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3. Les Cyperaceae Et Les Poaceae

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3. Les Cyperaceae Et Les Poaceae SECRÉTARIAT DE LA FAUNE ET DE LA FLORE COLLECTION PATRIMOINES NATIlRELS - VOLUME N° 11 Série Patrimoine Génétique /\r;~,v~ 1.1:: /tA "/~3 t\1 ~: -;1;\ rr.:'· ~~ ~!"'ir f" 1..:. S~'-,\; Gr2.f flt dlç G. CREMERS M. HOFF ~~1r~ 1r~@~@JNOI~~ ill)mW~1rm ill)~ ~ @lDJW~ W~~~~ ill[( = ILm CCW~~CC~rnTIr ILm W@~~~ MUSÉUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE PARIS. 1993 Cenchrus echinatus TI~Rr1J~~ 1J~@Rr@li\@1~~ J])~ JP~1J~ J])~ J1& @HIm~ W~(Ç~~~ mm = J1~ (ÇW~~(Ç~ rnTIr J1~ JP@&(Ç~ L'inventaire taxonomique des plantes de la Guyane française (troisième partie: Les Cypéracées et les Poacées) a été réalisé au : Laboratoire de botanique du Centre ORSTOM BP 165- F. 97323 Cayenne cedex avec le concours de la Direction Régionale de l'Environnement de Guyane (DIREN) cenchrus echina/us SECRÉTARIAT DE LA FAUNE ET DE LA FLORE COLLECTION PATRIMOINES NATIJRELS - VOLUME N° 11 Série Patrimoine Génétique G. CREMERS M. HOFF TI~~1r~ D~@~@EiOI~~ J])~IP~1r~ J])~ ~ @l1nf~ W~~~~~ TITITI = J1~ ~W~~~~ ~ J1~ IP@&~~ avec la collaboration de P. GOETGHEBEUR (Cypéracées) et E. JUDZIEWICZ (Poacées) CREMERS G. : Laboratoire de Botanique. Centre ORSTOM de CAYENNE. BP 165. F-97323 CAYENNE CEDEX. FRANCE GOETGHEBEUR P. : Laboratory ofPlant Morphology. Systematic and Ecology. University of Gent. Lederganckstraat 35. B-9000 GENr. BELGIUM HOFF M.: Laboratoire de Botanique. Centre ORSTOM de CAYENNE. BP 165. F-~7323 CAYENNE CEDEX. FRANCE JUDZIEWICZ E. : Smithsonian Institution. Department of Botany (NHB 166). WASHINGTON DC 20560. U.SA Les travaux de publications du SECRETARIAT DE LA FAUNE ETDE LA FWRE sont réalisés pour le compte du MINISTERE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT DlRECI10N DE LA NATURE ET DES PAYSAGES MUSÉUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE PARIS, 1993 Edité par le SECRETARIAT DE LA FAUNE ET DE LA FWRE MUSEUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE SeIVice scientifique national associé par convention pennanente au MINISTERE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT CETTE PUBLICATION CONSTITUE LE VOLUME Il DE LA COLLECTION PATRIMOINES NATURELS, Série Patrimoine Génétique. Directeur du Secrétariat de la Faune et de la Flore, responsable des publications: Hervé MAURIN Ont collaboré techniquement à cet ouvrage : Saisie du texte et mise en page: G. CREMERS. M. HOFF, G. PROCIDA, E. GAVAZZI Maquetusme: H. MAURIN Illustrations: G. CREMERS d'après MARTIUS in Flora Brasiliensis 1ère de couverture : Calyptrocwya bicolor 4ème de couverture: Becquerelia cymosa ssp. merkeliana Copyright © 1993 by Secrétariat de la Faune et de la Flore Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 57, rue Cuvier - 75231 PARIS CEDEX 05 ISSN 1158 - 42 -X ISBN 2 - 86515 - 079- 8 Dépot légal 1993 - II Edité en avirl 1993 SOMMAIRE RESUME 6 1. Les Cyperaceae et les Poaceae en Guyane 6 1.1. L'herbier des Cyperaceae et des Poaceae 6 1.2. Les types biologiques des Cyperaceae et des Poaceae 7 1.3. Répartition géographique des Cyperaceae et des Poaceae 8 1.4. Répartition des Cyperaceae et des Poaceae par formation végétale 9 Il. Description des six listes.................................................................................................... 11 1. Première liste. Les taxons de Guyane et leur répartition 11 Les cartes de répartition.......................................................................... 12 2. Deuxième liste. Les synonymes 12 3. Troisième liste. Répartition des espèces par formation végétale................ 12 4. Quatrième liste. Les collecteurs..................................................................................... 12 5. Cinquième liste. Les déterminateurs 13 6. Sixième liste. Bibliographie............................................................................................ 13 III. Conclusion...................................... 13 L1STE1: Liste des taxons avec leur(s} synonyme(s}, leur répartition dans le monde et en Guyane et les cartes de répartition............................................................................................... 15 Cyperaceae :.............................................................................................................. 16 Poaceae : 55 LISTE 2 : Liste des taxons synonymes avec leur taxon de référence 119 Cyperaceae : 120 Poaceae : 137 LISTE 3 : Répartition des espèces par milieu............................................................................. 163 LISTE 4 : Liste des collecteurs de Cyperaceae et de Poaceae de Guyane 193 LISTE 5 : Liste des déterminateurs de Cyperaceae et de Poaceae de Guyane 199 LISTE 6 : Bibliographie sur les Cyperaceae et les Poaceae 203 5 RESUME Les monocotylédones regroupent actuellement 1093 espèces en Guyane. Les Cyperaceae rassemblent 176 taxons (154 espèces et 22 taxons infra-spécifiques) et les Poaceae 256 (253 espèces et 3 taxons infra-spécifiques). Avec les Orchidaceae, 63% des monocotylédones ont été revues dans cette série. Pour chaque espèce, la répartition au niveau mondial et la répartition en Guyane est indiquée, avec une carte de répartition. La synonymie la plus complète est présentée pour chaque taxon. Elle a été mise à jour à partir des flores de Guyane et des pays voisins. La répartition des différents taxons par type biologique et par formation végétale est étudiée. 1. Les Cyperaceae et les Poaceae en Guyane Les Cypéraceae, avec 154 espèces, regroupent 3,4% de la flore de Guyane. Les Poaceae sont plus nombreuses, 253 espèces, soit 4,9%. 1.1. L'herbier des Cyperaceae et des Poaceae Environ 6 900 spécimens de Cyperaceae et de Poaceae sont enregistrés dans la banque de données "AUBLET" et 3824 d'entre-eux sont déposées à l'Herbier du Centre ORSTOM de Cayenne (1829 Cyperaceae et 1995 Poaceae). Les Cyperaceae sont un peu mieux récoltées que les Poaceae, (10,3 spécimens par espèce pour les premières contre 8,7 pour les secondes). Ceci est dû essentiellement à l'origine géographique des plantes. Les Cyperaceae indigènes sont les plus nombreuses tandis que les Poaceae sont souvent des espèces introduites, et de ce fait moins fréquemment récoltées. La priorité étant toujours de faire l'inventaire de la flore indigène de la Guyane. Par rapport à l'herbier de Guyane, dont la moyenne est de 14 à 15 spécimens par espèce, les Poaceae sont donc nettement sous-récoltées. Plus de 5200 spécimens ont été revus récemment par un spécialiste soit 76% (1299, soit 62%, pour les Cyperaceae et 3923, soit 82%, pour les Poaceae). Les Cyperaceae sont par conséquent sous-déterminées, tandis que les Poaceae, revues récemment par Judziewicz, sont dans l'ensemble bien connues. Le niveau des déterminations est le suivant : Cyperaceae Poaceae Spécimens déterminés uniquement à la famille: 171 205 Spécimens déterminés uniquement au genre: 159 95 Spécimens déterminés à l'espèce ou au taxon infra-spécifique: 1778 4468 6 1.2. Les types biologiques des Cyperaceae et des Poaceae Les espèces appartenant à ces familles sont toutes des herbacées terrestres, cependant quelques unes sont plus ou moins lianescentes ou semi-épiphytes, aquatiques, saxicoles ou bambusiformes. (1 ) (2) - Aquatiques 10 6,41% 4 1,76% - Semi-épiphytes 3 1,92% 1 0,44% - Semi-lianescentes 2 1,28% 5 2,20% - Saxicoles 9 5,77% 13 5,73% (1) nombre et pourcentage d'espèces de Cypéraceae (2) nombre et pourcentage d'espèces de Poaceae Liste des espèces de Cyperaceae et de Poaceae pouvant avoir un autre type biologique que herbacée terrestre Les espèces aquatiques Calyptrocarya g/omeru/ata (Brongniart) Urban Cyperus haspan Linnaeus Cyperus /igu/aris Linnaeus E/eocharis fi/ieu/mis Kunth E/eocharis interstineta (Vahl) Roemer & Schultes E/eocharis mutata (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes Fuirena umbel/ata Rottboell Rhynehospora amazoniea Poeppig & Kunth Rhynehospora gigantea Link Rhynehospora h%sehoenoides (L.C. Richard) Herter Braehiaria mutica (Forsskal) Stapf /ehnanthus pal/ens (Swartz) Munro ex Bentham Leersia hexandra Swartz Panicum parvifolium Lamarck Les espèces semi-épiphytes Bisboeeke/era /ongifo/ia (Rudge) Kunth Calyptrocarya g/omeru/ata (Brongniart) Urban Rhynehospora h%sehoenoides (L.C. Richard) Herter Tripsaeum andersoniiJ. R. Gray Les espèces semi-Iianescentes Se/eria pterota C. Presl Se/eria secans (Linnaeus) Urban Eehino/aena inflexa (Poiret) Chase Lasiaeis Iigu/ata Hitchcock & Chase O/yra Iatifo/ia Linnaeus Oplismenus hirtel/us (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois Paspa/um p/icatu/um Michaux 7 Les espèces saxicoles Becquerelia cymosa Brongniart Bulbostylis capillaris (Linnaeus) C.B. Clarke Cyperus hoppiifolius Uittien Cyperus miliifolius Poeppig & Kunth Hypolytrum longifolium (L.C. Richard) Nees Rhynchospora barbata (Vahl) Kunth Rhynchospora cephalotes (Linnaeus) Vahl Scleria distans Poiret Scleria latifolia Nees Acroceras zizanoides (Kunth) Dandy Axonopus ramosus Swallen Ichnanthus pallens (Swartz) Munro ex Bentham Ichnanthus tenuis (J.S. Presl) Hitchcock & Chase Ischaemum guianense Kunth ex Hackel Olyra ecaudata Doel! Panicum hirtum Lamarck Panicum laxum Swartz Panicum rivale Swallen Paspalum parviflorum Rhode ex Fluegge Pharus latifolius Linnaeus Sporobolus jacquemontii Kunth Trilepis kanukuensis Gilly Les espèces bambusiformes Lasiacis ligulata Hitchcock & Chase O/yra latifolia Linnaeus 1.3. Répartition géographique des Cyperaceae et des Poaceae Près de 4200 spécimens sont localisés avec une précision suffisante en Guyane, soit 61 % des échantillons récoltés. Ils représentent 397 taxons (soit 92% du total). Les 35 autres espèces (et taxons infraspécifiques) sont référencées par des spécimens anciens. Elles n'ont pas été retrouvées récemment et la seule localité disponible est "Guyane". Pour étudier la biodiversité et la richesse spécifique, la Guyane a été subdivisée en quadrat de 15'
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