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Flora of Guaramacal (Venezuela): Monocotyledons

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Flora of Guaramacal (Venezuela): Monocotyledons SmithsonianSmithsonian InstitutionInstitution ScholarlyScholarly PressPress smithsonian contributions to botany • number 100 SmithsonianSmithsonian InstitutionInstitution ScholarlyScholarly PressPress Flora of Guaramacal (Venezuela): Monocotyledons L. J. Dorr SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of “diffusing knowledge” was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: “It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.” This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com- mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to History and Technology Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report on the research and collections of its various museums and bureaus. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are distributed via mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institu- tions throughout the world. Manuscripts submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press from authors with direct affilia- tion with the various Smithsonian museums or bureaus and are subject to peer review and review for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines. General requirements for manuscript preparation are on the inside back cover of printed volumes. For detailed submissions require- ments and to review the “Manuscript Preparation and Style Guide for Authors,” visit the Submissions page at www.scholarlypress.si.edu. smithsonian contributions to botany • numb e r 1 0 0 Flora of Guaramacal (Venezuela): Monocotyledons L. J. Dorr WASHINGTON D.C. 2014 ABSTRACT. Dorr, L. J. Flora of Guaramacal (Venezuela): Monocotyledons. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, num- ber 100, xiv + 289 pages, 26 figures, 316 maps, 2014.—The present volume is a taxonomic study of the monocotyledons that occur in Guaramacal National Park (officially El Parque Nacional “General Cruz Carillo en Guaramacal”), which protects the Ramal de Guaramacal, an outlier of the more extensive Cordillera de Mérida in the Venezuelan Andes. The park covers 215 km2 in Trujillo and Portuguesa states and includes forest and páramo found between 1,600 and 3,100 m elevation. In all, 25 families, 135 genera, and 315 species (316 taxa) are treated; the greatest species diversity occurs in Or- chidaceae (147 species), Poaceae (57 species), and Cyperaceae (28 species). Twenty species are currently known only from Guaramacal and might be endemic. Four new combinations are made: Cyperus hortensis (Salzm. ex Steud.) Dorr, Acronia archidiaconi (Ames) Carnevali & G. A. Romero, Crocodeilanthe gelida (Lindl.) Carnevali & I. Ramírez, and Fernandezia schultesii (L. O. Williams) Carnevali & Dorr. RESUMEN. Dorr, L. J. Flora de Guaramacal (Venezuela): Monocotiledóneas. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, número 100, xiv + 289 páginas, 26 figuras, 316 mapas, 2014.—El presente volumen es un estudio taxonómico de las monocotiledóneas que se encuentran en el Parque Nacional Guaramacal (oficialmente El Parque Nacional “General Cruz Carrillo en Guaramacal”), que protege el Ramal de Guaramacal, un parte aislada de la más extensa Cordillera de Mérida en los Andes venezolanos. El parque ocupa 215 km2 en los estados Trujillo y Portuguesa e incluye bosques y páramos que se encuentran entre 1.600 y 3.100 m sobre el nivel del mar. Un total de 25 familias, 135 géneros, y 315 especies (316 taxones) son aquí tratados; las familias con mayor diversidad de especies son Orchidaceae (147 especies), Poaceae (57 especies), y Cyperaceae (28 especies). Veinte especies son conocidas sólamente de Guaramacal las cuales podrían ser en- démicas. Cuatro nuevas combinaciones son efectuadas: Cyperus hortensis (Salzm. ex Steud.) Dorr, Acronia archidiaconi (Ames) Carnevali & G. A. Romero, Crocodeilanthe gelida (Lindl.) Carnevali & I. Ramírez, y Fernandezia schultesii (L. O. Williams) Carnevali & Dorr. Cover images (left to right): Figures 23H, 23G, 25A, 25F, 24E, and 25K. Published by SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SCHOLARLY PRESS P.O. Box 37012, MRC 957, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 www.scholarlypress.si.edu Copyright © 2014 Smithsonian Institution Text, images, and taxonomic accounts contributed solely by Laurence J. Dorr or by Mark T. Strong are in the public domain. The rights to all other text and images in this publication, including cover and interior designs, are owned either by the Smithsonian Institution, by contributing authors, or by third parties. Fair use of materials is permitted for per- sonal, educational, or noncommercial purposes. Users must cite author and source of content, must not alter or modify copyrighted content, and must comply with all other terms or restrictions that may be applicable. Users are responsible for securing permission from a rights holder for any other use. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dorr, Laurence J. Flora of Guaramacal (Venezuela) : monocotyledons / L. J. Dorr. pages cm. — (Smithsonian contributions to botany, ISSN 0081-024X ; number 100) Other title: Monocotyledons English with abstracts in English and Spanish. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Monocotyledons—Venezuela—Parque Nacional Guaramacal. 2. Botany—Venezuela—Parque Nacional Guaramacal. 3. Parque Nacional Guaramacal (Venezuela) I. Title. II. Title: Monocotyledons. III. Series: Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 100. QK273.D67 2014 584.0987—dc23 2014013050 ISSN: 0081-024X (print); 1938-2812 (online) c The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48–1992. Contents LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF DISTRIBUTION MAPS vii INTRODUCTION 1 Abbreviations and Commonly Used Symbols 2 Contributors 2 SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT 3 Key to the Families of Monocotyledons 3 Alstroemeriaceae 5 Amaryllidaceae 8 Araceae 9 Arecaceae 23 Bromeliaceae 30 Burmanniaceae 44 Cannaceae 45 Commelinaceae 46 Costaceae 50 Cyclanthaceae 52 Cyperaceae 55 Dioscoreaceae 84 Eriocaulaceae 90 Heliconiaceae 92 Hypoxidaceae 95 Iridaceae 96 Juncaceae 101 Marantaceae 105 Orchidaceae 106 Poaceae 209 Smilacaceae 249 Tofieldiaceae 252 Xanthorrhoeaceae 254 Xyridaceae 255 Zingiberaceae 256 iv • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY LIST OF NEW COMBINATIONS 260 NOTE ADDED IN PROOF 260 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 265 REFERENCES 267 INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES 281 INDEX OF COMMON NAMES 289 Figures 1. Bomarea amilcariana Stergios & Dorr 6 2. Anthurium ramoncaracasii Stergios & Dorr 17 3. Aiphanes lindeniana (H. Wendl.) H. Wendl. 25 4. Tradescantia zanonia (L.) Sw. and Dichorisandra hexandra (Aubl.) Kuntze ex Hand.-Mazz. 48 5. Carex jamesonii Boott 58 6. Cyperus niger Ruiz & Pav. 64 7. Eleocharis montana (Kunth) Roem. & Schult. 66 8. Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link 69 9. Oreobolus venezuelensis Steyerm. 71 10. Rhynchospora guaramacalensis M. T. Strong 75 11. Uncinia hamata (Sw.) Urb. 85 12. Dioscorea lisae Dorr & Stergios 89 13. Paepalanthus pilosus (Kunth) Kunth 91 14. Heliconia hirsuta L. f. and H. meridensis Klotzsch 94 15. Hypoxis decumbens L. 97 16. Sisyrinchium tinctorium Kunth and Orthrosanthus acorifolius (Kunth) Ravenna 99 17. Luzula gigantea Desv. and Juncus microcephalus Kunth 103 18. Stromanthe tonckat (Aubl.) Eichler 107 19. Smilax domingensis Willd. 250 20. Harperocallis robustior (Steyerm.) L. M. Campb. & Dorr 253 21. Xyris subulata var. acutifolia Heimerl 257 22. Renealmia thyrsoidea (Ruiz & Pav.) Poepp. & Endl. subsp. thyrsoidea and Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig 259 23. Bomarea amilcariana Stergios & Dorr, Anthurium amoenum Kunth & C. D. Bouché, A. nymphaeifolium K. Koch & C. D. Bouché, A. ramoncaracasii Stergios & Dorr, A. smaragdinum G. S. Bunting, A. ginesii Croat, Philodendron fraternum Schott, and Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott 261 24. Wettinia praemorsa (Willd.) Wess. Boer, Puya aristeguietae L. B. Sm., Tillandsia fendleri Griseb., T. complanata Benth., P. venezuelana L. B. Sm., Mezobromelia capituligera (Griseb.) J. R. Grant, and Vriesea incurva (Griseb.) Read 262 vi • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 25. Canna jaegeriana Urb., Sphaeradenia laucheana (Sander ex Mast.) Harling subsp. laucheana, Carex jamesonii Boott, Paepalanthus pilosus (Kunth) Kunth, Heliconia meridensis Klotzsch, Elleanthus wageneri (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f., Sisyrinchium tinctorium Kunth, Anathallis sclerophylla (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M. W. Chase, Epidendrum secundum Jacq., Habenaria gollmeri Schltr., Maxillaria triloris E. Morren 263 26. Chusquea fendleri Munro, Andropogon bicornis L., Cortaderia hapalotricha (Pilg.) Conert, Prosthechea brachychila (Lindl.) W. E. Higgins, Eccremis coarctata (Ruiz & Pav.) Baker, Smilax domingensis Willd. 264 Distribution Maps 1. Bomarea amilcariana 7 2. Bomarea edulis 7 3. Bomarea salicifolia 8 4. Eucharis amazonica 9 5. Anthurium amoenum 11 6. Anthurium bernardii 12 7. Anthurium crassinervium 12 8. Anthurium eminens subsp.
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