed with guided hut he will not be away from his family very prove the Navy's air power—despite what the weapons: escorts capablc, in co-operation with critics of the carrier have said. long. Within a few weeks he will be greeting Over 30,000 miles carrier and shore-based air forces, of providing pro- Her Majesty the Queen and their family again. The Navy's role in peace will be to support the tection for our shipping; submarines and amphibious around the world national policy overseas and to protect Britain's This is another trample of how much closer forces; and minesweepers to keep the sea lanes clear members of the Royal Family arc getting to those world-wide trade. In the event of another world for vital supplies. war, the Navy's role will be: who owe allegiance to tne Queen. Countless mil- "All of these ships must be well equipped and lions have grown to know them in person. (a) To search out and destroy the enemy's ships efficient and maintained in a high state of readiness. and to prevent him from using the seas; This has had the effect of making the Crown (b) To protect Britain's communications and to "Wc have already made long strides towards a stronger, more personal bond bringing together ORIENT STEAM NAVIGATION CO. LTD. safeguard the supply lines of Allied countries; meeting the need for modern carriers. We have, the various parts of the Commonwealth. The INCORPORATED IN ENGLAND (c) To provide direct air support for operations for some time, been clear about the design of our monarcmona h is no longer a distant figure.

THE NAVY 4 J • Insulating the arteries

of industry...! I

• Ashore I Stat* Electricity Commission. Imperiel CKamical Industries A.NX Australian Sal Light Co. Australian Iron and Steel Ltd. Stewerts and Lloydi. Thompioni (Cestlemeine). Depertment of Railway!. Weterside Cold Slorai. Streats lea Cream. » Nuffield (Aust.) Ltd. Vecuum Oil Coy.

Afloat >

Cockatoo Docks end Engineering Co. PORT LINE'S LATEST SHIP Adeleide Steam Ship Co. Jemes Patrick and Co. Pty. Ltd. Mcllwreith McEacharn Ltd. HE LATEST addition to the go and 295,000 cu. ft. for general Separate laundries have been ar- Huddert Perker Ltd. T fleet of the Port Line. Limited, cargo. The hatches are served by ranged for the crcw and passengers P. and O. Steam Navigation Co. London, the twin-screw refriger- 14 5-ton Clarke Chapman clectric and a hospital and dispensary are Depertment of the Navy. City Line W. 6. Deucher end Co. Ltd. ated cargo and passenger motor- winches. provided. The all-electric galley has A.U.S.N. Co. Ltd. hip Port Sydney (11,120 tons A 3-ton electric crane serving been equipped by Henry Wilson Newcastle end Hunter River !w ), completed her trials on Feh- No. 4 hold and two 2-ton cranes and Co., Limited. Life-saving ap- Steemship Co. Ltd. uary 28 and arrived in Sydney pliances include four 24-ft. alumin- AND HUNDREDS OF OTHERS. serving No. 3 hold were supplied t>t month from London on her by the Clyde Crane and Engineer- ium alloy lifeboats supplied by H.M.A.S. "Arunte" on her aiden voyage. Grcgson and Co., Limited, and PHONE BW 2373 AND WE WILL SEND AN EXPERT ENGINEER TO recent trials after the s team ing Co., Limited. These work in INSPECT AND ADVISE YOU ON YOUR INSULATING PROBLEMS. conjunction with derricks of 10- housed und-.-r Welin-MacLachlan pipes and boilers had been The ship, which was built by davits. NOTHING IS TOO HOT OR TOO COLD FOR UNI-"VERSIL" TO INSULATE. insulated by Uni-' Vorsil ". -aan. Hunter and Wigham Rich- and 15-ton lifts, and, in addition, WE ARE SPECIALISTS IN THERMAL INSULATION. AND OUR. TECH- Json, Limited, Wallsend - on - a 70-ton derrick serves No. 2 hold. Machinery installation NICIANS ARE EXPERIENCED IN WORKING WITH EVERY TYPE OF Nos. 1, 5 and 6 weather deck INSULATING MATERIAL. ne, has three complete steel The propelling machinery of the > ks above which is the first tier hatches are fitted with MacGregor steel hatch covers. Port Sydney, supplied and installed UNI-"VERSIL" INSULATING COMPANY PTY. LTD. erections consisting of a fore- by the Wallsend Slipway and En- i-tic and enclosed bridge. HEAD OFFICE: 59 YORK STREET, SYDNEY — Phone BX279I. The insulation of the cargo gineering Co., Limited, consists of Also at MELBOURNE, HOBART. ADELAIDE and PERTH. She has a length b.p. of 49Rft. spaces was carried out by Grcgson twin ft-cylinder Wallsend-Doxford moulded breadth of 70 ft. and a and Co., Limited, and the refriger- oil engines developing a total of •ulded depth to upper dcck of ating machinery was installed by 13,200 b.h.p. at 112 r.p.m. and ft. The loaded draught is 28 ft. J. and E. Hall. Limited. giving a service speed of 17 knots. :n. The cargo space is divided A high standard of accommoda- Each engine is fitted with a Bibby- Keep a Good lo six holds, three of which to- tion is provided for the passengers, Doxford detuning flywheel on the thcr with their 'tween decks have officers and crew. There arc eight forward end of the crankshaft. THOMAS ROBINSON & SON PTY. LTD. ''ten insulated to carry frozen single- and two double-berth cabins Torsionmcters of Siemens Bros, Lookout argo. for passengers and the public make have been fitted. FLOUR MILL AND WOOD WORKING General cargo is carried in Nos. rooms comprise a dining saloon, The engine-room auxiliary ENGINEERS. FOR THE NEXT ISSUE OF 1. 5 and 6 holds and lower 'tween lounge, bar and writing room. The machinery is operated electrically leeks, and all the upper 'tween furnishing and decorating of these with the exception of the boiler- leek spaces and forecastle. Chilled spaces was carried out by Robson feed pumps and the emergency 160 SUSSEX STREET, SYDNEY The Navy meat lockers are arranged in Nos. and Sons. The whole of the accom- compressor. Four electric gener- N.S.W. . 3 and 4 upper 'tween decks. The modation is mechanically heated ators, each driven by a 6-cylinder "Hal capacity of the holds is and ventilated by a Thcrmotank oil engine, are provided and each •'34,500 cu. ft. for insulated car- installation. Continued on pege 32.

THI NAVY Territorial Waters Dispute marine wealth of thc South Pacific," the first item on its agenda THREAT TO BRMTMSH was the legalisation of the declara- tions of the Presidents of Chile and Peru as regards their sovereignty WHALING SEEN over 200 miles of the continental waters and the sea beds under In last month's "Navy" we reported the discussions of the United Kingdom them. Chamber of Shipping on flag discrimination. This article sums up the The more important item from chamber's views on another highly controversial issue: the delimitation of the [U.K. Chamber of Shipping's] territorial waters, particularly as it affects the whaling industry. Whaler Section's point of view was the establishment of a permanent Condensed from a speech by L. M. HARPER GOW, M.B.E. commission to control whaling within these waters by the issue of licences and the setting up of an HE MODERN WHALING Georgia, the South Shetlands, the the most important natural home unofficial whaling convention T South Orkneys, and the Sandwich and breeding ground of the sperm expedition consists of a factory which would allow to the three group. This area is one which whale. It has been customary for countries concerned the relaxations ship and between 10 and 15 whale generally yields a fair return to many years for some factory ex- catchcrs and attendant vessels. The which the International Whaling thc whaling fleets and is therefore peditions to catch and treat sperm Commission had not been prepared crews of these vessels total from well frequented It is usually re- whales in these waters either on 500 to 700. The modern factory to grant under the terms of the ferred to as the Western Front. their way down to or while return- International Convention because ship is a highly efficient industrial Whaling is an international ing from the Antarctic. Some ex- unit capable of working up be- • »f the insufficient evidence which business, and apart from the British peditions have also been despatched Chile had then brought forward tween 20 and 40 whales per day (including South African) and solely to whale in these waters. (according to their species and in support of her case. , Norwegian expeditions, expeditions Since 1947 up to the Onassis in- The recommendations of the size) and producing some 3000 from Holland, Japan. U.S.S.R.. cident of 1954. eight expeditions, barrels of oil and many tons of Santiago conference were reported and one flying the flag of Panama including one British, have fished a the time to be subject to ratifi- by-products. are now active participants. The in these waters. Whales arc gener- It will, therefore, be appreciated ation by the three Governments duration of the whaling season and ally found a long distance from the • mcerned, and so far as is known that a very large capital investment, the total number of whales which shore, 100 to 150 miles being quite as well as the livelihood and well- no public announcement was made may be taken are limited by the common, and by no stretch of t" show that there had been ratifi- being of a large number of person- International Convention on imagination could it be held that nel, is tied up in each expedition. Whaling, designed for the preser- these whaling operations offended ation. However, in 1954 when it The factory ships leave the vation of whale stocks. cas known that a Norwegian- any normal or justifiable concept l.inaged expedition under the United Kingdom and Norway in While these restrictions are en- of territorial waters. the autumn each year tor the Ant- French flag was intending to whale tirely necessary if the raw material In 1950 Chile, which had signed 1 arctic and do not return until the these waters, thc managers were needed by our industry is to be the International Whaling Con- • formed that they could do so following spring. Once on the allowed to survive and to be given vention in Washington in 1946 whaling ground- each expedition uly if they applied for and ob- »7. t.l.r V° " ' •"Si-. 'ocm. Thi, photoor.ph .in opportunity to reproduce itself but had not subsequently ratified dU 9 must function as a self-contained med a licence. "" -kich M» 10th D.stroy.r S^.dron Zr'Zd and multiply, the added restric- it. appealed to thc International O"' ">• ..«t»rn Auitr.li.n co«t. and self-sufficient unit far from Inquiry as to thc terms on which tions since the late war have caused Whaling Commission to be ing no licence. Thc vessel was on inhabited land and normal trade conditions to become highly com- allowed to take whales of a smaller ich a licence would be issued As we have just heard, a further routes, the expedition's only con- ade it quite clear that an extor- thc point of departing to thc Ant- seven or eight United States fish- petitive with the result that only minimum size and to licence the arctic when she was intercepted tact with the outside world, apart the most efficient expedition can operation of her whalers for a nate payment wrtuld be extract- ing vessels have also been captured. from radio, being with the tankers i for the concession and that thc and captured. Circumstances were This looks like round four to Peru hope to show a reasonable return longer period each year than the therefore peculiarly favourable to sent down during the season to As I -hall show later, any enforced convention permitted. rocess was one of legal black - and we may well ask how many renew supplier of fuel oil and bring •nl coupled with threats of armed the Peruvian authorities in their rounds this contest will go. stoppage even of only short dura- The commission rejected those demand for something over one back whale oil. tion may prove disastrous. 'tack and forcible seizure if the This in itself is a first-class ex- Whaling is conducted all round requests after an exhaustive review rms were not complied with. million pounds ransom a« the price Apart from the Antactic waters, of the circumstances, and recom- ample of how quickly countries thc Antarctic continent during the The Norwegian managers, doubt- for releasing her. Thus thc second with this sort of mentality can brief Antarctic summer with the where the catch is mainly in blue mended that Chile should ratify ul as well they might be as to round also went to Peru and fin whales yielding the edible the convention and thus become a consolidate and .xpand their posi- exception of tho large area lying whether their Government would Any feeling that this was an tion if the original action is not between 70* west and 160° west oil on which our own domestic full member of the commission. ;vrmit the acceptance of such isolated action against a vessel of economy has become so dependent. In August. 1952, a conference immediately and strongly chal- longitude south of 40" *>uth lati- terms, withdrew their application, a (lag having no means of retalia- lenged on an international basis. tide which has been agreed inter- • me of the most important areas in was held at Santiago between dele- abandoned their expedition, and tion was quickly dispelled bv the which whales naturally abound is gates of the Governments of Chile, It is no exaggeration to say that nationally as a whale sanctuary the first round went to Peru. subsequent seizure of two United no British flag whaling expedition in the water off the west coast of Peru and Ecuador, together with States fishing vessels for alleged Eastward* of this sanctuary lies The owners of the Olympic would dare now to fish in these a large expanse of the Antarctic South America, particularly in the an observer from Colombia. Osten- violation of Peruvian territorial Humbold Current off the coasts of sibly a "conference for thc ex- Challenger, flying the flag of Pana- waters without an armed escort, continent containing off its water- waters and thc impt»situ>n ot hcavv for it would otherwise clearly be Peru and Chile. This is probably ploitation and conservation of the ma did, however, decide to run fines for their release. groups of islands including South whatever risk was involved in hav- subject to armed attack and the Round three also to Peru seizure of its ships. THI NAVY L"M.y , 1955. Her Majesty's Government have closed to British whaiers by uni- the outset the British whaling in- intercepted and boarded by an said that they will immediately lateral action—a complete contra- dustry has been in the forefront in Argentine gunboat; the master was come to the aid of a British ship in diction of one of the most import- placing its knowledge and ex- informed that he was inside Argen- such circumstances, but even so ant first principles of the United perience at the service of the Gov- tine territorial waters and he was one can well envisage the time Nations Charter that the economic ernment and has cheerfully accept- ordered to move off. This might which might elapse .ind the finan- resources of the s.'as shall be open ed and observed all the subsequent seem a comparatively trivial inci- cial loss which would accrue before to all. restrictions to its operations in the dent until it is realised that such any effective result was obtained. There is one particularly im- knowledge that they were for the •in abrupt termination to her im- Such loss and delay would be portant international aspect arising long-term benefit of the world's mediate activities might mean the severe enough if the expedition was from the unilateral action of these industry as a whole. abandonment of many whale car- returning home from the Antarctic South American States. When the The breakaway by an important casses waiting treatment by the at the time, but if it should happen International Whaling Convention group such as the South Ameri- factory and a voyage of several while the ships were on their first met in 1952 it was imme- cans, in order to obtain operational hours or even days of steaming to southward passage the result might diately recognised that effective advantages for themselves while reach another position with favour- well be complete disaster. measures of conservation must be denying these to all others, could able operating conditions. We must. I am afraid, face thc put into effect if the whale stocks have far reaching consequences it In the present highly competitive fact that this important area of of the southern hemisphere were their example was followed by conditions and in the shortened high seas is now most effectively not to be seriously depicted From others The International Whaling .-eason during which whaling is Convention has been an effective permitted, this apparently trivial and successful instrument for the incident could easily involve a loss betterment of world economy and • I something well over <100,000 it would be little short of a tragedy worth of produce. The Whaler if it were now to be rvndered in- Section [of the U.K. Chamber of effective by actions such as those Shipping] in the past has not been taken by the South Americans. backward in drawing H. M. Gov- Earlier 1 referred to that part of ernment's attention to this danger. the Antarctic generally known to In 1947 and 1949, and again at whalers as the "Western Front'' the end of 1954, the attention of and in which the whaling fleets ot the appropriate department was several nations operate each season. drawn to the possible dangers to Unfortunately this area contains the British whaling vessels inherent most of the mainland and islands :i these various territorial claims. which are the subject of conflicting There can be no doubt of the leeding Seemen Ken Burni, of H.MA.S. "Shoelhaven," gave 18-monthi-old claims of sovereignty despite the cry real threat which faces the Jeennie Brown e Japanese doll when member! of the ship's company .visited the fact that they have for so long Whaling Section to-day. We wcl- Scerbe Welfare Home ef Bondi (N.S.W.| lest month. They doneted more than been accepted as indisputably me the manner in which H.M. 100 toys to the home. British. Mivcrnment has rejected these cx- Chile has already announced -ivagant claims, but is this that her territorial limit of 200 nough? The Governments of other miles from her own mainland now iritime powers have made "Tattersall" Sweep Consultation also extends to the same distance iiially emphatic protests but they from the shores of any Antarctic ivc not prevented the armed at- territory over which she claims ieks and enforced seizure to which C/- GEO. ADAMS sovereignty. i fenceless mctchant and fishing 244 Flinders Street, Peru may well make simibr ssels have been subject while A claims, and Argentina while being aoefully engaged upon their Melbourne apparently content with something intimate pursuits. lesser in distance has already made World opinion must be mar- IWijPf Offers Now one attempt to establish similar lallcd and brought to bear to rights. ive these extravagant claims THE LIGHTNING CASH CONSULTATION The meteorological and other ihandoned and replaced by the land stations set up in Antarctic ecnerally accepted international 1st PRIZE £30,000 territory by Argentina and Chile unit of territorial waters. Only ONLY 100,00 TICKETS AT £1 EACH ;hen will it be possible to reach are relieved each year during the and then whaling season and at least one any variation by international agreement. The United Kingdom The Usual Melbourne Cup Consultation Naval vessel from each country 1 accompanies the relieving parties. '"wrnment should lead the way Buy Your Ticket Now lo ensure that all vessels may again In the 1951-54 Antarctic whaling Someone Must Win it — It Could Be You season a Norwegian factory ship continue to use the high seas in Tin Navy's new enti-submerine weapon. "Squid," fired from the destroyer lying in the Bransfield Strait was safety and free from molestation. 5/- CONSULTATIONS AS USUAL "Tobnik" during recent exercises.

THE NAVY Mey. IWS. REVIEW OF U.K. SHIPPING

This is the second of three articles reviewing the strength of the United Kingdom merchant fleet and the composition of shipping organisations. The final article will appear in the June issue of the "Navy."

N Britain the relations of the about 500, working from some 170 formed within the Board to con- I stations, is responsible for rescue sider training of the various cate- State with merchant shipping go from shipwreck and works closely gories of seafarers, namely, deck hack as far as 1381 when the first with the Royal National Lifeboat officers and deck ratings, engineer of a series of Navigation Acts was Institution. officers and enginerixim ratings, passed. Later acts were designed to Apart from these administrative and catering ratings. give British ships a monopoly in functions, the Ministry maintains All boys who wish to join the the carriage of goods to and from a close and friendly liaison with the Merchant Navy as deck or tumor Britain and its colonies. The last shipping industry on matters of catering ratings must undergo a of them was repealed in 1849 un- policy and problems relating to im- course of pre-sca training. The der the influence of free trade ports and exports and also to majority receive their training at ideas. special passenger requirements. the National Sea Training Schools But the same period found the Abroad, the Merchant Shipping Hut courses are also provided by State taking an increasing interest Acts are administered by H M certain private organisations and in the shipping industry, particu- Consuls and by officers of Com- by a number of local education larly in matters of safety and wel- monwealth and Colonial Govern- authorities. fare. To-day, the Government De- ments. A seaman may not be rated as partment chiefly concerned is the The Merchant Navy A B (Able Seaman) in United Ministry of Transport and Civil Kingdom registered ships unless he Aviation. The number of masters, officers holds a certificate of competency In the sphere of safety, it is and men (excluding Asiatic sea- as A.B., granted by the Ministry responsible for such matters as see men serving on articles of agree- of Transport and Civil Aviation. ing that the load line, which shows ment opened in Asia) making up To obtain this certificate a seaman the depth to which a ship may be the strength of the British Mercan- must, among other qualifications, safely loaded, is correctly indicated; tile Marine in December 1953 was have served three years at sea on pr«.nf.d »o r.pr.l.nt.t.v., of »h. Sp.ftic C.ntr. .t G.rden Island. that every ship has adequate life- about 145,000. In addition about deck, have attained a Certificate of saving and fire-fighting equipment; 45,000 Indian, Pakistani and other Jential training establishments, companies themselves select ap- Proficiency as Lifeboatman and lie of which are Public Schools, National Maritime Board. Mini- and that the necessary standard of Asiatic seamen serve regularly in have passed an oral and practical prentices for a special course of mum wages and holidays with pay safety is maintained in passenger British ships. ich provide courses of varying training consisting of a two-year qualifying examination. This .ith. The Ministry of Trans- are guaranteed for both officers and ship construction. Training: The policy of Mer qualifying examination for the cer- diploma course in a technical col- ratings. Moreover, the Merchant The Ministry is also responsible chant Navy training is determined -rt and Civil Aviation allows a lege, followed by eighteen months' tificate may, however, be taken on •portion of the time spent in Navy Established Service Scheme, for the issuing of certificates of by the Merchant Navy Training reaching the age of 18 after 12 training at sea and finally twelve introduced by the board, has re- competency to masters, navigating Board, which comprises representa- roved establishments to count months' training in an engineering months* service at sea as a deck ards the pcruxl of sea service moved a great deal of the uncer- and engineer officers, able seamen tives of the shipowners, officers' rating and those who pass may be workshop ashore tainty formerly associated with a and lifeboat-men, and for the cer- and men's societies, the Govern- h the apprentice or cadet is issued with an Efficient Deck Hand Hired to perform before becom- Seagoing engineer officers are seafaring life. tification of ships' cooks. It also ment Departments concerned, pre- Certificate, which enables the first employed as Junior Engineers: regulates such matters as crew ac- sea training establishments, the eligible to take the examination Officers and men can now take holder to serve at sea in a similar they become eligible to take exam- two-year contracts, not only with commodation on board ship, scales Association of Education Commit - a Second Mate's and Master's capacity to an A.B tificatcs after further periods inations for Second and First Class individual shipping companies but and quality of provisions, and the tees and the Association of Navi Certificates of competency after gation Schools. Seamen qualify by seniority for |ualifying sea service. with the industry as a whole, and carriage of medical stores. performing periods of qualifying get special benefits, in addition to The function of the Board is to promotion to the rating of Petty It is responsible for running the Officer. Servicc as a deck rating xagoing engineer officers usually sea servicc. the normal unemployment insur- Mercantile Marine offices at consider and make recommenda- qualifies for the purpose of admis- .'ive their basic training in en- Radio officers arc required to ance when they are ashore between United Kingdom ports at which tions concerning the training of the tering by serving a suitable ap- voyages. various classes of boys and men sion to the examination for a Sec- hold certificates of Proficiency in crews are signed on, and for keep- ond Mate's Certificate. nticeship of not less than four ing the central registers of shipping who enter the different depart- Wireless Telegraphy issued by the The Merchant Navy Welfare I'S in engineering workshops Postmaster-General on the results Board, on which arc represented and seamen. The Ministry (with ments in the Merchant Navy, but Pre-sca training is not compul- lore, although part of this period other Government Departments) is it rests with the shipping industry sory for those who go to sea as of an open examination. They re- officers' and seamen's unions and iy be spent at approved courses ceive their training in wireless col- associations, shipowners, voluntary represented on the Merchant Navy itself and the appropriate Govern- apprentices or cadets but most mechanical engineering. Welfare Board and the Merchant ment Departments to decide shipping companies will, in prac- leges. societies, the Ministries of Trans- port and Civil Aviation, Labour Navy Training Board (see below). whether any particular recom- tice, accept only those who have An alternative scheme of traili- Conditions of Employment and It also administers the Coastguard mendation should be adopted. undergone such a course. There are ng has. however, recently been in- and National Service, Pensions and Welfare: Wages and conditions of National Insurance, and the Col- Servicc, which with a personnel of Separate panels have been a number of residential and non- troduced under which shipping employment arc negotiated by the Continund on p«9« II. M«». I9S5. THI NAVt IT' THE ROYAL RESEARCH SHtP \ WENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO LAST As a result, the temperatures, Many of these who have sailed HEWS OF THE WORLD'S NAVIES T salinities, and layering of the water in her will sail no more, but the December 14 the Royal Re masses of the Antarctic Ocean, ship herself, after strenuous war scrvicc with the Royal Navy, search Ship Discovery II left their physical and chemical con- R.A.N, steaming party An Admiralty spokesman said England in the aircraft carrier London on her m.uJen voyage ditions and plant and animal life, Trinity House, and the Irish that about a dozen shots were She was built by Messrs Fer- Lights, and another five years since tor "Vengeance" Vengeance which would leave are probably better known than About 1000 officers and men of fired before the intruders fled. Australia in June. guson Brothers, and launchcJ, with those of any other ocean. Most of the war in the Antarctic and No one was hurt. steam up. on November 2. 1929. Atlantic Oceans, is still thoroughly :!ic Royal Australian Navy will Japan's defence the results appear in the Discovery leave Sydney for the United King Eflinton Air Station is used After Jomg 13$ knots over the Reports, 27 volumes up-to-date, seaworthy. During recent severe primarily as a training school in build-up measured mile, she was accepted by gales she reached Plymouth after Jom in the aircraft carrier Ven- and there are more to come: also, geance on June 16 to bring the anti-sub.Tiarine warfare. The Japanese Navy in the next the Crown Agents for the Colonics to an ever-increasing extent, tht four or five days' steaming through 12 months will be expanded from on behalf of the Discovery Com- 50 to 40 ft. waves and only twelve new R.A.N, aircraft carrier Mel- R.A.N, switches to published measurements serve as i >iinte to Australia. its present strength of 374 war- mittee Her task was the pursuit of the basic data for occanographic hours hovc-to. On arrival, she jets in August ships. totalling 86.065 tons, to looked much drier and in better The Melbourne, which is being investigations bearing largely on researches in all parts of the A fighter squadron and two anti- 386 warships, totalling 92.905 the biology of whales and on their world. shape than some of the storm- !-uilt in Vickers-Armstrong Ltd. tons. swept buildings on shore. vard at Barrow-on-Furness, will submarine squadrons of the Royal oceanic environment, primarily Thinigh the ship was mainly oc- Australian Navy Fleet Air Arm This is part of a general ex- with a view to the proper regula- She is now operated for the arrive in Australian waters in cupied with the problems of May next year. which are at present using piston- pansion of Japan's armed forces, tion of the Antarctic whaling in- marine biology and marine National Institute of Ocean- engine aircraft will be re-formed plans for which were announced dustry. physics, the pages of the Antarctic ography by the Royal Fleet Shortly after the Vengeance in the United Kingdom in August by the Japanese Defence Board Since she was launched she has Pilot give abundant testimony of Auxiliary Scrvicc under the Direc- teaches England she will revert and equipped with jet aircraft. last month. steamed some 300.000 miles, her useful contribution to naviga- tor of Stores, Admiralty. The to the Royal Navy, which lent mostly in the stormiest seas of the nor to the R.A.N, pending the They are No. 808 Squadron, The board said Japan's present tion and in the Falkland sector whale research is still going on, total armed strength of 162.000 world. Twice she circumnavigated but. until the scientists have had Melbourne's completion. Her which will be equipped with Sea most of the chartered coastline is Venom all-weather jet fighters in- men would be increased to the Antarctic continent in winter. based on her running surveys. She time to make the most of the -liip's company will then go to She went as far south as it was Harrow-on-Furness to join other stead of piston-engine Sea Furies, 193,000 men. The Army will ex- has carried expeditions, dogs and Antarctic data already collected, pand from '139,628 men to possible for a ship to go. until the ship will work mainly in the •iiccrs and men who are already and No. 816 and No. 817 Squad- areoplanes for survey parties, has rons, which will be equipped with 161.658. the Navy from 16.385 to there were only a few hours of been as far south as ships can go North Atlantic Ocean. At differ- nding by the Melbourne. feeble daylight Her crew had a The Minister for the Navy. Mr. Gannet turbo-prop anti-submarine 20,388. and the Air Force from in the Bay of Whales, has ent times in the past year in order 6.738 to 11,505 men. constant light to keep deck machin- to apply all aspects of science Francis, said last month that aircraft in place of Fireflies. manoeuvred cautiously through The High Commissioner for ery and scientific gear working, Hell's Gate, steamed boldly out to the seas, about 40 dentists from I • roe officers and 10 ratings of Sea Fury pilot and rapidly thickening ice barriers the Institute, Universities, and Royal Australian Naval Re- Australia in the United Kingdom, into the Pacific Ocean between Sir Thomas White. K.B.E.. ditches plane strxid acn*s her progress to the the East and West Furies, and other laboratories have sailed in her rve would be included in the An R.A.N. Fleet Air Arm pilot coastal region and the main breed- for periods of two to four weeks. | lplement of the Vengeance on D.F.C., V.D., will attend the re- pushed her way through hun- forming ceremony. had to "ditch" his Sea Fury in ing grounds of the shrimp-like dreds of miles of heavy ice. More and more scientific ap- passage to England. the sea off the eastern N.S.W. krill. on which the whales feed paratus. navigational equipment, The opportunity given them to The Minister for the Navy, Mr. coast on April 20. t the United Kingdom was to J. Francis, said last month that and clcctric generators arc The Minister for the Navy, squeezed into her. and though she regarded as a reward for out- members of the new fighter squad- VESSELS BUILT, SUPPED AND SERVICED. ron would undergo flying training Mr. J. Francis, announced the is 1^36 tons gross, larger than most • \ding service and keenness in incident the following day. He DIESEL, MARINE AND GENERAL ENGINEERING. research vessels, space begins to be Reserve. It would enable the at the Royal Naval Air Station at, Yeovilton (Dorset) and those of said the pilot was unharmed. RIGGERS AND SHIPWRIGHTS. a problem. She recently under- ers and men selected to gain The aircraft developed engine went a short refit at Plymouth the new anti-submarine squadrons All classes of repairs and conversion work carried out. :ch-keeping and practical ex- at the naval air stations at Cald- trouble while flying in formation before going to sea again in Janu- ' once, and, in some instances, at 5000 feet. MARINE INSTALLATIONS. MODERN SLIPWAY AVAILABLE ary for a very full programme for rose (Wales) and E g I i n t o n btain the certificates required (Northern Ireland). FOR ALL TYPES OF CRAFT. 1955. including deputising for one lualify for promotion or ad- More atom-powered ships of the ocean weather ships for a .ement. The three squadrons with their planned by U&A. month, during February and operational and reserve Sea The United States this year will March. ' iots fired at Venom and Gannet aircraft would probably begin developing an b'.N. sentries A. & W . Engineering No one finds her comfortable in arrive in Australia in the new air- atomic power plant to propel sur- Three armed intruders and two craft carrier Melbourne in May face warships. bad weather, her special design for I N. sentries exchanged shots at & Ship Repair Co. ice navigation being partly respon- next year. The U.S. Secretary of the ' e Royal Naval Air Station at Mr. Francis added that some of Navy. Mr. Charles Thomas, is sible, but a great variety of in- g I i n t o n . near Londonderry, Pig. Ltd. tricate work is done in her and the pilots who would be included reported to have told Congress- from her decks, and it seems likely • nrthern Ireland, late last month. •n the squadrons had already gone men this recently. The sentries challenged the to the United Kingdom where CAREENING COVE, MILSON'S POINT that she will be found suitable for Tlie report added that Mr. much useful work for a number of three men on the perimeter of the they were undergoing specialised Thomas said that tests with die Telephones: XB 167) and XB 4387. years. In 1929 she cost just under -ration. The men replied by open- training and gaining the experience atomic - powered submarine After Hours: Xj 3213. £70,000, and still proves very ng fire. The sentries returned the necessary to fly the new planes. Nautilus showed that the power ti Other pilots would travel to efficient and economical. lire. Continued M p*«« It. THE NAVY i M*v. int. II J Tradcwind. which is intended to embracing range of duties with adequate attack on submarines serve at need Kith as a transport special emphasis on anti-submarine threatening a convoy on the ocean WEST'S NAVY AIR POWER and a binding craft. It is fitted warfare and i>n the escorting of routes without having to detach a convoys but with full attention to Air power afloat can now have performance equal with nose-loading doors and can full-sized carrier from a fleet to do thcorctically taxi in to shore, drop the needs of general naval warfare. it. Indeed, both Gannet and Sea- to that of land-based air forces a ramp and send direct ashore its This may well involve it in con- mew show how specially pre- load of vehicles and guns or its flicts within range of land-based ix'cupied the Royal Navy is with By E. Colston Shepherd complement of armed men. aircraft, as in the Battle of Mata- anti-submarine warfare. That pan and the attack on the Italian policy is sound. Russia is not Both navies can expect to pro- IG carriers and the develop- confidently acquire a fast, swept- Unusual flying-boat fleet in harbour at Taranto. Hence known to have a single aircraft wing fighter like the Supermarine gress to supersonic aircraft as these its need for the most efficient pro- carrier. She is known to have a B ment of new devices like the reach a stage suitable for regular Alongside this is to be set the angled deck and the steam catapult .^25, which is comparable to thc most unusual of the world's flying tection by day and night and for great many submarines. Without R.A.F.'s Swift, and the United service. Hopes 111 the U.S. Navy the power to strike hard at reason- air cover at sea, her cruisers and have helped to relieve navies of •ire already fixed in this respect on Ixiat.-. one which employs the most certain handicaps which tended, in States Navy can provide itself with modern delta-shaped wing for high ably long range. In defence, thc destroyers would run grave risks. a delta-wing fighter like the the McDonnell Demon. D.H. 110 will serve as all-weather If she should go to war, her sub- the past, to deny them the use of Defensive equipment can be said speed, a small, shapely hull to keep the most advanced types of air Douglas Skyray. which has about drag low and a pair ot retractable fighter, capable of finding and en- marines would doubtless serve as the same top speed. to have made great strides in re- gaging its quarry in darkness and her main weapon of offence on the craft To-day. the Royal Navy can cent years. The shipbornc fighters hydroskis. Their function is to Jevelop lift under the water and in poor visibility, given initial high seas; and as the mixlcrn sub- could meet enemy land-based guidance from the mother ship. It marine can travel at high speed fighters with some confidence to- raise the hull, as on stilts, with in- creasing speed and so ease the pro- is armed with cannon. It under water and avoid surfacing day and could cope efficiently with can carry air-to-air missiles. Its over long periods, it merits special moderh bombers. cess of take-off. This jet boat has .1 loaded weight of 22,000 lb. and top speed should not be leu than defensive precaution* That assurance is pcrhap: of is evidently fast. 700 m.p.h. more importance to the United Sonobouys States Navy than to the Royal For the biggest carriers, the Together with the Supermarine In detecting and locating sub- Navy, whose air arm is entirely I tilted States also has a relatively 525, it should give protection merged craft, radar is useless. Be- carrier-borne and can cxpcct to big new bomber. The Douglas against the best aircraft an enemy cause of long submersion, a new have to deal with land-based air- AJD. which has two powerful jets could send against British ships. technique has become necessary craft only in exceptional circum- and a swept wing, can be flown The principal strike aircraft of the since the last war. It rests on the stances. but the last war's experi- If at a loaded weight of 67,000 lb., Royal Navy will be the Fairey sonobuoy, which came into use ence in the Mediterranean has which is more than three times Gannet. It is designed specially during the war and has been shown how peacetime calculations that of the Royal Navy's Gannet. for anti-submarine duties, but it greatly improved in recent years. can be upset by the misfortunes of lis maximum range is 2,000 miles, can obviously be applied to other It is, to searching aircraft, what war. Whatever task may confront affording a radius of action of classes of work and it has the ad- the asdic was to ships, although the Fleet Air Arm in another war. ibout 750 miles, and its offensive vantage of a double Mamba gas it works on a different principle. the aircraft will meet enemy air ad must be unusually big. The turbine driving two airscrews, It reveals the presence of a moving power on at least level terms. • me is true of the less startling either of which can be stopped for submarine by sitting on the water • rum.m S2F-1, a two-engined air- In the United States Navy, the cruising to increase the duration and detecting sound waves. What r.ift using piston engines, which situation approaches more nearly of a flight The Gannet. therefore, it detects it can be made to trans- irries torpedoes, depth charges, that of the Royal Naval Air has a high-speed and a low-speed mit cither by its own little radio nncs, bombs and cannon, in ad- Service in the 1914 war. Then, cruising rate according to the or through a cable attached to it. dition to most comprehensive radar the Royal Navy prepared itself for nature of the task on which it is The cable contact is clearly prefer- pparatus. air operations over coastal waters engaged. It has not the spectacular able. if it can be arranged; hence and took a large share in actions performance of some, of the Its purpose, like that of British the special use found in anti- against German land-based air American strike aircraft but submarine work for the helicopter. craft, including Zeppelins. The oastal Command aircraft, is to its general-purpose charactcr and ;id and attack enemy submarines, The Americans invented a term to United States Navy, bearing in large capacity make it an excellent describe this process of search in mind the island warfare in the 's flying-boat equivalent is choicc for a navy which cannot ne two-engine Marlin, similarly which a sonobuoy is lowered to the Pacific and such spccial duties as indulge in too many types. Forty surface, listened to, hauled up and Doolittle's attack on Tokyo from a quipped with radar for tracking Gannets arc being supplied to the ind attacking. In the Lockheed lowered egain in another place. carrier, continues to prepare itself Royal Australian Navy. They called it "dunking" the sono- for work in which land-based vVV-2 there is also a tightly pack- d craft which ultimately will be bouy For that job "there is nothing forces may have to be met. It also Alongside it, for use in escort like a hdicuptcr. provides itself with the means of monitoring guided missiles from carriers, is the Short Seamew, a the air. performing transport duties on a light anti-submarine aircraft of i Both the Royal Navy and tht big scale. The result on the flying The United States Navy can he loaded weight of 14.000 Ik, which U.S. Navy have turned with zest boat side is interesting and in -aid to have prepared to take a uses a Mamba turbo-prop. This is to the application of helicopters to genious; on the bomber side it is hand in every kind of operation, a genuinely light type, lighter than anti-submarine work. Their parti- ambitious. including attacks on land targets most modern fighters, and is an ad- cular value is that they can hover naval aviation have outmoded fha.a onceformideble pilton- It includes a cargo flying-boat ol as well as on enemy ships. The mirable solution of the problem of while they listen and then move on Rapid advance! in affording the means of swift and quickly to the next listening point enqinad aircraft. a loaded weight of 140.000 lb., th Royal Navy is assigned a less- THE NAVYjjj .May , 1955. "l and so sweep a danger area with NEWS OF THE WORLD'S NAVIES precision and in a remarkably short LOOKING BACK A BIT time. The U.S. Navy has en- Continued from paga IS. couraged the development of a By "Bartiifus" number of helicopter types. Thc unit had an expected life two or As the helicopter landed on thc three times greater than was beach a man from the crowd of Fleet Air Arm has relied, in the HANGE IS A law of life; For nearly a century after main, on Sikorsky types built by originally estimated. holiday-makers walked into the ram!" Thc idea thus conveyed The U.S. House of Representa- whirling rotor blades and was C sometimes things change for Trafalgar men could only with (through a voice pipe down which Westland. It is now to receive a the better, sometimes for the great difficulty disentangle the fairly large number of Bristol 173 tives on April 21 approved a naval killed instantly. some Olympian blew hard enough shipbuilding programme to include worse, but they must go on things which must not. indeed to actuate a whistle, and so attract two-engine and two-rotor heli- .hanging perpetually. Human be- cannot, change, and thc way of life copters, which arc of bigger capa- three more atomic-powered sub- Destroyer and sub. attention) that the ship was about marines. ings, on the whole, resent change; in ships which had to alter to to deliver the coup de grace to an city. How the Navy intends to use in collision and certain ways of life and match thc advancc in naval archi- them has not been revealed. Pre- enemy "ironclad". Whereupon all Important new stage The United States Navy an- thought, certain methods of earn- tecture and the science of warfare members of the gun's crew flung sumably they could carry both ing a living, tend to be much in guided weapons nounced that its submarine Jallao afloat. themselves flat on their faces and detecting and offensive loads if more conservative than others. When I went to sea, something necessary. and the destroyer Ellison last remained in a posture of complete The Long-range Weapons One of these is the Navy. over 50 years ago, boarding pikes immobility. The intimation that all No other navies have air equip- month collided off Virginia Capes. Establishment at Woomera has No one was hurt but the des- To begin with, there is in the were served out at "action danger (I suppose of being knock- ment of the variety and power of reached an important new stage stations" drill to bandsmen and ed off their feet) was past was the British and American. France troyer's bottom and the sub- minds of all those who use thc in thc development of guided mis- marine's conning tower were sea its eternal mcnace; the threat domestics and artisans. Thus arm- conveyed by thc order "Rise up!" has a version of thc Vampire as its siles. according to the 'Sydney ed they mustered in thc waist of But there was a catch in that. You chief lighter. As strike aircraft it damaged. to the safety of thc ship that Morning Herald." lurks in wind and currents, shoals, the ship (a battleship in this case) did not in fact rise more or less uses the Breguet Vulture, which After six years of basic research to repel hypothetical boarders. briskly to your feet until the has both a jet for speed and a R.A.N, helicopters fog, storms, demanding skilled on control problems, tests have navigation and seamanship- this They were described on the watch- gunner's mate said "Carry on!" turbo-prop tor economical cruising. now begun with prototypes of mis- in Tasmania bill as "waistcrs"—a designation Holland has flying-boats. Russia is unchanging, as are thc qualities, If you anticipated that, it made siles which, if effective, will be put Two helicopters belonging to great and small, needed in a good frequently resented by those whose the gunner's mate cross, which re- is known to have a land-based into production for the armed the Royal Australian Navy, as spelling and familiarity with naval torpedo-bomber with two jets, seaman. sulted in a repetition of the whole Services. well as flying and ground crew, Moreover to work a ship, to history were not their strongest business. If he was very cross, it which is believed to have a radius were lent recently to the Hydro- points. of action of 800 miles. Britain and "Thc achievement of this pro- keep her efficient, to secure her was repeated over and over again gress marks a tremendous advance Electric Commission of Tasmania -afcty and the fulfilment of her Six-inch gun drill in battleships till the less agile members of the the United States show naval for a reconnaissance of large areas included thc command "Prepare to aviation at an advanced stage of in the defence plans of both purpose, requires all onboard, crew groaned aloud. It was, in Britain and Australia, who are co- of rugged mountain country in 'rum captain to ordinary seaman, development, especially on thc de- the King and Franklin Rivers fensive side. That may prove of operating in the research and de- to be courageous, ob.'dient to velopment programme at Woom- region, in the western part of the "mmand, resourceful, loyal. To the highest importance shortly, State. when ships come to be used as era," thc "Herald" states. fail in one is to fail in all. These launching sites for guided missiles Defence experts from Britain The purpose of the reconnais- ere changeless truths. ORDER FORM carrying atomic bombs in their sance was to investigate potential It is just this quality of loyalty are to visit Australia later this hydro-electric power resources. warheads. year to take part in some of the ' Inch makes sailors cling to thc To "THE NAVY," —From the London tests of these missiles. st. It goes back a long way—to DEATH OF U.S.N. AIR 'he great leaders afloat in the 83 PITT STREET, SYDNEY. Four people rescued PIONEER • ipoleonic wars: St. Vincent, U.K. Shipping with "scoop net" American Admiral John Olingwood, Nelson. Nelson's Please register my subscription to "The Navy." The rate Coatinvad from p«g« 12. Towers, who comanded the first n men loved him more than life A Royal Navy helicopter last -elf. His captains kept alive thc is 20/- per 12 issues post free in the British Empire. I onial Office, has been responsible month rescued four people with successful air crossing of the since 1948 for the control and co- Atlantic, died of cancer on April, Jitions of their great leaders, send Postal Note/Cheque/Money Order for the Navy's newly developed id their successors did thc same: ordination of thc welfare services "scoop net" from the sea off 30. He was 70. issues. for merchant seamen in the United In 1945 he was Commander-in- Jcpart from them in one iota was Worthing, on the English south ' tail in loyalty to thc immortal (Add exchancc where applicable.) Kingdom and of British merchant coast. Chief of thc Pacific Fleet. Admiral Towers, in 1919, com- mory. "If it was good enough seamen abroad. Commencing from. — In thc United Kingdom, the They were two women and two manded three seaplanes which took r Nelson it's good enough for Board runs 15 Port Welfare Com- children who had dived off a off from Newfoundland for the . was a popular assertion that burning sailing sloop two miles uled thc flag of conservatism to mittees and has regional seamen's Azores and Portugal. Name welfare officers in Glasgow. Liver- offshore. His own plane and another were if mast, and passed on obstinately pool and South Shields. It manages The net, in the form of a "D," forced down in heavy fog near thc •rough the generations. directly a number of Merchant scooped up first one of the child- Azores, but the third plane reached It was not until after the first Navy houses and clubs, and many ren, then returned to scoop up the the islands and then flew on to Vorld War that I heard a captain others are run by voluntary «o- other child and the two adults. Portugal. 'cmark, when told of some disaster ; cieties. In overseas ports the It was thc third time the scoop The Admiral taxied his seaplane nboard: "Well, we got over the 200 miles to the Azores, refusing Icath of Nelson; I daresay we shall voluntary societies run some 300 had been used to save people in «t over this." dubs for British merchant seamen. the sea. offers of assistance.

THC NAVY May. IMS. ago the ship's company of a fact, a foretaste of what came to called a picket boat, used for dis- surveying ship in the tropics sent be known as P.T., an outrage to patches. All signalling was visual; MAIITIME NEWS OF THE a deputation to their captain to ask human dignity (among the portly) in a fog, oral; that is to say by if they might be given a refrigera- of which only rumours then dis- whistle or fog horn in the morse tor at the next refit. The captain, turbed the Navy's peace of mind. code. Nobody talked unneces- sarily. There was no wireless . . . a gaunt, bowed man, prematurely There were no organised games But to return to food; messes drew aged by a life-time of privation in ashore; there were "Evolutions" on their rations — so much meat, the most arduous service afloat, put Monday mornings, when ships bread, potatoes, flour, raisins, dried on his sword and waited upon the competed against each other in peas, and so on—from the victual- Commander-in-Chief to ask if he WORLD arduous drills; there was boat- ling stores and dealt with them might try by Court Martial for pulling, usually round the Fleet, From our Correspondent, in how they liked. It was all on a mutiny the spokesman of this im- and when at Portland, the base, generous scale and from the point pious delegation. LONDON and NEW YORK ship's companies were landed, of view of hygiene, would make Salt beef, salt pork, tinned armed with rifles, and marched to By a modern dietitian weep. mutton (rather an innovation and Weymouth. Except at Sunday quite beastly), dried peas, flour and AIR MAIL morning divisions and church, it One member of each mess, in biscuit, formed the principal ration was the only time the sailor wore turn, prepared the meat according at sea after a couple of days out of "Iberia" rescues two Parramatla collided near Long his boots. A great many partici- to whatever light guided him, harbour. Bakers were unknown merchant ships under the Pana- pators in this ceremonial marathon fabricated to the best of his'ability men from sea Beach, California, on April 22. manian flag, according to Press afloat. Breakfast consisted of cocoa It was believed that five other reached Weymouth pier wearing a "figgy-dutf" or, with condensed and hard biscuit. Strangely A launch from the liner Iberia reports from London last month. them slung round their necks, milk, a rice pudding, and the re- rescued two men from the sea in people in the yawl were also The reports, which quote West- enough, it was the men themselves drowned. having trudged most of that via sult was delivered over to the cook who resented occasional well- I'ort Phillip Bay. about three- ern intelligence sources, state that dolorosa in their worsted socks. in the galley. There was no school meaning attempts by the Admiral- quarters of a mile from Station The Parramatta was on her wathy e ships are being used to train Some there were who fell by the of cookery, no preliminary train- ty to improve the diet afloat. I 1'ier, Port Melbourne, on April to Australia when the collision naval crews and to carry contra- wayside and were borne in the rear ing for cooks. They picked it up remember, as a Midshipman, the 17. occurred. band cargo. by stretcher bearers in not much as best they could. Some tried, Coxswain of my cutter, a Petty A hospital attendant in the Mr. Wilson, with his wife and Russia probably controlled more better case, but it was thought good others didn't. The ship rolled like Olficer 2nd Class, speculating dis- Iberia heard cries for help. He a crew of three, left Auckland than 200 merchant ships registered practice for them. a tub at sea, and, in heavy weather, mally what the Navy was coming saw two heads in the water and originally in 1953 for a 7000 with Panama and other Latin- seas pentrated through ventilating to. We had been sent into the >.;ave the alarm. miles cruise to San Francisco by American countries with easy At the beginning of the century cowls overhead. A man's dinner dock-yard at Malta to load up a The two rescued men were test- way of Fiji, Tonga, Tahiti, and marine laws, the reports added. the rations were almost unchanged was in jeopardy every hour till it consignment of marmalade, hither- ing a speedboat when the engine Honolulu. from the days of sail; and in reached him, probably burnt to a A black day for parenthesis it may be observed that to unknown in the Navy. Person- failed. The boat then sank. He was co-owner, with his cinder, at eight bells. Cocoa was ally, I thought this whimsy of the these trawlers all intercommunication between a staple beverage. brother, Mr. G. C. Wilson, of the ships and the shore was by sail or Admiralty was to be commended, Off the Kentish coast last month Matson ships for trans-Tasman racing cutter Leda. oars. There was one power boat, Not much more than 30 years and said so. "Only fit for boys," a trawler hauled up in its nets four retorted my Coxswain, and squirt- Australia run On April 23 U.S. marshals seized hundredweight—not of fish, but the Parramatta as she was prepar- ed tobacco juice contemptuously The Matson shipping company of coal. ing to sail for Australia. into the water. plans to convert two freighters Other trawlers fishing the same This action followed the filing in grounds had similar catches. I remember when I was young, i! to passenger ships for the U.S.- the Federal District Court of A Coal Board official explained NICOL BROS. PTY. LTD. being told by a very old retired Australia service, according to damage claims against the vessel later that it was most probably an INCORPORATING Commander that when he was a Press reports last month. and the owner, the Transatlantic outcrop of coal on the ocean bed. Midshipman, the ship's cook lacked The company has accepted a Steamship Company of Goten- The crews of the trawlers shared a leg and an eye, having lost them lender of £A11,800,000 for the horg, Sweden. the coal which, according to Press PENGUIN HEAVY LIFTING PTY. LTD. at the battle of Navarino (1827). c nversion work, the reports reports from England, burnt well. Every year, on the anniversary of aided. The claims seek about £315,000 the battle, he got a little drunk The ships arc two of J 5 for the death of Henry Meiggs. World's first atomic PENGUIN PTY. LTD. owner of the Suomi, and about and paddled himself round the ship "Mariners" (13,000 tons) built merchant ship with his wooden leg, in one of his £22,300 for the loss of the vessel. ALL CLASSES OF STEAM DIESEL J ring the Korean war. A lump of uranium the size of own galley tubs. The officers and AND GENERAL ENGINEERING When converted they will each A New York Press report on a golf ball may drive the world's men manned the ship's side and BOILERMAKERS, OXY-ACETYLENE c rry 380 passengers and a crcw April 24 stated that one man was first atomic - powered merchant cheered him. AND ELECTRIC WELDERS 260. missing and three hurt after the ship, estimated to be ready for its PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL WORK There is no moral in this story, American passenger ship President maiden voyage in 1957, the Sun- FLOATING CRANE AVAILABLE AT ALL TIMES but it shows that a commendable Buchanan and a fishing boat col- Herald's New York bureau states. ^ .ichtsman drowned lided off the New Jersey coast (20 TON CAPACITY) spirit existed between cook and President Eisenhower announced c

THE NAVY to«y, 1955. 20 >1 ling, the newspaper report states. the continental shelf, which in- Ship* collide at cludes the Arafura Sea. TTte estimated cost of the ship Melbourne t THE ALBERT MEDAL is £9 million. The Japanese announcement said The 6000-ton freighter Wangar- The Albert Medal was instituted by Queen Victoria in 1866, five yean However, Mr. Lewis Strauss, that the pearling fleet's target atta and the 8000-ton Iron Du^e chairman of the U.S. Atomic would be 1016 tons compared with after the death of the Prince Contort and iq, hit memory. The medal, collided at Victoria Dock, Mel- awarded for heroic actions in saving life from "shipwreck and other perils Energy Commission, has warned 955 tons last season. bourne. on May 2. that the time has not yet come for P. and O. Company's of the sea," was pre-eminent among non-military British awards for personal general construction of an atomic £8 mi lion profit The Wangaratta's bows were gallantry. merchant fleet. He sees the first slightly damaged and the hull of atom-powvrcd merchant ship as a The P. and O. S.N. Company the Iron Du\e was damaged above "By Taffrair "fhiating atomic showcase." and its subsidiaries made a trading the waterlinc. No-one was injured. profit of £8,280,500 for the year Melbourne reports state that a J S THE OFFICIAL order of stone, for his gallantry in March Russian patrols seize bert Medal of the First Class," and ended September JO, 1954. tug's towlinc broke while the Wan- i precedence the Albert Medal 1866, when a barque was wrecked the ribbon was altered to one of Japanese boats Out of this profit the company garatta was being turned. Water- •iked lower than the Victoria near Start Point in a heavy gale dark blue 1 j inches wide with four A Press agency report from paid £5,058.986 in taxation and side-workers and crew members on i >ss, which is worn before all and a high sea. He sent men to white stripes. Its award was con- Tokyo says that Russian patrol transferred £1,960,693 to reserves. the Iron Dul^e received a shaking. Jers and decorations, whereas rouse the villagers at Torcross and fined "to cases of extreme and hoats have seized 45 Japanese crab- The net profit was £1,693,993— A.M. was displayed after to inform the coastguard, and him- heroic daring." fishing boats off Hokkaido since the .. -orations and before all other £607,895 more than for the pre- U.K. committee on self took a small coil of rope and The same warrant instituted crab-fishing scas»m opened on vious year. Jals. But it was even more scrambled down the cliff and along oil pollution "The Albert Medal of the Second March 15. N.S.W. fishermen's iringly granted than the V.C. the rocks until he was near the Class," worked entirely in bronze, Japanese coastguard officials, who The British Government has de- | In the period 1856-1938 the wreck. His efforts resulted in the worn from a dark blue ribbon five- revealed this, stated that the Rus- big catch \ C. was bestowed on 1160 occa- saving of several lives. Four fishermen at Bulli Beach cidcd to set up a National Com- eighths of an inch wide with two sians had released 20 of the ves- mittee to deal with oil pollution. > ns. In 1866-1938 the Albert white stripes. It was intended to sels they seized. (south coast of N.S.W.) on April Medal was conferred no more than Other early awards were to Mr. 24 landed more than ten tons of It will be widely based, including | Samuel Lake, of the Bombay Re- be given in cases of bravery at sea times; in 221 instances for "not sufficiently distinguished to Japanese pearling fleet mullet. It was the biggest single net representatives of shipping inter- ' < and 311 for land service. clamation Company's Works, and for Australia catch that fishermen in the area ests. Government departments Mr. W. H. Millett, third officer of deserve" the First Class. The divid- It has recently been decided that ing line was always narrow; but in The Japanese Foreign Ministry can remember. (including the Admiralty), and future the Albert Medal shall the P. and O. steamship Emeu, for The catch was estimated to be the Department of Scientific and their conspicuous bravery in June, effect the award of the First Class has anntiunced that a Japanese < v be awarded posthumously, meant that a recipient must have pearling fleet of 25 luggers and a worth about £1000 to the fisher- Industrial Research. This was an- 1866, in saving upwards of 400 men. nounced in the House of Com : it is, to the next of kin of those people from a ship called the Dia- seriously imperilled his life in cir- carrier ship will leave Japan for » i perished in performing 6ome cumstances which made his own the Arafura Sea on May 7. Six motor lorries were required mons recently when an unopposed mond, carrying pilgrims, which was to shift the catch—reckoned to second reading was given to the < -landing act of heroism. Gal- dismasted in fierce weather and survival very unlikely. It would operate under an agree- la:. iry at sea or on land on the part ment reached last year between the comprise 10,000 fish — from the "Oil in Navigable Waters" Bill driven ashore near Bombay. In April 1877, another warrant beach to cold storage. The difference in scope between i* iving persons in time of peace, extended the award of the Albeit Japanese and Australian Govern- or :n war for acts of bravery not ments. Japan is allowed to operate The four men used a 400-yard this Bill and an Act of 1922, ' Others whose gallantry received Medal in both classes to cover gal- net, but close to the shore the net which it will replace, is that the ac tally in the presence of the early recognition in 1866-67 were lantry "in saving or endeavouring in this area until the International en my, is now recognised by the Court reaches decision on Aus- broke and about a third of their old Act was confined to Britain's Charles Spranlding and John Don- to save the lives of others from av rd, in descending scale, of the ovan. chief boatmen at coastguard tralia's claim to sovereignty over original catch was lost. own territorial waters. The Bill ( accidents in mines, on railways, or G rge Cross, the George Medal, stations; the Reverend Charles at fires, or other peril . . . other makes it an offence to discharge ill British Empire Medal, and the any persistent type of oil from Cobb and John Batist, of Dytn- than perils at sea." Q .-en's Commendation. church: James Hudson, an appren- The design of the badges was the U.K. registered ships in prohibited tice of 17, and Theophilus Jones, WAILES DOVE BITUMASTIC PRODUCTS area? specified in the schedule. i"he first suggestion for an Al- same as before, except that the K t Medal came in 1864, and the who swam off to a wreck near Fal- centre was enamelled crimson with BITUROS SOLUTION tc HARD ENAMEL Discussing the question of R al Warrant instituting it was mouth; John Rickett, able seaman tracing oil from ships, the Minister the V. and A. without the anchor, da- d March 7, 1866. At first there of H.M.S. Clio who rescued a boy while the inscription on the sur- THE WORLD'S BEST PROTECTION (Mr. Boyd-Carpenter) told the one class only, described as a who had fallen overboard in a Housc that one of the most profit rounding garter read "For Gal- for So I. oval-shaped badge with the heavy sea in the shark-infested lantry in Saving Life on Land." able methods pursued was thi centre enamelled in dark blue bear- waters of a port in Mexico; A. T. FRESH WATER DRINKING TANKS. aerial tracing of oil on the sea The ribbon of the First Class, lj in the letters V. and A. interlaced Shuttleworth, Deputy Conservator inches wide, was crimson with four Last summer some of his official - »• h an anchor, in gold, surround- of Forests, Alibagh, Bombay, who flew over the Channel while a white stripes, and that of the Sec- ed ny a garter in bronze inscribed on three occasions saved lives from ond Class five-eighths of an inch- J. WILDRIDGE & SINCLAIR PTY. LTD. tanker discharged small quantities in aised letters of gold "For Gal- shipwreck in circumstances of of different types of oils. The de- wide with two white stripes. 97 PITT ST., SYDNEY, N.S.W. la ry in Saving Life at Sea" and great peril. partment came to the conclusior si nounted by the crown of the The first awards of Albert Med- MELBOURNE BRISBANE that they could identify types oi These few were the forerunners als for land service, four of the •ill Prince Albert. The ribbon, of a long roll of honour which AGENTS: oil from the sea to a satisfactory ti - eighths of an inch wide, was First and twenty of the Second ADELAIDE . . . GIBBS BRIGHT tc CO. aegree. That would help enforce contains the names of many gallant Class, were made to the colliers '>< lark blue with two white stripes. people and covers the world. PERTH . . . FLOWER, DAVIE S tc JOHNSON. mcnt but it was difficult to estah Hie first award was made to a and others who rescued the sur- In April 1867, the decoration vivors after a disaster at the Tyne- HOBART R. L. MILXJGAN. lish the origin of the discharge on vonshire fanner, Samuel Popple- the open sea. already described became "The Al- wydd Colliery, in the Rhondda

IMS. THE MAW If Dorcen. It then attacked him. and Second Class were altered res- ren, killing one, injuring many him hauled on board, though it Hid Doreen. getting to her feet, pectively to "The Albert Medal in was then found he was dead others and filling the room with \ ime to Anthony's rescue, fighting Gold" and "The Albert Medal." debris. Miss Rosbotham, at the risk through having been crushed be- ith her fists and bridle, and even King George V also approved of tween the two ships. Rudand's es- of her own life, extricated four utting her arm into the animal's recipients using the letter "A.M." infants and rescued another who cape from the same fate was louth to try to prevent it from after their names. miraculous. was cirmpletely buried and must iting her friend. otherwise have been suffocated. She i She was able to get it off the One feels that two outstanding On some date in 1917 a scaplanc remained until every child had been >y. when it stood on its hinij legs deeds for which the medals "in collided with a latticework wireless placed i.i safety. id fought with her. The cougar gold" were awarded must be men- mast at Horsea Island, at the top of In 1910 Mrs. Frances Maude •is evidently disturbed by some tioned, the first to Lieutenant Fred- Portsmouth harbour, and remained Wright, the wife of a newsagent's und, for presently it slunk away erick Joseph Rutland, of H.M.S. wedged 500 feet up, the uncon- carman and the mother of six J hid under a log, where it was Engadmc. On June 1, 1916, after scious pilot being thrown out of children, grappled with a man with Iterwards killed. Both children, the battle of Jutland, this ship went his seat or to one of the wings. a loaded revolver who was attack- •ugh severely injured, were able alongside the sinking cruiser War- Three seamen, Nicholas Rath, ing a policeman. At about the make their way home and were rior to rescue survivors. The Richard Knoulton and George same period a girl. Amy Madeline ter decorated. ships were grinding together Faucctt Pitts Abbott, at once laques, saved her brother and most dangerously when a severely climbed up the mast for 100 feet, father when attacked and injured From the time of its institution wounded man was accidentally when Rath, using the boatswain's by a bull; and a nurse. Hilda Eliza- holder of the Albert Medal could dropped overboard from a stretcher chair which travelled inside the beth Wolsey. at the risk of her life, 11* awarded a bar for a subsequent and fell between them. The War- mast, had himself hauled up to the rescued a mental patient who had i.'t of bravery considered worthy rior's captain had to forbid two of place where the seaplane was fixed. • l recognition, though it is be- climbed along the narrow guttering his officers from going overboard He crawled out on the plane at the edge of a roof. The bravery ved that no bar has ever been to the rescue, as it would have varded. In 1904 the ribbons of and held the pilot until the arrival of all three was duly recognised. meant their almost certain death. of Knoulton and Abbott, who In 1918 four gallant nurses. •>• Second Class were altered to a Before he was observed Rutland idth of 1§ inches while retaining passed him the masthead gantline Gertrude Walters Carlin, Harriet went overboard with a bowline Having sccured the pilot with the Elizabeth Frascr, Gladys White the same colours as before, while from the forepart of the Engadine iii August, 1917. the designations gantline the gallant three lifted and Alice Batt, received the Albert and worked himself aft. He put the him from the 'plane to the inside the Albert Medal First Class bowline round the man and had Medal for assisting to save the Continued on peqe 28. patients, some of whom were un dergoing serious operations, during a bad fire at a casualty clearing ' station in Belgium. In 1919 Mrs What do you want your Emmett, wife of the stationmastcr at Peshawar, was instrumental in | saving her son and sick husband from a murderous fanatic armed Lieutenent-Generel Bruce Clarke. Commander o( the U.S. Army in the Pecific, BRITISH leys e wreath on the Cenoteph in Sydney during hit recent visit for the 13th with an axe and a dagger. In the , EA GULL ennivertery of the Corel See Battle. course of the struggle all three of I them were wounded. ades inadvertently dropped during During the Baluchistan earth to do? Valley, when the pit became inun- quake in 1935 Florence Alice A1 dated with water. The rescue of the practice or instruction. You buy a SEAGULL to save you the toll of rowing — to take you Glancing through the records len, at the risk of her own life and last five survivors took four days, at the cost of terrible injuries to further afield more quickly — to bring you home against the wind or one sees the names of doctors, foul tide. and the rescuers had to hew their her leg, saved the child in her way through a barrier of coal 38 steeplejacks, railwaymen, postmen, Whatever your boat, from the smallest dinghy afloat to a seven-ton divers, labourers, dockyard charge by throwing herself across yards thick where there was always the cot. cruiser, one of the SEAGULL motors is just cut out for the job — and the danger of an irruption of workers, seamen, soldiers—men of one and all start easily, nieed little care and go on and on doing their work. water, inflammable gas and com- every profession and walk of life, In 1916 two children, Dorcci pressed air. including Jack Hewitt, a boy of 11, Ashburnham, aged eleven, ane who jumped fully dressed into the Anthony Farrer, aged eight, left Whatever your pleasure afloat Thereafter the Albert Medal for River Ouse at Goole in a strong their homes at Cowichan Lake BRITISH SEAGULL land servicc was bestowed for gal- tide and saved the life of his friend Vancouver Island, to catch their will add to it lantry in a number of mine and aged nine. ponies. Half a mile away they railway disasters, and for rescues The first woman recipient of the were attacked by a large cougar N.S.W. Distributors: from fires, drowning and other eleven whose names appear be or puma. The animal sprang upoi perils all over the world. It was tween 1880 and 1935 was a school the girl, knocked her dowivwith DANGAR, GEDYE & MALLOCH LTD. awarded on many occasions during mistress aged 23, Hannah Rosbot her face to the ground, ami 10-14 YOUNS STREET, CIRCULAR QUAY, SYDNEY. the First World War to officers ham. A stone belfry collapsed and crouched on her back. Anthony ai P.O. Bo. 509. Phone: BU 5095. and men who saved lives by throw- crashed through the roof of a oncc attacked the cougar with his BRANCHES: NEWCASTLE, LISMORE, WA66A 1 HAY. ing away live bombs or hand grcn- schoolroom containing 200 child- fists and riding-bridle and drove it M.iy, 1955. THI NAVY] 24 i H.M.A.S. Vendetta, which was appointed to H.M.S. Renoum, in On hi< return he served in London from January, 1953, until Personalities the first Australian warship to H.M.A.S.S Voyager, Australia and January, 1955. which he served until September L-nter the Mediterranean in Decern- 1928. Albatross. He takes up his present appoint- ivr, 1939. He held this command ment this month. Thrice Decorated Officer After a period of duty in till May, 1940. He then returned At the outbreak of war in 1939 H.M.A. ships and in doing thc t.< Australia and was temporarily he was serving in H.M.S. Tenedos Signal, he became assistant Fleet in command of H.M.A.S. Kybra on the China Station, where he re- Captain Walton to Command New Carrier Wireless Officer of the Mediter- a; the end of 1940. mained till December 1940. In Captain J. K. Walton, until this ranean Fleet in H.M.S. ^.ueeti From June, 1941, to June, 1943, 1941 and 1942 he served in month Chief Staff Officer to the Australia's new aircraft carrier, first apointed to the R.A.N, in Elizabeth during the Ittalo- H.M.A.S. Herman. In April 1943 1924 as Dental Officcr to the old he was in command of H.M.A.S. Flag Officer in Charge East Aus- tiie Melbourne, is to have as itj Abyssinian War, 1935-1936. he went to H.M.A.S. Bungaree tralian Area, has been appointed first captain a naval officer who Tmgara, Boys' Training Ship. Maryborough as Senior Officer of Returning to Australia, he trie 21st Minesweeping Flotilla at and in June of that year to Naval Officer in Charge, Western has been decorated three times for He was one of the originals of served as Squadron Signal Officcr H.M.A.S. Bendigo, which he com- thc second H.M.A.S. Australia, Singapore and Java, and during Australia. his war services. He is Captain in thc Australian Squadron. At manded for 15 months until Sep- He is the first West Australian G. G. O. C.atacrc, D.S.O.. D.S.C. having joined her whilst thc ship i his command he received the act- the outbreak of war he was in ing rank of commander. tember 1944. In November of that to hold that appointment. and Bar, R.A.N., who is at pres- was still in dockyard hands, and charge of the Signal . School, year he was apponited to H.M.A.S. ent the Australian Naval Repres- before commissioning. He also Flinders Naval Depot, and con- The Maryborough was one of Captain Walton came from the last ships to leave Tyilatjap, on Hobart, was serving in this ship at Darlington. W.A., and entered the entative and thc Australian Naval served in thc ship when she was curently Officer in Charge, Navy the conclusion of hostilities in Attache at Washington (U.S.A.). flagship to Admirals Sir Francis Office W/T Station. In April, March 3, 1942, after she was R.A.N. College in 1919. He gained attached to the Ceylon Escort September, 1945. He was then ap- his colours for rugby, and at Hyde and E. R. G. R. Evans — 1941, he became Flag Lieutenant pointed to Navy Office in April, In announcing this appointment now Lord Mountcvans. Force. His next appointment was passing out was awarded "maxi- last month thc Minister for thc to Rear-Admiral J. G. Grace, and 1946, where he remained until After a term as Senior Dental later to Rear-Admiral V. C. Commanding Officer, H.M.A.S. mum time" and the prizes for Navy, Mr. J. Francis, said that Platypus, and Deputy N.O.I.C. June, 1947. From then until French and English. Officcr at Flinders Naval Depot, Crutchley, V.C.. D.S.C., com- March, 1949, he was in command in the near future Captain Gat- he went to H.M.A.S. Canberra. •it Cairns, after which, in August, He became a midshipman on acre would leave Washington for manding H.M.A. Squadron, and of H.M.A.S. Condamme, from During thc 2nd World War he- served as Squadron Signal and I''44, he was appointed to com- May 15, 1923, sub-lieutenant in England where he would stand by mand H.M.A.S. Bungaree. which ship he went as Executive served in the Mediterranean and Wireless Officcr. Officer and Deputy Naval Officer- 1926, lieutenant in 1927, lieut.- the Melbourne until it was ready later in H.M.A.S. Hobart in thc In December, 1944, he was ap- commander in 1935 and com- for commissioning at the end of In September, 1943, he was ap- in-Charge of H.M.A.S. Tarangau South China and Java Seas. I' inted to Commanding Officer of until March, 1950. He was pro- mander in 1941. His first ship was this year. Thc vessel would arrive pointed Commanding Officer of H.M.A.S. Adelaide, and on going He received thc O.B.E. in 1950 H.M.A.S. Watson, the radar H.M.A.S. Adelaide, leaving her to moted to commander on June in Australian waters in early take command of H.M.A.S. Mel- to the United Kingdom he served 1956. and appointed to the staff of thc school at South Head, Sydney. 30, 1949. After this he Governor-General as Honorary ville in March, 1945. He was was the commanding officer of in H.M.S. Repulse before doing Mr. Francis said that Captain In November, 1945, he was ap- Dental Surgeon. the senior naval officer at the H.M.A.S. Leewin from April courses. Gatacre had been in the Royal pointed to H.M.A.S. Shropshire. For some years before to his surrender of Japanese forces in 1950, to April, 1951. He was In 1927-28 he qualified as act- Australian Navy for 34 years. He leaving in August, 1946, to take transfer to the Retired List, he was T;mor on 11th September, 1945, Executive Officer in H.M.A.S. ing-interpreter in French, and in was awarded the D.S.C. in 1941 command of H.M.A.S. §uiberon. Command Dental Surgeon, East ai Koepang. During 1946 he was Australia between May, 1951 and the following year he qualified as for his services in H.M.S. Rodney Australian Area. Commander Cant I) visional Commander of the 20th December, 1952, then went to the a submarine officer. He joined in the operation that led to the Mne Clearance Flotilla in United Kingdom to serve on the H.M.A.S. Perth on commissioning destruction of the Bismar\. He Commander G. L. Cant, Com- Commander Bath H M.A.S. Katoomba, before going Australian Joint Services Staff in and was in her at the outbreak of received a Bar to his D.S.C. in manding Officer of H.M.A.S. to H.M.A.S. Australia in Novem- war. In June, 1940, he was ap- 1943 for skill and resolution in Commander Bath has been ap- Kuttabui, left thc Service at the ber of that year. the Guadalcanal action. In 1953 pointed Commanding Officer of end of April. he gained the D.S.O. for services H.M.A.S. Kuttabul, relieving Commander Cant, a South Aus- Captain Dowson Comander G. L. Cant, who has tralian, entered the R.A.N. in Korean waters. His citation Captain J. H. Dowson has been read: "He has displayed courage left the Service. College in 1916 and gained his Wilh. WILHELMSEN AGENCY Commander Bath, who entered colours for cricket and athletics. appointed Chief Staff Officcr to and imagination in handling the th. Flag Officer in Charge East international forces under him and thc R.A.N. College in 1922, was He became a midshipman on 1st PTY. LTD. made a cadet captain in December, January. 1920, sub-lieutenant in j Australian area. He succeeds Cap- aggressive intelligence towards the la.:! J. K. Walton. enemy." 1924, and gained his colours for December, 1922, lieutenant in SYDNEY Be MELBOURNE Rugby. 1924, and lieutenant-commander Captain Dowson entered the Captain Gatacre was born in At passing out, he was awarded in 1932. His acting rank as com- R val Australian Naval College in 1907 at Wooroolin. Queensland. "maximum time". He became a mander came in May, 1943. His \ 1917. He was made a cadet-cap- first ship, in 1920, was H.M.A.S. ta> l. and at passing out in 1930 midshipman in May, 1926, a sub- Representative for: Surgeon-Copt. Richards lieutenant in 1929, lieutenant in Brisbane, and, on going to the , he was awarded "maximum time." United Kingdom, he served for a I He bccame a midshipman on Surgeon Captain (D) John Ellis 1931, licutenant-commandcr in WILHELMSEN LINES, OSLO Richards, O.B.E.. L.D.S., B.D.S., 1939, and commander in June, short time in H.M.S. Conqueror, M.y I, 1931, sub-lieutonant in January, 1934, Lieutenant in 1935, G.G.H.D.S. has been transferred 1946. then in H.M. Ships WaIpole and : ai. I lieutenant-commander in 1943. AUSTRALIA-WEST PACIFIC LINE, HELSINBORG to thc Retired List after 30 years' He specialised in signals, or, Hood. service in thc Royal Australian as it is now termed, communica- During the 1920's he served in | His first ship was H.M.A.S. Aus- . iMia. In August 1932 he joined AMERICAN PIONEER LINE, NEW YORK Navy. tions. His first ship was H.M.A.S. destroyers and in 1933 was in Adelaide in January, 1926, and on command of H.M.A.S. Tattoo. i H M.S. London, after which he did Surgeon Captain Richards was a i 111 • CO SCANDINAVIAN AIRLINES SYSTEM, STOCKHOLM going to the United Kingdom in At the outbreak of war in 1939, courses, returning to Australia graduate in Dental Science of the » the end of 1934. University of Melbourne. He was the second half of that year, was he was appointed to commanmand L THS M«y, ItSS. U NAVY I 17 pointed to H.M.A.S. Canberra, FIVE THOUSAND AIRCRAFT DELIVERED Fiction and from her in July, 1941, to H.M.A.S. Hobart, in which he Since World War II ended in craft to introduce transonic flight served until August, 1943. 1945, one British enterprise alone to British naval aviation. To give I FAREWELL TO DIGNITY full control at diving speeds above He was awarded the Palestine has delivered well over five thous- By J. H. Adams General Servicc Medal in 1941 and and aircraft from its various fac- the speed of sound, it has been was mentioned in despatches in tories at home and overseas. fitted with power-operated con- OBODY likes to be made to Doc was in one of his cantanker- it again in the hurly burly of his conncction with the Hobart con- This is the dc Havilland com- trols and an all-moving tail. These N look a fool (said Captain ous moods. daily work. I felt a cad. voys in the Java Seas. pany, which announces that its are also fully effective at the slow lleorge Mansley) and I'm no ex- "Give it away, Cap, give it Still—there was my dignity to After leaving the Hobart he was output of post-war )ct fighters speed necessary for landing on an ception. As commander of the aw»y! You can't trick all the Press consider. for some months in the Moreton, runs into thousands. Nearly airfield carricr. The 110 has al- liner Mirrool I'm always anxious to all the time. Anyhow, what's Peter seemed perfectly relaxed. then the Penguin until November. twenty Commonwealth, allied and ready made a number of touch- preserve my dignity. worrying you is the fear that I must say he showed none of the downs on a carrier's deck, in the 1944, when he was appointed first friendly air forces arc equipped Sometimes this becomes difficult. they'll make you look an old goat signs of a keen journalist on the autumn of 1954, and arrested —and they'll only be telling the to the Lanl^a and then in command with these fighters, as well as the It was the case on this voyage trail of news. Fleeting time meant of H.M.A.S. Geraldton as Senior R.A.F. and Royal Navy. Many carrier landings will follow later truth." nothing to him. this year. irom London. The young English Officer of the 22 nd Mine Sweeping more dc Havilland jet fightets It wasn't any use getting annoy- Doc suggested breakfast. Peter As its primary responsibility in -towaway Billington was the cause Flotilla. have been built abroad under I the trouble. ed with him. He was right. More- thought that it was a good idea. At the end of the war he was licence, together with the engines service with the Royal Navy will over, I wanted his co-operatio.i and Wc adjourned and ate leisurely. Commanding Officer of H.M.A.S. which power them. be the destruction of enemy Smart fellow, Billington, if he told him so. We were the last to leave the bombers at high altitudes, the 110 didn't have that strange kink in He frowned so long into his ^uic^match. Dc Havilland has received an saloon. is designed to fight at well over his make-up that prevented him empty whisky glass that I had to The morning was well advanced order for the construction of a 50.000 feet, and it will carry Irom settling down to an honest renew his inspiration. new type of all-weather fighter for when I bade him good-bye. I told "This is a time that demands guided missiles as well as its nor- lob. A regular rolling stone, with "Our biggest menace will be him wc had had a quiet voyage service with the Royal Navy. The strong minds, great hearts, true mal armament of 30 millimetre more tricks than a game of bridge. Peter Blake of the Evening Globe," with no important personalities faith and willing hands."—Major- new plane is the D.H 110. which cannon. Power is derived from I first met him at my table in I said. aboard. General F. Kingslcy Norris. is the fastest and most powerful two Rolls-Royce Avon engines of ihe dining saloon. Doc nodded. 'Friendly chap, Doc strolled down to the wharf fighter ever to go into production the latest mark, which are situated He had an assumed name and Peter." gate with him and saw him start "Anger makes dull men witty, for use from British aircraft car- dose together so that if the plane was posing with complete success "I agree I always like to meet up the road towards the city. but it keeps them poor."—Francis riers. is damaged in battle adequate con- as an English gentleman. him. But I won't to-morrow." Doc came back to mc gleefully The D.H. 10 will be the first air- Bacon. trol remains with only one engine The mechanics of his subterfuge "You'd better see him—quick rubbing his hands. operating. were really quite simple. There smart," Doc rose. "Leave it to me." "Complete success. Cap.! Peter happened to be a vacant chair at Peter Blake was the Evening left without a clue." The Albert Medal my table. Billington took it. The Globe's shipping reporter, and as "I feel badly about it, Doc. It Continued from ptg* 25. thief steward and head waiter soon as the Mirrool turned in to- was a low trick to play on the lad. EZD A of the mast and lowered him to the thought that he was a friend of ward the wharf I saw him waiting The stowaway is legitimate news." ground. mine. I was under the impression to come aboard. I felt a little I changed out of my uniform ZINC BASE DIE CASTING ALLOY All three of them were well that they knew all about him. sorry for him. I had gone out of just before lunch, hailed a taxicab aware of the insecure state of the Inevitably wc caught up with my way always to put him on to and went up to the city. lnm, but by then he was in Aus- news. It was too bad this time. The mid-day editions were just conforming in composition with mast, which had one of its supports fractured and was bent over to tralia. The immigration authorities I'd have to deceive him. coming on the streets. The Globe's British Standard Specification 1004 an angle above where the seaplane li id something on him—a sensa- As soon as the gangway was in poster read: "Amazing Stowaway was wedged. For all they knew the t: >nal criminal record. They re- position, Doc Ramsay grabbed Dupe's Captain." I bought a produced by mast or seaplane might have col- l ised to allow him to land, and I Peter. He led him by the arm paper hastily, and there it was— lapsed at any moment. All three v ould have to take him back in the along the alleyways, up the com- a double-column article on the men were awarded the Albert Mirrool. panionways and to my room. I was front page. I went to our city ELECTROLYTIC ZINC COMPANY Medal in Gold. That was bad enough. What I there to greet him in state. office. Peter was sitting with the The records of this notable dis- !• ared most was the publicity. "Hullo, Peter," I said, somewhat local manager, smoking a cigarette. OF AUSTRALIA LIMITED tinction instituted by Queen Vic- f Ithough Billington was aboard effusively, stepping forward and "It didn't work, Cap," he said, u ider lock and key as a prohibited 360 COLLINS STREET, MELBOURNE, toria 88 years ago provide some pumping his arm. grinning. magnificent stories of heroism " imigrant, he could be quite read- I pushed him into an easy chair I tried to look unconcerned, which cannot be read without pride , s' le news in any newspaper. and handed him the box of is used in the production of even dignified, but Peter went on, and a stirring of the heart. For I We were running up the coast cigarettes. Doc and I settled down "You put on too good a reception." high quality die castings the most part they were the deeds t Sydney on the last leg of the to have a good chin-wag with him. "But you left the ship without of simple men and women living in '• yage when I summoned my old I glanced at the clock from time a clue—" by members of obscurity who in moments of peril, | s rgeon, Dr. Ramsay, up to my to time. The passengers were "Not without a clue. Psy* with none of the exciting urge of r om for consultation. going off. Every quarter of an chology. Cap! You and the Doc battle, rose to the occasion and be- "So far our luck's held. Doc.," I hour was making the job more fussed around me so much that I THE ZINC ALLOY DIE CASTERS' ASSOCIATION haved with sublime and selfless ' marked. "No reporter's picked difficult for Peter, and I knew 1 knew you were trying to hide OF AUSTRALIA. bravery. p the story, but Sydney in the that if he left the ship without the something. So I doubled back on --From the London "Navy." morning will be dangerous." story he might never catch up with you and caught up with the news." 2* THt NAVYiI M.y, ltd. 'Ji Admiral King looked to Lord For Soa Cadbto St. Vincent as his pattern. There seems indeed much resemblance in their characters, as there was THE SPEED TRIALS in the problems each faced in his I day and so successfully dealt with. By Bernard J. Fanner He presents his story as a record "of how the United States and "Fleet Admiral King." By Ernest must be: the knowledge and HE TRIALS OF a vessel are two more, C and D; D again being Queen Elizabeth was timed for a energy and reputation, perhaps the British Commonwealth ac- the conclusion of many months a mile in depth behind C. J. King and Walter Muir complished together what neither T pre-arranged engine output of above all the great strength of of work which began with the The procedure is this. Observers Whitehill. (Eyre flc Spottis- of them could have singly." 175,000 h.p.; and her best speed woode, London). character and constitution. The iaying of the keel; and even in with stop-watches are stationed at was 30 knots. J.H.O. (m the London these days of highly scientific ship- hook shows how his previous three of four points in the ship. The timing takes considerable This very interesting book has "Jiavy") building, with extensive use of varied service and inquiring mind As she approaches the measured skill. With a vessel capable of been written by the Director of models and the testing-tank, trials helped to fit him for his great "The British Submarine." By mile they get ready; and at the pre- about 12 knots it is easy to judge the Boston Athenaeum, one of are not perfunctory affairs. No one task (for one thing, he qualified Commander F. W. Lipscomb, cise moment when they see posts when the marking posts come into the Admiral's war-time staff offi- can say for certain "what she will as an aircraft pilot at the age of O.B.E. (A. and C. Black, A and B come into line they click line—you seem to have "all day" cers, in close collaboration with do." 48 in 1927) and then shows him London). their stop-watches for the start. to do it—but when the speed ap- the Admiral himself. The English at work upon it. One more book has been added Trials arc usually divided into Then over the distance the ship proaches 30 it becomes very diffi- edition summarises King's early There is naturally, in a book so steams until, when C and D come service in a prologue, the full to the many that tell the story of three groups; Continued Steaming cult. Hence several observers are written, a vivid picture of the submarines, this time written by Trials which give fuel consumption into exact line, she reaches the needed to ensure an accurate result. story beginning with his com- Admiral's character and ways of finish; and her speed is then cal- Commander F. Lipscomb, who over a considerable distance. Turn- As a matter of interest it may mand of an aircraft carrier in thought besides the story of the culated. She turns and makes an- was himself a submarine officer. ing Trials which show how a vessel he said that a vessel's contract 1930, when over 50 years old; work he did, the miles he trav- other run in the opposite direction, That the story was worth telling will answer her helm, both ahead speed—the speed required before thereafter his career is told in de- elled, and his relations with states- thus nullifying the effects of wind again should be at once apparent md astern; and Speed Trials. It the owners will accept her — is tail up to his retirement at the men and officers of his own and and tide. A mean will give her to all who read this book. is the last which capture the popu- usually a knot and a half above her end of 1945. the allied nations during the war. speed for a pair of runs; and with Commander Lipscomb has set lar imagination. "ITiey take place service speed; and many vessels There are several quotations from four observers we shall thus get When the United States en- set out to describe the submarine >ver a measured mile; and there may never again attain the speed his letters and memoranda that four figures. A mean of these is tered the war. King had been Branch of the Navy in its en- ire many of these "speed miles" they do over the measured mile, help to paint the picture, includ- then taken. Commander-in-Chief, the Atlan- tirety, not only from the opera- in various parts of the world. except perhaps once or twice in ing his guiding principles: to trust A ship usually makes three pairs tic Fleet, for neary a year, and tional, but also from the material, their lives if they answer an S.O.S. subordinates and "We must all Large French ships run their of runs; and at the conclusion of thus was concerned in the period angle. He has traced the growth From the "Sea Cadet." of patrols and convoys before do all that we can with what we of the British submarine from the ;>eed trials off Brest; American the trials a mean of all the means the war—what the book calls un- have." There is a clear all-round first Holland boat to the sub- naval vessels off capes at the en- is taken; and this gives her speed declared war. On the outbreak of aocount of the policy, the opera- marines of to-day, and he explains trance to Delaware Bay; there is in nautical miles per hour, over "All things are possible to him actual war he became Com- tions, and the means by which very lucidly how the modern sub- t ie old Skelmorlie Mile in the the measured miles, i.e. in that believeth."—St. Mark, 9:23. mander-in-Chief, the United the American fleet was built up marine works. He also describes birth of Clyde—the first Maure- knots. In the case of the Queen "Wisdom is more precious than States Fleet, and soon afterwards and enabled to carry out its great in considerable detail the opera- i. nia ran her speed trials there— Mary the figure was 32.84. The rubies."—Proverbs, 3:15. Chief of Naval Operations achievements. And in all this, not tions of the submarines during i id the measured mi'.e in present (roughly as our Chief of the the least interesting feature for the first and second world wars. ii -c off the Isle of Arran, where British readers is the light thrown Naval Staff); and he held these A few errors have made their t' e Queen Mary and Queen Eliza- two most exacting and onerous on differences in organisation, bcth ran their trials; in the case of systems of promotion, and so on, way into the text. The signal appointments together until the ordering Convoy P.Q.I7 to scat- tiie latter post-war trials, for in STOREY & KEERS end of the war. This in itself between the American and Brit- I '40 she went straight into war ish navies. ter war made by the Admiralty, shows the sort of man he is and not by the Admiral (Sir John s. rvice. 2-10 SHELLY STREET, SYDNEY Tovey); it was not the 9th, but The most desirable feature of a the 8th Army which fought at . s| ced mile is deep water to within • Alamein. These are slips which , a few hundred yards of the shore. For Your Naral, Civilian • should have been picked up in S' iallow water causes a drag, and a MARINE Si GENERAL BOILERMAKERS • 1 Tailoring & Mercery V- the proof-reading, but on the bi:j vessel, trying to pull the bottom AND ENGINEERS. Requirements ^^^O*' whole the book is remarkably al >ng with her, will never reveal accurate throughout. And its i h. r true form. Speed trials arc a All Classes of Ship Repairs. reading brings before us once combination of observation and • again the magnificent story of stop-watch timing. On the shore the submarine branch of the •ii • set up four posts; actually they 'Phones: Navy, a story fine enough to a e tall steel towers. The first two, Head Office: Shipyard: Woodwork Sectaou: BU 2347 thrill and to inspire all whose in- A and B, one a mile behind the SHELLEY STREET. LOUISA ROAD. LOUISA ROAD, ©v terest lies in naval affairs. other, form the starting point. SYDNEY. BALMAIN BALMAIN BU 6257 Then at the exact distance of a BX 1924 WB 2151 WB 1066 P.K.K. fin the London BX 1925 WB 2166 WB 2621 "Navy) n utical mile along the shore are

THi NAVY i M-Hi '-VIm' For Sen Cadets The "Port Sydney" Posted on H.M.S. "Victory" Continued from p»g* 7. By V. Payze Blair has an output of 300 kw. 220 volts d.c. when running at about 410 "KEMBLA" EARLY a quarter of a million Requests should be sent to: N visitors go over H.M.S. Lieutenant H. A. Southcott, R.N.. r.p.m. For cooling the cylinders Victory every year where she lies The Commanding Officer, H.M.S. and pistons two double-duty two- in dry dock at Portsmouth, to see Victory (ship), Portsmouth. stage Drysdalc Centrex pumps are COPPER, BRASS AND fitted, and for cooling the fuel for themselves what is probably the In 1951. thousands of overseas most famous warship in the world. valves there are two centrifugal OTHER NON-FERROUS visitors made the journey to Ports- pumps of the same make. Launched at Chatham in May, mouth to see this gracious old WIRE CABLES & TUBES 1765, commissioned in 1767, she vessel with the beautiful figure- Two 400-ton Scrck cylinder has remained in commission ever head. What a wealth of history water coolers and two 200-ton since and. during the past 40 years, is conjured up by gazing aloft to Serck piston water coolers are in- she has been gradually restored to the very spot where the famous stalled. as well as two oil coolers of METAL MANUFACTURES LTD. her original condition. signal "ENGLAND EXPECTS" these makers' type. Each of the PORT KEMBLA. N.S.W. Not everyone knows that there was run up at mid-day, October latter is capable of dealing with is a special post-box aboard in the 21, 1805, when, with Nelson's 135 tons of lubricating oil per SELLING AGENTS form of an old rum-tub and flag aflying, she led the British hour. ( (with Distributor* in ,11 Sr.tr,) visitors* mails posted in it get an ships which destroyed the French An automatic self-priming TUBES «.- BRASS WIRE WIRE & CABLES unusual postmark. A dozen differ- fleet. ent postcards of the ship are on pumping unit on the Drysdalc KNOX SCHLAPP PTY. LTD. BRITISH INSULATED sale aboard at 6d. each for raising The spirit of Nelson is bound up pneupress system is installed for CALLENDER'S CABLES money for a "Save the Victory" in this old "wooden wall of Eng- the fresh water and sanitary sys- Collins House, Melbourne LTD. land" -from the time he joined his fund, and any that are written, tem. The salt water cooling pump k- l. „ c . 84 WUIiam St- Melbourne stamped and posted in this mail first ship as a timid boy until he is of Drysdalc centrifugal type and Kembla Building, Sydney 44 Margaret St.. Sydney. achieved his first command of the circulates all distilled water coolers, box bear the cachet "Posted on -.. "i w- .' ' •' board H.M.S. Victory' and the brig Badger to eventually fall mor- oil coolers, auxiliary condenser and '.sjsjacf.ista. y ".'.'Jw"" „"•/",'''-i ship's stamped outline. tally wounded from a sniper's bul- starting air compressors. The top let after the victory of the Battle The Commanding Officer re- guide circulating, ballast, bilge and of Trafalgar. A plate now marks ceives many requests from the general service and fire pumps are the spot where he fell and reading United Kingdom and all parts of also of Drysdalc make. G. and J. its inscription one senses all the the world for these cards and he Weir, Limited, supplied a vertical Always ask for . . . tradition of Britain which has will have one posted to any address 30-ton oil fuel transfer pump, two seeped into the timbers of the Vic on receipt of a written request starting air compressors and two the beers that tory down the corridors of time. giving full name and postal address boiler feed pumps. From the "Sea Cadet" and enclosing a 6d. postal order The boiler installation comprises SHELLEY'S have won World with postage stamp equivalent to two Cochrane vertical units of the current rate to the destination composite-fired (oil and exhaust- FAMOUS DRINKS desired. If more than one card is "Reputation is what men and gas) type. The oil burning equip- approval are... required, the value of the women think of us. Character is ment is of the Wallsend patent low enclosures must be increased what God and angels know of us." pressure type with steam and elec- Obtainable from leading accordingly. —Tom Paine. tric heaters. The fuel oil cleansing system consists of five Sharpies shops and saloons. MELBOURNE BITTER centrifuge machines, each of two tons per hour capacity, for the VICTORIA BITTER JAMES McKEOWN, SONS PTY. LTD. separation and clarification of heavy grade fuel, while a centri- SHELLEY & SONS MANUFACTURERS OF THE FAMOUS fuge for dieael oil and one for CORDIAL FACTORY FOSTER S LA6ER lubricating oil are also fitted. PTY. LTD. Dally "iff" Football Boots A Victor oily water separator is ABBOTS LA6ER installed. Ventilation of the mach- MURRAY STREET. inery spaccs is assisted by Axia AND fans. The funnel casing, of eliptical MARRICKVH I.E. Good beer , 'u- / shape, houses the exhaust pipes and N.S.W. wifjtif tcf Don Bradman Cricket Boots silencers from the main and aux- iliary engines and the donkey boiler 'Phone: LA 5461. ti good for you flues. CARLTON AND UNtriD MI»ltlM LIMITtO 32 THE NAVY rpilK Mroken Hill I'ropriclarx Co. I.lil. 1 lias xacancivs in its -hip- for suitable ho x> to train a» thr *fxtiml timlrr thv r%f ttf tin- %lii/i'» niiiifrr, Successful applicants will MTVI1 a four- Itrltm : Rrunlar ulutly that-* iti irfll-a/tfHtiiilftl ttiiarirr* art• a /ratlin- «»/ It.II.I'. maritir xear apprenticeship in tin* Companx - -hips, a/:prfiit:rf%hi /»». and will lie trained to the standard of thc British Ministrx of Transport - examination for Second Mate's Certificate. No premium is required I>\ the (lompans. and lodfiin;!. sustenance. .ncdical and -11 ri»i- cal attention are prov ided. Males of pax are available on application.

For further information, nftply to: THE BROKEN HILL PROPRIETARY CO. LTD.

P.O. Box 86a, Melbourne . . . . MU 8001

B.H.P. Marine Apprenticeships

ItuilJiiii: I'lihlfliini: < - nip.rn |'n t.ij . I..,lm. Sir..i. SyJiuy.

CONTENTS

Vol. IB. JUNE. 1955 No. 6. (XPERT i CLEANING AND -=.- EDITORIAL: M.V. "DUNTROON"— 10.500 I.e. PRESSING — A Crisis in Nevel Manpower 4 MELBOURNE STEAMSHIP ARTICLES: CO. LTD.

Building e New Nevy 7 Heed Office: 31 KING ST., MELBOURNE Review of U.K. Shipping ...... 12 BRANCHES OR AGENCIES Stete of R.N. Fleet Air Arm ii Ceuting Anxiety . . 16 AT ALL PORTS MANAGING AGENTS FOR Navy — and A-Bomb 18 HOBSONS BAY DOCK AND The Suex Cenel 23 ENGINEERING CO. PTY. LTD. Worke: Williemstown, Victoria Territoriel Waters Dispute 24 HODGB ENGINEERING CO. I RVICE PTY. LTD. FEATURES: Worke: Sueecx St., Sydney, 1 Tour clothos will .cta.n t^.. on?' * ""P" News of the World's Neviei . 14 and and neatness if ,o, are cer.lu. •» Y°<» COCKBURN ENGINEERING choic, ol a Cleaning .nd Press,ng sor»,ce. Meritime News of the World 21 PTY. LTD. Grace Bros. emoloy only fuly qualiHed and Personalities 26 Worke: Hi nee Rd., Fremantle. arperienced MEN TAILORS' PRESSERS and SHIP REPAIRERS. ETC. all garments are HAND PRESSED. Booh Reviews 30 For See Cedets 31 •Phone: BWtt. Orders Called For and Delivered.

FICTION:

Detective Dilkins THE UNITED SHIP SERVICES Published by The Nevy Leegue of Australia, B3 Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S.W. PTY. LTD. Telephone BU 1771. Official Organ of the Nevy Leegue of Austrelie; the Merchent Service Guild of Austrelesie: the Ex-Nevel Men's Associetion (Federel).

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Copies of "Hereld" photographs used mey be obteined direct from Photo Seles, Sydney Morning Hereld. Hunter Street, Sydney.

When ships of the Navy "heave to" this rap* hold* fat*!

ALL GLASSES OF SHIP REPAIRS AND FITTINGS UNDERTAKEN CAPSTAN 88-102 NORMANBY RD.. STH. MELBOURNE, VIC. ANCHOR BRAND tlty'rt llnlU hctttr Telephones: MX 5231 (6 lines). June, 1955 L NOW OPEN

Planning to paint then use... THE NAVY LEAGUE No. 1 - £1. 1955 OF AUSTRALIA. MELBOURNE CUP CONSULTATION PATRON: THE OLD SWEEP COi Hit Excellency The Governor-General. FEDERAL COUNCIL. WITH THE NEW PRIZE SCHEDULE. President: Comdr. (S) J. D. Bates, V.R.D., One-coat KEM-COTE ii on R A.N.V.R. First Prize, £60,000. Deputy President: Comdr. R. A. Nettle/old, entirely new-type peint for D.b.C.. K.D.. R.A.N.R. welll, ceilings end woodwork. Secretary: R. Neil Walford. Esq.. 312 c «, 200,000 Tickets at £1 Each. It Set been deiigned to moke riindera. St., Melbourne, C.l. Cf pointing FASTER end EASIER Hon. Treasurer: R. Neil Walford. Esq. °#CE fcO*®* (Postage Extra) then ever before. KEM-COTE gives e perfect finish in just New South Wales Division: ONE coot over precticelly ell Patron: His Ex*cllrncy The Governor of V — South Wales. "Tattersall" Sweep Consultation surfoces . . . even foded well President: Comdr. W. L. Reilly, R.A.N. (Rctd.). ENAMEL Secretary: R. I. Rae. Esq.. 8) Pitt Street. BU 1771. C/- GEO. ADAMS Hon. Treasurer- F. E. TrigR. Esq. • SEE the 21 glorious colours dis- for interior walls and ceilings 244 FLINDERS STREET, MELBOURNE. played on the novel KEM-COTE »«-:•>•;:: - aeeaeseaRy'SESSSMB Victorian Division: colour wheel. Patron: His Excellency The Governor of Vr'nria. President: Comdr. R. A. Nettlefold, D.S.C.. Secretary: R. Neil Waliord. Esq.. J12 GROUP PRODUCT Hinders. St.. Melbourne. C.l. Wilh. WILHELMSEN AGENCY KEM-COTEIS A 1 Hon. Treasurer: M. A. Glover. Esq. South Australian Division: PTY. LTD. Patron: His Excellency The Governor of S -h A-tralia SYDNEY Be MELBOURNE President: Lieut.-Comdr. C. C. Shinkfield. R » R ' rrfd « Hon. Sec.: Lieul.-Comdr. (S) L. T. Ewena. R.A.N.V.R., 12 Pirie Street, Adelaide. ! '.ismanian Division: Representative for: NAVY LEAGUE Patron: Vice-Admiral S'ir Guy Wyatt. JOIN THE K.R E . C.B.. R.N. (rctd ). President: C. H Hand. Esq.. M.H.A Hon. Sec.: Comdr. G. E. W. W. Bayly. WILHELMSEN LINES. OSLO O.B.E.. V.R.D.. R. A.N.V.R. (rctd.). 726 Sanoy Bay Rd.. Lower S'andy Bay, Hobart. AUSTRALIA-WEST PACIFIC LINE, HELSINBORG

Western Australian Division: The object of the Navy League in Australia, like its older counterpart, the Navy League in Britain, Patron: His Excellency The Governor of AMERICAN PIONEER LINE, NEW YORK Western Australia. is to insist by all means at its disposal upon the vital importance of Sea Power to the British Common- President: Hon. Sir Frank Gibson. K.C.M.G. Hon. Sec.i K. Olson. Esq., 62 Blencowe SCANDINAVIAN AIRLINES SYSTEM, STOCKHOLM wealth of Nations. The League also sponsors the Australian Sea Cadet Corps to interest the right type St.. West Leedcrvlle. W.A. of lads in the Royal Australian Navy - either to start them upon a career or to provide a healthy Queensland Division: pleasurable means of qualifying them to be of scrvicc in the Senior Service in the event of emergency. Patron: His Exccllency The Governor of Queensland. The League consists of Fellows (Annual or Life) and Associates. President: Comdr. N. S. Pixlcy, M.B.E.. V.R.D.. R.A.N.R. (rctd.). Ryan House. COM PLETI-: R EFINEMEN1 All British subjects who signify approval to the objects of the League are eligible. Eagle Street. Brisbane. Hon. Sec.: Lieut.-Comdr. O. C. McDonald. MAY WE ASK YOU TO JOIN R.A.N.V.R. (rctd ). Box M41T, G.P.O.. Brisbane. and swell our members so that the Navy League in Australia may be widely known and cxcrcisc an important influence in the life of the Australian Nation? AUSTRALIAN SEA CADET COUNCIL. For Particulars:— Representatives ol the Naval Board: Director of Nival R<-»eivrs. Capt. A S. NAVY LEAGUE, R , n C O R A V < Chairman >. Comdr. P. R. lamea. R.A.N. Secretary: 312 Filndcrs Street, Melbourne, C.I., Victoria. Representatives of The Navy League: Sccrctary: 83 Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S.W. Comdr. R. A. Nettlefold. D.S.C., V.R.D . R A.N.V.R. Manufactured by Geo. Klnmor A Sons Pty. Ltd. Hon. Secretary: 12 Pirie Street, Adelaide, South Australia. L. G P.-arson. Esq ; L. Forsythe. Esq.; Lie.it (S» P r, Fvtna. R.A.N V R Dmiion of Klnnear's Ropes (Aint.) Limited Hon. Secretary: Box 144IT, G.P.O., Brisbane, Queensland. Hon. Secretary: R Neil Walford. Hon. Secretary: 62 GICIKOWC Street, West Lccderville, W.A.

THE NAVY une. 1955 3 "To replace these losses, we have only two sources; first to call thc Reserves to activc duty — •bviously impractical in peace time. Second, to ORIENT LINE Serves 5 Continent! nlist and train new recruits. We arc meeting ncreasing difficulty in doing the latter despite vigorous and increased efforts. To compensate for hose leaving the service this year, wc will require total of 145,000 new recruits, or about 12,000 very month. The quota for September was 12,500, nd we failed to meet it by 1,700. Thc quota for Vtobcr was again 12,500 and we failed to meet hat by 4,000. Some of this fall-off is seasonal, but : indicated our increased difficulty of replacing our

ISSCS." Discussing the reasons why America was finding • difficult to induce young men to take up a career i the Navy. Mr. Thomas said: "In thc first place, military service is not efficiently attractive, not only in thc material sense, but in the sense of duty to country. Presently, :lie personal advantages of civilian life so outweigh •hose of present day military service that fewer and ewer men care to make the sacrifice. Furthermore, t'lc material inducements which await him as a vilian veteran—education, veteran's benefits — xcccd the material attractions of making thc Navy carcer. When you ask a man to make a carccr t thc service to-day, you are asking him to spend large share of his life away from home and imily, and not always in thc most desirable spots JUNE. 1955 • No. 6 entering the age of thc guided weapons ship, thc the world. high-speed submarine of almost limitless range, thc A CRISIS IN NAVAL MANPOWER powerful carrier with its supersonic aircraft, and The family angle is increasingly important, for the complex weapons and equipment which go with ' ore and more of our men are married, and they The Royal Australian Navy is short of men. Thc them. •ire getting married younger all the time. A naval problem is not just numerical weakness. It is a Thc Navy's need for technically trained men will rccr these days means many long periods at sea persistent drift of highly trained and experienced increase; at present, thc Navy cannot afford to lose intense work maintaining thc readiness of our even one skilled man. It needs a reservoir of ' cts. It means a change of duty station at least men out of thc Service. cry two years with thc consequent turmoil of Thc important question is: why are these trained technicians to meet thc inevitably heavy requirements of thc future. •ving family and household possessions. It means "career" men not re-engaging? It needs search- v pay. ing investigation. Probably most of them would The manpower problem is not confined to thc stay at sea if they considered themselves only. Royal Australian Navy. Similar situations exist, in "In the second place, more people arc not making Thc answer may well lie in the human and very even more acute forms, in thc British and American • Navy a career because of the apathy of thc powerful influence exerted by wives and families Navies. r blic to the value and need of the carccr man to to achieve a fuller home life—with an eye on the The U.S. Navy, for example, estimates that it will country." plentiful opportunities now existing in civilian em- lose 60 per ccnt of its present total strength in the Thc Royal Navy's view on the manpower prob- ployment. next two years. Many of thc men it will lose will be 1 n was reflected in an article, recently published, It should be a matter of great national conccnr key men. including technicians, petty officers, super- H Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Hughes Hallctt, that this drift from thc Navy is occurring. These visors, and other specialists. K C.E.. C.B.E. He said: "It is patently obvious that career sailors arc thc back-bone of thc Fleet, and Thc Secretary for the U.S. Navy. Mr. Charles S. j jreat many ratings shortly after Retting married they arc hard to replace. Even if their evident Thomas, spoke very frankly about this problem in a vclop an urge to get 'outside.' Therefore, thc disinclination to continue in the Service was a recent address to thc Navy League of thc U.S.A. He Naw must be maHe more attractive to thc married passing phase it would be a cause for worry. But compared thc U.S. Navy's manpower dilemma with r in. who is nearly always a trained and experienced there is very reason to fear that the numbers of that of a major civilian industry. ' in. so as to cncouragc thc increasingly large our carcer Navy men will continue to diminish, He said: "Visualise the effect on — say — ambers who at present do not rc-cngage, and and that in a few years' time we may be faced Detroit's automobile industry if it were faced with lose services can ill be spared, to decide otherwise. with a manpower crisis of an alarming nature. thc prospect of a 60 per cent turnover of its The need to make conditions more attractive to ORIENT LINE personnel in only two years — many of them key married man is well appreciated, as can be Of particular anxiety is the loss of skilled, ORIENT STEAM NAVIGATION CO LTD personnel and potential supervisors for future years. en by the various innovations of the last few technical men. Science has brought about dramatic INCORPORATED IN ENGLAND changes in Naval warfare in recent years. We are This is the problem thc Navy faces to-day. vars aimed at reducing the period of separation

THE NAVY 4 Jun«. 1955 Navy, the Americans are gomg to tackk tks between a man and his family. But this is only problem without regard to cost. Wc " Australia BUILDING A NEW NAVY part of the story. When united with his family his Should heed the advice which is implicit in Mr service life is, in 99 cases out of 100, a thing apart Thomas's forthright statement. By Donald Barry from his family life and the real requirement is to fuse these two into one. Wc want to hear the wives saying how proud and contented they are to pVER SINCE Hiroshima was deny the seas to the enemy and public reaction to shortcomings be- devastated by an atomic ensure that food and raw materials hind the cloak of security? be naval wives." 'The i\avy9 homb, amateur critics in all walks continue to reach the United King- As he contemplates the Fleet of Reasons for the Naval manpower shortage in of life have challenged the use- dom from overseas. the future, the layman must aski England may not apply in the United States, and fulness of conventional military The Government's White Paper these questions, for the taxpayer reasons which apply in the United States may not is Your Guide ideas and armaments. is, however, much more than a can only feel confident in the man- apply in Australia. But there appears to he a Each Servicc, in turn, has been restatement of the role of the ner in which the £340,500,000 common pattern in all three Navies: Naval life to Naval Affairs ritically analysed. Of the Navy Navy. It is a compelling document Naval vote is to be spent if the for the married sailor has too many disadvantages t icy have said: the battleship can indicating that the Board of Ad- questions can be satisfactorily for him to turn his back on the blandishments of no longer serve a warlike purpose. miralty judge the time ripe to give answered in official quarters. civil life. According to the U.S. Secretary for the 1 he aircraft carrier is obsolete and as much positive information on vulnerable. The cruiser has had its The information available to the Naval policy as security considera- taxpayer shows that a considerable day. Some have even questioned tions permit; and to give a glimpse the usefulness of the Navy itself, amount of thought and ingenuity of the Navy of the future: a Navy and a prodigious amount of re- or suggested its fusion with another which will, if necessary, be able Service. All the old conceptions search has gone into the production to launch the atom bomb and of a blueprint for the Navy of the of maritime power have been on guided missiles; fight local wars trial. thcrmo-nuclear age. The threat of without the weapons of mass de- the nuclear weapon has been con- For long—too long, in the opin- struction; or merely perform its tinually in the minds of the plan- ii n of many knowledgeable people traditional peacetime role of sup- ners: obviously there can be no the critics had it all their own porting British policy and ensuring escape in the event of a direct hit Ashore I way. No voice of authority was that her world-wide trade continues or near miss, but much has been State Electricity Commission. r.,iscd against them. The Royal unmolested. done to lessen the effects of shock Imperial Chemical Industries A.N.Z. Navy confidently went about its and radiation on the fringe of an Australian Gas Light Co. peacetime tasks, developing new While fully recognising the con- Australian Iron and Steel Ltd. sequences of nuclear warfare at sea, area of atomic attack. Stewerts and Lloyds. ideas and weapons. The Admiralty Thompsons (Castlemeine). w is as silent and unruffled as a the Navy is ready to meet the Ships have been streamlined to Department of Railways. smooth sea. The United Kingdom challenge and awaits new weapons ensure that their companies are Waterside Cold Stores. (' vcrnment made no pronounce- and equipment of the atomic age. under cover when at action stations. Streets Ice Cream. The one question which now has Nuffield (Aust.) Ltd. ment about the role and shape of Methods of washing ships to free Vacuum Oil Coy. th. Navy of the future. to be answered is: "When will them of radiation effects have been Then the First Lord of the the new Navy come to maturity?" adopted. Trials of tactical forma- A Imiralty broke the silence in The White Paper does not say tions giving wide dispersal are a feature of present-day Fleet exer- Afloat! p. -ically Naval fashion. He did so when. It gives a great deal of in- in the Explanatory White Paper formation, but in material aspects cises. Dispersal is probably the Cockatoo Docks and Engineering Co. r Hished with this year's Navy it is not so forthcoming. Although best form of defence, for it is be-i Adelaide Steam Ship Co. E-'imatcs. it speaks of "the Fleet of the licvcd that the employment of a James Petrick end Co. Pty. Ltd. nuclear weapon against a widely- This is the Navy's reply: an offi- future," no further building pro- Mcllwreith McEechern Ltd. spread and highly-defended target Huddert Perker Ltd. ti. declaration indicating what the gramme for very large warships is would not be conclusive and might P. and O. Steem Nevigetion Co. N vy and the Government think proposed; although it talks of be proved to be a wasteful means Depertment of the Nevy. th task and shape of the Navy of ordering a new type of ship--the City Line W. 6. Deucher and Co. Ltd. of attack. • A.U.S.N. Co. Ltd. ih future will be. It is an arresting guided weapon cruiser—it docs Newcastle end Hunter River J' umcnt which has impressed Par- not say when it will be completed. In considering the building pro- Steemship Co. Ltd. li.i ncnt and the British public and These facts pose two pertinent gramme the requirement is seen to AND HUNDREDS OF OTHERS. ha- challenged the Navy to new questions: (a) if the Navy is be twofold: first, a Fleet to meet en eavour. PHONE BW 2373 AND WE WILL SEND AN EXPERT ENGINEER TO * H.M.A.S. " Arunla " on he ready to build the Fleet of the the requirements of the immediate INSPECT AND ADVISE YOU ON YOUR INSULATING PROBLEMS. recent trials after the s leer The First Lord's declaration was future, has a case for new ships future (consisting of ships largely NOTHING IS TOO HOT OR TOO COLD FOR UNI-"VERSIL" TO INSULATE. pipes and boilers had bee nc.essary. The basic facts of sea and equipment been presented to as we know them today); and, WE ARE SPECIALISTS IN THERMAL INSULATION, AND OUR TECH- insu'ated by Un!-"Versil". P" ver had to be confirmed against Parliament in sufficiently forceful secondly, a Fleet with some entirely, NICIANS ARE EXPERIENCED IN WORKING WITH EVERY TYPE OF the background of the atomic and convincing manner? And (b) new types of ships for the more INSULATING MATERIAL b nb: that whether weapons be is the Admiralty, in fact, revealing distant future. As, however, the ci wentional or atomic. Britain can- all which it could do without pre- sccond requirement will come about UNI-'VERSIL" INSULATING COMPANY PTY. LTD ' long survive to fight a global senting secrets to enemy intelli- bv evolutionary development, it is HEAD OFFICE: 59 YORK STREET, SYDNEY — Phone BX279I. « r unless she and her allies can gence. or is it taking refuge from not possible to say into which Also at MELBOURNE, HOBART, ADELAIDE end PERTH. ne. 1955 THE N> 7 which are being completed for the From March 1946 to March cost was approximately £260 mil- categories specific types of ships 'loyal Australian and Royal Can- 1955 the following new ships lion. \ idian Navies respectively. fall. joined the Navy: one fast battle- In the past four years five new It is around the aforementioned Since the war a sizeable and very ship. eight carriers, eight "Dar- front-line carriers have joined the lips that the striking forces of the expensive start has been made in ings." 25 destroyers, nine frigates, Fleet: the Eagle and Ark. Royal, nmcdiatc future are being built, the building of a new Fleet. Some IS submarines, five surveying ship*, unquestionably the most formidable he Navy's White Paper leaves its ot this work has merely been the one yacht 'hospital ship. 157 coastal units of the British Fleet, and three aders in no doubt on this point. completion of ships laid down dur- and inshore minesweepers, and a ot the "Hermes class ships — "The fleet carrier is the most ing the war. but all have been number of seaward defence and Centaur, Albion and Bulu-url^. The. >werful vessel the Navy has in finished with an eye on the atomic fast patrol boats; and their total Hermes, from which the class takes rvice," it says. "She is armed era. its name, is being completed. ith squadrons of aircraft which These new ships and a com- n defend our ships against sur- pletely modernised Victorious will .ce, air and submarine attack, STRENGTH OF THE ROYAL NAVY be the spearhead of the Navy's •stroy the enemy submarines and «The following tablt ih e.• ins basebu*cud on iniorinauuinformation conttine.H"tr, n theintimate.. . . . earner fleet, supported by the five rcraft at sea or at their bases, 19^-19*6. a,ndtheFirs t Lord of the Admiral,ty's E.lanalurv Statement.) wartime construction "Glory" class tack shore targets, and, in certain light fleet aircraft carriers: Glory. cas, support Army operations In Undrr Ocean. Theseus. Triumph and horc." •xicnckd Toh. Wlwn the aircraft carrier "Vengeance" wes about to leeve Sydney this month for Com- KM. Construc- Wamor, the last three of which In TOTAL tion in o«d*r*d the U.K.. Lieutenent-Commendor A. J. Gould inspected these old guns. captured TYPE nuilnnie 195V56 The Navy obviously has no time tion or th* U.K. were completed after hostilities by en eerlier "Vengeance."— Daily Teleqreph" photo comwuM against Japan had ended. This : -r those who say the present-day category ot ships will later be rrier is obsolete and vulnerable. 4 5(al Fast Battleships 1 I may be obsolescent, but in more 4(c) strengthened by H M.S. Vengejnce 8 7 15 when she is returned from the r less its present form it will con- launched with high precision guid- be allowed to go too far and that Carriers (+ld) <+:.b> Royal Australian Navy. The war- t IUC to be the spearhead of the ed weapons. And the day may a new generation of ships must join 24 5(e) 1 et for at least another gencra- dawn when the elusive and hard- the Fleet in time to replace the Cruisers 10 14 time veterans—illustrious. Implac- 1 not : >ti of ships. hitting qualities of the carrier present ones. Guided weapon ships 1(f) able. Indefatigable and Indomitable stated (a) —are to be retained in Reserve, One day, no doubt, aircraft of group capable of launching the In view of this statement the atomic bomb will be a more serious 1 2 5(h) — — but their future usefulness should : Fleet will take off vertically; cruiser programme, in particular, Fast Minelayers threat than a group of airfields. must continue to cause anxiety. At 7 I 8 ~~~ not be rated high. They arc all r itless aircraft or guided weapons Darings 2(i> more than 11 years old, pre :ll do work now performed by The defence of the aircraft car- the present time the Navy has nine 82(k) r inned aircraft; until then the air- rier, vigorously voiced in recent cruisers in the operational fleet— Destroyers 25 57 maturely aged by strenuous war 167(mi 26 8 activities, and outdated by the dc .: ift carrier as we know it to-day months by the First Lord, is wel- .Sheffield. Bermuda, Jamaica, Glas- Frigates 52 115 not v II remain. Critics unfairly comed in naval circles, but the gow. Gambia, Superb, Newfound- 45 14 57 2(n) vclopment of new devices and tech Submarines stated tuques for aircraft carriers. i" iluate it as a lone unit. The facts time is rapidly approaching when land. Birmingham, and Newcastle; news of a new carrier programme in addition there arc 14 in reserve 165 220(p) 101 (q) Originally it was hoped to | a: that when liable to heavy Minesweepers 55 would be more reassuring. At the and one, the Cumberland, engaged 72(r) 10 modernise several of these ships, J- lck it would never be unsup- Coastal Craft 50 42 in trials and training: a moderate 66(f) but only the Victorious was found r ted. It would be one unit in a present time Britain has the most Large landing vessels 8 58 er up supported by cruisers or modern carrier fleet in the world, force by pre-war standards. But it 7 1 still in a condition to make modern Surveying ships isation worth while. When she i.> r ded missile ships and their es- but against the huge American must not be overlooked that many 728 c "ts; the group receiving early carrier-building programme, which tasks formerly performed by cruis- Total Strength in Ships ol all Types completed with all the refinements of modern aircraft carrier design, v* rning on its radar screens, from includes the mammoth ships of the ers arc now performed by carrier * raft, or by asdic of the ap- "Forrestal" class, the British naval aircraft. (a) Really super cruisers. she will in every respect be in the (b) Ferry carriers. p: ach of the enemy and being building programme appears small. In estimating modern cruiser (c) Work on two suspended; and one being completed for Australia. category of the Ar\ Royal and Eagle . < able of violent opposition in the The Royal Navy has, however, potential Britain's five fast battle- (d) Being completed by Canada for the R.C.N. Not an Admiralty responsibility. ai on 'he surface and underwater. probably achieved greater techni- . The construction of the Hermes. ships must be taken into account. (e) "Tiger" class. cal developments since the war. These ships — Vanguard, Anscm, (0 "Girdlenesa." Being converted for testing missiles. fourth of her class of aircraft The belief that the carrier would K an easy target to find is also However, the most pressing im- Howe, Dul{e of fork. and King (h(R) Terme"Apollod " guideClassd . weapoSomen othecruisersr smalle. r ships are also fitted for minelaying. carriers, is well advanced—though her completion date has not been "t n put forward without proper mediate problem the Navy has to George V -are, in effect, super- (j) Called fleet escort ships. face is the building up of a strong cruisers with fire power equal to (k) "Battles." "Weapons" and earlier classes. announced—and when she comes ar rcciation of the facts. The (m) 27 of these are fast ones converted from destroyers. into service the present carrier M -icr is a floating "airfield" which force of ships to support the carrier that of three conventional cruisers. (n) Only submarines launched are recorded. These are two experimental types, programme for the Royal Navy hi the ability to move about the battle groups. There are disturbing Apart from their obvious value as (p) 65 of these are the large ocean type of minesweepers. The remainder are will be virtually completed. The ">•' ins. which cover at least two- gaps here, and plans to fill them bombardment platforms, they of the new coasul and inshore types, Js of the earth's surface, taking have not yet been marked by any should each be more than a match (q) Includes 7 for other N.A.T.O. countries hulls of two other carriers, the Hercules and Leviathan, are in ex- th fullest advantage of weather apparent stamp of urgency. for any one of the modern Russian (r) Fast Patrol Boats and Seaward Defence Craft. "Sverdlov" cruisers and they would (•) Tank Landing Ships and Tank Landing Craft. istence, but work in them was sus- -•' Jitions. Why should it be more At the Diamond Jubilee dinner als> be invaluable in any carrier FLEET SUPPORT pended in 1946 and they have since vi. nerablc to atomic attack than of the Navy League in January, the The table only shows what are called the "fighting ships." The fleet is been laid up. The only other car ar • land-based airfield? The im- First Lord admitted: "Much of our group's support forces. The battle- supported by some 550 seagoing auxiliary ships, including depot, ferry, supply, riers now in British yards are the f bile airfield might prove to be Fleet is ageing." He assured his ship has lost much of its former maintenance, repair, oil tankers, store, boom defence ships, and tugs. Majestic and the Bonaventure. vc-y vulnerable in any attack listeners that the process must not glory and been superseded in im- There are also some 90 self-propelled harbour service craft, apart from a considerable number of the smaller landing craft. THE NAVYt l Jure. 1955 J June 27 L and many more are also to be con- portance by the aircraft carrier, ships. Till then Britain must be forms as part of its armament. serve Fleet, where they are kept content with the completion of the It is, however, obvious that the verted. in an advanced state of readiness. but it still has a vital place in mari- At present there are a dozen new time forces. three "Tiger" class cruisers—Tiger, guided weapons cruiser must have Of submarines we have heard Bla^e and Defence—with modern, considerable ammunition stowage ! frigates launched and 14 on the little since the completion of the Also with carrier battle groups though conventional, armament, space and that, therefore, it will stocks. A further eight are to be "A" class in 1948. This is partly one might expect to find some of and with the modernisation of the not have the slim lines of most of irdered this year. The present due to a long-standing Admiralty the modern "Daring" class ships. wartime-built Royalist. This, the the existing fast-moving British frigate strength is 167, of which policy not to release any informa- There are eight now afloat, and Admiralty says, will help "to close warships. 52 are in full commission. The tion about submarines until they more are to be built. The state- the gap before guided weapons '.rends of modern warfare demand arc launched. All that is officially The primary need is for anti- hat there shall be specialised types ment in the White Paper that a ships come into service." aircraft guided missile cruisers. admitted is that the Navy is build- decision has been made to build •f frigates, and new ships are being ing modern submarines, some with The ultimate successor to the This sort of ship might well be of uilt to perform special functions: two fast fleet escorts embodying the size and general appearance of high underwater speed. But while all the latest developments of the conventional cruiser will therefore inti-submarine, anti-aircraft or air- thc United States Navy has been be the guided weapons cruiser. a conventional cruiser and it would, raft direction duties. destroyer field may mean that a of necessity, also have conventional exeprimcnting with a system of programme of super "Darings" is When this ship will make its Hand in hand with the building atomic propulsion in the Nautilus, debut is a matter for conjecture. armament for surface-to-surface being begun. action. The true guided weapons f this important category of ships, the Royal Navy has pinned its There is only the assurance that new equipment for the detection faith to vessels employing a new These ships arc capable of per- the Admiralty is ready to order cruiser incorporating missile arma- ment for all forms of offensive nd location of enemy vessels is system of high test peroxide in a forming many cruiser functions, such ships to replace the ageing i cing developed; equipment which closed cycle engine. The first sub- although they have never been cruiser fleet and the statement that action might well have a com- pletely new and formidable sil- will be suitable for use on the sur- marine employing this propulsive categorised as cruisers. The Ad- the experts believe this type of ship face, underwater, and by aircraft, system, the Explorer, was launched miralty have preferred to describe "will effect changes in certain types houette, but it would probably be a ship of up to 20,000 tans. including helicopters. in March 1954, and the second of them as "the finest escort vessels of Naval warfare comparable with the class, the Excalibur, went down The Navy believes that in an- in existence, powerfully armed and that brought about by the introduc- Of smaller ships, the number of the slipway at Messrs. Vickers- ther war, mining operations could capable of attacking heavy ships tion of the 'Dreadnought'." the Navy's new and converted anti- Armstrong. Barrow-in-Furness, in !' iiaries and port approaches sown Three 11.54 One 8.54 a considerable number of small But the progress made by the Navy One 12.54 v th mines by aircraft or sub- Whitby (A/S) .. 2.7.54 One 9.54 binding craft. since the war, which has been Four 1.55 it irincs. The former vessels cost Two 1.55 notable, should not be belittled. Torquay (A/S) . . 1.7.54 One 3.55 a proximately £500,000 each and This. then, is the Navy of the One 3.55 Proper deference should also be Grafton (A/S) .. 13.9.54 t! • latter approximately £250.000 present and the near future. It is paid to modern circumstances. Keppel (A/S) .. 31.8.54 Inshore Minesweepers Seaward Defence Boats e ch. More than 150 have already second only to that of the United Russia is reported to be building States of America. Those who be- Murray (A/S) .. 22.2.55 (11) (4) h en completed and another 100 a strong navy, which might be em- One 8.54 lieve in sea power in the thermo- Three 1.55 >-c under construction — a pro- ployed against us, but the Royal Pellew (A/S) .. 29.9.54 Two 10.54 u imme costing over £100,000,000. nuclear age impatiently await the One 3.55 Navy would from the outset of Russet (A/S) .. 10.12.54 One 12.54 Many of these craft go straight emergence of a Navy of new form and functions. There is possibly hostilities operate with the full ft >m the builders' yards to the Re- Ceetiwwd on p• f II 1955 ins THE NAVY J June 27 users of the port (such as shippers, importers and shipping companies) REVIEW OF U.K. SHIPPING \ and other bodies such as Govern- nent Departments and local uthorities. Examples are London This is the third and final article analyising the strength of the British (controlled by the Port of London merchant fleet and the composition of U.K. shipping organisations. Authority), Liverpool (Mersey • locks and Harbour Board), Bcl- HERE arc over 300 ports 111 the London and the Home Counties other Tyne ports serve the Indus ast (Belfast Harbour Commis- T United Kingdom. The ten with a population of some 11 i trial North East and comprise the loners) and Glasgow (Clyde largest arc shown 111 Table II million persons. most important coal-shipping and Navigation Trust). The Port of which lists them in order of ton- Liverpool, with Manchester, an largest ship-repairing centre in the I ondon Authority has 28 members. nage of shipping arriving and inland city made into a port by the country. Ten of the members are nominated departing and docs not relate to construction of the Manchester Hull, on the Humber estuary, s follows: by the Admiralty (1), the volume of cargo handled. Ship Canal — serves the industrial serves particularly the industrial t ie Ministry of Transport and centres of Yorkshire and the Mid Most ports, other than those Midlands, Lancashire and York- Civil Aviation (2), the London shire. Grain is prominent among lands. Middlesbrough imports iron ( ounty Council (4), the Corpora- owned by the British Transport ore lor, and exports iron and steel Commission, are represented on the the imports of Liverpool which, t in of the City of London (2), including Birkenhead on the oppo from, the local iron and steel and the Corporation of Trinity Dock and Harbour Authorities' industries. Association, formed in 1917 to site Kink of the Mersey, is the House (1). Eighteen of the mem- Rating, on H.M.A.S. Vengeence ,to» . litaboat bafora th. carriar laft Svdnay represent the common interests of second largest milling centre in the Swansea has the largest trade of b rs represent various port users: for th. U.K. on Jun. 16. About 1,000 offic.r, and m.n of th. R.A.N. sail.d in th. world. Tobacco is another major the group of ports serving South s: ipowncrs (8), merchants (8). V.ngunc*. Th.y wall bring back th. n.» R.A.N. carrier "M.lbourn." a.,I, port authorities in their relations n.xt y#if."~'Daily Telegraph" photo. with Government, shipowners and import and is stored in what is Wales. As well as coal, Swansea owners of river craft (1), and traders. probably the world's largest ware- exports the steel and tinplate public wharfingers (1). The house. Liverpool is also important manufactured in its immediate Authority's duties include the The Principal Ports: for trans-Atlantic passenger traffic neighbourhood, but its rapidly maintenance of adequate river Building a New alone by the number of "ships of and short sea-routes and coastwise increasing importance derives channels, the regulation of traffic, the line" which can be deployed. The Port of London, with 69 trading. Manchester's chief import largely from the oil which it Nary the provision and upkeep of moor- In advocating a strong Navy one miles of waterway and over 4.000 is raw cotton. imports and exports for local (Continued from page 11) it Us and the licensing of wharves must nowadays consider the whole acres of dock estate, handles more refineries. Southhampton, largest of the a. d structures in the area under structure of defence and the na- tonnage annually than any other Bristol and Avonmouth serve II control. support of the navies of other in the world except New York. Channel ports, is the chief port for N.A.T.O. nations, including the tion's ability to support large occan passenger traffic. It owes its the industrial Midlands as well as A few ports -— Bristol is the forces. As His Royal Highness the Goods of every imaginable kind, the highly industrialized city of United States Navy. In any event, from meat to marble, from ply- importance to its double tides and n st important example — are Britain could not alone control the Duke of Edinburgh said following easy access from London. A con- Bristol itself, and have also a large owned by the town or city council the recent combined Fleet exercises wood to perfume, pass through the coastal trade. seas, as she has done in the past. docks. Imports arc distributed all siderable volume of oil is now ai d controlled entirely by a com- The First Lord of the Admijalty in the Mediterranean: "If the Ser- over the United Kingdom, though handled for the refinery at Fawley. Glasgow, the principal Scottish n: ttec of the council. has himself declared: "No single vices are to fulfil their proper the port supplies primarily Greater Newcastle upon Tyne and the port, serves as an entrepot centre Finally, there are about 100 navy in the world can do so in functions at home and abroad in for the industrial area dependent p rts which arc privately owned. these modern times." this new age there must be a very on the Lanarkshire coalfields. V inchcstcr is the only major port To-day, too, navies are built to much higher degree of understand- Grangemouth, also in Scotland, TABLE II s owned -— by the Manchester perform specific tasks. Warships ing and co-operation between them. handles mainly crude oil for the S ip Canal Company — and here To make N.A.T.O. really effective, Port Arrivals and Departures,* 1953 are not so much the pawns in local refinery, and also imports th - Manchester City Council exer- power politics as they once were. national contributions must be Thousand tons net timK-r and paper-making materials ci 's considerable control by It is no longer possible to compare properly .national and not just so Total Belfast is the principal port of a; Minting 11 of the Company's 21 navies, ship for ship. The properly much from each Service." Port Foreign Trade Coasting Trade Northern Ireland and handles the d: cctors. supported aircraft carrier and her —(From the London "Navy") 66,773 main Irish sea traffic. London 45,068 21,705 rhe powers and responsibilities aircraft is now' the antagonist of 36,993 of the port authorities are, in the Naval College Liverpool 29.406 7,587 36.723 the raiding cruiser; the frigate, Ownership: m ill, set down in private Acts of graduations Southampton 28.854 7,869 16,526 destroyer and aircraft are the op- Tyne Ports 7.227 9,299 The ports previously owned by P liament which relate specifically ponents of the submarine; modern Twenty-three cadet midshipmen 14,052 to -.he ports concerned. Glasgow 9.863 4.189 13,100 the main-line railway companies coastal and inshore minesweepers graduated from the Royal Austra- Huli 9,812 3,288 12,347 arc now under national ownership must combat the minelaying activi- lian Naval College at Crib Point, Belfast 1.847 10,500 10,782 and are administered by the ties of maritime aircraft. Victori?, on March 11. Swansea 7,50* 3,27* 10,335 British Transport Commission Keep a Good At the present time the need for The cadets will join the Royal Bristol 6,357 3,978 8.438 Important examples arc Scuthamp Britain to possess a predominance Navy aircraft carrier H.M.S. Middlesbrough ... 5.926 2,512 ton (docks only), Hull, Swansea, Lookout of large ships has receded and the Triumph, which is the training Cardiff and Middlesbrough (docks importance of smaller ships has in- 226,069 FOR THE NEXT ISSUE OF carrier for cadet-midshipmen from Total 151,868 74.201 only), Harwich, Folkestone, New- creased. Aircraft carriers and other the Royal Navy and other British haven and Holyhead. large units are still required, but 365,620 Commonwealth navies. Total All Ports ... 217,385 148,235 Others are controlled by a pub- The Navy the quality and strength of the v Four of the cadets are from the • With cargo and in ballast. lic trust on which are represented Royal Navy must not be judged Royal New Zealand Navy.

June, 1955 E f . '' e,r-r - — fcto i ^ ^ The award commemorates the "Revolutionary" H-bomb time in dry dock. She has been work for naval aviation between practically re-designed, fitted with 1939 and 1945 of Admiral Sir exploded last year Dr. Ralph Lapp, head of the an angled deck, and many other HEWS OF THE WORLD'S NAVIES Denis W. Boyd. It incorporates a modern devices. silver model of a Fairey Swordfish U.S. Navy's nuclear physics bomber and was presented to the branch, said last month that The whole operation took only Royal Navy by the Fairey Avia- America exploded a revolutionary New R.A.N. Barracks New method of up the output to nineteen tons a at Sydney day per evaporator. 20 minutes and the Kmgsbridge tion Company. hydrogen bomb in the Pacific on March 1, 1954. distilling water Because of the success of the was refloated. Permanent barracks to accom- EMBERS of the Royal Naval anti-foam constituent, it was A few days later an S55 Whirl- Combined exercises According to American Press modate chief and petty officers and Scientific Scrvicc have found Agency reports, Dr. Lapp, who M dccidcd to try the new compound wind helicopter similarly passed a in Indian Ocean other ratings who pass through the a way of saving the Royal Navy was giving evidence before a Royal Australian Navy Radar in the evaporators. Mr. Leicester line from a tug to H.M.S.Mum On June 1 an Australian and £5(X),tM>0 a year in distilling fresh •Npent a fortnight on hoard the rose, which broke adrift whili Senate Armed Services Sub- Training School, Navigation- water from sea water. They have New Zealand Naval force of seven Committee, said the bomb was at Direction School, and Torpedo liner immediately before her sail- being towed to Portsmouth in a ships was successful in an engage- done this by using a new com- ing to make tests. The compound gale. least 750 times more powerful Anti-Submarine School are to be pound introduced into the evapo- ment with an "enemy" force of than the atomic bomb dropped on erected at H.M.A.S. Watson, the resulted in its being possible to First deck landing on one cruiser, two destroyers, and a rators when the change from sea increase the average output of each Hiroshima. R.A.N, establishment at South to fresh water is made. The com- new trials carrier frigate which were escorting a con- He said the bomb was revolu- Head, Sydney. evaporator to approximately 32 voy carrying cargo of electronic pound prevents scaling and the tons a day. The first deck landing on H.M.S tionary in construction, in the Announcing this the Minister Bulwark., which in March took equipment. The action took place large area of its "fall-out," and the formation of ioam. in the Indian Ocean and lasted an for the Navy, Mr. J. Francis, said The Admirably, in a recent bul- Helicopter passes over the duties of trials anJ persistence of its "fall-out." It that the two first-mentioned training carrier, was mad c hour. generated fantastic amounts of letin, quotes Mr. J. Leicester, a ship's towiine schools were already situated at chemist in the A d m i r a I i t y by an American — Lieutenant- A Navy correspondent in radioactivity — much more than an South Head. Thousands of officers Materials Laboratory, as saying For the first time, the Royal Commander J. W. Nance, U.S.N . H.M.A.S. Tobrult stated: "Our ordinary H-bomb. and ratings had done courses at that the new compound has Navy used a helicopter to pass of North Carolina. force on sighting the 'enemy' raced This was the bomb from which them, as well as a large number increased the operating life of an a line from ship to ship for salvage He was on exchange scrvice with to attack at high speed in line ash contaminated 23 Japanese of officers of the Merchant Service. evaporator five-fold, and increased purposes recently. the Royal Navy. abreast to execute an order, 'Fight fishermen, one of whom died, Dr. It was generally acknowledged that efficiency by about 30 per cent. The helicopter was piloted by a The Bulu'drl^ is one of the throe your way with relentless vigour, Lapp said. South Head provided one of the With it, fresh water can be New Zealandcr, Lieutenant M. H Hermes class carriers which joined regardless of loss, to ship carrying best sites in the world for such made from salt water at a cost of Simpson, R.N. He took off from the Fleet last year. The landing electronic equipment.' "Victorious" afloat schools. 12 shillings a ton. against IS shil- the R.N. Air Station at Gosport was made on February 7. "A dense smoke screen followed after five years in a Dragonfly after a request had The Torpedo Anti-Submarine lings a ton before the present Naval Test Squadron by gunfire did not deter our The aircraft carrier Victorious School was at present at Rush- method of treatment. The saving been made to the Navy to help force from their aim, even though establish a tow-line between the wins air trophy was put afloat for the first time for cutter Bay, but it was to be trans- in fuel oil burned in the boilers to we suffered damage. Our guns five years at Portsmouth Dock- ferred to South Head. heat the evaporators is 34 tons of tug Sir Bet'ois and the Kirtgsbndge. The Boyd trophy, highest an- poured broadsides into the a freighter, which was aground nual award of the R.N. Fleet Air j yard on May 19. The only existing accommoda- oil for every thousand tons of 'enemy' ships and forced them to The carrier had been all that water made. south of the Isle of Wight. Arm, has been awarded for 1954 acknowledge defeat. Continued on peg* 29 to the R.N. Test Squadron at tho j "Assuming a total production The helicopter carricd 1.000 "The 'enemy' ships were the yards of one-inch hemp, in four Aeroplane and Armament Experi- throughout the Fleet of 2,000,000 fiewcastle. Concord, and Cossac\. VESSELS BUILT, SUPPED AND SERVICED. tons of distilled water a year, the coils, to act as a messenger line. mental Establishment at Boscomb: Downs. of the British Far East Fleet, and cost of producing this before the When the aircraft arrived over the New Zealand frigate Kaniere. DIESEL, MARINE AND GENERAL ENGINEERING. The award was made for tho present treatment would be the ships, the tug had managed to The convoy was the tanker Gold RIGGERS AND SHIPWRIGHTS. roughly £1,750,000," he s»ys. "The approach to within about 120 yards squadron's contribution to tho Ranger. improvement of naval aircraft anJ All rlassn of repairs and conversion work carried out. cost of production with the pre- of the freighter. "All ships will now join with sent treatment would be about The end of one of the coils on the testing of new undcvclopcJ MARINE INSTALLATIONS. MODERN SUPWAY AVAILABLE types. the Australian and New Zealand £1,250,000." the hclicoptcr was weighted and Force to carry out further exer- FOR ALL TYPES OF CRAFT. Mr. Leicester puts the cost of lowered to the freighter. Then the A citation which accompanicJ cises on passage to Singapore. The • research over nine years which helicopter flew slowly towards the the announcement of the award by remainder of to-day will be resulted in the development of the tug, paying out the line. The the Flag Officer Air (Home). employed in refuelling from the latest compound at £15,000. other end of the line was then Vice-Admiral Sir John Ecclc-. Gold Ranger." K.C.V.O., K.C.B., C.B.E., stated: A. & W. Engineering He says that a crisis arose about passed successfully to the tug. The tug's crew secured a four-inch '"Pic squadron has made a direct The combined naval task force the liner Gothic shortly before it and forceful contribution to comprised the R.A.N, destroyers & Ship Repair Co. was due to leave on the Queen's towing line to the one-inch line, which was then hauled on by the improving the breed of naval air- TobruI[, Anzac, Arunta. and War- Commonwealth cruise in 1953. It craft during the past ten years i f ramunga. and the anti-submarine was found that the ship's two crew of the freighter to establish Pty. Ltd. the towing link. its existence as an entirely Nav.il frigate Quadrant, and the New evaporators, required ti produce unit. Its enthusiastic efforts with Zealand cruiser Blaci^ Prince and 40 tons of fresh water daily, The one-inch line, however, the frigate Pu\a\i. The senior CAREENING COVE, MILSON'S POINT parted. The helicopter then new and undeveloped types ha\e could not produce more than ten. had strong and beneficial influence officer of the task group is Captain Telephones: XB 167} and XB 4)87. Modifications were made by the repeated the operation with a J. F. Whitfield. R.N., the com- second coil and this time the tow- on Fleet Air Arm quality in the After Hours: XJ 3213. department of the Engineer-in- air." manding officer of Blac\ Prince. Chief of the Fleet, which stepped ing line was secured.

THE NAVY Juno, 1955 M whether they are intended for deck there are other researches in pro- operation or for airfield operation. stacles in thc present arrangements gress worthy of study by the Royal to thc fullest and fastest develop- Even more important the United Navy. For instance the jet deflector State of R.N. Fleet Air Arm States Navy is hard at work on a ment of specifically naval types which was designed by the National of aircraft. These obstacles are in- variety of devices which may en- Gas Turbine Establishment and able ultra-fast aircraft to work from herent in existing departmental fitted by Westland to a Meteor is mechanism and have nothing to do Is Causing Anxiety carriers with greater safety and able, according to thc pilots' re- certainty. Thus thc Grumman with with the ability of thc aircraft ports, to give a much lower landing By Oliver Stewart (in London) the Attincllo flap is worthy of industry to supply any particular special notice. It is reported that, speed. Jet deflection is obviously type of machine. tu- The work of Cambell, Good- with this flap in operation, the a field on which all navies should SURVEY of the state of thc in no small measure to the .satis- be concentrating their attention. The arrangement is that there factory development ol* the design. hart and Lean with angled decks take-off speed is brought down 20 A and mirror landing devices and knots and the load is increased by shall be a central ministry, the Fleet Air Arm as revealed in The Westland Wyvcrn strike If wc find that in the Royal the development to full operational nearly 1400 kilograms. Navy there is little interest in fly- Ministry of Supply, which is res- thc discussions which were begun aircraft has been a disappointingly ponsible for thc supply of aircraft slow starter and for many months standards of the steam catapult ing-Kiats, and if we fail to observe by thc Estimates, cannot be wholly are matters showing a greater ad- Thc Attincllo flap is a device on any specifically naval work on to all three Services. One of the reassuring. It is true that Mr. J. P. its qualities have been a matter ot which information is as yet scanty: objectives is thc co-ordination of debate; especially as the delay 111 vance than can be found 111 naval boundary layer control, blown flaps L. Thomas had gcxxl news to give aircraft themselves. but it appears to be a "blown" flap, and jet deflection, it us bccause of research and experiment. Ob- about thc plans for replacing ex- bringing it up to thc stage of in that air is bled from the engine viously if thc three Services are carrier operation was inordinately The habit of looking at what the thc departmental framework in this isting machines but the thing that compressor and then ducted to thc country'. The Ministry of Supply is left to make their own arrange- long. But thc most recent mark of Americans are doing, and then wing and emitted in a stream over makes the critics anxious is thc long making comparisons with what we charged with research into things ments. there is always a risk that interval of time that now seems to Wyvern has the approval of criti- thc flap. This form of boundary researches may be duplicated. On cal Service pilots. are doing, is too common. Never- like jet deflection and boundary be neccssary for the process of re- layer control is the subject of a layer control. There is no direct the other hand there arc disad- Thc Fairey Clannct anti-submar- theless it is apparent that the great deal of experimental work; placement to be completed. We United States Navy is going ahead means whereby the Navy can vantages in thc arrangement. Thc have therefore the curious situation ine aircraft, with its interesting but thc Crumman Panther seems stimulate research into these things Ministry of Supply is nothing other and novel "douljlcenginc" con- at a remarkable speed with new to be the first aircraft which has that, in deck flying technique, thc types of naval aircraft. It is not for its own ends. As for flying than a middle-man. It has on its Royal Navy has achieved superior- figuration, is m service and squad- given it a trial for deck operations. boats, they are thc province of thc staff officers from the three Services rons have been formed. Other air- only that it is developing an inter- ity to all other navies and has esting series of turbine-engincd fly- There can be no doubt that Air Forcc and not of thc Navy. and these officers arc responsible introduced many important inven' craft. including thc Sea Venom for putting forward thc require- all-weather fighter, arc being ing boats, but also that it is in the every navy seeking to improve its tions and developments; while in forefront with aircraft of extreme carrier operations should be study- On the face of it, it has to be ments of their Services. But there the aircraft themselves it remains brought to higher standards of admitted that there seem to be ob- efficiency than were at first possible. performance yet capable of work- ing all possible means for obtaining Continued on piq* 37 backward. ing from carricr decks. boundary layer control. For this is But none of these things can In view of thc setbacks that are The Douglas Skyray for speed thc way of improving thc speed known to happen when new air' affect the over-all view, already range; and speed range is the SS^jry f°' »••" »i«> «-• RAN. th. .;,„.« „„;., and the McDonnell Demon for y J M 14 ,0 1 ,h craft J re brought into service, mentioned, that thc Royal Navy- quality required before all others "v. " I V " "i" " « B..I, Th, is less well equipped in its aircraft rate of climb can hardly be equalled 'Au.fr.li. b, th. Eritr.h Gov.rnmant p.ndin, small comfort can be taken from by any other Service aircraft. in deck operating aircraft. But fh. completion of th. *> N '. n.w cm., "M.lkourn.." which i.du, to the announcement that thc Nil 3 than in its deck operating appara- r..ch Au.fr.I,, from Ih. U.K. ,.,ly n.rt „.,._"0ai|y T.l.qr.oh" "n'n single-scat day fighter has been ordered. Much more would have to be known about its behaviour and possibilities before it can be accepted as a machine that will bring the Royal Navy up to date in ultimate air performance. News of the de Havilland no, however, is satisfactory. It appears that this aircraft has now passed through its most difficult period and is shap- ing well Kith as an aircraft and as a gun platform. Indeed it is good to know that the gunnery problems which have troubled some of the R.A.F. fighters do not se<,r<. to trouble the DH 110. This is an aircraft which earlv showed its high speed powers an J was one of thc first British open- tion.il aircraft to be dived through the speed of sound. Paradoxica'iv enough, the tragic accident at Fanv borough may now perhaps be looked upon as having contributed THE NAVY1955 J June 27 Eel nables large and heavy aircraft only mobility but also a mighty fore, the far-flung countries of the ith heavy loads to take off from aid to defence derived from the Western alliancc would be in a NAVY-AND A-BOMB IC flight deck of those carriers element in which it sails. Water in position not to be lightly assailed By D. A. Smith Sited. The inference is that an the quantities in which it is to be by those who put their hopes of ::omic weapon can now be flown found in the oceans of tfck world is light of increased knowledge of the -om such a floating airfield as is survival in the size of their HE monumental truism of war- they render these surfaces radio- perhaps the most useful material in countries and populations. active. It then becomes a matter effects of nuclear weapons and lie Arl[ Royal. T fare to-day is that the mo6t combating the secondary effects of —(From the London "Navy") powerful weapons are those de- of months, if not longer, to render other warlike techniques. fission. Ultimately, perhaps, the pendent upon the release of energy them safe for human contact. On The latest advance in flight deck Covering a wide range, includ- cchnique is an audible air speed main elements of the fleets of the from the breakdown of matter. the other hand, if such particles ing protection in atomic, biological world will be composed of huge Appointed ADC's These weapons are known by vul- arc deposited on a constantly mov- ndicator known as Audio. When and chemical warfare, the lectures he mirror sight, fitted on the flight submarines powered automatically Three Royal Australian Naval gar names such as "atomic bombs" ing film of water, they do not have give detailed advice to Merchant and therefore not requiring large captains and one commander have and "hydrogen bombs." time to settle and can be swilled cck to give incoming aircraft Navy masters and their sub- !icir angle of approach, was under quantities of air to be sucked in- been appointed honorary Aidcs-de- It follows that the most signifi- into the ocean. ordinates. The distances from the board. and capable of diving to Camp to his Excellency the Gover- Both remote control and pre- .evelopmcnt, a system of coloured cant Naval developments an- centre of atomic explosions, above L'hts reflecting on the aircraft wash themselves rapidly clcan from nor-General, Field-Marshal Sir nounced during the past year are wetting have been devised as and below water, at which survival radioactive particles. Submersible William Slim. counter-measures to the "fall-out" i indscrccn and conncctcd to the those associated with dcfence can be expected and the kind of :r speed indicator was introduced or otherwise, one can look to the They arc Captain W. B. M. against such weapons and the of particles on the fringe of atomic peril to be expected at different warship, armed with aircraft or Marks, D.S.C., of Sydney, Cap- explosion and escape from the base I give the pilots their correct power to deliver them. distances are now being explained ved of approach. It was found guided missiles, as the final and tain R I. Peek, O.B.E., D.S.C., "It is well known that a ship or surge of radioactive mists which to the officers under instruction awful instrument of retribution. of Melbourne, Captain (S) R. F. follow an underwater explosion. it these coloured lights did not airfield suffering a direct hit from with confidence. They are taught A'ays show clearly, particularly If the enemy peers into the future M. Lowe. D.S.C., of Frankston, an atomic or hydrogen bomb will Both also arc simple from the en- how to use radiac instruments, through the haze of mass destruc- and Commander L. Gellatly, gineering viewpoint. Since the i glaring sun, and the Admiralty be destroyed," said Captain D. R. which denote the amount of radia- wrcfore developed an audible in- tion, he may see a ship of war O.B.E., D.S.C., of Melbourne. F. Cambell, D.S.C., R.N., captain relegation of the tiller to rowing tion in parts of a ship which have delivering the final bomb . . . and The appointments are for three boats, ships have virtually been rimcnt. This works on the prin- of the Ar\ Royal, when answering been contaminated with radioactive iplc of an electric organ and gives hesitate. years. questions on the ability of his ship steered by remote control. More substances. Similarly these instru- > assurance as to correct speed It is such reasoning which has to withstand atomic attack. "It is elaborate remote control equip- ments can reassure the officers that ud warning of incorrect speed no doubt led to that recurrent alto well known," he continued, ment is familiar in gunnery mach- the effects of pre-wetting and "Georgic" withdrawn i he pilot's earphones as a back- theme in the public utterances of "that there is a near miss effcct for inery and magazine safety installa- sluicing down have been com- from sale round to the voicc reception for the First Lord of the Admiralty, any bomb, whether it be high ex- tions. One can assume, therefore, pletely successful. It may be seen The British Ministry of Trans- |h:ch the earphones are primarily the Rt. on. J. P. L. Thomas, MJ>., plosive or nuclear. that remote control for ships' main from this that the hazards to be port has announced that the liner machinery did not confront the '.ended. that atomic warfare does not make "It is also known that on the faced on the fringe of atomic ex- Georgic has been withdrawn from engineers and designers with any navies less important but more im- perimeter of a nuclear explosion plosion arc being met with scienti- It so happened that one of the sale and that the Ministry will major problems. Similarly the pre- portant. In a phase of semi-annihila- there is the problem of radiation fic precision in detail but, naturally, Hi >ts engaged on assessing the new make her available to the Austra- wetting installations for decks and tion, the wide and watery spaces and of particles of vapour or dust the course also deals with the lal rid noticed that when the lian Government for migrant trans- superstructure in principle re- of the earth would prove less in- which arc contaminated. wider tactical problems of convoy J>I mred lights on the windscreen port until the end of this year. semble the means by which a work in the atom age. Ringed, there was a faint click in hospitable than the land masses. The Georgic left Liverpool last The engines of a ship require Given mastery of the waves, there- gardener water; the lawn. Fire- e ones month with migrants for Australia. large quantities of ail to keep them Side by side with these training ' »'?]) - <£«»ed electrically, fighting lines already installed in c running, hence there is the possi- warships throughout the world measures a working party under f V^-d the de- ! bility that contaminated solid par- provide an obvious basis to work the chairmanship of Sir Victor '"P™nt of Audio. ticles or vapour may be drawn into on. The remainder is simply a Shepheard, the Director of Nava! The apparatus is relatively POOLE & STEEL LTD. the machinery. To enable this ship matter of providing adequate Construction, is advising ship- Inple, is accurate to within a to steam in such circumstances, pumping capacity and suitable owners on the measures which can irter of a knot, and is made in the machinery is fitted with remote be taken to make their ships less • > separate parts, each of which nozzles. 43 STEPHEN ST., BALMAIN, control which would enable her vulnerable to this form of warfare, j irno two boxes which can be to steam for a limited, but ade- The significance of these develop- At sea there is no question of od in anv convenient part of N.S.W. quate, period, so giving her the ments is, therefore, not the tech- aircraft. Using this aid, the abilitv to get away from the nical achievement but the implica- adopting the attitude of some of the citizens of Coventry, who have t can keep his eye on the mirror Telephone: WB 2511 trouble. When the remote control tion that the Admiralty has en- t and the deck itself without is in operation there will be no tered a period of finite knowledge, thrown up their hands in horror at the prospects of atomic warfare ning to take in a visual jndica- hands in the machinery spaces. The following nearly a decade of study of air speed. General Engineers, Boilermakers, Shipbuilders, Dredge Builders machinery will be controlled from of Hiroshima and all that. and conclude that nothing can be done. The modern maritime equiva one of the many air-conditioned This conclusion is borne out by the aircraft carrier with all Plans, Specifications and Estimates prepared compartments in the ship." lent of Cromwell's famous dictum! an increase in the scope of Mer- •c new dividends of research for Mining Dredges and Plant of all kinds. chant Navy defence courses which could be: 'Trust in God and keep| : development now emerges as It has also been announced that your top decks wet.' Electric Welding and Oxy-Acetylene Work H.M.S. Cumberland has carried are prepared by the Admiralty for >st formidable instrument for out trials with a system of pre- officers and men of the Merchant On the offensive side, the past delivery of the most powerful wetting the outer surfaces of ships. Fleets. In announcing the revisions, year has seen the completion of a .- pons known to man. Far from Telegrams: If particles of radioactive matter the Admiralty specifically stated revolution in the aircraft camel more vulnerable to atomic "POOISTEEL." BALMAIN. N.S.W. ire deposited upon dry surfaces that they have been made in the techniques. The steam catapult , ck than the airfield, it has not

THi NAVl., ini PAGES GLUED TOGETHER MARITIME NEWS OF THE

From our Correspondent* in LONDON and NEW YORK By AIR MAIL

damaged cent of Australia's export trade sulate in Taipeh (Formosa) with cyclone This was not high enough for a .i warning to British shipping. CYCLONE over the Indian country with such an expanding The announcement said the Occan early this month caused industrial potential. mines were laid because of the estimated at £10,000 to Enough manufactured goods threat of Communist Chinese British freighter Betwa. were being shipped overseas, how- invasion. ship's master, Captain S. ever, to demonstrate that Australia Quemoy is off Amoy, opposite said when the ship arrived could compcte on world markets, Formosa, and the Matsu group is that the wind whipped particularly those near home. off Foochow British ships call "as high as the funnel." He said that Australian manu- regularly at Foochow and Amoy, apped off steel railings, facturers should make every effort which arc Communist Chinese lifeboats, ripped steel to increase exports and promised ports. off their hinges, and broke Government assistance to those Press agency reports from For- Water flooded the engine who wished to enter the export mosa quote a spokesman for the trade or increase their exports. Chinese Nationalist Government as having said that the Nationalists ship fought the cyclone for Crew of arrested ship days. hoped the mines also would pre- sent home vent British ships from taking sup- the Philippines The master, 11 officers, and 20 plies to Communist China. a surfboat seamen of the freighter Ken Wahi lorentino Das, a 37-years-old were repatriated from Sydney to Gales batter shipping New Zealand last month after ">ino, set sail alone from Hono- off Kentish coast on May 15 in a converted their ship was arrested in Sydney tralian surfboat for the Philip- Harbour. Gales off the English coast last - a voyage of 5,300 miles, The arrest was made on behalf month drove the Dutch motorship, as's surfboat was rigged for sail of the Chartered Bank of India. Urmajo, aground on the Goodwin also carricd two 25 h.p. out- Australia, and China. The ship Sands, off the Kentish coast, where rd motors for emergencies, was formerly the Australian the crew abandoned ship. left with 90 days' supplies, coaster Momba. The Ramsgatc lifeboat brought to reach his them ashore. British ships warned The gales delayed the liner of new minefield i^ueen Marv 12 hours on her plan to The Chinese Nationalist homeward journey to Southhamp- boost exports Government early this month ton from New York. le Australian Minister for announced that it had mined ter- Two tugs were damaged when rping and Transport, Senator ritorial waters around Formosa and they collided after towlines from McLeay, has announced that Quemoy and the Matsu group of the British troopship Empire Blondie, mascot of the schooner "Hiahd," watches crew-members playing cards from the arms of A Australian Government next islands. Trooper parted during the storm. will substantially increase its In response to British enquiries Andersen, a Norwegian seaman on the vessel. "Hiahd," is one of the few schooners still operating The tugs were towing the troop- • iditurc on overseas trade for a clarification of the announce- ship to Scotland. interstate traffic. This photograph was taken in Sydney Harbour. n otion. ment, the Chinese Nationalist The Southend lifeboat rescued 1> said exports of non-primary Government sent a copy of the the crew of three of the yacht J nets comprised only six per announcement to the British Con- Stormalong. which got into diffi-

THE N/ ,, 1955

rcjastamamsmisi ashore, but one of them broke a the engine-room and electrical f. culties soon after leaving on a voy- branches bring the Royal Aus- age to New Zealand. The yacht leR- THE SUEZ CANAL The vessel was returning to tralian Navy into conformity with was three miles offshore with a those made in the Royal Navy. broken rudder and her engines Sydney after 11 days trawling near By "SfiMflosc" dead. Montagu Island. It carried 400 The titles hitherto in use could boxes of fish. easily give persons unfamiliar with N the 18th November, 1869, wool, ores, jute, vegetable oil and Two tankers collide The trawler, owned by Red size and speed of ships. This forms naval tradition and recent develop- a small Glasgow steamer, the oil seeds all began to flow west- in dense fog Funnel Trawlers Pty. Ltd., was a O the second part of the story, in- ments on shipboard a wrong im- Dido, owned by Messrs. Handa- ward in increasing quantities; The Norwegian tanker Berge- minesweeper on the Eastern Aus- volving the Canal Company in pression of the duties that the -yde and Henderson, made the first while in return the East took ever- chtef and the Lihcrian tanker Bur- tralian Coast during the war problems, not only of maintaining, branches concerned are called ommercial transit of the Suez growing amounts of the manu- gun collided in dense fog in the upon to perform. The changes • 'anal. The canal had been opened but also of increasing facilities to English Channel on May 24. Two dead sailors factured goods of Europe. And, if keep pace with the traffic. There arc as follows (new titles, fol- he previous day, with due form the pattern of trade has changed Lloyds shipping intelligence found on raft are two major difficulties, silting lowed by their authorised abbre- ,nd ceremony, by the Empress somewhat since the Second World reported both ships were damaged, Two dead Polish seamen found viation, appear in parentheses) :— Eugenie in the Imperial yacht, and damage to the banks. Both are but Bureau continued her voyage War, the total flow has not aggravated by the increasing size of on a raft off Haugcsund (Nor- ittended by an international ' slackened but increased. to New York. way) on May 12 came from the Junior Stoker (Junior Engineer- quadron and various steamers the vessels using the canal, since Polish trawler CrubutJ^a, which ing Mechanic, J.M.(E).); Stoker •.vith guests. But the Dido came to The revenues of the company re- even at the rstricted speeds allowed Union S.S. Co. sank with the loss of all 14 of her (Engineering Mechanic Second I i'ort Said in the way of business. flect the rate of development. In the suction exerted by their pas- 1870, the first full year of opera- Chairman dies crew after hitting a mine in the Class, M(E)II ): Stoker Mechanic She had a cargo to deliver at Suez, sage causes considerable erosion. tion, these amounted to just over Mr G. R. Ritchie, chairman of North Sea. (Engineering Mechanic First i port she had never been able to Silting involves constant dredging, directors of the Union Steam Ship • each before. The canal to her was £200,000; 10 years later they had 5,750,000 cubic metres or more in Earlier it was believed that the Class, M(E)1.); Leading Stoker risen to more than £1,600,000. In Company of New Zealand Ltd., dead men were from another Mechanic (Leading Engineering the tool she needed to finish her 1953. Maintenance of the banks 1953, at the current rate of ex- requires perpetual vigilance and has died in Dunedin (N.Z.). Polish trawler, whose crew were Mechanic, L.M.(E).); Petty Offi- Mb. He joined the board of the com- change, the total receipts of the skilled engineering. Further work reported to have mutinied and set cer Stoker Mechanic (Petty Offi- Contrast the Dido, 138 ft. in Canal Company were well over pany in 1910, and was elected out in life-boats for Scotland cer Engineering Mechanic, P.O.M. goes forward steadily to improve length and 209 tons gross, with the £30,000,000; while the net tonnage facilities and increase the depth of chiirman in 1936 after the death Norwegian mackarel fishermen (E).); Chief Petty Officer Stoker uiant tanker Tina Onassis, 775 ft. of Sir James Mills, the founder of passing through reached a record water. found the raft. The two men Mechanic (Chief Engineering •verall and 25,100 tons gross, of 92,905,000 tons. Cargo traffic, the company. appeared to have frozen to death. Mechanic, CH.M.(E).); Junior arrying over 45,000 tons dead- at 90,399,000 tons, was also a re- This question of maintenance Sydney trawler lost Later, Warsaw Radio cleared up Electrician's Mate (Junior Elec- weight, one of the biggest ships cord, and these figures put Port and improvement causes much the mystery of the rafts origin. trical Mechanic, J.E.M.); Junior using the canal to-day. Here lies Said ahead of all European and heart-searching among shipowners, after running aground since in 14 years' time the Canal The 275-ton trawler Goolgwai Radio Electrician's Mate (Junior the story of the intervening 85 American ports in traffic handled. '.cars. Company's concession expires, and ran aground on the rocks at Mala- RATINGS' TITLES Radio Electrical Mechanic. The Port of London, for example, J.R.E.M.); Electrician's Mate Sec- It is the story first of the expan- handled in the year ended March, the Canal should revert to bar Point, near Sydney, in heavy Egyptian management. Indeed, fog on May 29 and became a total Changes in the titles formerly ond Class (Electrical Mechanic lon of East-West trade. The canal 1953, 48,000,000 tons of cargo. opened just at the moment when voices have already suggested ex- loss. applied to stoker-mechanics and Second Class, E.M.II.); Radio The outstanding development, team was beginning to compete propriation before 1968. The com- All 11 members of the crew got other similar ratings employed in Electrician's Mate Second Class however, has been in the oil trade. criously with sail. Hitherto pany, in 1949, made a new agree- (Radio Electrician Mechanic Sec It was in 1892 that the first cargoes argoes from the East were either ment with Egypt, providing for a ond Class, R E M il ); Electri of "petrol in bulk" were allowed :ransshipped at Suez and reloaded steep increase in the proportion of cian's Mate First Clajs (Electrical to transit the canal—bound, in- "MAIN" COALS it Port Said, or had taken the long Egyptians among its employees, Mechanic First CISss, E.M.I.) cidentally, eastward from the FROM THE MAITLAND (N.S.W.) COALFIELD oad round the Cape. Now and this may permit the training Radio Electrician's Mate First Russian and American fields. Later PELAW MAIN—RICHMOND MAIN tcamers could use the short route of suitable technical and adminis- Class (Radio Electrical Mechanic the opening of the Borneo and ABERMAIN—STANFORD MAIN hrough the canal, with favourable trative staff, though many doubts First Class, R.E.M.I.): Leading Middle East oilfields introduced oaling stage.- on the way. In the are expressed on this score. There for Gas, Railways, Manufacturers and Householders. Electrician's Mate (Leading Elec the trade in crude oil for refining tea trade, for instance, this knock- is also the question of the status trical Mechanic, L.E.M.): Leading in Europe; and crude now forms STOCKRINGTON COALS •d a month off the voyage and of the canal under the Convention Radio Electrician's Mate (Leadinc the bulk of the trade. Not until •neant virtually the end of the of 1888. Here again the Egyptian unsurpassed for Bunkers. Radio Electrical Mechanic. after the First World War, how- tamous tea clippers. record in recent years is an un- FIRST GRADE STEAM COAL FROM THE L.R.E.M.); Electrician (Petty ever, did tanker traffic form an happy one. Officer Electrician. PO rr) appreciable part of the total pass- "BOREHOLE" SEAM, NEWCASTLE (N.S.W.). Further, this new through pas- Radio Electrician (Petty Officer sage came into use just as the Far ing through the canal. Two years When the Mediterranean was Radio Electrician, P.O.R. EL). East and South-East Asia were ago the company issued figures closed during the recent war, it Apply to: being opened up for trade with the showing this increase, from 6 per was estimated that it took nine Similar changes apply to Elec- West; and as the economic cent, of total traffic in 1920 to 63.7 ships on the Cape route to do the J. & A. BROWN & ABERMAIN SEAHAM trical Branch ratings in the Fleet development of Australia was be- per cent, in 1950. After a fall in work of five routed via Port Said. Air Arm. ginning to quicken. The possibility 1951, it has been rising again and This is a measure of what it would mean to world trade were the canal Chief Electrician, Chief Elec- of putting products'on the Euro- in 1953 seems to have been about to be dosed, either through tech- COLLIERIES LIMITED trician, Chief Radio Electrician pean market in a much shorter 62 per cent. Head Office: Shipping Office: nical failure or for political and corresponding Air ratings time encouraged this development. Parallel with this expansion in N.S.W. NEWCASTLE. Rubber, rice and tin, grain and reasons. SYDNEY. would remain unchanged. traffic has been the increase in the —From ths London "Nsvy." THE NAVY I J»n., 1955 22 or limit the access to its territorial As was observed at that time the in consequence feels justified in waters of foreign warships, to en- countries accepting this limit pos- force pilotage, to enact health reg- making a unilateral declaration Territorial Waters Dispute sessed nearly 80 per cent, of the claiming limits beyond those recog- ulations and (perhaps this is the world's effective tonnage. The four most important of all) to enact nised by international law and The International Law Commission met in Geneva on June 9 to seek to Scandinavian countries opted for regulations reserving to its nationals custom. Thc freedom of thc seas four miles and only certain South clarify territorial sea limits. Some countries claim sovereignty over only •he right of fishing within specified must be preserved. a three-mile zone off their coasts, but others claim a much greater area. imitations. American States with thc addition of Spain, Portugal, and Italy re- [Following Mr. Miller's address By R. Dawson Miller Attempts have from time to time quested six miles. the Chamber of Shipping of the ven made to conclude conventions United Kingdom resolved to: (Condensed from a speech to a recent meeting of the Chamber of Shipping dealing with territorial waters. In No such extravagant claim as "(1) note with concern the of the United Kingdom) 10 JO such an attempt was made at 200 miles was at any time put claims of certain countries, made •he Hague Codification Conference forward. However, the task of individually or in concert, to HE term "territorial waters" is or as one writer stated pictur- as concerns our own shores although mder the auspices of thc League drafting a convention is again un- sovereignty over maritime zones T used to indicate that part of esquely, it was the rule that the . in ccrtain Scandinavian States four •t Nations. der consideration and has been far beyond those limits of ter- the sea inside a line running parallel sea should salute the land and thc miles has been recognised. taken over by the International ritorial waters which interna- Unfortunately the conference to the shore within a specified dis- range of guns determined the limit In recent years, however, there Law Commission set up by thc tional usage has long recognised tiled entirely, chiefly on the two tance from it. Considerable dif- within which the salute ought to be has been a growing practice for United Nations in 1947. Although as being appropriate and proper unts I have dealt with, namely ficulties have, however, arisen as to rendered. states to make claims which extend this commission issued a report last for national jurisdiction; • he distance to be applied from the thc extent of that distance and as Naturally in modern times this beyond those limits and it is com- year in which it was unable to make "(2) welcome the firm line -liore and the nature of thc littoral to the legal rights enjoyed by the conception cannot be adopted and mon knowledge that only a few any recommendations, it is most which Her Majesty's Govern- mate's legal rights. It is, however, littoral state over the waters so the distance must be measured in months ago the State of Peru claim- ardently to be hoped that it will ment has taken in rejecting such f interest to note that at that defined. nautical miles. In this connection ed a distance- of two hundred miles pursue its labours and draft a con- claims, and to urge the Govern- and enforced this claim by seizing . nferencc, where 42 States were vention which can be universally On the first point the conception in Great Britain such distance has ment, in consultation with other a whaling fleet found within that i presented, 20, including the Brit- adopted. But, even if it suffers the in the Middle Ages was that the always been taken as three miles; maritime powers, to uphold the limit, releasing it only upon the i-h Commonwealth, the United same fate as thc Hague Conference distance should be measured by the in fact in 1923 the then Under- generally accepted international payment of a very substantial fine. States, and several of the leading and no convention is agreed, the range of cannon firing from the Secretary of State for Foreign Af- concept of the limit of territorial If claims of this nature are to be l iropean maritime countries, were strongest possible action must be shore. This was based on the theory fairs said in the House of Com- waters unless and until varied by pursued by other 6tates, the con- illing to accept three miles. taken to discourage any State which that the dominion of the land ends mons:— international agreement."] sequences upon shipping generally where the power of the arm ends, "His Majesty's Government have always maintained that by internat- will be such as seriously to affect ional law and practice the general international trade. limit of territorial jurisdiction is three miles, but from time to time On the second point as to the ESTABLISHED IMS CHINA JAPAN littoral State's legal rights over its MANILA, claims to extend the three miles » u limit have been advanced by different territorial waters, there is quite a DAVEY'S FLOUR . - . PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, states. Such claims, which amount to variance of opinion among inter- DAVEYS LION HONG KONG, annexation of the high seas, could national lawyers, some maintaining JAPAN PORTS. only be made effective by internat- • ional agreement.* that it confers a right of sovereign- This view was again endorsed as ty, as indeed it is clear that the State of Peru maintains, while Regular sailings from recently as last December by Sir Established in Australia lor over Sydney by modern Luxury others consider it affords only a Anthony Eden, who stated in the Liners, First Class accom- right of jurisdiction. The latter House of Commons:— 80 years. modation in Single and would appear to be the proper view Double Rooms with pri- "The limitation of territorial and is endorsed by Dr. Colombos • waters has not been the subject of vate bath available. formal agreement between Her Maj- in his well-known textbook on In- esty's Government and any other ternational Law of the Sea in which he says:— Full detail* from state. Her Majesty's Government Suppliers to the R.A.N. and the R.N. regard the three-mile limit as sanc- "The absolute sovereignty claimed BRAND tioned in international law by long by come states over their marginal Australian-Orient*! usage and custom. Her Majesty's TCLCSRAPHIC .no CABLE ADDRESS: • sea cannot be reconciled with the " LION FLOUR." SVONCV Line Ltd. Government have accordingly always right enjoyed by the merchant ships refused to accept in principal claims of all nations to the innocent passage China Navigation fa. to territorial waters of more than across the territorial waters of e Limited three mile*, and have reserved the state, or with the modern principle right to uphold any British interests that a state is not entitled to levy EDWIN DAVEY & SONS PTY. LTD. prejudiced by such claims." any tolls or dues on foreign ship* JOINT SERVICE In consequence in the treaties passing through its waters unless ALLEN STREET. PTRM0NT G. S. YIJILL AND CO. dealing with territorial waters to santioned by. treaty." which Great Britain has been a Therefore, he concludes there is PTY. LTD. party ar.d in the various Acts pas- only a right of jurisdiction or qual- 'Phone: MW 2531 (3 lines) Managing Agents sed on the subject the distance of ified sovereignty. Such right ad- « BRIDGE ST. BW 2731-2-3. three miles has been adopted so far mittedly enables the State to forbid

THE NAVY I J»n., 1955 24 when he was Governor-General of n.S.C., on loan to the Royal New STATE OF R.N. FLEET AIR ARM Personalities Australia. Zealand Navy as Chief of Naval Naff, New Zealand Navy Board, CONTINUED FROM PAGE 17 Lieutenant Overbury R.N. succession to Commodore Sir TWO MOKE l.S. AWARDS is still an intermediary which may added about the new' cult of light- The De Havilland Trophv for iiarlcs E. Madden. Bart., serving impede progress. There is much to the rank of Acting Rear-Ad- weight aircraft. Douglas in the the fastest flight of 1954 has been he said for the arrangement pre- United States has entered this field "-pwo officers of the Royal The Minister for the Navy. Mr. iral. awarded to Lieutenant J. R. S. vailing in the United States which a field pioneered by Short Bros, Australian Navy have been J Francis, announced the appoint- The Admiralty also has an- Overbury. a member of the R.N. permits the Navy to develop flying- with the Scamcw and by Folland awarded the American decoration ment. He said that Captain Smith, unccd the promotion of Rear* Test Squadron at BiKcombe boats if it so wishes. with the Midge and Gnat. At the of the Legion of Merit, Degree of since 1946, had been concerned \Jmiral G. V. Gladstone, C.B. Downs. Rear-Admiral A.N.C. Bingley. moment the views of the Royal Officer, for their outstanding ser- with the R.A N.'i Fleet Air Arm Vice-Admiral ui her Majesty's Oil July 29 last he flew a Navy the Fifth Sea Lord, in a recent ad- Navy upon the advantages and vices to the Government of the both afloat and on shore. et. and that Vicc-Admiral Sir Sea Hawk aircraft from London dress made some amusing allusions disadvantages of lightweight air- United States in action against Captain Smith was horn at I i.tries Hughcs-Hallett, K.C.B.. to Amsterdam in 2? minutes 19 to the earlier approach of the Navy craft are not clear. But the merits the Communist forces in North Chatswood, N S W i BE, and Rear-Admiral G. F. seconds an average speed of to air matters. He described how of the Seamew as a hard, practical Korea in 1952. li irghard. C.B.. D.S.O.. have been 571.5 mil(?s an hour. the Admiralty had asked for ten- aircraft capable of operating from Commander Orr R.N. iced on the Retired List. The officers are Commander W Lieutenant Overbury, 29, joined ders from the aircraft industry for a wide variety of bases have been Commander S. (J. Orr. DSC. S. Braccgirdlc, D.S.C. and two the Royal Navy in 1943 and was the building of a flyfhg chartroom established and the Gnat is gaining and two Bars, A FC R N , is Captain Cowell bars, RAN. and Commander ! trained as a pilot in Canada. with a gixid look-out!" Some of the increased popularity as the work on commander o! the Royal Navy's M. Ramsly, D.S.C . R.A.N. Following service in the aircraft Captain R. E. Cowell has been early aircraft produced to naval re- the Midge has proceeded. The Test Squadron at the Aeroplane Tlu- Minister for the Navy, Mr carriers Ocean and Theseus he i pointed Marine Sujvrintcndcnt quirements which were conveyed fourteen pilots who have flown the and Armament Experimental Est- J. Francis, announcing these two qualified as a flying instructor at : the Peninsular and Oriental S.N. direct too the industry were alarm- Midge speak highly of its qualities ablishment at Boscombe Downs, decorations, said that the citations the Central Flying School in 1950. I mpany. ingly ill-proportioned and exceed- and it must be remembered that which has been awarded the Boyd for the awards to these two officers In 1953 he graduated as a test He succeeds Captain A. Roger, ingly bad flying machines. But its wing span is so small that it Trophy for 1954. revealed that they showed great pilot at the Empire Test Pilots' > , died in April this year. there is reason to suppose that could Iv accommodated on an professional skill and courageous Tiie trophy, commemorating the School. Farnhorough, and joined that sort of thing would not happen ordinary carrier lift without wing fighting ability and they performed work of Admiral Sir Denis W. the R.N. Test Squadron in 1954 What is done for another is again to-day. folding. their duties 111 such a manner to Boyd, is the highest annual award He has flown 45 different types of J' rtc for oneself."—-Paulus. Perhaps a footnote should be reflect great crcdit upon themselves of the R.N. Fleet Air Arm. aircraft. —(From the London "Navy") anJ their Naval scrvicc. As a sub lieutenant Commander The Minister added that the two Orr served in H.M.S. Illustrious R.N. Appointments, etc. officers had already received a under Admiral Boyd—then a cap- The Admiralty has announced British award for their Korean tain. He has commanded the test the following appointments: ANTIDOTE FOI services. unit since August. 1953. Vice Admiral C. John. C B , to Commander Braccgirdlc had been Sincc joining the Service in 1939 be Flag Officer Air (Home) in NIGHT GLOOM in command of H.M.A.S. fiacatm he has flown 90 different types of succession to Vice-Admiral Sir and Commander Ramsay had been aircraft, commanded two wartime John Ecclcs. K.OB. K.C.V O. Siemens Lamps are the logical in command of H.M.A.S. Warni- squadrons, and was Air Croup C.B.E. (June, 1955). answer—Incandescent or Ruo- mungd. Commander in the Implacable and Rear-Admiral K McN. Camp •escent. You can't buy better. the Indomitable in 1950 and 1951 bell-Walter, to be Flag Officer Captain Smith He took the Empire Test Pilots' Germany and Chief British Naval Course in 194fi and was a test Representative in the Allied Con- A Naval officer who played a pilot at Boscombe Downs from trol Commission in succession to big part in the initial planning for 1947 to 1949. Rear Admiral R. S. Warnc. C.B . the introduction of the Fleet Air C B E . and to succeed Rear-Ad- Arm into the Royal Australian Rear-Admiral Lockwood miral Warnc as Commander Allied Navy has been appointed com- Naval Forces. Northern Area. manding officer of H.M.A.S. Quad- Surgeon Rear-Admiral Lionel Central Europe. rant and Captain of the First Lockwood, M.V.O.. D.S.C. Frigate Squadron. Q.H.S.. whose promotion was an- Rear-Admiral G. K Collett. D.S.C.. to be Vice Naval Deputy He is Captain V A. T. Smith. nounced recently, is an Honorary to SACEUR. D.S.C. R A N . at present the Surgeon to the Queen. Captain Sir St. John R J. Tyr- Director of Air Warfare Organi Surgeon Rear-Admiral Lock- whitt. Bart.. D.S.O., D.S.C. (and sation and Training at Navy wood recently assumed the appoint- bar), to be lent to the Indian Navy are types and fittings for Office. Melbourne. ment of Director of the R A.N.'s as Flag Officer (Flotillas) Indian every industrial, commercial Captain Smith will take over Medical Services. It is the highest Navv in succession to Rear-Ad and domestic requirement. from Captain T K. Morrison, appointment in the Navy's Medical miral F. A. Ballance, C.B., D.S.O.. O.B.E., D.S.C., R.A.N., who has Branch. serving in the rank of Acting Rear- been appointed Naval Representa- Previously he was Command Admiral. tive and Naval Attache at the Medical Officer at Sydney. He was SIEMENS (AUSTRALIA) PTY. LIMITED S » 0 1 I i . M [ [ ! Australian Embassy in Washing- honorary surgeon to the late King Captain (Commodore 2nd B o i) n [ A 0 F I A I 0 E BRISBANE CO PI * LTD ton (U.S.A.). and to the Duke of Gloucester Class) J. E H. McBeath, D.S.O.. PEHTH C GEHOfRS PTY

THE NAVY J June 1955 27 ing pilots in the new landing tech- Fiction NEWS OF THE WORLD'S NAVIES nique which the sight renders Continued from peg* IS. necessary. tion for Navy personnel attending main motors for underwater pro- The deck-landing mirror-sight DETECT EVE DMLKMNS the radar training and navigation* pulsion, but in addition to their was invented in the United King- By J. H. Adams direction schools consisted of huts, diesel-electric machinery they arc dom and has been installed in car- which were entirely unsuitable for fitted with turbine machinery for riers of the British and United N one of the Australian capitals others difficult and even ridiculous. shrewd, assumed an attitude of deep the purpose. which the energy is supplied by States Navies. I there's a detective whose repu- But it made an evening's fun as thought, swung sharply on unsus- In addition to living quarters the burning diesel fuel. Navy rescues castaway ation is a little tarnished (said the young couples tried to complete pecting passengers, pointed an ac- new barracks would include a The Excalibur has an extreme H.M.A.S. W arrego on May 26 Captain George Manslcy). He the list and place the articles before cusing finger at them and startled guard-house and administrative length of 225 ft. 6 inches (178 ft. rescued a shipwrecked fisherman. -eldom speaks, these days, of his the waiting assistant purser in the tlicm with hissed questions. Still, quarters. They would be built of between perpendiculars) and a Gilbert Sheldon. 30, from Scawfcll •ccan holiday, poor fellow! lounge by a set time, the pair to get there was no sign of the brooch. beam of nearly 16 ft. She is being Island, 60 miles east of Mackay. brick and would be two stories Dctective Dilkins wasn't a bad the most winning the competition fitted with the latest submarine Queensland. After three days of "exploring high. hap. He might have been pretty Doc. that evening was in a sour Work on construction would escape arrangements, including the Sheldon, who lives in Mackay, mood. He usually enjoyi J sitting all avenues," Detective Dilkins was one-man escape chamber and the •ck at cornering crooks. His trouble without clue or reputation. His begin later this year. The esti- had lived on the island for 18 vas bragging about it. in the smoking-room with whoever mated cost was £656,000 and latest breathing apparatus designed days on oysters, sand crabs, and he had palled up with on the voy- fund of grandoise detection stories As soon as wc cleared Sydney dried up like a trickle of water in £21,000 would be spent on for escape purposes. coconuts. He swam four miles to age, lingering over a few beers. furniture. the island after his 25 ft. boat was Heads in the liner Mirool Dilkins the desert. Four mirror-sights vgan to talk about himself. For Dctcctive Dilkins, however, had swamped by heavy seas on May 8. monopolised the room and the Someone among the few hundred New submarine for Australian Navy The Warrego was carrying out Jays wc had Dilkins stalking the passengers was a crook. If Dilkins -afeblowers and Dilkins winning; company. So Ramsay, after his is hunched The Royal Australian Navy has a survey near the island. ear-drums had been blasted at long couldn't run the thief to earth H.M. Submarine Excalibur. decided to buy four of the recently- Dilkins cornering the gunmen at "Centaur" sinking range, moved for'ard to the lounge. here, what chance would he have launched on February 25 at invented deck-landing mirror pistol-point; and Dilkins rounding in a city's thousands? Vickers Armstrong's Barrow-in- sights for its Fleet Air Arm. remembered •hem up. If you believed all he The hour for the closing of the Doc. Ramsay bided his time. The Furness yard, is a sister ship to Two will be installed in the new An R.A.A.F. Lincoln bomber on said, Sherlock Holmes was a mere hunt drew near. The room was lounge was crowded. It was even- H.M.S. Explorer, now undergoing a rcraft carrier Melbourne, which May 14 dropped a wreath on the :yro, a flat-footed mug. filling. There was a babble of ing. Mrs. Ballinger-Bulfinch was trials. will arrive in Australian waters sea where the Australian hospital conversation and then a yelp of from England early next year, and ship Centaur was sunk by a Japa He made an impression among dismay from Mrs. Ballinger-Bull- playing bridge. Detective Dilkins Both submarine- have a modern omc of the passengers. I found was as silent as a motor car with version of the usual battery and two will be used ashore for train- nesc submarine 12 years ago. finch, a wealthy old duck with him quite amusing because I had more jewels than judgment. a flat battery, pretending to read a him in small doses on the odd occa- heavy tome on the early history of 10ns I came down from the bridge She had joined the hunt with a the Roman Empire, but really try- and mixed with the passengers. But male partner. Production of the ing to reconstruct the crime. he got right under the skin of my brooch for her was simple. She ENGINE & TELEGRAPH EQUIPMENT '•'lip's surgeon, old "Doc" Ramsay. had one, studded with diamonds, I thought it was rather cruel of Doc. to get up then and announce Every time Dilkins started to valuable enough to provide passage money for a couple of voyages. that he had recovered the diamond FOR NAVAL & MERCHANT VESSELS How hard Doc nearly foamed at brooch in difficult circumstances the mouth. She had dumped it on the table. from a mysterious crook whose "His ego's as big as the Queen The crowd milled around, buzzing identity he had missed in the dark. Mary!" exclaimed the Doc. as each new collection came to MANUFACTURERS OF ENGINE TELEGRAPH light. In the middle of it all the There was a hubbub as he hand- EQUIPMENT AND LUBRICATED TYPE "What's it matter? All the brooch vanished. ed the jewel back to its owner. » omen hang on his words. They Dctcctive Dilkins bumped his nose CHAIN AND WIRE GUIDES. The alarm was raised. The room think he's marvellous. The purser's was searched. Nobody could find in getting hastily out of the lounge. never had an easier time. Doesn't the brooch. It must have been He hadn't seen the glass in the hive to organise so many games. stolen. Who was the thief? door. • REPAIRS CARRIED OUT PROMPTLY. They all listen to Dilkins." I re- plied. A call was sent out for Detec- In my cabin I poured Doc. a stiff tive Dilkins. All would be well. confession draught from my new "Bah!" spat Doc. "I'll take him Mrs. Ballinger-Bullfinch would get bottle of Scotch and asked: "Come down a peg or two if it's the last her brooch back and the great de- on. Doc., how did you do it?" I MARINE DIESEL FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS thing I do!" Bridge Transmitter tective would unmask the villain. "Pinched the darned thing my- I RECONDITIONED AND RENEWED. Well, one night wc had a scav- and Engine Room Her partner, a mousy little bloke, self!" His eyes twinkled. "Mrs. Bal- QUICK SERVICE FOR SHIPPING COMPANIES. enger hunt. It was a regular item was grilled by Dilkins right from Receiver as shown linger-Bullfinsh swept the brooch every voyage. The purser's depart- the start with a verve that was off the table with her bag. I saw were fitted to Ship ment distributed lists of articles to breath-taking. The mousy bloke it hit her evening frock, skid across be collected, ranging from a long BEGG & GREIG Building Board D. stood up to it, submitted to search the carpct and under a settee. A hlonde hair, a brooch and a pair of and was grudgingly declared inno- vengeful idea was born. Before she 20 ERSKINE STREET, SYDNEY AC E. Class Vessels. water wings, to a baby's rattle. cent. noticed it had gone I had quietly 'Phones: BX 1208, BX 7087 Some were easy to pick up, Dilkins looked in turn wise, pocketed it. Here's luck!"

THE NAVY I J»n., 1955 21 Trotsbruckc in Hamburg, one For Soa Cadets They marched from the Mitchell photograph hangs upon the wall. Library with contingents from the It is not of Ferdinand or Carl Navy, Army, and Air Force. How- Laeisz, nor any other ancestor, New O.W. Training Unit ever, owing to school holidays hav- illustrious as they were. It is a ing ended that day, only a small photograph of a man with high is Commissioned number of cadets were able to chcck bones and a hawk nose, a attend. grim-looking, determined man, By D.J.M. * • • Merchant Navies, Admiralty with a firm h.ird mouth, wide "M a n u a I Of Seamanship," The lack of whalers in the Corps Departments, Shipping Companies, apart, all-seeing eyes (which in HE ceremonial commissioning Volume 111, by Commander vettes, and frigates, all made by thc is largely overcome by the genero- and the Ministry of Transport. life were the hardest of cold of the new Canterbury A. M. Rundlc. D.S.C., R.N. commanding officcr. sity of H.M.A.S. Penguin and blue), a strong but not pugna- TA.S.C.C. Unit, T.S. Shropshire, on (Retired): H.M. Stationery * * * H.M.A.S. Rushciitter, who allow cious jaw. It could, with a April 23, was performed by Cap- Office. Thc N.S.W. Division was very Sea Cadets to have rowing and "The Way Of A Ship," by darkened skin and a head-dress tain Dowson, R.A.N., represent- busy during April and May. An sailing practice whenever their The third and last volume of the Alan Villicrs; Hodder and of eagle's feathers, be some great ing thc Flag Officer In Charge, inspection by thc Staff Officcr boats are not in use. Such an new Admirably "Manual of Sea- Stoughton, London. Red Indian chicf of long ago. !:ast Australian Area, Rear (A.S.C.C.), Commander F. occasion occurred recently when manship" was published by H.M. This new book by Alan Villicrs, It could be a great satcsman, a Admiral H. Buchanan. R.A.N. Stationery Office on February 15. Glynn, R.A.N.R., was one of the T.S. Perth (Manly) took advan- The Way of a Ship, is a rich and great admiral. In fact, it is the A guard of honour and colour main events. Thc first volume, published 111 face of that great master of Cape tage of a loan of two whales from absorbing work. It opens excitingly party, led by thc band of thc Week-end training camps were 1951, dealt with the elementary Horn ships, Robert Hilgendorf H.M.A.S. Penguin. with a description of the famous Koyal Australian Naval Reserve held on board various H.M.A. matters of seamanship, and the With Hilgendorf to entrust with Thc forenoon was taken up with fivc-mastcd Preiissen storming up ind followed by members of all ships. Ten cadets were fortunate second volume, published in 1952, her command, thc house of teaching thc cadets the correct Channel, and continues through units of thc A.S.C.C., marched in being able to spend four days dealt with the more advanced Laeisz dared build thc Potosi method of lowering and hoisting a 2S7 pages with an astonishing past Captain Dowson, who took in H.M.A.S. Albatross. There aspects of practical seamanship for with an assurance that, under whaler, and the theory of sailing. wealth of square-rigger lore. The the salute from the saluting base in was a thrill for them in taking pas- the benefit of young officers and God. she would succeed." In the afternoon, the whalers were book might, in some sense, he ront of the Canterbury Town sage in an A.S.R. vessel, and they seamen. Each met with consider- I fancy that many besides old manned, S/C Sub - Lieutenant regarded as a development and Hall. had a flight in a Dakota. Every- able success in Kith thc Royal and sailing ship men will be rtruck by Kiely, of T.S. Perth, taking charge extension of the late Basil Lub- At the depot, thc parade formed thing possible was done to make Merchant Navies; 45,000 copies of bock's \itrale Clippers, for it is the moderation and good sense of one whaler and Leading Sea- Volume I have been sold, in addi- up in a square. The Guard of their training interesting and man McCartney, of T.S. Sinus, about ships in the nitrate trade, with which the author treats the Honour and Colour Party was tion to 50,000 copics issued for tricky but exciting matter of speed valuable. the other. The two boats set off mostly those of the great German nspcctcd. Thc ceremony of com- • • • official purposes. It is now being line of Laeisz; thc "P" ships we under sail. He hints at that famous on a friendly race from the reprinted for thc second time. missioning was then carried out. T.S. Sydney held a local church Penguin to T.S. Perth. Kiely's used to call them in my time. But sentence from the log of thc fames The unit's chaplain, thc Rev. Rich, The third volume is intended for parade at the Balmain Church of whaler won by two lengths, but Mr. Villicrs's book is a fuller work Barnes ("In all starboard studding- •ffcrcd prayers and blessed the the use of seamen of experience, of England Dockyard Church. Rear- the race was very closc. than Lubbock's; as well docu- sails. Ship going 21 knots"), and -liip. both the Royal and Merchant other claims approaching it with Admiral Buchanan, R.A.N., Flag * • • mented, but much, very much, On completion of thc christening Navies, as a book of reference. In richer in human personalities. On some reserve, and adds that "when Officcr in Charge East Australian Jv(.S.W. Division entries:— addition to the usual matter thc passengers went, so did thc .rcmony. Captain Dowson and Area, attended thc scrvice. T.S. Sydney. 1267 Walter thc men that manned the clippers, ther members of thc official party included in manuals of seaman- for example: more extravagant claims." Thc T.S. Warrego is feverishly "hop- George Munro, 1268 Kenneth ship, many new subjects, which, up records of thc Preussen and Potosi 'Jdresscd thc assembly. All ping in" to building additions to George Stevenson, 1293 Kenneth to now, have usually been dealt "Some of them had not been were meticulously measured and pcakers praised the manner in their depot. When finished it Newman, 1295 David George with in separate publications, have home sincc they first went to checked, and thc highest speed they vhich the ceremony was per- should be an added inspiration for Denning, 1304 Kenneth James been included in this volume. sea, and several men were over ever logged was 17J knots, and lormcd. Captain Dowson com- boys to join. Burton, 1313 Graham William There are chapters on manoeuvring 70. Home? They had no that under ideal conditions. mended thc progress which thc unit Thc C.O. of T.S. Sinus, Byrne. 1321 Harold S. Starling, in company, handling ships in nar- homes. The ships were enough had made and complemented thc Lieutenant O'ConneU, is on thc 1322 Glen Allan Staggs, 1325 guard of honour and colour party row waters, handling ships in heavy for them, with an occasional Thc book is sub-titled "The lookout for additional premises to John William Gardner, 1331 } • n their bearing and drill. weather, wreck dispersal, abandon- spell in a sailors' boarding- story of the square-rigged Cape house his increasing numbers. The Rodger F. Darby. The commissioning ceremony ing ship, survival and rescue, and house or adrift in foreign parts. Horner." It is a fine book and a present quarters in which thc unit T.S. Australia: 1284 William F. > 'incided with an inspection by thc cargo stowage, in addition to the 'On thc beach,' they callcd it, full one, but thc "story" of square- trains has been made quite O'Shannesy, 1285 Alan Clifford Staff Officcr (A.S.C.C.). Com- more common subjects such as tow- and it had no terrors for them. rigged Cape Homers would serviceable. Wilson, 1286 Graham Hamilton, r.ander F. Glynn, R.A.N.R. ing at sea. salvage operations, A man was his own master and occupy many volumes. • • • 1291 John R. Curran, 1302 extempore handling of heavy was supposed to take care of I.S.H. in tho London "Navy." After the speeches, the depot The frame of the new building Richard Walter Frost. 1303 John weights, ship contruction, and ship himself. They knew how to do w as opened to visitors. The interior for T.S. Albatross stands alone and R. Pollock, 1307 Kenneth Hislop, stability. that over thc length and breadth nt the depot is an example of hard waiting. If some fairy godmother 1308 Stephen John O'Conncr, The book runs to some 480 pages of thc world." "Asian affairs are a matter of work. The walls are lined with would assist with the building, the 1314 Alexander McDonald, 1318 life and death to the Australian sketches, drawings and pictures of unit could look forward to one of with 160 illustrations. The author devotes a whole Trevor Fairbairn, 1326 Leslie Mer- Nation." — Mr. R. G. Casey, all phases of nautical life, drawn by the finest depots in N.S.W. Thc The author of all three volumes. chapter to thc wonderfully success- vyn Hansell. 1327 Kevin R. Commander A. M Rundlc, External Affairs Minister. thc unit's Commanding Officer, boys of this unit stick to thc ship Sinnot. ful carccr of a famous master of Lieutenant Seymour. An attrac- and look longingly at their new D.S.C., R.N. (Retired), received "P" ships, and this is thc pen T.S. Warrego. 1289 George valuable assistance in compiling thc "Be not careless in deeds, nor tion was a full-scale model of depot's ribs. picture of his appearance: H M.S. Southampton. On shelves Edward Hill, 1323 Leslie John various chapters from experienced confused in words, nor rambling Sea Cadets took part in the Williams. in thought."—Marcus Aurelius. were models of submarines, cor- officers of both the Royal and "In Erich Laeisz's office by the Empire Day ceremony in Sydney. T.S. Perth: 1262 Lionel Rex

THi NAVY I Jun., 1955 *l Hoare, 1296 Brian Barrett, 1311 THE SUBMARINERS' "GOOD MORNING' George Victor Ball, 1324 Brian Edward Taylor, 1330 Brian George Hockey. For nearly three years during were out. A tense quiet settled on T.S. Sinus: 1278 Gary Neil the war, Mr. Harry Guy Bar- men about to die. tholomew, a director of the THE FLAG THAT CIRCLES THE WORLD! Suiter, 1279 John Miles, 1280 The coxswain came around Terence A. W. Ninnis, 1290 London "Daily Mirror," produced, with six others, a secret news- with a large pare:!. He peeled off Thomas Polard. 1301 Robert Wat- the copies -— tomorrow and to- son, 1316 Boyd Richard Burgess, paper, "Good Morning," for sub- marine crews. In addition to its morrow—the tomorrows they did 1328 Robert Walker, 1329 Donald not hope to see. It was a )est and P. Harmcr. own material, the paper repro- duced the most popular strip- a gesture. Every man knew the T.S. Albatross 1287 Alan Fred truth. Wasson, I2S8 Stanley Genge, cartoons. With the grateful con- 1292 Charles Stuart West, 1305 nivance of their lordships at the Then the engines throbbed. James Alexander Bate, 1322 Peter Admiralty, scaled bundles of The engineers had won. "When Clifford Bain. "Good morning" were delivered the short cheer ended, an em- T.S. Tobrul; 1283 Stanley at operational bases at home and barrassed coxswain had to explain Brown, 1294 Stephen John Lavis, abroad to be opened daily by the that they had had their "Good 1299 Peter D. Goble, 1298 Bruce coxswain as the morning watch Morning" for the rest of the trip. William Bragg, 1299 James ended and passed around to each Francis McDonough, 1300 Alan mess. Papers were numbered but First Lord of the Admiralty A Coombcs, 1317 John Francis not dated. V. Alexander described the sub- Rcarv. I??? Peter Clifford Daniel. marine paper as "one of the hap T.S. Shropshire 1281 Ian Clif- By these ingenious means, how- picst inspirations in journalistic ford Hannah, 1282 David Edward ever long the cruise might last, enterprise." In Dunoon "Good Bradbury, 1306 Ian Andrew the submarine men were kept in Morning" started a "Good Even- Hagan. 1310 Kenneth John New- touch with affairs at home and, ing Club" for submariners off man, 1312 Robert Jjmes Nelson, depth-charges or no depth- duty. 1315 Alan Geoffrey Wilson. 1320 charges, did not miss their daily This enterprise of the produc- Errol John Bray. dose of "Jane." tion of "Good Morning" as a Resignations:— The rule that the coxswain morale-booster for the men of the S/C Sub Lieutenant Davies should distribute only one issue submarine service is briefly de- (T.S. TobruJO, P.O. Instructor a day as the submarine's journey scribed in "Publish and be Donald George Connelly (T.S. progressed is on record as having Damned" by Hugh Cudlipp, de Sydney), P.O. Instructor Kenneth been broken only once. A sub' scribed as "the astonishing story the beers thai Always ask for . . . Baxter, T.S. Sydney (joined mer- marine, hit by a depth-charge, of the 'Daily Mirror'." chant service). sank to the sea-bed. The engines —From "Th« Sailor," Johannftiburq have won World SHELLEY'S approval are ... FAMOUS DRINKS WinnsJ*j ''The Big Friendly Stores'9 MELBOURNE BITTER Obtainable from leading /g/g FK/evPLv srectv.m/ ~ VICTORIA SITTER shops and saloons. GREETINGS FROM YOUR FAVOURITE STORE, WHERE YOUR NEEDS ARE CONSTANTLY BEING STUDIED IN ORDER TO GIVE YOU THE THINGS YOU WANT, AT THE PRICE YOU LIKE. FOR VALUES FOSTER S LAGER SHELLEY & SONS THAT ARE HIGH, AND PRICES THAT ARE LOW, COME FIRST TO CORDIAL FACTORY ABBOTS LAGER PTY. LTD. WINNS MURRAY STREET, is good for you Tr^j

THE NAV!' B'"'J,"a " W-. -n L..l,„. Stmt. Svdnry. One of the main weapons now being developed for anti- submarine work is the helicopter equipped to search for and locate the submerged enemy and then to destroy it. Dipping Asdic apparatus will enable the helicopter's crew to fix precisely the position of the submarine, to shadow it through its every movement, and to strike and kill at the chosen moment. Helicopters so armed can operate from naval vessels or from merchant ships. For this work the British services have chosen

Bristol twin-engined helicopters.