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EL COMPLEJO SPOROBOLUS INDICUS (POACEAE, CHLORIDOIDEAE, ZOYSIEAE) EN LA ARGENTINA Darwiniana, Vol

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EL COMPLEJO SPOROBOLUS INDICUS (POACEAE, CHLORIDOIDEAE, ZOYSIEAE) EN LA ARGENTINA Darwiniana, Vol Darwiniana ISSN: 0011-6793 [email protected] Instituto de Botánica Darwinion Argentina Denham, Silvia S.; Aliscioni, Sandra S. EL COMPLEJO SPOROBOLUS INDICUS (POACEAE, CHLORIDOIDEAE, ZOYSIEAE) EN LA ARGENTINA Darwiniana, vol. 49, núm. 1, 2011, pp. 32-42 Instituto de Botánica Darwinion Buenos Aires, Argentina Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=66922015004 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto DARWINIANA 49(1): 32-42 2011 ISSN 0011-6793 EL COMPLEJO SPOROBOLUS INDICUS (POACEAE, CHLORIDOIDEAE, ZOYSIEAE) EN LA ARGENTINA Silvia S. Denham1 & Sandra S. Aliscioni2 1Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (ANCEFN-CONICET), Labardén 200, Casilla de Correo 22, B1642HYD San Isi- dro, Buenos Aires, Argentina; [email protected] (autor corresponsal). 2Cátedra de Botánica Agrícola, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Abstract. Denham, S. S. & S. S. Aliscioni. 2011. The Sporobolus indicus (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Zoysieae) com- plex in Argentina. Darwiniana 49(1): 32-42. The species in the Sporobolus indicus complex are analyzed for Argentina. Sporobolus indicus var. indicus and S. indicus var. andinus are recognized for Argentina based on significant value differences in culms height and inflorescence length, and the altitude of collection area. The var. andinus is a new record for the Argentinean flora and it is here illustrated. Sporobolus jacquemontii is excluded from Argentina and S. minor is considered as a synonymy of S. indicus var. indicus. Keywords. Argentina, Chloridoideae, Sporobolus, taxonomy. Resumen. Denham, S. S. & S. S. Aliscioni. 2011. El complejo Sporobolus indicus (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Zoy- sieae) en la Argentina. Darwiniana 49(1): 32-42. Se analiza el complejo de especies relacionadas a Sporobolus indicus para la Argentina. Se recono- cen las variedades S. indicus var. indicus y S. indicus var. andinus para la Argentina, sobre la base de diferencias significativas en la altura de las plantas, el largo de las inflorescencias y la altitud de los sitios de colecta. La variedad andinus representa una nueva cita para la flora argentina y se ilustra por primera vez. Se excluye a S. jacquemontii para la Argentina y se considera a S. minor como sinónimo de S. indicus var. indicus. Palabras clave. Argentina, Chloridoideae, Sporobolus, taxonomía. INTRODUCCIÓN variable de taxones que obedece al autor que las trate o a la región geográfica donde se estudien. El género Sporobolus R. Br. pertenece a la sub- Clayton (1965) estudia el complejo S. indicus a familia Chloridoideae de las Poaceae y junto con nivel mundial y trata 12 especies, admitiendo que Eragrostis Wolf son los géneros con mayor núme- algunas de ellas podrían tener una categoría sub- ro de especies en la subfamilia. Comprende más de específica. Las especies citadas por Clayton para 150 especies distribuidas en regiones tropicales y América son: S. jacquemontii Kunth (Brasil, templadas de ambos hemisferios (Nicora & Rúgo- Guyana, Venezuela, Bolivia, Panamá, México y lo de Agrasar, 1987; Peterson et al., 2003). En el SE de Estados Unidos), S. indicus (SE de Estados Nuevo Mundo habitan más de 70 especies y más Unidos, México, América Central, Bolivia, de 80 taxones incluyendo los subespecíficos; el Colombia, Ecuador, Brasil y Paraguay) y S. minor 72% de estas especies son endémicas de América Trin. ex Kunth (Argentina, Chile, Perú, Brasil y (Peterson et al., 2001, 2007). Paraguay). Se destaca la exclusión de Sporobolus El complejo de especies relacionadas a Sporo- indicus para la Argentina y que este autor solo con- bolus indicus (L.) R. Br. comprende un número sidera a S. minor creciendo en ese país. Jovet & Original recibido el 3 de mayo de 2011, aceptado el 10 de junio 2011. 32 S. S. DENHAM & S. S. ALISCIONI. Sporobolus indicus en la Argentina Guedes (1968) estudian el complejo de S. indicus la Argentina, se estudiaron numerosos materiales para ambos hemisferios y tratan como variedades de herbario de S. indicus y taxones afines, y se a la mayor parte de las especies citadas por Clay- observó la amplia variabilidad morfológica en este ton (1965). Baaijens & Veldkamp (1991) también complejo. Esto, sumado a la diversidad de criterios analizan la variabilidad del complejo, pero con para reconocer a los taxones, evidenció la necesi- mayor detalle para taxones del Viejo Mundo. dad de este estudio detallado del complejo Sporo- Con respecto a la distribución de las especies bolus indicus en la Argentina, para establecer que del complejo, también existen diferentes opinio- entidades crecen en ese país. nes. Clayton (1965), Mandret (1992) y Renvoize (1994) consideran a S. indicus como restringida al Nuevo Mundo. Por otro lado, Baaijens & Ved- MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS kamp (1991), Rúgolo de Agrasar et al. (2005) y Peterson et al. (2003) la tratan como una especie Se analizaron más de 900 ejemplares de herba- de distribución pantropical con numerosas varie- rio de taxones del complejo (BA, BAA, CTES, dades. Peterson et al. (2003) consideran que Spo- LIL, SI y US) de la Argentina y países sudameri- robolus jacquemontii y S. indicus se originaron en canos. Se estudiaron ejemplares de otros países de América y que esta última se dispersó en el Viejo América del Sur para obtener un conocimiento Mundo. acabado de la morfología presente en el complejo. Las especies sudamericanas del complejo S. Se seleccionaron 115 especímenes completos y en indicus son tratadas por distintos autores en floras buen estado, de los cuales 87 proceden de la regionales. Renvoize (1988) considera a S. jacque- Argentina, representando todo el territorio del país montii, S. indicus y S. minor para Paraná (Brasil). y toda la variabilidad morfológica observada. Renvoize (1998), entre las especies del complejo, Para estos 115 ejemplares se tomaron caracteres reconoce para Bolivia a S. minor, S. indicus var. considerados diagnósticos en la bibliografía para indicus, S. indicus var. andinus Renvoize y S. delimitar taxones: altura de la planta, largo y pyramidalis P. Beauv.; bajo esta última especie ancho de la inflorescencia, panoja laxa vs. panoja trata a S. jacquemontii. Boechat & Longhi-Wagner densa, hojas principalmente basales vs. basales y (1995) consideran a S. indicus var. indicus y a S. caulinares, contorno del transcorte de la lámina, indicus var. pyramidalis (P. Beauv.) Veldkamp largo relativo de las glumas, ápice de la gluma para Brasil; en ésta última variedad incluyen a S. superior entero y agudo vs. eroso y truncado. Los jacquemontii. Giraldo-Cañas & Peterson (2009) datos cuantitativos se analizaron en función de la consideran a S. indicus y a S. jacquemontii para el altitud del sitio de colecta. Se compararon las NO de Sudamérica. muestras de dos variedades por medio de la prue- Parodi (1928), en la revisión de Sporobolus ba no paramétrica de Mann Whitney basada en los para la Argentina, cita a Sporobolus berteroanus rangos de las observaciones originales. Para los (Trin.) Hitchc. & Chase y a S. indicus. Bajo la pri- gráficos y los análisis estadísticos se usó el progra- mera especie describe lo que otros autores consi- ma InfoStat (Di Rienzo et al., 2009). En “Material deran S. indicus y bajo el segundo nombre descri- representativo estudiado” para cada taxón, se cita be la forma de S. jacquemontii, indicando que no un solo ejemplar por departamento o división ha sido hallada en la Argentina. Esta denomina- administrativa equivalente; los ejemplares medi- ción proviene del concepto erróneo de Hitchcock dos y graficados (Fig. 1) se señalan con un asteris- & Chase (1917), autores que confunden las tipifi- co (*). caciones de estas especies (véase Hubbard, 1966; Baaijens & Veldkamp, 1991). En floras más recientes para diferentes regiones de la Argentina, RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES solo se trata a S. indicus (Astegiano, 1996; Nicora, 2006) o S. indicus var. indicus (Rúgolo de Agrasar Sobre la base del análisis de material de herba- et al., 2005). Peterson et al. (2001) considera para rio y observaciones en el campo se aceptan para la Argentina a S. minor y a S. indicus var. indicus. la Argentina los siguientes taxones del complejo Durante la revisión del género Sporobolus para de Sporoblus indicus: S. indicus var. indicus y S. 33 DARWINIANA 49(1) 32-42. 2011 Fig 1. Relación entre altitud de los sitios de colecta, largo de las inflorescencias y alto de las cañas sobre 115 ejem- plares de S. indicus var. indicus y S. indicus var. andinus. Dentro de la variedad típica se destacan ejemplares con hojas mayormente basales y ejemplares con inflorescencias laxas. indicus var. andinus; esta última variedad repre- S. minor como sinónimo de S. indicus var. indi- senta una nueva cita para la Argentina. Se exclu- cus. ye de la Argentina a S. jacquemontii y se trata a Los caracteres de mayor utilidad para distinguir 34 S. S. DENHAM & S. S. ALISCIONI. Sporobolus indicus en la Argentina entre taxones del complejo son: altura de las plan- Norteamérica hasta Paraguay y la Argentina, desde tas, largo y forma de la inflorescencia, y largo rela- el nivel del mar hasta 4000 m. En la Argentina tivo y ápice de la gluma superior. La relación entre crece en el norte y centro, hasta Buenos Aires, La la altitud y el largo de las inflorescencias y altura Pampa y Mendoza, pero no se halla en la Patago- de la planta permiten identificar a S. indicus var. nia. Habita en una gran variedad de ambientes andinus (Fig. 1). abiertos, principalmente sobre suelos arenosos y rocosos; es común en áreas urbanas. Se encuentra frecuentemente infectada por el hongo tizón TAXONES ACEPTADOS PARA [Bipolares ravenelii (Curt.) Subram. & Jain], LA ARGENTINA observándose, en estos casos, las inflorescencias ennegrecidas. Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.
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