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Guam Agricultural Experiment Station University of Guam Annual Report 1983

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Guam Agricultural Experiment Station University of Guam Annual Report 1983 I Guam Agricultural Experiment Station University of Guam Annual Report 1983 ( ' ' •" u Message from tbe Director Recruitment of a pomologist in December 1982 gave a boost for the pomology program in 1983. Fifteen acres of land in Southern Guam has been surveyed for developing a tropical fruit crops germplasm repository. Emphasis in the rest of the programs remained at the same level as that of 1982. However, four new Section 406 projects in the sub­ ject areas of Soils, Entomology. Economics, Plant Pathology and a Regional Research Project NE-124 were added in 1983. Results of one of the early Section 406 projects on winged bean have become evident. Winged bean has become an item on the vegetable shelves of major grocery markets on Guam for the first time. Outbreaks of spherical mealybug on Leucaena leueocephala and spiralling whitefly have been successfully con­ trolled by utilizing bio-control agents. In addition, our scientists have sup­ plied bio-control agents to Taiwan, Japan, Saipan, the Phillipines, and Kosrae for control of various pests. WILFRED P. LEON GUERRERO Dean/Director AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION STAFF Wilfred P. Leon Guerrero, Ed.D . ....... .. .. .. ......... .... .......... ... .. Dean/ Director R. Muniappan, Ph.D . .. .... .. .. .... .. .... .... ...... .. ..... .. Associate Director Edith R. Blanken field, M.Ed . .... .. .... .. ... .... ........ ... Assistant Director Jefren L. Demeterio, Ph.D . ............... .. ......... .. .. .... Associate Professor, Soils Thao Khamoui, Ph.D .... ... .. .. Assistant Professor, Agricultural Economics and Marketing Chin-Tian Lee, Ph.D . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Associate Professor, Vegetable Horitculture James McConnel, Ph.D' ... .. .. ..... ... ... .. .. Assistant Profess?r, Ornamental Horticulture The cover designed and il­ Donald M. Nafus, Ph.D . ... .. ... ...... .. .......... .. Assistant Professor, Entomology lustrated by Perry A. Perez features Aspergillus tlavus, a James R. Nechols, Ph.D' .. .... .. .... ... .. ... .. .. ... .. Assitant Professor, Entomology fungus commonly associated Anastacio L. Palafox, Ph.D . .. ... ....... ... .. .. .. .. ... Professor, Animal Sciences with post-harvest decay. Guam's environmental con­ R. Rajendran, Ph.D ....... .. .. ...... ... ............ ... ......... Professor, Pomology ditions of high humidity and temperature facilitate the Vincent M. Russo, Ph.D ... ... .. .. .. .. ........ .. Assistant Professor, Plant Pathology growth of this and other Ilse H. Schreiner, Ph.D . .. ..... .. .. ... .. ...... .. .. Assistant Professor, Entomology fungi, thus contributing to the loss of agricultural in­ Calvin A. Saruwatari, M.S .. ......... .. .. .. ...... ... .. Research Associate, Engineering come. Thomas Seibert, M.S.' .... .. ...... .. ..... ..... Research Associate, Entomology Syamal K. Sengupta, Ph. D' . .. ... .. .. .. .. Assistant Professor, Ornamental Horticulture Silas E. Gould, M.A ... .. .. .... .... .. ... .. .. .. Editor, Assistant Professor, Media Stephen G. Nelson, Ph.D .... .. ........... .. .......... Associate Professor, Marine Biology Kenneth Carriveau, Ph .D ... Associate Professor, Education, Library Science (Research Affiliate) Chu Tek Tseng, Ph.D . ..... .... .. .. .. Assistant Professor, Physics (Research Affiliate) Joan Perry, MA, MAPA ... .. .. ........ ... .. .. ........ Resource Conservationist SCS, USDA William Null, Ph.D ..... ... .. .. Forester, Guam Department of Agriculture (Research Affiliate) BOARD OF REGENTS Marshall Kirby, M.S ... Entolomologist, USDA, APHIS, International Programs, Regional Office (Research Affiliate) J.U. Torres (Chairman) Rosalie Kikuchi, B.S.' ....... .... ..... ..... .... ..... .......... .. .. ....... Biologist Marilou Yamanaka, B.S . ...... ... ... ...... .. ... .... ... .. .. .. Chemist Gorgonio E. Cabot Diana Ventura, B.S .. .. .. ... ... ... .. .. ..... .. ... ...... .. .. .. Chemist (Vice Chairman) Rosenilda Y. Marasigan, B.S ... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... Chemist Raymond Cruz, B.S . ... .... ... .... .. .. ... .. .. Microbiologist John M. Phillips Perry A. Perez, B.F.A . .... .. .... .. .... .. ... .. .. .. .. Graphic designer/illustrator (Treasurer) Edna M. Eclavea . ........ .. .. ........ .. ..... .... ... .............. .. .. .. Secretary Lillian R. Chargualaf. ..... ......... ... .. ....... .. .. ..... .... ... .. Secretary Patrick E. Q. Perez . ... .. ..... .... .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. ... Secretary Andrew L. Orsini Meeli Leith . .... ... .. .. .... ... ..... ... .. .... ..... .. Library Technician (Student Regent) Antonio Guiao .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .... ..... .. .. Accountant Patsy Castro ... .. ..... ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .... Accountant Technician Joseph E. Hosie Edith Leon Guerrero . ... .. .. ...... .. .... ........... Program Corrdinator (Member) I Joined in early 1984 2 Left in early 1984 Eloy Q. Benavente 3 Joined in late 1983 (Member) 4 Left in late 1983 Elizabeth F. Lujan (Member) Jesus S. Quinata (Member) UNIVERSITY PRESIDENT Dr. Jose Q. Cruz Contents Soils ..... .. .. .. ................. .. ...... .... .... ........ · · ·. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · • · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1 Horticulture- Vegetable Crops ......... ....... ... .. .......... .... ................ ···· · ·· · ·· ········· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ······ ··· . 10 Entomology - Pest Management .......... ... .. ................ · · · · · · · · · .. · . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 14 Entomology - Biological Control .............................................. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 26 Plant Pathology .............................................................. · · · ........ · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 27 Agricultural Engineering . ...... ....................... .. .. .... .. ..... ..... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 31 Animal Science . .... ........... .. ............. ..... .. .. ............. ... · . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 32 Aquaculture ... .... ......... .......... ...... ... ... .... ... ..... · · · ··· ·· .. ·. ·· ········ ····· ···················· · · · · ······ 36 Agricultural Economics ......................................... · · · ... ..... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 38 Pomology .... .. ...... ............... ........... ... .......... ... .... · · · · · · · .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 42 The Guam Agricultural Experiment Station is an equal opportunity employer. All information gained through its research program Is available to anyone without regard to race, color, religion, sex, age or national origin. Trade names of products are used to simplify the information. No endorsement of named products Is intended. The yields from the sludge, chicken studies on sludge showed reduced Soil Science manure (10.2 tons), and commercial yields. Jefren I>enneterio fertilizer nitrogen (21-0-0) treatments 6. The addition of fresh green leaves were similar and double that of the and stems of Leucaena resulted in yield from the control plot. These significantly higher yields with all yields were about half of that observ­ ed in the tangan-tangan leaf and high treatments. Residual studies on Assessing Alternate Sources for chicken manure treatments. the Leucaena leaves showed Commercial Inorganic Petroleum The residual study showed highest drastically reduced yields. Based on Fertilizer Nitrogen yields from the Leucaena intercrop treatment. The Leucaena leaf treat­ This project which was initiated in ment plots which showed highest 1979 involves various means of pro­ bellpeppers yields showed lowest the Diazinon Degradation in Field and viding fertilizer nitrogen to satisfy the yields of okra. The nitrogen in the Greenhouse Conditions growing needs of bellpepper plants. Leucaena apparently mineralizes fast The treatments involved intercropp­ and when used in the sludge treat­ ing with legumes, addition of chicken ment demonstrated a reduction of Preliminary studies were conducted manure, sewage sludge, incor­ yield as compared to the control plot. using filter paper strips (Whatman porating fresh tangan-tangan leaves no. 1, 5x23 em). Diazinon was added (Leucaena leucocephala), and am­ Conclusions: dropwise to the filter papers. In the monium sulfate (21-0-0). The 1. Intercropping with legumes, Leu­ field they were strung on wire held by ultimate aim was to identify a source caena leucocephala depresses the metal poles. Another set of filter for fertilizer nitrogen which would yield of the main crop. papers was hung in a greenhouse. In­ lessen dependence on petroleum bas­ ed fertilizer nitrogen like ammonium 2. The beneficial effect of intercrop­ dividual papers were sampled and sulfate. The evaluations were done ping with peanuts is felt in the placed in wide-month amber bottles during the dry season with subse­ follow crop. This has led the way (recycled reagent bottles). Fifty ml quent residual studies done during the towards exhaustive experimenta­ ethyl acetate was added and the bot­ rainy season. Okra seeds were relay tion with growing peanuts for tles were shaken for 10 minutes. The seeded between bellpepper plants in maximum biomass and peanut solution was evaporated to
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